The New York Herald Newspaper, November 17, 1870, Page 3

RUSSIA. Europe on the Eve of ‘War. The Eastern Question at a Crisis, and the Cabinets and Peo- plos Alarmed, Prince Gortschkoff’s Demand for the Abrogation of the Treaty of Paris, Earl Granville’s Reply to the Russian (Circular. Depression on the London *Change, and the Continental Bourses Excited. Concentration of the British. Naval Forces. English “Outery” Against Russia, and Chances of an Anti-Russian Coalition, Russia Mustering Her Army and . Exercising Her Navy. Prussia Said to be in Union with the Czar. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC INDIFFERENT Austria, Italy, Zelgium and Eol- land Agitated. he core pe ae TELEGRAMS TO THE NEW Yonk HeRALo, Meeting of the British Cabinet—Prince Gort. achakof’s Letter Deumnding tho Abrogation ef the Treaty of Parle—Reply of Earl Gran. ville to tho Russian Circular. Lonpon, Nov. 16, 1870, Ata Cabinet meeting, which was hcld here to-day, Mt was resolved to act decisively in regard to the Russian complication. War between England and Ruselaie imminent. Great popular indignation ts expressed here against Russia. PRINCE GORTSCHAKOFF’S CIRCULAR TO THE BRITISH CABINET, The following is the full text of Prince Gortscha- koff’s circular communicated to Lord Granville by Baron Brupnow on the 9th of November:— PALACE OF TZARKOE-SELO, Oct, 19, 1870. BARoN—The successive alterations which the com- ‘promises considered to be the foundation of the equ Nbrium of Europe have, in these last years, under- gene, have obliged the imperial Cabinct to examine ine influence upon the Political Position gs Russie ‘herefrom resulting. Among these Sompromises that which interests us most directly w the treaty of the 18th (oth) of | ‘March, 1856, , The A oer gonyegtion between tho two Powers poraeting on the Black Sea annexed to this treaty contains an engagement on ‘he part of Russia to limit her naval force to inconsiderable dimensions. In return this treaty ~ offered her the principle of the neutralization of that sea. In view of tho sig- natary, however, this principle was to Temoye all possibility of conflict, whether between the Powers bordering on the Black Sea or between them and the maritime Powers, It was to increase the number of territories called by the unanimous agreement of Europe to enjoy the benefits of neutrality, and so to protect Russia herself from ali danger of azgression. The experience of fifteen ycars has proved that vals principle, upon which depends the security of the whole extent of the frontiers of the Russian em- pire in this direction, rests only on a theory. In fact, while Russia, disarmed in the Black Sea, and even by a declaration recorded in the protocols of the conference loyally denied to herself the pos- wibility of taking eMcient measures of maritime defence in the adjacent seas ond ports. Turkey preserved the right of keeping up unlimited naval force in the Archipelago and the Straits. France and England reserved the power of con- centrating their squadrons in the Mediterranean. Moreover, by the terms of the treaty the entrance into the Black Sea is formally and forever prohibited to the tiag of war, whether of the riparian Powers or ef any other Power; but by virtue of the convention called the “Straits Convention,” the passage through these straits 1s closed to flags of war only in time of peace, it resulta from this contradiction that the coasts of the Russian empire remain exposed to all aggres- sions, even on the part of less powerful States, as soon as tbey possess naval forces, to which Russia would be able to oppose only a few vessels of small dimensions, The treaty of the 18th (30tn, new style) of March, 1856, moreover, has not escaped the infractions to which most of the European compromises have been subject, and in presence of which it would be dificult to affirm that written law founded upon re- epect for treaties, as a bases of pub- lic law and rule for the relations between States, has preserved the same moral sanction which it may have had in other times. We have #een the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, the fate of which bad been fixed by the treaty of peace and by the subsequent protocols under the guarantee of the great Powers, effect a ‘series of evolutions as contrary to tho Spirit as to ine letter of these compromises; @nd which led tiem first to union, and then to the ‘sovereignty of a foreign prince, These events oc- curred with the consent of the Porte and the acqu vescence of the groat Powers, or, at least, with- ‘put these, thé latter iaving thought it Se Necessary (© make thelr decrees respected. \ ~s Tae reps ataive of ~ Kussia was the: NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, only One to raise his voice to point out to the Cabl- nets that, by this toleration, they would put them- selves in contradiction with the explicit stipulations Of the treaty. Beyond doubt, if these concessions, granted to one of the Christian nationalities of the East, had resulted from a genera) understanding be- tween the Cabinet and the Porte, by virtue of a principle applicable to the whole of the Christian populations of Turkey, the imperial Cabinet would heve nothing todo but applaud. But they were ex- clusive, ‘The imperial Cabinet then could not but be struck with the fact that it bad been possible to infringe with impunity the treaty of 1866, but a few years after its conclusion, in one of ita essential clauses, in the face of the great Powers assembled in con- ferenge at Paris aud representing as a whole the high collective authority upon which rested the peace of the East, ‘This infraction was not the only one At several) intervals and under various pretexts the entrance to the Straits has been opened to foreign ships of War, and that of the Black Sea to whole squadrons, the presence of which was a violation of the cha- racter of absolute neutrality ascribed to these waters, In proportion as the pledges offered by the treaty grew week, and especially the guarantees of an effective mnentrality of the Black Sea, the introduction of tron-clad ships, un- known and unforeseen at the ime of (Here the despatch breaks off.) The following 18 the letter from Earl Granville, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to Sir A, Buchanan, the English Ambassador at St. Petersburg:— HARL GRANVILLB’S REPLY, FORRIGN OFFICE, Noy. 10, 1870, Sin—Baron Brunnow made me yesterday a com- munication respecting the Convention between the Emperor of Russia and the Sultan of Turkey, limit- ing thelr forces in the Black Sea, which was signed in Paris on the 30th of March, 1866, and to which you allude in your telegram of yesterday afternoon, In my despatch -of yesterday I gave you an account of what passed between us, and now pro- pose to observe upon Prince Gortachakofi’s de- spatches of the 10th inst, and 20th ult, which was communicated to me by the Russian Ambassador here, On that occasion Prince Gortschakoi de- clared, on the part of his Imperial Majesty, that the treaty of 1856 has been infringed in various respects to the prejudice of Russia, more especially in case of the Principalities, against the ex- plicit protest of lis representatives, and that in consequence of these infractions Russia is entitled to belted eee stlpuladont of the treaty which restrict her rights and been the ‘Black Sea, We have here an allegation that certain facts have occurred which, in the judgment of Russia, are at variance with certain stipulations, and the assumption is made that Russta, upon the strength of herown judgment as to the character of those facts, 18 ig entitled to release herself from certain other stipulations ‘Of that instrument. This’ assumption 1s limited in ita practical application to some provi- sions of the treaty, but the assumption of a right to renounce any one of ite terms, involves an as- sumption of right to renounce the whole, ‘This statement 1s wholly independent of the rea- sonableness or unreagonableness, on its own merits, of the desire of Russia to be released from the on- servance of the stipulations of the treaty of 1856 respecting the Black Sea, For the question is, in whose hand lies the power of releasing ono or more of the partics from all or any of tnesg. £tipulations? _ it has always been held that this right belongs oniy to the e governments W who have been parties te the original Instrument, The despatches of Prince ‘Gortschakort ‘Appears to as- sume that i of the Poweis ‘who have signed the engagement | may allege that occurrences have taken place which in is opinion are at variance with the provisions of the treaty, and although this view is not shared nor admitted by the consignatary Powers, it may found, upon that allegation, not a request to those governments for a consideration of the case, butan announcement to them that it has emancipated itself, or holds itself emancipated, from any stipulations of the treaty which it thinks fit to disappreve. Yetit is quite evident that the effogt of gneh oo and Oe any proceeding whieh, with or ‘without ‘val, is’ “founded upon it, ig to bring the entire authority and efficacy of treaties under the discretionary control of each one of the powers who may have signed them; the result of which would be the entire destruction of treaties in their essence. For, whereas, their whole object is to bind Powers to one another, and for this purpose each one of the Powers surrenders a portion of its free agency. By the doctrine and proceedings How In question, one of the parties, in its separate and Individual capacity, brings back the entire subject into its own contro! and remains bound only to itself accordingly. Prince Gortschakof has announced tn those de- spatches the intention of Russia to continue to ob- serve certain of the provisions of the treaty. How- ever satisfactory this may be in itself, it 18 obyi- ously an expression of the free will of that Power, which it might at any time alter or withdraw; and in this it is open to the same objec- tions as the other portions ef the commu- nication, because it implies the right of Russia to annul the treaty on the ground of allegations of which she constitutes herself the only judge, The question, therefore, arises, not whether any desire expressed by Russia ought to be carefully examined in a friendly spirit by the consignatary Powers, but whether they are to accept from her the announce. ment that, by her own act, without any con- sent from them, sho has released nherseif from a solem covenant? I need scarcely say that her Majesty’a government have received this eommuntcation with deep regret, because it opens a discussion which might unsettle the cordial understanding {t has been their earnest endeavor to matutain with the Russian Empire, and for the above mentioned reasons it is impossible for her Majesty’s government to give any sanction on their part te the course announced, by Prince Gortschakem If instead of such ade- claration the Russian government had adaressed her Mojesty’s government and the other Powers who are parties to the treaty of 1856, and had proposed for consideration with them whether enything has occurred which could be heid to amount to an in- fraction of the treaty, or whether there is anything in the terms which, from altered circumstances, presses with undue severity upon Ruasta, or which in the course uf events had become unnecessary for the safe protection of Turkey, her Maiesty’s govern. | ment would not have refused to examine the question in conjunction with the co-aignatoriest o the treaty, whatever might have beon the result of such com- munications, and a risk of fulure comp!ications and | & very dangerous precedent as to the validity of in- ternational obligations would have been avoided. Tam, dc, GRANVILLE, P.S8.—You will read and give a copy of this des- Patch to Prince Gortschakor. a Recall of Britiss War Vessole from Forelsu ServiceHome Concentration of the Flecte— War Regarded as Inevitable. Lonpon, Nov. 16, 1870. The Lords of the Admiralty have despatched orders to the commanders of the diferent naval stations abroad, recalling to England the war vew sels now serving under their respective flags. Alarge concentration of war ships has been ef- fected at Portsmouth, and very great activity 1s being manifested in the naval depots of the king- dom, It is rumored that a sritish Neet will be despatched to the Mediterranean immediately. A GENERAL WAR IMMINENT. A European war atan early day is regarded as Inevitable in tho best informed circles. You may Test assured that a rupture will take place between England and Russa, and that Prussia isin close alll- ance with Russia against the remainder of Earope— at least the great Powers remaining outside, In the meanwhile extraordinary aotivity prevails atthe Admiralty. Orders have been gives to man, arm and prepare the entire fleet, the work to go on day and night at Portsmouth, Devonport, Spithead THE PUBLIC FEELING IN ENGLAND. Earl Granville’s Note and the Support of Continental AllicePrussin’s Determination Net Known—Odo Russell’s Mission to Bis- marck—Great Activity for War. LONDON, Nov. 16, 1870, There has been great excitement, but no panic to-day, over the Russian news, in the Stock Ex- change and elsewhere. The same Russian step has been 80 long expected that the public was partly prepared for it. It is the form and peremptoriness of Russla’s declaration which have created sur- prise, rather than the demand itself, Notwithstanding the warlike tone of the London Times this morning great aoubt was felt whether the English government would repel Russian pre- tensions to abrogate by her own act the treaty of 1856. The Times was believed to be attempting to take the reins of ¢he government, as in 1854; but all doubt will be dispelled to-merrow by the publica- tion of Earl Granvillo's reply. The views expressed in this note are shared in and will be supported by Austria, France and Italy, each of which sends a reply substantially identical, and will follow the same line Qf policy. This aad all which follows I Prussi attitude remains nnknown, or, at least, the English Foreign Office is unable to satisfy itseit what declaration may be expected from Prussia, Odo Russell’s mission was to exchange direct com- munications with Count Von Bismarck; but Mr. Russell, when last heard from, had reached no fur- ther than Sedan, having, by General Burnside’s ad- vie, sought % gome to Versailles, via Bel- glum, At Sedan he was buying horses and a carriage to proceed on hig jour ney. The communications with the other governments have been free and cordial; there is nothing like a talk about war; but the English Cabi- net is In No mood to be deterred by the prospect of @ collision, in whicb, however, it does not believe, There Js nobody who says that England will not, in any case, go to war. Both here, and perhaps till more in the continental Cabinets, a sense of the im- Possibility Of permitUng an open dictation by Rus sia 1s uppermost. Four mr Gaye. 9% 9go Slee) gireular was un- known a ‘at the American n Legation ¢ ‘at St. Petersburg. PUBLIC CANVASS AGAINST THB RUSSIAN POSITION. The London 7imes, in its editorial remarks on the subject of the Eastern question and the posi- tion of Russia, bespeaks “diagust and indignation” for the Russian circular of Gortschakom. ENGLISH OFFICIAL OPINION—RUSSIA OBEYS MANI- FEST DESTINY—CERTAIN OF KVENTUAL SUCCESS— DANGER IN THE MOVEMENT, A correspondent to- day had @ conversation with a member of her Majesty's government concerning the intentions of the administration in regard to the demand of Russia In the matter of the Paris treaty, This gentleman said:— In point of fact, Russia asks nothing unreasonable; nothing that we should be unwilling to concede. It is useless to fight against destiny. Russia is cer- tain ultimately to accomplish all her designs. Why should we, by endeavoring to thwart her, involve ourselves ina disastrous conflict? However, not- withstanding Russia evidently counts on the pecu- iar situation of Europe at this moment as securing her a single handed fight with Turkey, it 1s by no means certain that such a confiict would result in a Russian triumph. Turkey 18 not weak. Her railways have been con- structed with a view to defence, and they add greatly to her strategic advantages, Her army is capable of extraordinary deeds of valoy and en- durance. Her fleet, although not so numerous, Is more powerful than that of Rusela. The army ot Russia to-day numbers 425,000 men on paper, They are poorly armed and Imperfectly equipped. Russia is not yet 1eady for war, nor will she be for two years, AN ENGLISH “CRY” AGAINST RUSSIA. @ The whole London press to-morrow morning will open a cry against Russia, appealing to the govern- ment to declare war if she persists in her demande, The feeling in the city is intense and the excite. ment almost unprecedented. The government finds itself pressed ferward toan attitude which it had not designed at first to assume, This feciing is 80 strong that the government is convinced that it is unsafe to resist Ite art 'Grauville's Teply to ‘Sotaniakets cireular Is temperate, but firm, declaring that the persisténce of Russia’s demands must end in war, FINANCIAL DEPRESSION. Fall in Stocks on the London ’Change, LonnDoN, Nov. 16, 1870. Stocks and securitics of all kinds are lower this morning, and the markets are flat, in view of the crisis on the Eastern question, There fs much uneasiness In all ctreles, as weil as the monetary, “Remarkable” Decline in Continental Securi- ties. Lonvon, Nov. 16—Evening. There has been aremarkable decline in the prices of ali Continental securities at the Exchange to- day, In view of threatened couplicaitous arising from ihe ern question, URUSSELS, Nov, 1b—}. M. The Wie et aon of Russia causes a panic ! w mo ney circles jy Vienna OOOO NOVEMBER 17, 1870. | | \ BISMAR( KS POLICY, How the Prussian Premier Feels Towards Treaty of 1856—No Secret wih Russia. e Negotlation LONDON, Novy, 16, 1870, Lord Russell has informed Granville that Bismarck Says that Prussia has not been and will not bea party to the abrogation of the treaty of 1856 by Russia; that Gortschakof’s circular took Bismarck by sur- prise, and that no secret understanding existe be- tween Prossia and Russia. Bismarck's protestations are recetved with in- credulity by the beat informed circles here. VIEW OF TUE FRENCH . REPUBLIC. Avengemont on England—Cabinet Inditfer- ence. Tours, Nov. 16, 1870, The French journals treat England’s anxicty on the eubject of Russta’s renunciation of the Paris treaty as ‘‘a just return for her indifference to the sufferings of her former ally.’? The government here seems to give no attention to the incident, AUSTRIA EXCITED, Gortwchakof Policy the Maln Subject o Discussion—Anxlery of an Alliance Against Russia, LONDON, Nov. 16, 1870. The London Times has & special telegram this Morning from Vienna confirming the accounts al- ready received of the excitement in that city grow ing out of the attitude of Kussia, @ Prince Gortschako’s tone causes much excite- ment there, The question of an alliance between England, Austria, Italy and Turkey 1s discussed an all hands, Austria Prepared to Take the Field. LONDON, Nov, 16, 1870, Thé Cologne Gazette of the 15th Ist. says that Baron yon Beust, after an interview with the Rus sian Ambassador at Vienna, stated to Lord Bloom- * fleld that Russta had nearly 100,000 troops near the Turkish frontier; and that Austria was perfectly pre pared to take the fleld if England would give her consent, AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN SENTIMENT, Russia a Violator of Treaty Engagements, London, Noy, 16, 1870, The Austrian and Hungarian journals unanl- mously denounce Russia for her proposed violation of solemn treaty obligations, ITALY ALARMED. Popular Anxiety in Florence, FLORENOR, Nov. 16, 1970, Russia’s repudiation of the Paris treaty of 1356 causes Intense anxiety here, Report of the Great Powerw? Alliance Agauinat Russia. BRUSSELS, Nov. 16, 1870, ‘The Independance Belge of this morning bas a telegram from Vienna, dated last evening, an- nouncing that England, Turkey, Austria and Italy have agreed to preserve a common attitude toward Russia. A collective note to that effect is preparing at Vienna. THE NEWS IN HOLLAND. Auisterdam Report of the Sudden Action of the Czar, AMSTERDAM, Nov. 16, 1879, ntuo Handetsttad thi Hbsning Publishes » London telegram to the effect that a British feet Is prepar- ing. Its object has been announcea at Vienna and Florence, The same paper says the Sultan was not consulted by Russia touching the contemplated revision of the Paris treaty of 1866, but was advised that Russia had demanded it, PRUSSIAN OPINION, The Treaty Shonld be Modified Immediately, LONDON, Nov. 16, 1870, The Berlin Correspondenz (semi-oMeial) regrets that the Powers do not hasten to consider the pro- priety of modifying the treaty of 1856, ACTIVITY IN RUISIAL Concentration of the Russian Army—The Re- serves Called In~Arming Rapidly. Lonpos, Nov. 16, 1870, A letter from Warsaw, dated the 8th, says:—The reserves of the Russian army for some time past have been secretly called in, The command was not given in the usual open manner, but secretly to the chiefs of the districts. The army contracts for breadstuffs is twice as large for 1871 ag for the last year.” The manufacture of arms in all the foundries is proceeding with uninterrupted energy. The Russian Navy Excrelsing at Cronstndt. LONDON, Nov. 16, 1870, The Russian feet is being constantly exercised in the use of new cannon at Cronstadt, MILITARY STRENGTH OF THE BELLIGERENTS, The Numbers, Armament and Discipline of the Opposing Forces. It seems now almost inevitable that nearly all the important Powers of Europe, anxiously and ear- nestly as. hen fh pie eae to avoid sae drawn He RS ran 34% ue Teed ie Tor t eeeraail ion 3 national honor and the maintenance * = biood-stained myth of a “balance of power,” to gird on their armor and take an active part in the fray. Hitherte the war has been aptly described as @ gigantic duel between a couple of military Titans, Now it assumes the deeper interest of a generai and complicated conflict, into which comparatively un- known quantities will enter, and whose issue must be necessarily doubtful, The new parties to the strife may, perhaps, engage in it with so much tho greater obstinacy and determination, from the mere fact that they have exolbited up to the present time so keen a reluctance to resort to the Inst dread arbitrament of battle, Ere yet the clash of fresh armies sounds mournfully across the Adantic, It is well again to review, 80 far as it 18 possible, the military strength of the added actors in the tin and bloody drama of arma, The pos iplom groat Powers on whe Bo Dears to be detlued atic erwise—of the hoard 4 and ¢ ypean wit q Pha la .—TRIPLE SHEET. tude, Russia, with her hordes of Maia ei will #tand shoulder to shoulder with te victorious legions of King William, in return for certain exactly stated spolis of possible victory, Against this formidable combination England, Aus- tria, Italy and Turkey, kuit together by a common fear, and animated by & common Interest, are to offer the fearful protest of armed resistance, taking Into the alliance, a4 @ matter of course, the humilia- ted armies of France, ‘Toestimate the relative strength of these military confederations we must look first at the nominal nd statistical strength of the armies which will Compose them, and then, not without some hest- tancy, endeavor to fairly state their real and actual importance, ENGLAND. England’s piace in this awful struggle will be al- most purely naval. Herarmy at the best has never Possessed any great numerical value, and the vast extent of ber colonial territories and ihe smoulder- ing disaffection of alarge part of her population effectually cripples her military strength, Mr. King- lake has shown that at no time during the Crimean war had she more than 60,000 men in the fleld, and she had the greatest diMiculty to maintain even such @ picayune force as that. In the coming War, which will be a severer, sterner and more ter- rible battle for dear life, she will doubtless make grander efforts and sublimer sacrifices; but, even though she strain every nerve, it is barely possible that her contribution in men to the alliance can reach 150,000, These treops will doubtless form @ splendid auxiliary army. They will be per- fectly disciplined, well armed with breech- loaders, and ofMfcered by a fair sprink- ling of men of military genius, such as Sir Robert Napier, and by a numerous remainder of Gallant, reckless, daredevil gentlemanly blockheads, who will be at least, ready to cheerfully die at the head of their regiments, Nominally, at present, the English army musters 204,600 men, and only one in every 1,950 is @ raw recruit, contrasung in this latter respect very fuvorably with every other Euronean Power. In the Russian army the percentage of re- cruits {8 one in 600; in the Prussian army (before the war), One in 301; in the Austrian army, one tn 406; in the Turkish army, one in 1,000 In every branch of war matériel the English army 18 at least abreast of the other Powers, and any- thing that industry or money can do to secure its further eflciency will be done. From England, go far as military aid 1s concerned, every thing may be hoped for except men, and these can only, from the exigencies of her position, be sup- plied in extremely limited numbers, Turning to the nayal arm of her power, however, it is certain that she can in this respect be indeed a heipful member of the alliance. She now possesses at least forty-tive or fifty tron-clads, varying in ton- nage from 900 to 6,000 tons, and in spite of the recent sad experience of unseaworthiness of the model upon which many of these are bulit, as shown by the disaster to the Captain, there can be little doubt that the body of the feet is in condition to do some hard and useful work. Her wooden fleet is, of course, mach larger, but the improvements in modern warfare render them only useful as subsidi- ary to the iron-clads. They woul, however, be very valuable in protecting English coumerce trom te attacks of hostile privateers, FRAN ‘The present condition of France supplies, perhaps, more conspicuously than anything else an example of the folly of relying Coo much on peace and paper estimates of milliary strength, Before the com mencement of the present war her military strength was believed to be certainly equal, aud probably infinitely supertor, to that of her arch rival. But the shock of actual con- fiict has seattered her forces in utter rout, What ber previa value a3 a combatant may be it 1s Imposslbie to tell and is, Pernaps, foolish to guess, But if the interposition of her’ probable new allies can only succeed in aifording her a brief breathing spell, im which to collect her resources for the sec- ond act of this dreadful drama, she may yet show a atrength that will surprise those- who now regard her with feelings of pity or per. haps even contempg, Already there are signs of returning vigor among her people, and soon the whole country, inspired by the traditions of past glovy, willbe awake to the duties and the exigencies of the hour. Money and time—these can easily be given her by the ald of frieudly interfer. ence, and these will enable her to spring from the present degradation of shameful defeat, It would be idle, howeyer, to estimate tn figures her avatilable military resources; we can only be certain of the fact that that she has abundant strength, if the op. portunity is given her to collect it, and if a fair degree of energy bo evinced by the government to whom she has confided the care of her honor and mgs pad e pther soil. | he reich navy, Towever, as yet unhafmed in the present war, ts still very formidable, and may, perhaps, play an important part in the coming strife, Its estimated strength is 585 vessels, of which thirty-seven are tron-clads and fifteen floating batteries, There are more than a hundred screw and nearly two hundred paddiewheel steamers of all classes, The navy is in the most per- fect state of efficiency, well manned, well oficered and amply farnished witha the latest improved ‘al war material, In any conflict that assumed a naval form it could not fail to play euous part, and it 13 justly rated as only in strength to that of England. AUSTRIA, after France, will probably furnish the largest propor- tion of human hostile automata—living food for pow- der, And from all sides there comes an unvarying re- port that she has well weighed the ons of Sadowa and the Austro-Prussian war of 1866, She has since those terrible disasters busily employed herself in stilling the antagonism of we various races tiat compose her population, and by her unceasing attention to the grievances of her Hungarian and Polish citizens has largely succeed Never before has her empire been so compactly and closely welded tegether; never have her people been so uniformly and unt- versally patriotic to the threne, Then the new army Jaw of December 5, 1868, has now had fair time to get its machinery into good and reliable working order, The actual standing army In 1869 was, how- ever, only 278,740 men, and, though probably 1b has sore been augmented, it does not now ex¢ 000 men. Provision has been made, a vie to the new Jaw, for raising it by levies of a fore ‘dentical in character with the Prussian landwehr to 800,000 men, but the figures are not likely to be reached except on paper. Five hundred thousand men are the very utmost that can be placed in the fleld as an offensive force, In drill and discipline these troops are said to be vastly Improved since they last vainly encountered the Prussians, and of late all officers entering the army have been subjected to a rigid and searching examination, so that though a great number of numskulls still no doubt hamper its efficiency it 19 In a vastly superior condition to what it was a few years ago. It must not be overlooked, however, that the rank and file are grossly ignorant, and if there be any truth in the principle, which many persons believe to have been finally estavlished by our own war, that educated soldiers are better than mere fighting macnines, the Austrian army 1s certainly much weaker in this Pir a than the Prussian. In the war of vet oh. ot 492,689 men, onl, 64,530 to “write, and = thiS Birhe melancholy intellectual darkness still pre- vails to nearly the same extent, As a naval Power Austria bas, of course, no standing whatever, in spite of per Fee nauttcal yictory In 1866 over thé Rois jad RE Valuitiond. Her fleet Dumbers but a few ships, and she possesses searcely any men likely to make geod use of such resources as she has, ITALY, the next Power In Importance among the reported allics, like Austria, took warning by the war of 1866, and has elnce diligently endeay- oread to improve her military strength, not so much im the number as in the eM. ciency of her forees, The government, however, has been cramped for pecuniary resources by the obstinacy of the opposition, and though the new law of 1869 allowed the maintenance of a standing army of 400,000 men, with @ reserve of another 200,000, the war expenditure was limited to an amount that allowed only about 175,000 to be actually kept in readiness for hestiities, On paper exactl 4 Italy hag $95,000 niga, but {a fact hey troops de not possessions in facilities of internal communication, and her troops, scattered from one end of the land to the other, patient and energetic labor. ported to be very badly armed; only ten per cont of the men ure equipped with breech-loaders, same infertority prevalls lu every branch of their een certainly exceed 180,000, These are pretty well armed, manufacture, but Jax, and the officers are by no means avery highly cultured class of men. If she were amply su) mostly with breech-loaders of the diserpline is Engl with money from without there ig lite doubt Italy could muster an army of nearly 400,000 but a great part of them would be, of course, ra levies, TURKEY, the last Power in the alliance, and according to gen eral public opinion the weakest, will very surprise both her friends and her enemies & display of unexpected strength, in the Crimean war her troops & gallantry that proved them the possible raw material, Since that time foreign cers have been constantly employed in imparte Ing a stricter form of discipline and infusing a higher morate into her forces, Then the army itsel§ has beeu largely increased, ayd it now numa bers probably at least 300,000 men. Uf 50,000 axe quartered in remote regions of th empire, from which it would be dangerous to the Guthority of the Porte te remove them, while 1q would probably take at least three monthd to bring them up to the field of baty tle. The ‘Turkish navy is now also @& formidable force, and it 18 commanded by an Eng lish admiral. It numbers at least fifty ships, twelve of wiitch are iron-clada, built in Engiand upon very geod models, The army, it should be remembered, Js armed almost exclusively with American breech loading rifles, THB OPPOSING CONFEDERATION consists only of Prussia and Russia, The strengt of the former has been proved by the pending strug- gle. But it is pretty certain that her veteran troops have been pretty weil exhausted in tha present war, aud the discipiime and mo- vale of the army if very inferior to what it was before the outbreak of hostilities, Im @ fresh confitct it is by no means certain that the aimy would display the same energy and vigor. The war with France has been a defensive war im thoory, though 1a fact tt has assumed an offensive character, Still none of the armies opposed to her will be equal to her in military qualities, and she, will doubtless prove herself not ummindful of the victories she has already achieved, Even now, at the close of a bloody campaign, she hag stili 800,000 men under arms—not on paper, but in reality. RUSSIA has endeavored to conceal her weakness during tha past two monvus by the simple but effectual methods of silence and secrecy. On paper sne has an army of nearly a million and a half of men; but, in tact, she has certainly not half that number, and even of these tt t# stated by some authorities that it would take her at least three months to concentrate 3:0,00> men on her frontier, and a further two months to concentrate 200,000 more; but we may, perhaps, fairly rate her offensive strength at 69,000. The great trouble with the Russian army is the extreme diMculty of mobilizing i. Her vast are as yet miserably deficient ain only be gathered together by months of Tue army ts also re- And the war materiel. THE GRAND TOTALS. Ilaving thus briefly and cursorily run over tho estimated strength of the coatending Powers we arrive at rough grand totals, as follows:—Prussia, 800,000; Russia, 600,000—total, 1,400,000. kngland, 150,000; France, 659,000; Italy, 850,000; Austria, 509,000; ‘Turkey, 300,000—total, 1,959,000, But in such @ contest as ts now threatened - MANY OTHER ELEMENTS besides those of meré military strength will count as imporiant factors. In spite of the disparity of num- bers, Russia and Prussia, if other things were equal, might triumph from the superior eace with which thetr forces can be controlled. A partnership of two is infinitely less likely to be disturbed by internal divisions than a partnership of five, But then, on the other hand, where are the funds, the sinews of war, to come from te suppert these two formidable Powers Ina prolonged struggle against nearly the entire remainder of civilized Europe. Eugland and France have hitberte been the bankers of the whole world, and 16 would be impossible to estimate how large a share of the capital of the worid lies in their hands, Ina short, briliiant ana decisive struggle, Prussia and Russia might perhaps hold their owa, or even achieve decisive victories, But If the sire be prolonged the wealth of the parties engage:t more than anything else must goveru its resu!t, vROM RaYPT, another probable or rather possible actor ja the dvama, we have yet to hear, Reports nave been current for years that the Czar and the Khedive have been Intriguing against Turkey. Will the Viceroy loyally adhere to bis lege suzerain in the present coufliet, or will he boldiy strike out for independence ? He 13 by no means a contempuble element in s0 severe a strife, On oc- casion he can put into the fleld at least 100,000 men, well urilied, well armed and oMcered by foreigner bred to arms, including among the rest a namber of Americans. He has had certainly to give up his iron-clads to the Sultan, and im event of his being opposed to England would have great dificnlty in procuring a fresh naval armament. The next few days, however, will probably definitely tell us upon which side he has made up his mind fo range tim. self. MARINE DISASTER. ision of Schooners OF PoruundSteamer Misniag. PorTLAND, A6., Nov. 16, 1879. On Tuesday night the schooner Albert, from St, Andrews, N. B. for Boston, ABA the schooner Oregon, from Boston to Rockland, collided of Portland Light. The Albert had her port bow badly stove and received other damage: she With water, bue being lumber laden did not sink. The Gregon lost her jibboom and some fore rigging. Both schooners were towed into harbor to-da, Nothing has been heard of the steamer Chase, of the Halifax Mine, up to midnight to-nigue, BASE BALL NOTES. The Junior’ Convention. The annual meeting of the National Association of Junior Base Ball Players was held last evening at Tammany Hall, Wim, IL Kelly, preatdent, in the chatr, The following officers were ejected for the ensuing year:—President, Alex. Wangh, Silver Star Base Ball Club, of New York, Vice Presidents—Mr. Rappelyea, Enterprise, of Jersey City; M. J. Dillon, Confidence, of New Rochelle; H. J. Bicknell, Dirigo, of Augusta, Me.; EB. M. Sanger, Unique, of Orange, New Jersey. Treasurer—Frank A. 0. Donnel, Fly- away, of New York. Xecording Secretary—Wum. H. Clegg, Chelsea, of Brooklyn. Correspond- ing Secretary—S. W. Pearvon, Putnam, ot roy, N. Y. Financtal Secretary—Joseph Higgins, Unton Star, of New York. Sergeant-at-Arms—Wm. Dougiass, Ethan Allen, of Arlington, Vermont. Mr. O'Donnell, the treasurer, made the following re- Balanee on hand, baie 1. Receipts... . pe . Balance on hand, Received, Noveniver 10, for feea. Total cash on hand. . A letter was received froin Mayor Hall, expressing his regrets at belng unable to be pi le The National (Senior) Association will meet ip this city on Weanesday, the 30th instant. = CROOKLYN'S WILE Bergeman Convicted Last Night. The trial of Charles A. B. Bergeman for suborna- tion of perjury In Raving procured the perjary of Emanuel Goldstein and Jehn Heyman, who signed their names as witnesses to & bugus will of John Philip Browne, of East New York, was concluded last night in the Brooklyn ity Court. Tho bogus will was made by one Otto Arnous at the Instance of one Hildebrand, who was im- plicated with Bergeman in tho Job, and in accord- ance Wilh Its terms all the property leit by deceased was bequeathed to Hildebrand’s wife. Armous made $100 by the job. Bergeman got Heyman and Goldstein to appear before the Surrogate ag wit: nesses te the will, The jary remalned out about five hours, at the expiration of vhich time they retarned with @ verdict convicting the prisoner, who wag re manded for sentence. Motion for arrest of Judgment will be made og Wednesgay ugXtq 4