The New York Herald Newspaper, November 18, 1870, Page 3

RUSSIA. Prince Gortchakof’s Circular to Earl Granville, Complete Text of the Russian De- , mands and’ Argument. ‘The European War Agitation Con- tinued and the Cabinets and Peoples Still Excited. Turkey Protests Against the Czar’s Claims and in Support of the ’ Treaty of Paris, England Ready for War Should the Cabinet Action be Sustained, Lord Napier of Magdala to Com- mand the British Army. 4 Eritish Counterblast to Russia—A “Semi-Asiatic Nation” and Violator of Treaties, Prussian Recommendation for a Euro- pean Congress and Peace. The Great Powers to Reply to Russia Individually. TURKEY PREPARING AN ENERGETIC NOTE. General Summons for Russfan Army Service. Russian Marine Charters Declined in Bngland. financial Securities Declining and «.. Breadstaffs Going Up. PRINCE GORTCHAKOFF’S NOTE. TELEGRAMS TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Camplete Text of the Russian Circular—Why the Tresty of Paris Should be Abregated. ‘The'conciuding portion of Prince Gortchakof’s ote to Eatl Granville, communicated through Baron Brunnow in London, having reached us by Sable teityruu from the point where our sparta despatch was interrupted yesterday rning, We publish to-day the complete text of this very im- portant document. The Russian note reads as fol- lows:— PRINCB GORTCHAKOFF TO EARL GRANVILLE. ‘TZaRSKOE SELO, Oct. 19, 1870. ‘BaRoN—The successive alterations which the com- promises considered to be the foundation of tho equilibrium of Europe have in these last years un- Gergone have obliged the Imperial Cabinet to ex- amine the influence upon the political position of Rassia resulting therefrom. Among these compro- muses that which interests us most directly is the treaty of the 18th-soth March, 1866, The special convention between the two Powers berdering on the Black Sea, annexed to this treaty, contains an cngagement on the part of Rassia to limit her maval forces to inconsiderable dimensions. In re- turn, this treaty offered her the principle of the aeutralization of that sea, in the view of the signatory Powers, this prin- ciple’ was to remove all possibility of conflict, whether between the Powers bordering on the Black Sea or between them andthe marttime Powers. It ‘was to increase the number of territeries calied by the unanimous agreement of Europe to enjoy the benefits of neutrality and so to protect Russia her- self from ail danger of aggressions. ‘The experience of fifteen years has proved that this principle, upon which depends the security of the whole extent of the frontiers of the Russian Empire in this direct.on, rests oaly on a theory. In fact, while Ri disarmed in the Black Sea, has even by a declaration recorded in the protocols of the conferences legally denied herself the possibility of taking eMcient measures of maritime defence in the adjacent seas and’ports, Turkey preserved the right of keeping up unlimited naval forces in the Archipelago and the Straits. Francs and England preserved the power of concentrating their squad- rons in the Mediterranean. Moreover, by the terms of the treaty the entrance to the Black Sea ia formally and forever prohibited to the flag of war, whether of the Riparian Powers or any other Power. But by virtue of the conven- tuon called the Straits convention the passage through these Straits is closed to flags of war only in time of peace, It results from this contradic- tion that the coasts of the Russian empire remain exposed to all aggressions, even on the part of less powerful States as soon as they possess naval forces, to which Russia would be able to oppose only a few vessels of small dimensions, ‘The treaty of 18tnh-30th March, 1858, mereover, has not escaped tne infractions to which mest of the Eu- ropean compromises have been subject, and in pres- ence. of which it would be diMicait to amrm that written law, founded upon respect for treaties as a base of public law and rule fer the relations be- tween States, has preserved the same moral sanc- tion which it may have had in other tines, Wevhave seen the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, the fate of which had been fixed by the treaty of peace and by the subsequent protocols under the guarantee of the great Powers, effect a series of revolutions as contrary to the spirit as to the letter of these compromises, and which led them first to union, then to the summoning of a foreign prince. These events occurred with the consent of the Porte and the acquiescence of the great Powers, or at least without the latter having thought it necessary to make their deerees respected. The representative ef Russia was the only one to raise bis voice to point out to the Cabinets that by this toleration they would put themselves in con- tradiction to the explicit stipulations of the treaty. Beyond doubt, if these concessions, granted to que of the Christian nationalities of the East, had re- sulted from a gemeral understanding between the Cabinets and the Porte, by virtue of a principle ap- plicable to the whole of the Christian population of Turkey, the imperial Cabinet would have had nothing to do but applaud. But they were exclusive, ‘The imperial Cabinet then could not but be strack With the jact that tt had been possible tu infringe ‘with impunity the treaty of 1856, but a few years after its conclusion, in one of its essential clauses, im the face of the great Powers assembled in con- ference at Paris, and representing, as a whole, tne high collective authority upon which rested the Peace of the East, ‘This infraction was not the only one. At several intervals, and under various Pretexts, the entrance to the Straits has veon opened to fereign ships of war, aud that of the NEW YORK. HERALD, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1870.—TRIP Black Sea to whole squadrons, the presence of which was a violation of the character of absoluve neutrality ascribed to these waters, in order to 6e- cure the repose of the East and the Eatopean equl- Lbriam, ot’ and that His Majesty Is convinced that that yen oa equihbrium will have @ stronger tée when they shall have been placed on & my Just and Soild basis! Liam those resulting fren! a position whicu no great Power could accept a8 4 normal con- dition of existence. You are desired to read this despatch to the Min- ister of Foreign Afuira and leave a copy with him, Recelve, &e. GORTCHAKOKE. General Presentation of the Note to the Great Powers—How the State Paper Was Ma- tured in St. Petersburg—Popular Approval of the Prince's Positi Lonnon, Nov. 17, 1870, A HERALD special correspondent at St. Petersburg on the 12th inst. says:— Prince Gortchakot’s letter was presented simul- tancously at Loudon, Vienna, Constantinople, Flor- ence and Tours on Weduesday last, After ke knew of the delivery of the note in Lon- don, Gortchakof called in person last night at the English Embassy and offered to stow the despatch to Sir Andrew Bucna- nan, explaining that he had chosen te communicate alrectly with the respective Courts rather than with their representatives here, to avoid all misunder- standings, rumors and exciting telegrams The news frst became generally known to-day, the new Turkish Ambassador baving learned it at the English Embassy. Comparatively few know of iteven yet, At the English Club, the rendezvous of the governing classes on Saturday nights, scarcely any one had heard of the action takem, An Assist- aut Munister was equally ignorant. Prince Gortchakoff's demands are generally ap- proved by the Russians; all others are greatly ex- cited, It is confidently believed that Austria will fight if England will. The Russian government must feel prepared for any event, or it would not have ventured on a step so bold. The Russian oMficiais say they have carried out fer fourteen years the humiliating conditions of the treaty with scrupulous fidelity, and that now is their time or never, They believe that England will not fight. The Queen's messenger ts expected on Thursday with Earl Granville’s reply. None of the morning papers speak of a possible Collision between England and Russia. The Er- change Gazelte alone has @ little paragraph about some important despatches having been recelved by the British Empassy. Their silence is probably at the request of the government, ag the editors knew Of the fact. BRITISH OPINION @F THE RUSSIAN CIRLULAR. Public Canvass of the Cabinet Positien—Can the Nation Support the Migistry for War t— Russian Diplomacy with Bismarck—Review £ of the Situation Alter tho Issue of the Note. Loxpom, Nov, 17, 1870, Earl Granville’s circular is approved in very op- posite quarters. Its firmness of tome has ocea- sioned astonishment, especially among the tories, whose organ this morning fs quiet. ‘rhe leading Hberals are scarcely tess surprised. Yesterday they expected an acquiescent policy and ‘were prepared te defend it. To-day there is no such indication. Warl Gran. vm~ hoa one beyond the peint where public epinion Will suppose w—. on a tn Alematiate BAY. openly they van see no WaY out of it but war, but it is equally dimcult to see how this vavinet can ge to war or take steps leading directly to war without being first reconstructed, nor is it yet the opinion of the Fereign Office that Russia means to bring on, or that England will be bound to accept, the conflict. They say the situation is un- doubtediy grave, but before an opinion can be formed the answer of Gortchakoff must be knewn, which cannot be for several days. Probably it will not be for a fortnight. Earl Granville’s despatch was delivered by the Queen’s messenger to Sir Andrew Buchanan at St, Petersburg on Tuesday, and by him to Prince Gortchakeff on Wednesday. At 1s not expected he will reply instantly, nor is it believed he anticipated an answer like that he has received, It is also affirmed that aitheugh an understand. ing is believed to exist between Gortchakom and Bismarck, the former did not consult Bismarck’s wishes as to the time of promulgating this declara- tion, and that Bismarck desired it to be postponed, but Gortchakoff thought himseif in a position to force the Chancelior’s hand. A SECOND AND SERIOUS CONSIDERATION—-HOW DOES PRUSSIA INCLINE. The second element necessary in estimating a probability of war is a knowledge of Prus- sia’s exact position, which may not be ob- tainable immediately. Bismarck was advised of Odo Russell’s mission, and it has since been an- nounced that he would be obliged to leave the head- quarters for a short absence, on account of his health and to meet the Countess, Both at St, Petersburg and Versailles, therefore, probable delays may occur. "THE AMERICAN DIPLOMACY. Anxiety 1s expressed to know whether the Amert- can government was privy in this step, of which the Legations at London and St. Petersburg are re- ported to have been utterly unaware, THE RUSZAN PRESS ON THE CRISIS. a LONDON, Nov, 17, 1870, A HERALD correspondent in St. Petersburg tele- graphs that the Russian note is universally approved there, All the city papers contain strong articles, ex- pressing the hope of @ peaceful result, but stating that the country 18 ready for war if necessary. The Golos demands @ national subscription to build a Black Sea ficet. TAKING A HINT FROM PRUSSIA. An mperlal ukase, signed yesterday and pub- lisned to-day In the Oftctal Journal, orders the Russian army to be recruited on the Prussian plan. PRUSSIAN HOPES OF PEACE, Lonpon, Noy. 17, 1870, A HERALD special correspondent telegraphs from Berlin on the 17th thas:— In official circles @ peaceful solution of the Black Sea question is looked for. It 1s freely admitted that an understanding exists between Prussia and Rus- sia that, in case of war, they will co-operate, ‘The news from London and Vienna caused a panic on the Bourse, Expression of the Berlin Journals—The Iden of a European Comgress—Peace and Recon- ciliatien Advised. Lonpoy, Nov. 17, 1870. The Eerlin city journals cf yesterday, issued during the day unul evening, are for the most part @iient on the Russian question, The Vienna correspondent of the National Zet- tung, of Bertin, says that Austna 1s determined to side with and stand by England, and that Turkey Proposes the assempling of a European congress in & note addressed to the Austrian Cabinet. The Provincial Correspondenz, a semb-ofilcial Prussian paper, believes that the signing Powers Will. consent to modify the treaty of Paris of 1856. * Phe Presse, of Berlin, is conctliating im its ex- Pression, relying for its assurance of a continuance of tranquility in Europe on tue peaceful opinions of the present Cabinet of England, ‘The Neute frie Presse attacks the Russian position violently, The editor appeals to England directly, and asserts that “Great Britain 1s bound to consider an infringement of the treaty of 1856 a casus belli,” TURKEY AND THE GREAT POWERS. TELEGRAM 0 THE NEW YORK HERALD. Protest of the Sultan Agninst the Russian Demands—Imperial Call on the Signers of the Treaty 0% Laris. Lonpon, Nov. 17, 1870. The agitation on the subject of the Russian de- mand for the revision of the weaty of Parls con- tinues in England, Earl Granville’s position as set forth in his note to the British Ambassador in St. Petersburg, which was telegraphed to the HERALD yesterday, 18 fulfilled to-day by the fact that Turkey protests strongly against the action of the Russian government, and calls upon the great Powers which were parties to the treaty of Paris in 1856 to enforce its provisions. The Gortchake? Nete OMictally Delivered. CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 17, 1870. The Sublime Porte did not receive Prince Gort- chakoff’s note until yesterday, The despatch 1s con- cillatory in tone, but insistson the revision of the treaty of 1856, The Ottoman government will make an energetic reply. ‘rurkey is preparing for a desperate conflict, RUSSIA AND EGYPT, TELEGRAMS TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Tho Czar’s Interest with the Viccroy—Al- — leged Secret Understanding—Egyptian Hope of Executive Independence. LONDON, Nov. 17, 1870, Rumors are afloat: in the city to-day to the effect that a secret understanding exists between the Sul- tan and the Viceroy (Khedive) of Egypt for mutual ald and support, and looking ultimately to the se- curing ot the independence of Egypt from Turkish authority. Russian Call to Arma. Lonpon, Nov. 17, 1870, Exemptions from military service in Russia have ‘Deen Mmited and all classes summoned to be ready for service when required, TRE SITUATION IN ENGLAND. Ne “Peace Party” Permitted in the Cabinet Earl Granville Firm im His Position—His, Gortckako® Circular Sustained—What the People Think and Say—The Armament Con- tinued—Threat to Russia—Natienal Be- feace—Gibraltar Amply Provisioned. Lonvon, Nov, 17, 1870, ‘The pence-at-any-price party in the Cabinet Ona themsélves uname to resist the popular demand tora war against Russia unless she recedes front Der prvocut posilien Earl Granville told Mr. Gladswoma that tea~—-- choose between yielding to the tide and going out of office, For @ moment they have yielded. The Members who oppose the position assumed by Earl Granville in his reply to Prince Gortchakef are Messrs. Lowe, Childers, Cardwell, Bruce and Ayr- ton. The truth is that Earl Granville sent his reply to Prince Gertchakoff im hot haste, without con- sulting his colleagues, and then informed them that the country was committed to his pesition, and that he could not and would not receae from it. There is intense excitement in government circies relative to the threatened complications growing out of Russia’s attempt to secure a reviston of the Paris treaty. ‘The general conviction is that English statesman- ship is at fault. The country is wholly unprepared for war, and all its traditional arms are imperilled. Right Hon. Mr. Cardwell, Secretary of State for war, is hastening the armament of the nation. The London Times has a strong article this morn- ing on the grave situation of affairs. It says “if the Russians put a fleet in the Black Sea Turkey will be able to sweep it off. If she is not, England and the otner Powers are bound to do #0." The other city papers speak of the Russian de- mand as insolent. “England will stand firm to treaty engagements, and will not stand alone.” Throughout England the preparations for defence are extensive, Gibraltar ia being reprovisioned, and the govera- ment Is purchasing powder in large quantities. The London Post, in an editorial, says ‘the cause of France has now become the cause of Eu- rope. All the neutral States are bound to assist her to obtain a peace and leave her intact or aid her to continue the war tn order to hold Prussia engaged while England, Austria, Italy and Turkey whip Rus- sia into submission, Either Prussia must sign an easy peace to liberate her forces or France, detain- ing them, will show herself once more the savior of Europe.” The London Standard has a bitter attack on Russia and Prossia, wro, it declares, “conspired together to commit a monstrous act of perfidy and violence—an audacious contempt of public morality, introducing chaos and a series of endless wars.’ It proclaims that “the existence of no English Ministry would be worth a week's purchase that dare not give a right answer to this most insolent challenge.” . BRITISH COUNTERBLAST TO RUSSIA. How the “Semi-Asiatic” Nation and Treaty Violator Mast Be Dealt With. LONDON, Nov, 17, 4870, The London News will publish an article to-mor- row saying, ‘The anti-Russian feeling in England, dying away under the influence of new ideas of policy, was fast becoming an obsolete prejudice, The recent action of the imperial Russian goy- ernment has suddenly revived it im more than wonted strength, The circular of Prince Gortchakoif forces upon those who hoped better things to doubt whether, after all, the great seml-Asiatic Power which occupies Eastern Europe really belongs to our international system, acknowledging the com- mon obligations of Christian and civilized nations, Turkey was, comparatively, the other day, brought within the public law of Europe; and now Russia seems «disposed to banish herself from it, |The Power which digcardg its mos} solemm Pledges as soon as an opportunity offers goes far to place itself beyond the range of diplomatic inter- course, and the nation which does not acknow- ledge the force of treaties can only be dealt with by force of arma, if it 13 to be dealt with at all. The cool announcement which Gort chakof! makes that the Emperor with- Graws from the treaty, so far as it restricts his rights in the Black Sea—that 1s, he declines to fulfl the condittous by winch he purchased peace fourteen years ago—stands almost alone In re- cent times in fagrans violation of personal and political good faith, No Collective Remonsteance With the Czar~ No Charter for Russian Vessels. Lonpos, Noy. 17—P, M. ‘The idea of a collective note from the Powers con- cerned to Russla has peen abandoned. The Austrian despatch in reply to Prinoe Gort- ehakor, however, is identical with that of Great Bri- tain. ‘The evening papers concur in urging vigorous war measures, Merchants here decline to charter Russian vessels, THE FINANCIAL ASPECT, Excitement on the London ?Change—Decline in SecuritiesBreaéstuffs Advancing. Lonvon, Noy. 17, 1870, ‘There ts much excitement at the Stock Exchange, and securities of all kinds are dechaing. Breadstuffs are advancing correspondingly. The crisis forms the theme of newspaper com- ment, and there seems to ve but one opinton of the Russian demand—“that it is insolent in the last degree.” THE BRITISH ARMY, Chief Commands in the Event of War. Lonpon, Nove17, 1870, Major General Lord Napier of Magdala will be ap- pointed Commander-in-Chlet of the British army should war be undertaken against Russia, It ts sald that General Lord Lucan, of Crimean fame, will have the chief command of the cavalry. AUSTRIAN DIPLOMACY, Council With England and Turkey. Vienna, Noy. 17, 1870, Baron Von Beust, the Austrian Prime Minister, Was in conference with the British and Turkish Ministers on Tuesday upon the question raised by Russia. EASTERN DEFENCE UNION. Egypt and the Turkish Principnlities. LONDON, Nov. 17, 1870, In the event of @ declaration of war Egypt, Servia and Roumanta will upite against Turkey for inde- pendence. i 2s OP:NION ON THE CONTINENT. Why England Should Not Fight. Lonvon, Nov. 17, 1870. ‘The journals on the Continent take no pains to disguise thelr satisfaction that Great Britain and her colonies would suffer more severely in case of @ war aginst Russia than France has suffered im her contest with Prussia. THE TREATY OF PAR! Hopes of » Peacefal Revision. All the Great Powers of Europe are ready to re- consider the Paris tr. aty of 1856. A EUROPEAN CONFERENCE IN PROSPECT. Probable Revision of the Treaty of Paris. LieGE, Nov. 17, 1870. The Journal de Liege says Russia ts about to pro- pose a conference of the Powers at Brussels to re- vise the fourteenth article of the treaty of Paris of 1856, and that Austria and Italy are represented as favoring the project. ROUMANIA, SERVIA AND EGYPT. Their Political Conditi ion and Military Importance. According to the telegrams which appear in this morning’s HERALD the number of intending com- batunts tn the general struggle soon to be inaugu- rated in Europe still continues to increase. Rou- mania (including the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia), Servia and Egypt are also apparently eager to join in the approaching mélée; and, though none of these Powers are of any considerable mill- tary importance, the war which seems upon the eve of breaking out wili be so flercely waged, and its component elements. are of such uncertain strength, that every pew element in the conflict ought to be tairly taken into account. It 1s the last ounce that weighs down the scale, and in a general European contest some petty Power may, perhaps, hold the balance of military strength and turn tue tide of victory according to the cause it may determine to espouse, ROUMANIA is comparatively a new Power upon the map of Europe. It 1s still nominally a fief of Turkey, but it yields but a doubtful allegiance to the Porte. The two princtpalities of which it 1s composed, Moldavia and Wallachia, contain in all a population of 4,000,000, Wallachia can claim about two-thirds of this number, all of whom are of Slave blood and speak @ language essentially Slavonic, but largely tinged with Latin, By the.treaty of 1829 Wailachia was invested with the right of appealing to the pro- tection of the Czar if any interference were at- tempted by the Porte with the unlimited freedom of the Greek Catholic Church, of which neariy all tts citizens are members, This protectorate, however, ‘was abolished by the treaty of 1856, the same instru- ment which Russia is now threatening to tear into shreds. Moldavia contains a smaller popuiation, four-fifths of whom are Slaves, while the remaining filth, consisting of about 120,000 Bohemians and 60,000 Jews, are also an important political element, especially as it 19 different tn its religious character. Moldavia first enjoyed the protectorate of Russia as far back a$ 1792, and this privilege, after being denied for many years, was finally recognized by the Porte by the the treaty of 1829. The Czar at the same time acquired absolutely, for a pecuniary con- sileration, the Bessarabian provinces, which have been regarded by some as to a great extent the gate to European Turkey. This protectorate was also abolished by the treaty of 1856. The incorporate life of Wallachia and Moldavia, or rather of Rouna- nia, began in 1859, when they practically joined to- gether by e'ecting the same prince, Colonet Couza. The union was not, however, re- cognized by Turkey until 1861, when, at the instance of the great Fowers, the new kingdom was allowed to adopt a constitutional form of goverament, the twe legisiatures of the two provinces being fused into a common parliament and the affairs of the whule country being admin- istered by a single Cabinet. Since that time public affairs in Roumania have been very stormy. A vio- lently democratic spirit. has constantly been grows ing to Intensity and power, and is now supreme. Prince Couza was driven away in 1865, narrowly escaping wiih lid life, Prince Charles was selected by tne revolutionary leaders to succeed him, but during the past two years he has been exceedingly LE SHEET. has been the Legi unpopuiar, Times without number he the subject of abusive trades in lature, and on several occasions a@ revolution bas seemed 80 wnminent that news of its outbreak has been telegraphed all over Europe, Under these circumstances ut will be see how unreliabie must be any guesses about the part Roumania will take in the pending strife. in of the active exertions of Russian agents, who have been employed for years in travelling through we country to sur up & Pan-slavic sentiment, the gy Tal masses of the people look by no means with favor Upon the prospect of becoming te children of the Uzar, All, indeed, that Roumantans desire ts to be freed absolutely from the yoke of Molamme- dan Turkey. So far as muliary strength goes Roumania 18 certainly not contempti- ble, Her population 1s singularly warlike, und thoush «she has but) 6a standing army ef 15,000 men, the entire body of her male citizens between the ages of twenty and forty are subject to serve in time of war, and are ai more or less trained to the use of arms and accustomed to the restraints of disciphne, Roumania has no navy except a few steamers on the Danube, which ure altogether too insignificant to be noticed. BERVIA, another of the Danubian principalities, occupies much the same pesition towards Turkey, and is peopled by the same Slave race and animated by the samme political instincts as Roumanta, It first declared its indepeadence in 1800, but was forced again to come under the sway of the Porte. In 1829 its present attitade towards the Sul- lan was arranged. Jo is independent as tar as its internal affairs are concerned, but is required to pay an annual tribute, to permit the presence of a Turkish garrison of 2,009 mea in its principal city, Belgrade, and to submit to the investiture ef iis princes by the Sultan, Of Inve years it has been growing moro and more eager for independence, and fas exhibited the same democratic prociivities | as Roumania, though not in so marked atorm. Its military strength on paper is very considerable, amounting on a war footing to five divisions of 25,000 cach, in all 125,000 men. The actual fyures that would be reached, however, would certaily be much lower, the EGYP?, the third Power reported to be ina state of martial excitement, 18 also a tributary of the Porte, and, as we stated yesterday in the published review of the probable combatants In the coming struggle, will probably take sides with Russia and beldly strike out for independence. Her military strength, which has been vastly increased boch in numbers and effielency during the past few years, now runs up to about 100,009 men. ‘These are ofticered very largely by foreigners, including a number of Amert- cun veterans, The troops are splendidly equipped with breech-loaders, and are thoroughly disciplined. Egypt has now, however, no naval importance, as, by the terms agreed upon for the settlement of the recent quarrel between the Khedive and the Sultan, the former was reqaired to immediately forward the iron-clads he had bought from England to Con- stantinople, to be taken possession of by the Porte at thelr orlainal cost. THE BRITISH COMMANDERS. Baren Napier of Magdala. By a special telegram to the HERALD we learn that Lieutenant General Napier has been appointed to the chief command of the British forces. The name of this oMcer has been familiar to all Amert- cans since the expedition-te Abyssinia, the storming of Magdala and killing of Theodorus. He isason of the late Major Charles Frederick Napler by his wife Catharine, who was @ native of Barbados, The subject of this sketch was born at Ceylon on the 6th of December, 1810. In 1826 he entered the Bengal engineers, and distinguished himself in the Sutlej campaigns, at the siege of Moultan, at Goojerat, and at the capture of Lucknow in 1858, during which last named year he defeated the Sepoys at the battie of Pownee. For this last feat he was created a Knight Commander of the Bath and tendered the thanks of Pariiament. In 1861 he participated in the Chinese campaign which resulted inthe capture of Pekin, and again received the thanks of Parliament. From 1861 to 1865 he was a memierof the Council of India, and during the latter year was appointed Commander-in-Culef of hoiding ‘this PoSuWAih the rank of general. While Great Britain and the Emperor Theodorus; wien ended in abrief war. General Napier was placed in command of the forces sent to Abyssinia, and the admirable manner in which he directed the cam- paign, the rapidity of his marches 1 complete success of the movement against Magdala form a briijant page in the history of tis military career, In reward for this service he was created a G, ©. B., and on the 17th of July, 1868, was raised to the peerage as Lord Napier of Magdala. Fourteen days later Parliament passed an act granting an annuity of $10,000 to him and to his next surviving male heir for the term of their natural lives, Lord Napier has been twice married, and bas bad ven children, ail of whom are still liviog. Earl of Lucan. The commander of the cavalry {s sald to be Sir George Charles Bingham, Earl of Lucan. He 1 an old officer of the British army, having entered the service nearly filty years ago. During the Turkish campaign of 1828 he served as a volunteer in the Russlan army, under General Dicbitsch, and for his services was made @ Knight Second Class of the Order of St. Ann of Russia. He represented the county Mayo in Parliament from 1826 to 1850, and was chosen one of the representative peers for Ireland in 1840. He commanded a division of cavairy in tno Crimea, during the campaign of 1854-5 there, and participated in the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann. The famous charge of the light brigade, which belonged to his command, will be remembered to so long as the history of the battle of Balaklava remains extant, Lord Lucan was colonel of the Eighth hussars till February, 1865, When he became colonei of the First regiment of Life Guards, He isa lieutenant genera? in the army, @ K. C. B., & Commander of the Legion of Honor, Knight of the Medjidic, &c, RUSSIA BIDDING FOR AMERICAY CRUISERS, Some queer rumors are afloat concerning the in- tention of the Kusslan government to purchase some of our navy yard built men-of-war, in view of the contingencies arising out of a war with England. It is well kuown that the United States have a number of ships of large size, built expressly for the purpose of preying upon English merchantmen in case of a war that more than once appeared likely to arise between Great Britain and our country. There were four of these craft constracved, of over 2,000 tons bur- then, new measurement, and designed to carry a battery of twenty-one guns—those In broadside to be 11-inch smooth bore shell guns, and those mounted on pivot carriages to be two or three hundred pounder rifies. The engines, expressly designed and constructed for these vessels, were of immense size and power, the whole available space between decks being used for the boilers, engines and coal bunkers, leaving room only fora smali crew. Their extreme length and narrow beam, combined with a Deautiful model, made them just the craft for great speed. The Wampanoag, or as 2s she is now cailed, the Florida, made a pretonged trial trip, and, under steam alone, logged seventeen knots—a speed that was maintained for more than twenty-iour hours, ‘The reckonings were mage from landfall to landfall, and there could be no mistake as to the distance run in a given time. No such speed was ever before attained by any propeller or man-of-war ofany nation. The trial and its results attracted general attention ail over the world; but as the war of the rebellion had closed the government had nospecial use for that peculiar style of ship and they were placed in ordinary and have been laying up ever since. On Tuesday iast, as we noticed in our nayal report of yesterday, one of the vessels—the Florida—was hauled out of her old bert and taken to the ord- nance dock in order to have her armament re- moved, so that the ship could be over- hauled and refivted for sea service. As the United States are not Ikely to need these craftfor some time to come, in view of the English nation coming to terms with us on the Alabama claims, we can sell tho craft to a foreign Power. Russia ts in need of just such vessels in case of war with the great naval Power, Great Britain, to prey upon the vessels of that country which are repre- senied by her commerce. Destroy English com- merce and you cripple England and at once reduce her (0 @ second or third rave Power, That is what second | \ Russia =would in ships fit for fast crises, She can ug chem here, fit them out bei out on the ocean to capture, burn and destroy every atord to pay handsom governinent long as we parsue out peaceful paths, only would be vequived to gat them in frst rate eign Powe admitted than before, In fact, one may say thas | In the course 3 Russia las no navy te globe and no do. cuarter Bat this of re war is declared, and gend then English crafl thet they come ecross, Russia can ely for these vessels, and our can sejl them and not miss them, av A lew weeks condition, They can never be caught and they can and overhaul the Meetest merchant steamers afloat, In this war they would be mvaluaite Co Rusa and & scourge to England, themselves ten times over tt tirec months. hope they will bring good prices, others before we have any need for them and Leese can be readily spared. They would pay for Wo We can oviit Our goverument is not disposed tp sell to a for any of our double-turreted moniter, ‘hough there is a lot of Eriosson moniiors at Lengo Isiand that are in ihe market, ( & Leheved. lhase Sta Las pienty of Uns cited Of iron-clads, however, and will not wish to buy. ‘The coming war is, therefore, Likely to benefit us in more Ways Cha one, RUSSAT ARG, Inception and Exciting Causes of the Moves Home Dangers and the Outside Now cessities of the Empire. (St, Petersiurg (Nov. 1) correspondence of London Fost.) ‘The trampetiogs of alara sounded by the Rassian press are still as vehement as ever; but the object of apprehension seems to be now more dethatiely the, Russians are at present avowiag one great appre. hension in order to mask another and a greater, which they wish to conceal, of course, What ols, perpetual Gughear—“the annex. ation of the Baiuic proviness”—a fear which bas just been roused into absolute panic by an unpleasant litte paragraph ia one of the Berlin reviewa, which, In the course of a criticism upon a recent work oa the numbers and political status of the German race, takes occasion to remark: consotids with Alsi tage be pursued in the East, where iB (cge and important tracts of country have been tora from ig not country in question having been torn, not from Prussia, but from Sweden and Poland; while tao Prossian provinces annexed by the Emoress Bliza- beth were restored (« full by her sue .ssor, Peter Ti vinces 1% unmistakable, and the horrer of tho Russian journalists a the bare suggestion of such @ contingency can lardly he calied unnatural, greatest advantage that one uation can have over another is the possession of @ free parsace into the latter's verritory. Picardy and Guienne had been restored fleur-de-lys Lhe evel passage for huglish a) pour inte Fraace, Sweep, so jong as she Was mis- tress of the Ballic seaboard, held a sword perpe- ally over the head of Russia, qnest of the Turki#h provinces of Bessarabia and ‘The avowed aaxiety 1s, “Aud the policy of jon which we ave pursuing in the Wert, e and Lorraine, might with equal adyan- us.” Strictly Mtogether speaking, correct 5 this the statement 1. of Nevertheless, he allusion to the Bai io Pro» Tae far caree generations to tue pen gate of Calais vilered a hers and Eugtish bilimen to Kussia, DY We Cone the Crimea, opened a door to the capture of Con- stantiuople Which the Treaty of Paris has but half closed aga'n. sily for its use has 101 @ passage into Spain through the gaies ef Gibraltar, And #0, too, Alsace and Lorraine, if annexed, wilh be Prussia’s pase-key into France; the Baitio provin Kussia, background, which dimly shows itseif in the con- stant mention of Poland by the aaliy press, and the Interest with Which the telegraces (com Warsaw are read—the iearof @ revival of Polish navionaliy under the protection of the Prassian crown. ‘the persevering hostility of this indovsaitable race— always beaten, hever couquered, handing down from generation to generation an undying hatred of We ourselves (chouga the ueces- MINCE VaUMded) sll eae Me annexed, will Ge hec gass-ke; into jut there 18 a darker terror larking i Le their oppreasors—has always been the thorn In the side of Kussia. And tn truth the sorese peril that can beset @ Matiou' is tae exisweace Within its borders of @ subject fore gu rac, The Spartan, haughty as he was, looked anxious and troubled whenever his eye caught the sullep Jace of the Helot scowling frou the folds of lus weatnher-worn sheepskin. ‘The Athenian, in hig brightest moments of revei was vanated by tne Wongut that the man Who ooseqttouriy died hit opie sas, attended hun with # lorch at night, alge day spring up into & whirlwind o; fire massacre. It was the Roman slave who ravaged aly {rem Kavenns to Tarentui and ali but exune guished the rising power o¢ Rome. Mazi a Rard battle did the Norman kings of Engiaud have vo fight before they could beat down the stuvbvoru res sistance of tue daxoa, Wiusind’s Frisiaus Were & thorn in theside of Charemugue, Ziska Bohrunans in that of Austria, Bozzuris’ and Colocotronis? Greeks 3 that of ‘turkey; aud Poland, too, trampiet and di red as ste is, Can $1 be davyeroua. Reencvin eh ateber cain the proportion of tert! wstria had a share sa tue 9,406 square miles; AUsiria, 02,600; ~ Kussla, 67,508), are noc & whit the less blier on that account. 1 have against heard it asseried by Russian authorities of excep. uonal rellablity that, Bad Napoleon in 1512 wou tia consent of his ailles to the resturation of the aucteat Polisi kingdom, wintered there wiih his acuy aud made Poland the basis of a well-organized attack on Kussia iu the spring, he would in all provaviliy have prevailed, Aud now greater than Napoleon is here. Evea his unrivalied power of concentration could nut have massed Logether in the course of several days @ tithe O1 the force which Gis Prasvan rallways can _ pour upon the almest detenceless fronuer of Poland ~"* a few hours, The first appearance of the black Eagie beyond the botder woud ve the signal of aniversal revoit; and with the Baltic pros vinces annexed on the one ‘and, aad asurgent Po- land, backed by the whoie migit of Prussia, on the other, the great empire wvuld indeed be Ln evil case. ‘This PossibiuTy bas been deliberately looked in tbe face by & Kussiad milibary crivie of Migh ceyacation, who, at the close of a receatly-puolished treatise oa the deiences of the empire, suins up in words weil WOrth quediug all (nat Cau De said Ou the subject. The invasion of any particular district usually Impiles one of two things respecting k—either the lining of w blow at its actual military strength, oF Lue boiding of the territory 40 invaded a» a kind of material yuaraniee by weaus o€ waich @ continual pressure may be exerted upon the belligerent Power, With regard to the Crimea, the trst of these pu pores bas already been served by the destruction of Seb: pol, while the secoad has to all aprearance never bee Plougut of, ‘And in tae face of ctainty we aco plan- ning railways, and sto of war, and sqiande ing millions of roubici - a kopeck, in order to ready past. Suould the wa ally break out, the eal mark of Prussia, or of urkey comblaed (Our only probable aa¥aiauts), Wii be Uo guestionably Poland, ta which provin slogie success om the part of the fnvaders would tnstantly raage rouad thee standards the whole force of the country. With such a peril impending over her westera frontier any movement of Kussta Upon Cons:autino- ple would ve sheer insaaity, She must jor the present confine her warlike energies to the di-tribu tioa of new Lreech-loaders, aud the abuse (to quote to-day’s Moscow News) “of Chose oficious pe: ma Who wisi (o (od Fravee of her last oppor- tunity of retrieving her late disasters.” Ln fact, the Czar and the Suitaa are at present playing the paris of Viola and sir Andrew Aguecheek in “Tweilth Turkey organizes serve corps of 200,000 w secure hersel) against Russia Kusala, in her turn, calls Into tue feld 40,000 men, inorder to couuterbalance the menacing prepara- tions of Turkey. Jt ouly rematas for Austria to bring Out 609,000 men ta order Lo keep the peace be- tween them both, and te picture is complete. THE RUSSIAN LOAN. Engliv Opinion of the Undertniciag. The Lonton Fosc of November 3 says “Rnssig js reported to want 15,000,009 or 20,000,000 sterl- ing as a loan, and, if she should asx for it, wilt she get ity’? Russia has fully recognized th wisdom of keeping good faith with mouey lenders. Cap- ftalists make certain of receiving at her hands tha fulfilment of the conditions of tueir bargains, and, accordingly, Russia has never bad any dificuity in raising money in our market, What has be- come of all the Engiish money poured Into Russia's lap during the past twelve years’ it has been spent on railways, will be tie reply. Speaking blundly, we do ot velleve if, If the sum total borrowed be divided by the number of miles of railway executed tL will probably be found that the price per mile is far im excess of what suc” works ought to cost in a county where land 1s Ob little value and Parliamentary expenses ure un- known, It has been sariised that the Russian government has managed carefully to put by & certain portion of the raiiway loaus that Dave been raised in the Wegteru mouey markets, and that these reserves of cash wili be available when it suis Russia's arrangements and convemmence to attempt the consummation of her carefally cherished desigua of foreign ageression. [tis the fashion with certain people ty poot-pood these designs. Russopnobta is a term of reproach glibly applied to those who simply strive to Judge of the ficace Coom the past, Wo should greatty preier ineurrimg this reproach to being hoodwinked, If we sould tind ourselves suddenly confronted with the aiternattye of eating humble pieor of fighting the Russians, for the sano reason as we fought them before, the “we could not have beleved it” of the scoters will not greatiy heip us out of the diMicuity. Despite, then, the pos- sible sneers of the conflaing persons who think that sy, has relinquished her dreams of conquest, that fndia, Turkey, the Biack Sea, do not now en- ter into her calculations, and vat she has taken. firmly to Ways of peacetul progress, we make bold lo assert that Turkey 18 now, as heretoiore, the great objective of Kussian poilitcal strategy, ana that the establishment of a vast system of railway is as much & preliminary to the carrying out of that strategy as itis to te development of the countey WM @ BUCIal, Commercial aad eoUBOMICAl seuse,