The New York Herald Newspaper, October 30, 1870, Page 6

4 DIAMONDS IN AFRICA puuuueeorene ree ee he Diamond Fields of the Cape of ‘Good Hope---How They are Worked and the Yield. Plamonds of Forty-eight and Sixteen Catats H and Dinmonds of Two, Five and Six Carats, Bush to tho Fields and How Tuey Find the Gems. SCENES AND INCIBENTS AND LUCKY MEN, Geological Dxposition of the Aggre- gation of Diamonds. By the English matl at this port we have our files Trom the coast of Afitca, dated at Cape of Good Hope to the 27th of August. The journals supply ample details of the history and yield and mode of working 0! the diamond flelds of the colony. The exhibit 1 of quite an interesting and really exciting character, We present the most promiment features of the report to our readers to-day. Diamonds in Bulk. {From the Cape Town Argus, August 27.) The latest news from Graham's ‘town comes by hh. 1g Was received neve yesterday, aud reads utzhoom arrived at Graham's Towa last bvening. He has three diamonds—the largest of two carats, He leit the camp on the 16th. He confirms the Matemeat avout the large diamond of sixty-two carats. Lt was foucd on Wwe loth by Mr, De Villiers, Beveral other stones—oue of twelve carais, one of Ix, one of five, and dowuwards—iound on the same day, ite met sixty-nine wagons on the road, The Hrdiug of the forty-eight carat stone near Fauresm.tn 1s confirmed, History of the Diamond Ficlds, [From the Caje Town Argus, August 27.] Were abie this morning to do what we have long desired, namely, to place before our readers a full and reaabic account, compiled from various fources, NOL merely of Lhe successes at the Viamond Pielus, but of tue disapporitwent experienced by feveral, While the jormaate Tew tnd their forty and sixty-curat diamonus, the unfortunave many Work like siayes lor weeks, and even months, and then, in disgust, some retire from the laud of promised Wouith pourer than when they arrived. o the greai jottery tuere are rich prizes, bul there gre aiso Many blanks, A CAPE 4OWN DIGGER’S LrTTEn. KULippRirtr, August 17, 1870, According to promise, 1 will give you a full, true, and [hope au interesting account of the diamond fields aud tay @oings tuere. 1 arrivet here July 20, and having pitched our tent we set to work imme- dietely, by waking cradies, long Loms, and other Sy paratus necessary for the finding of ‘the arucies 0 much coveted by ‘lustful mau.” Having each picked our pick and shovel (excuse the pun), and chosen our cluim, we began in real earnest, 4 used to sayin Cape Town, If you recolieci, that Il had never in my life done a tard day’s work. ‘The like 1 Cau never sa) aan, for 1 can assure you, my dear , aud you may Leheve me, Wat no navvy ever worked harder. Up every moruing at daybreak and on Ww my claim; work there with pick and shovel and crow-Yur Uil about hull-past ten, then have breakiast; ater which go down to the river and Wash, a8 we call it. Now J Will try to explain the modus operan.’. in the first place the ground ts got out, and in the getting out of that siones have to be removed, sometiines twohundred pounds weight, No one to help you; you must doit orleaveit. When youhave @ heap out, of say ten Scotch ca tloads, it is sieved. At Lirst tis Was done in common round corn-sieves, but ——, the Yuukee, who you knew in Cape Town, has invented a machine by which we can concen- trate Len toads inte four in about two hours. This is Wha. is called and christened by me the “Yankee baby.” Tue whole ts slung with a strap on Ww a frame, consisting Of four uprights, aad bind- ers holding it iogetner. The ground ts thrown by one mau on Oa sicve, The rocking of the sieves causes tie gravel and sand to pass through the meshes—abour one inch square—and the large stones ure turow: om at the pout. After passing through the sieve the gravel and sand are caught on a slid- tng board and csnducted over anower sieve, which is made oi tne corn sieving. The rocking causes all the sand to pass rough @ sieve, and all tae gravel, ready jor Washing, 13 ejected without u Single Jarge stoue or particle of sand, ais latter pottion is ridden down Ja scotch carta to the banks of the Vaai, Where it is passed trough the cradie, Dor’t laugh, old Jetiow, at my description; but tn ibe aope of ils belug lutevesting I give you fall par- beulars, The ground ts thrown Into a sieve into which water Is eit jubived OF poured m with pucaéts, Wuen Clear enous Uirough the water and rocking 0a roccers, the top sieve is Laken out and a sieve, consisting 0: prerced iron, Zinc or tin, witu holes, 18 then rougtly washed (veimg the most important). When wasiced it 1s thrown out on a table to be sorted, and at tis tbr ol us, my brother-la-law, Mr, ——, i - , eit down to work from about twelve o'c, noon, til six o'clock in the evening. Phree of us, With harl work, can tura out about three loads of stited stuffim that time; but we are quick sorers, and Some men, With two sorters, can only do une joad a day. Weil, you will naturally ask, what success have you had? 1 have worked hard’a month and found @ Little, but not half enough to pay expenses, Every day there are about wimty to fity found, some of great value; but if all the stones found were to be divided among all the diggera equally, noone would have paid expenses, I write this with two eb,ects—first, to give you the fafor- mation, and, secondly, that you may spread it abroad, to prevent any young man from giving up a surety lor a decided uucertanty. It 1s just like a Jottery; Mf you are lucky you draw a pr opposite you lose all, We are going to leave this week, ubout Wednesday, not because the life ts not good—-1 never was jolie. in my lile- but because we ure not paying expenses. A stunning place, old ‘NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, OUTUBER 30, :a70.-QUADRUPLE SHEET. Littenfela large amount of £11, money ip wi the led that aa Aipermrny ‘hich are wen oe ene pea; acter of the tn those regions. 4 which was arti he at once redeemed. His brotuer’s farm, similarly encumbered, he like- wiso med. He gave a handsome donation to the char perish wiin which he was con- nected, and wita the rematuder ot his unexpected wealth be stocked his own iarm more pleutifully and Improved its cultivation, and still continued the even tenor of his simple styie of living, untempted by extravagance on the one hand or dissipation on the otuer, What the Newspapers Report. Having given the news received in private letters, We next put before the reader that published in our exchanges, We give first that published at BLOBMFONTSIN. The Friend, received on Thuraday, gives the fol- lowing iuterest.ng particulars:—On daturday, the Kev. ). G, Croghan, and Messrs, Shaw and Chumpin, arrived per passenger Cart from the diggings; 0a Moaday, Mr. 1. Holmes, of Novitgedachi, Kulir river, in this district returned per horse wagon from thence; and on Tuesday, the Bosnol poss cart—with Mi, Milloa, o: this town, gud Mr. Fanuia, frou Natal, us passeagers—put 1a an appearance, From these sources we gaiher that the grvat Inajority of the diggers @re satished with ther Pivspects; that the number of mon now on the helds (licluding whitey and blacks) exceeds J,0v0; tiat they ure. being apporuoaed in order to mect tue requirements of tuose Who age about to bud siores, &c.; Uhat gens are pioxed up ually, bul owl to ge reticence oi the diggers, Wao dread 4 ‘rasa’ Upon the immediate viciully of thelr claims, itis didicuit to arrive at anythlag approaching a just ap- proXimation Of their numMver, Uist the. scene Of kido- Tado 48 Indescribabie, the busile aud ue being ut- terly ustounding to an Aimeauder; that Ghops aud canleeus, aud all descripuious ol mercuaudise apouud, and that Mr, Unger, (ue Hamburg wiamond rchant, has added his wstiuouy vo that of Mr, Qu aud ter competent autuoriiies, aad pro- nounced the Canpbeil geounis to be the richest Kuown diamondii¢rous region in tue uuiverse, Mr. Tuomas Hounes, of Noviteducitt, speaks of the diggings in the jnost enutuusiastic terms, The trip taiiherward seems Wo have dove b.m an immen- sily of good. He aiways bore lus years gay; but siuce he bas Witnessed ine “wouderiul dolags’” in the Campbell grouads he nas cast of a deceunyum, aud 100ks as gay aud spriglly asa young wan of thirty. When we conversed with him he had three dia- Mmonds—imaznificeat little gems; one of them Trosted—iu his waistcoat pucket, ‘Theso stones Weie disutierred by tus son Charles’ party during nis (Mr. JiOluzes’) taree days’ Sojoura ou tue bauks ofthe Vaul. He says he never before saw men Work With such a Wid, and tat even the niggers there do not reqaie the application of the “sjambok” to dissipale thelr lulerent laziness. Waites and biacks, Europeans and Aincanders, all alike labor cheerfully, coutiuuously, aud energeti- caliy. ‘ihe scene of operations covers such au ex- pansive tract of country, that it look Mr. Holmes two days to tind some of ‘iis iriends; and several, whom he knew to be at the digzings, he could not aiscover atall, He saya there are sBoven or eight bats on tue river, coustanuly plyiag to and fro; and that, in the Words of the immortal Shakspeare— from camp to camp ‘Tog hum of elther army stilly sounds. It ig mant-estiy impossible for us te chronicle even a tithe ef we “finds.” in California aad Australia such a thiug Was never atteupticd. It was only when an iudividual found a nugget of extraordinary Bize that a {Us3 was made ti the puvlic journals, And so it will be with our Goivonda; alter a timo only stones of more than average weight will be paraded in the newspapers. We like, Lowever, to record the successes of ouc townsmen; Consequently We Cannot resist stating that ve parcy of wir. Jacob Raat, Jr., found a diamord the ower day, and sold it on the fields for £13), So far ihe Friend contents itselfwith a mere narra- tive of tacts. Jt next sinks into the dismals at the pro- spective desolation of Bioguoatein, and then breaks Torih into cestacies aud propuetics touching tue fast iising glories of the Alrican Goleonda:—The Dig- gings, however, to us. au expressive vulgarism, “playing the Dickens” with Bioeméoatein. town 1s leraily deserted. Mere than haif of our oilcials are absent on duty, Most of our men ot business, mechanics, laborers, &c., are nun est; and ali our loafers and ne r-uo-weels lave gone la quest of “fresh feids and pastures new."? HE VAUKESMITH DIGGINGS—A FIFTY-CARAT DIA- MOND FOUND, From this locality, which is about 100 miles away from the Vaal, and of cousiderably dierent geolo- vical structure, tue reports continue mosi tavora- bie. ihe following from tue # dead 1s the lateat:— ‘The Fauresmita post arrived this morning, and by it we have received the three following communi- cations, all dated the 161b instant, respecting the above iarge diaunond:— Letrer No, 1.—Just a line to tell you that this morn- ing Barend de Klerk, residing on the larm Jagers- lontein, Clese to this town, disenterred a diamond of Iifty carats, at the depth of six feet. The sioue I have seen; it 18 tuliof flaws, Hat and ugly. When looking at it on one side, you would thiuk it was a piece of broken glass, Great excitement was caused in town when Barend Visser brought the stone in for us to see. Every one wants to go and dig on the farm, bat as yet Gert V.sser will not give lis con- sent. Next saturday ! hear there is to be a meeting of the Visser family in town to discuss Vae matter abour allowing outstders to dig. Lerrer NO, 2,—it 13 wiih grea. pleasure that I have to imiorim you that Mr, ve Klerg, Sea., exhumed a large diamond this moruing, on the farm Jagersion- teiu, avout six mules from Fauresimiti. ‘Thts stone wus Weighed in my presence just now, and bal- anced forty-eight carats, It is the iargest diamond 1 have yet seen, but Is by No means a pretty stone, be- ing irregular aud rather flat, it is a tacit, however, thit diamonds aye plentifui on the above 1arm— no Jess than fifteen having now been discovered within a narrow compa:s, and all this with- out tne appliancesof cradles, long-toms, &c. The proprietress of the farm, Mrs, tue widow Visser, does not, however, intend to throw the digging open to public ~Compeultion, the members of the Visser lamliy Leing at present the only privileged diggers, The above diamond Was dislodged, at the depth of six leet, by a chance blow witha pickaxe. A farm, jor which £1,600 was given some six months ago, was Uuils morning offered to the lucky finder of the above gein in exchange, but refused. LETTER No. r. Burend Visser, of Venduttekop, Just now brought into town a (diamond, exhumed at Jagersiontein—a jarm about five miles from town— by a “Bywoonder” of Mrs. Vieser,3, one De Klerk. The stone was examined and weighed by Dr. Nesbe; it proved to be a good diamond, but, unfortunately, much fawed, and weighing a hitie over forty-eigat carats. This isthe fifteenth diamond found on the place—thirteen eu the survace and twounder. Not bad, considering the very little trouble the people on the farm have put themselycs to. Up to now the proprietor has peremptory refused to accede to every application from partes to dig. THE SCENE ON THE VAAT. The following graphic picture 1s given by one of the correspondents of the #riend:— DIAMOND FreLps (Klipdrift), Angust 13, 1870, The government here ts as follows:—The Counce of Twelve, with the President (or @ quorum of tive, with the head), sits as, and 18 called “the Diggers? Executive.” from the magisirate’s court (one of the Council taking it in turn, officiates every day as magistrate, with the secreiary in attendance) are a fellow; neaily all Engushmen, and about 1,000. A billiard table making about one hundred pounds u day, and everycung equal to Cape Town. THE BRIGHT SIDE OF THE viCrU. Having thus given the dark sive of tue picture, and merely remarking, in selt-defence, that we of Ue newspapers publish what 18 sent to us, or what par n we find in oti 4upers, We How put before our readers sumeth dinerent, and for which we are indebted (o the Kindness of a gentleman in tais cits who made the extract from @ letter received by h irom the Free State thus:— ng y to have at nd see whether { cannot Gud such @ piace on my own One of the farmers ou Jagerstoateiv pickea up & dia- jon Tuesday, for which be recused Dye, ss rue, that dally diamonds axe being picked up all over the Free state, Several other letiers have been recelved in town trou tue diggings, and their contents, 80 far as they 2 of ue interest, communicated to ug, for ich we have to thank those who brought or sent tiem to our oflice. One of the letters alluded to 3 trom t Ug Man Heintjes to bis mother, It will be remembered that in a previous issue we ennoun Vat be had found diamonds which sold tor £500. Since then, he now writes to he found several ‘smali stones, and he has sod for £220. His brother has aiso been successful, but to what extent is not woeatioued. We learn aso from bis letter that three orfour parties who had becn digging for several Monvis liad leit the flelds to despair, not having nade even their Working expenses. A Mr. Paul de Villiers Writes Lo Some@relatives in town to say that he bas been working for six weeks and has found weyen diamonds, but their value he does not state. Mr. Jesup bas receiyed a letter from his sou, who Bays tal the firet day he went to work he found a diamond, and that tue day afterwards Mr. MeDonald, Who works wil him, jound another. In the same letter reference is made to several small diamouds found by Mr, Rieketts, and the price given for the large one discovered some time ago is said to bave deen £2,700. Several partics who met with little, if @uy success, have returned to villages on the bor- der, and hope to make more by attending to the wants of traveliers than they could by searching for diamonds, From some letiers we have seen we learn that among the arrivals at the fields were a umber of feiniles whose character is questionable, DIFFICULTIES ON THE ROAD. Some ot the letters received in town from places on the road to tie felis describe the sad mishaps which have befailen inexperienced travellers to tie diggings. Dying cattle, vroken wheels and other anistortunes try tae te.oper and test the resources of the neophytes, ‘fhe town bred clerk or shopkeeper appreciates for the first time the eujoyment of look- ing for his animaisin the tieid.. Nevertheless, here asin Ausiralia and Caltiornia, the ‘mother’s dar- lings” show their pinck and manhood by cheerfally submitting to such dimeuities a3 they cannot over- come, From aii wecin le: tue youth of tis country, Whether at the fleids or on the road, bear themseives bravely through thei hardships, suow- Ing that whea tried ie Africander is not found wanting. WORTHY OF WIS LUCK. Dean Merriman, in the course of his sermon in St. Georges, Cape Town, on Sunday morning, inciden- tally, and by way of il.ustrating the sutgect in hand, le reference to the diamond fields, and mentioned the following interesting fact:—The first eminently Buccessful diamond finder on the Vaal—the farmer ‘who possessed the gem which has made South Atrica famous, and who obiamed for tt trom the Messrs, brougit in appeal befere them. Four consiables, including a sergeant, the former at a saiary of five pounds and the latter at four pounds each per month, are in constant attendance on either the bx- ecutive Council or magistrate’s court. The namber who have actually signed the rules on this (Klip- driit) side at this moment is 1,133; but I do not hesi- tate to say—and a milltary gentieman bears me out in the statement—that there are not less than 8,000 men On this side and 2,000 on the Pulel grounds. At Hiebron, I have been informed on good authority, there are not less than 500 men. it is one of the most beautiiul sights in the world, and certainly unparalleled in the history of South Africa, to stand On one of the maay hills about here aad Witness the scene of bustle and life around you, beneath you, and as far as the eye can reach. I have seen a Boor commando of thousands moving in dis- order; bat it 1s not hke that, What can I compare ittoy Ants at work? Yes, You see them crossing, mixing and moving about in the same indiscrimi- nate manner; yet each finds his way, and tnere 1s method and system in the apparent disorder, At night thousands of lgnts are reflected in the really clear water of the misnamed Vaal river, while the air reverderates with the music of different bands, ‘The we!l known Vos, of bioemfontein, figures con- spicuously tn that line, and his band of musicians really perform woll. Five or six boats are continnally traversing the river, and at nigit you can mark their courses by the lanterns at their prows. Sanger & Company are doing an immense trade. I was told that the day mf ned opened the table was golng the enure nigt Mr. Joel Myers, from Port Elizabeth, brought a portable iron siore with him, packed with goods, some four or five loads. He had no: opeued for more than two or tiree days ere he rai short of pals articles of which he had brought a large sup- ply. Bat it is impossible to give you an adequate idea of the place—the scene, GRAHAM'S TOWN. «Inthe Journal we tind the following from Mr. T. Clongh:— DIAMOND FIELDS, August 2, 1870, You will excuse me not writing last posi, but I thought Lwould walt tili we had given the Kowle Harbor Works a fair trial, for if any one in Graham's ‘Town wishes to try a little pick and spaae work send them up here, Talk about convict labor; it 1s nothing te it, We get up here about sunrise, work till tea o'clock at ihe diggings, come home and break- fast, then go down to the river, wash and sort, till five, when we come home and dine. But I am happy to tell you that our hard iabor has been re- warded by the finding of two diamonds, about one carat each, valued at seven pounds each—not very large. but some encouragement to work on, We have finished working one claim and begun another; washed two loads out of the first, but without suc- cess. ‘The latter we found the diamonds in, so in- tend working it out sharp. The first claim lies very low; I have not much faith init. The latter ison a Tise, So ¥e intend taking a claim still bigier up, if Ave can possibly get it. Lots of oiamonds are being found every day; one this morning of forty-three and @ nali carats; but itis not valued at mucn, as it bas a crack in it and a great many flaws. Some unfortapate individuals have been working for three Inonths Without success. I am sure you will con- gratulate us on our success, ior we have only been properly at work a*week, aad in that time made two washing machines besides. ORAAFFREINT. In the Friend we Ang the following:— lope TOWN, Auguat 11, 1870, The number of white persous at the Diamond F men, women and onitdren, may be dally estimated at about 4,00) souls, They are pretty ually divided on each side of tho vant river. Pos ly the 10 ay may havo pitched their tents upon the Paice te stream, Commandant Parkor ‘was elect ‘resident of tie new repubilo On Satur- day, July 3), and an executive council was chosen, avout one-third of whom are supposed to have [reo state sympathies, ‘The Presideut gave a bail the game evouing. President Pretorius, of the ‘iraus- Vaal, arrived at the diggings on Monday, A! 1, ‘and was received by Presideat Parker. On day he signed the rules aud took oul a claim, which he is now e.g: in working, He 13 accompanied by Mr. Procs, ‘Tne feeling of the English portion of the diggers is atrongly in favor of annexation to the Transvaal, should chetr liberues and tree work! gy of the utamondiferous territory be Couceded them. Numbeis of dia noads ure round dally, Success More equally distribuied than ts goneratly supposed, the fortunate having made far lesa than the sums quoted in the newspapers, while the less fortunate have only worked, as a rule, for afew months, ‘he idea that ¢ amonds aro large and scarce on the ‘Transvaal aide of the river, and Dumerous but small on the Pniei side, nay possloly Origa from the de- Mand of twenty-iive per cent upon all gems dis- covered on (he miss.on grounds. A diainoud of four aud throe-quarter carats was found thece on tue sd instant by a Mr. Jacobs. Climate is as yet remarkably healthy. Dr, Robert- son, of Fauresinith, and Messrs, Kagle and Foster, the latter from Jacobsdal, ae the present medical pracnsoners. Food abundant and cheap. Splendid undies of forage lor 18.; 8.icep, 74. 61. aad upwards; macal, about £2 68. per wuld, at 88. per botile. The story of two thousand American em'grants— ridiculed by the writer vi *What Folks Say’’)—is in all probability suvstanually true, Ordinary Caltfor- nian clunate and average Californian success are not to be compared with the prospects presented by the douth African diamond fle.ds, Numbers of unsuc- cessful goid-diggers are only too ready to welcome & sLuiar and more hopeful occupation in another hemisphere. Tue authority for tus statement ts Bi.a- seli a quondam Caliloraian digger of no ordinary intelligence and perseverance, The findings of Mr, Green, Civil Commissioner of Colesberg, are much exaggerated. Me would giadly Much beer consumed exchange a'l for a good diamoud of five carats. Hond the diamond merchant, is very popular at the diamond tielus, He has been absent for a little over afortunght, Four hundred diamonds are sald to bo awaluing him waen he returns. ‘Phe reports of the ninety-six carat diamond of the Rolleston party, of that wo th £3),000, of the 300 carat diamond, and of Mr, Houd’s death, all untrus. Tne Vaal is a beautiful river, in a deep.valicy gmong the hills; the water delicious, Six boats ply fom one shore to the otner, the fare being sixpeace ahead, Tenis are mostiy pitched beneath tue io ty trees which line the river's side—at least 89 far as Pniel is concerned, the Jransvaal bank having been long since denu ied of its wood, Boors arriving in strong force every day and settling on tue Puiel side alinost toa man, The dig- gers under President Parker are mostly Englisi. Good order prevails and property 13 singulariy sale. People are too busy and (oo successful to steal. For the last month a flock of tat turkeys have been feed- ing unmoiesied in the most thickly populated part of the fields, While the population of — the Pniel side is sober, steady and has free State sympathies, that over the water 13 nard-working, energeit pieasure-loving and Engilsh, its executive committee 1s busy planning tue erection of a large music hall, and the purchase of a grand piano is under discussion, The billiard room 1s not yet completed. Tue punishment of crime is rough and ready. White men are put across the river; blacks are flogget. Kavirs and other colored me! however, on paying the fees are allowed to work calms of their own. In no place has the present writer seen the sons of Ham more cheerful, active and contented, COLESBURG~A REPORTER IN LUCK. Our special—says the Cape Town Herald—has re- turned from the diggings, and has brought with him eleven diamonds. He will sho. tly return again to resume his duties of correspondent, as also that of diamond seeking. In hs absence another gentic- man will correspond, 80 that our readers will not ve leit without reliable news from the flelds, THE MISSIONARY AND THE DIGGERS. ‘The following letter appears in the same paper:— PNISL DIAMUND FIELDS, Aug. 8, 1870, On Saturday last | was present during an alterca- tion between the Rev. Mr. Kallenberg an¥ Mr. Unger. The guarrei arose through Mr. Kalichberg ordering Mr. Unger oi the Pniel diggings, aad for- bidding him to come on this side to purchase dia- monds, ‘The commencement of the altercation was carried on in the German language; but Mr. Unger, seeing @ large assembly gaticring who were Igaor- ant of the language, told Mr. Kallenberg to speak English, so that those around could understand what they were saying. Mr. Unger sald Mr. Kalien- berg had no right whatever to attempt to stop him from exercising his buiness as a diamond mer- chant; he might as well try to stop the course of the Vaal river, This was a free country and not Germany. Mr. Kallenberg was a missionary, sent here to teach the gospel to the blacks, and not to interfere with his legitimate dealings; and he (mr. Kallenberg) had no right to deal in diamonds. He was certainly the representative of the Beriin Missionary Society, and to that respectable and hon- orable body he would take off bis hat (here Mr. Unger raised his hat resp ctfully); but he doubted very much whether he held credentials from Beriin empowering him to order him off the ground, or to lay the exorbitant charge of twenty-five per cent on all diamonds, which were found only by hard and persevering labor, and at great expense to the searchers. ‘He should think tat five per cent would be a fair and suilicient charge. Mr. Unger further waid that if he commenced to dig he should cer- tainly firstask Mr. Kallenberg to produce the cre- denilals empowering him to charge the fearful rate of twenty-five percen: on all diamonds tound, and that if a Jew in London was to charge such a rate of interest for cash leat Le would be huuted as a cheat and a villain, Mr. Unger was loudly cheered by the whole of the diggers, and Mr. Kallenberg withdrew in confusion. FORT BEAUFORT. The following appeared in the Cape Advocate:— VAAL KIVER DIAMOND FIELDS, } 8, A. Republic, July 31, 1870, It was my intention to have written to you before this concerning this region of South Africa, but I delayed to be able to give you a correct description, and also to lay before the readers of your valuable journal the preparations they should make before undertaking their Journey. arrived at the diamond flelds on the 18th of June, and found about 400 diggers here. Their numbers have now Increased to 1,000, and all working hard. Whea you arrive at the diggings you sign a aocu- ment Cdlied the ‘*Mutual Protective Association;’’ you then pay 2s, 6d., which goes Lo assist those who are not abie to bear the expense of medical attend- ance—such as come to the fleld poor. Next, each,white man is entitled to twenty square feet of ground, and the mode of working 1s as follows:—You dig up your ground, Cart It to the river, where tt awaits washing in a cradle, A cradle is @ box containing two sieves, one coarse, the other fine; the ground is thrown into the sieve; one man throws water into the top sieve and anotier recks away, and so with the fine sieve. The pebbies are then put on @ table, where one man sorts; and so it goes on from morn- ing till night. Diamonds are daily found. When a diamond 13 found, the lucky finder shouts hurrah! and the remainder near him all fock around to have & peep at the valuable gem. it ts true some work ior @ considerable time with- out fading, but eventually they are successful. A man named Ricketts worked six months without finding, but the result was a great success. He found a diamond weighing 26% carats, and was offered some amount over £2,000 for it, I believe he has been the only one who nas worked such a length of time without being successful. He has since found a few small ones.. Another instance I will name, but differing widely from the above. A gentleman named Piessis , from Boshof, in the Free Siate, arrived here on Saturday, the 28d instant, and set to work on Monday, the 26th, and during the week found no Jess than six diamonds. Hanger & Innes’ company, from Bloemfontein, worked abont two months; at the expiration of that me, during one week they Tound three small diamonds; their Kafir found & diamond while picking weighing twenty-nine ca- rats—a beauuful stone, and of the first water. I couid il columns enumerating such instances. The work is hard, from daylight to dark; 1n tue evening the stuff is ridden to the river. J will now describe, for tne information of those who may repair to the diamond fields, the articles necessary for work:—A Scotch cart, picks, shovels (uhey answer much better than tae spade), o light crowbar, @ rake to remove the stone irom the heap of ground, sieves to dry sift the ground at the claim (which we do here, for it saves carting 80 much useless ground to the river), The cradle can be made here. Another thing I would urge—to bring provisions to last during the time they intend tostay. Everything is very dear here—coffee 1s. 6d. per 1b.; sugar 18, per lb.; meal £2 7s. 6d to £2 10s, per bag; meat 18 reasonable—sheep about 168. each: a fat ox £6. Clothing extremely dear; any person coming up would make ready sale of a case of ammunition boots. Above all, parties coming should bring their own boys; the tribes here are Griquas and Korannas, and iazy fellows they ure. They work a day and abscond; and they knowing the stone so well, you run @ great risk ef having your diamonds taken on the quiet. I assert this on account of their working from one to anotner. I intend shortly to proceed to the celony to bring up boys, and make betier preparations for work, DIAMOND NOTES. Oar files from the African coast farntsh the fol- lowing interesting notes and items of the diamond fields :— Mr. Ingram, of King William's Town, nas received 4 letter rom @ Kaffrarian datea a few days aiter his arrival at the fields, in which it 13 stated that he saw no less than sixty-three diamonds, weighing from one fo eight carats each, disinterred during one day. We are informed that a German resident in King William's Town has received by last post an encour- aging letter Irom friend at the diamond fields. ‘This letter was shown to several persons on Satur- day week, one of whom asserts tliat the writer states that he has had the good lusk to find two dmmonds; for one of these he was offered £3,600, and for the other £300, The E. 2, Heraid is informed tuat Mr. John Coxen (sou of Mrv ©, Coxea, of Port Elizabeth), has been fortunate enough to disinter eight or ten diamonds daring his sojourn on the fielas, From a private letter the Somerset Courant learna that Messrs. D. & A. Hockley, who went to the diamond fields, from Philippotis, a short time ago, have found fourteen diamonds—all smail. Mr. Lucas, who arrived at Oradock, from the fields, gives a very flattering account of recent suc- cesses. The Free Press has been permitted to take the fol- lowing extract irom a letter re Mnan iv Queen's Tuwi from & v4 clved by a gentle. rly Working at the Gismond flelds:—“Tnere is work enough here for ail who have pot any business or employmeit; but [ would strongly caution any one and every one from Jeaving a certainty for an uncertainty sach ag that of damond 4. The glowing accounts pub- ltshed and at by returned digers are not to be swallowed without @ good puch of sult.” A correspo.dent to the Cul: Advertiser writes from the field:—“The stres of people entering these a! now ts something surprising. On one day last week it is estimated that 600 arrived, but the was evidently above tho avorag», The yivid of diamonds upon this side of the river, at the old ground, has been but small during the week, but Hebrou is now coming into repute, and many per- sous have gone thither to try their luck, On the Mission grounds a8 many as fifty diamonds have been registered in one day of the past week; but this, consideriug that there are upwards of five hundred diggers at work, and that the diamonds are mostly very small, 13 nothing to boast of. Tha scenes of drunkenness, fighting, &c., are growing daily more frequeut here, as disorderly characters accdmulate.’” A tetter received from Hope Town at Port Eliza- beth, written by a gentieman who hid just arrived frou the diamond felis, states:—'Digzings exiend two miles on each side of the Vaal river, aud the iuimense number of tents, wooden houses, &¢., ives the place @ very imposing appearance. A diamond of five carots picked up close 10 Liupe Town, Search being mae tur others, If successtul, Lope Town Wl svon be @ large place.” Mr, Dreyfus, Port E izabeth, bas received a letter advising Bun that Pace of fifty-nine dlamouds, valued ut £4,000, will be forwarded to tim for ship- ment to Engiaud by frat trustworthy opportunity, A letter received at Port Elzabeta states that George E:ton had a picked up @ diamond valued at £350, aud Mr Inaes, of Bioeuilontein, ove valued at le, Dunn & Co., Port Elizabeth, have received a jew diamouds, and Messrs, Lippert are expecting a parcet of nineiy-one, of which tuey were wivised by pe: The K, W. favored with th» following extract from a private lewter received yesterday by Mr, James Ayild, trom Mr. H. J, Halse, of Aliwal North:—“1 have just re- celved a note irom Mr. Sheppard, of Smunield, who says:—'l hive just seen a clergyman who returned from the dlamoad diggings by Ute post cart of this day. He says, as he Lott, an eagrmous diauoad of the length of two joiurs of tne index fuger waa found; that £9,000 was offered in casi for it, bur re- fused, three times tbat auouat being its estimated value,’ ? A private letter received in Graham’s Town states that Mr, Lawrence, Jr., has eecured seven diamonds; their value is not stated, Messrs. L. Lippert & Co., Port Elizabeth, have recelv.d @ paci containing thirty-two dlumonds. Many of then are very beautiful gems. One is & large diamond weighing 1744 carats, but some of the small stones have @ more briliiaut appearance. Al- tozether it is a very fine lot aud well worth seeing. All the farmers at Tyumie, Kaffraria, with two ex- ceptions, are gif to the diamond feids, y post of the 26th August intelligence was re- ceived at Graiam’s Towu from Mr. Swutles, formeriy in Mr. J. Ayluif’'s employ, of a favorable character. He had succeded in getting two d amoads, one six carats, the other two and one-half carats, Chap- man’s party had not added anything to thelr two diamonds, Ext act from a letter:—“I may mention that when P. went to the diamond felds tv look at iv only—he was there a day and two nighis—he picked uy two smail diamonds, value twenty pounds aud two pounds steriing.”? A private lever, dated August 14, states that dur- Ing the tn receding days theve had been fifty- tree, seventy and ifty diamonds picked up upon the Free State side, These were ail registered, so that there can be no doubt as to the currectness of the statement. We—Somerset Courant—have been informed by a gentleman just returned from the diggings that there ure how oVer 5,00 peuple ou the ground. Diamonds, he says, are picked up every day, numbering be- tween forty and tifty, which come to light, but firmly believes that many more are found daily which are kept secret, ‘This gentleman showed usa diamond picked up by himself, a perfect beauty, exceedingly Tegularin shape, He aiso brought samples of over curious stones with him, He turtuer informs us that the river has been narrowed at least forty teet from the washinzs on either s.de, by the sand or gravel deposited, Very lucrative businesses are carried on in various ways at the diggings. A you;h who works & boat on the river has taken a3 mucii as £14 tn one day Jor ferrying peopie across at the rate of sixpence each. The same reliable iniormant con- '. Gazette says:—We have been kindly firms the current report about the 52's carat dia- mond found by Mr. de Vuliers, for which he nas been Offered £9,000, A gentieman writing from Fauresmith under date 19th August, 1570, says:—It will not be necessary for me to go to the diamond ficl:ls, as I have just heard of a diamond mine (which is a fact) on the ing farm to mine (called Jagersfontein), and I thtend geingover to-day to have @ look at the nature of tne soil and see whether I canuot find such a place on my own farm. adjoin- On of the farmers on Jagersiontein icked up a diamonioa Tuesday for which he re- ‘used £2,500, 1t1s strange, but nevertueless true, that dally diamonds are being picked up ail over the ree State. ‘The following is an extract from a letter received in Cape Town:—*“ I take the present chance to let you know how things are going on in these parts. First, as to diamonds; they are being turned up daily. 1 beiueve I told you in my last about the 20% carat one that we got; since that we have got another of 2 carats. got one of 16 carats, sold for £300; one of 11 carats, sold for £350 (first water); » one of 2934 carats, value £2,700; mine valued at £2,600, and sent to Europe. These are daily occurrences of parties, and we have arrivals of ten or twelve wagons duily.”’ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, Geology of the Dinmondiferous Tracts of South Airica, by Dr. John Shaw, Coles. berg. {From the Cape Monthly Magazine.) THE MIDDLE VAAL REGION. In the month of February, 1869, my friend W. B, Chalmers, Esq., Civil Commissioner and Resident Magistrate of Clauwilllam, published in the @ra- han’s Town Journol svaustics of the various dia- monds (80 far as I remember, 121) which had come under ni3 notice when he was Civil Co umissioner of Hope Town. About the same time I had the privi- lege of publishing, through the columns of the same aper, un account of the geological structure of the Voat region along the lino where diamonas were found, Both articles were called forth by Mr. James Gregory's denial of the veritability of the dis- covery of diamonds, on various grounds, mainly geological and mineralogical, after a journey of ex- ploraion in the region. Since that time the finds of surface diamonds wave increased, the stretch of country supposed to be diamondiferous has extended, and at the present moment systematic digging and washing for diamonds are being carried on with an enthusiasm Which success alone can have created, by upwards of one thousand white men in different parts Bus Aa Vaal region, but principally at Klipdrift, near Pniel. ‘ When one sums up the whole history of the dia- mondiferous tracts, and goes back to the gloriously providential accident which brought the first dia- mond through varying fortunes, nearly tour years ago, into the hands of Dr. Atherstone, of Graham’s Town (& gentleman 80 Worthily associated with the natural history of South Airica), we cannot but with pride state that our colony has the full honor of the grand discovery, and that she owes nothing to the enterprise and Knowledge of the various emissaries who have come to the country as investi. Ugators and prospective uppropriators. We hope, therefore, that our governmeut Will see that tne col- onists of South Africa may have their individual rights conserved and recognized as far as possible; that they may enjoy the fu.l benefit of @ discovery, which seems to have turned up at the necessitous moment to resuscitate our failing prosperity—a dis- covery with which the colunists themselves have been identifed from the very bs eee In the month of December, 1869, published in the South African Magazine a “Noie” on the geology of the Vaal, as far as I had then investigated its banks. 1am now ina position to give a mure complete account from fur- ther observations made during my vacation in the month of July last. J find 1 have nothing to modify in that notice; for up the whole course of the Vaal to Hebron, where the hall-caste squatter Barend Bloem’s tribe 18 located, there 1s the same general development of trappean, metamorphic anu con- glomerate rocks. 1 shall have occasion to show that the suriace soil 1s different in various parts; but in rd to the geological structure there 18 evidence, ‘wherever diamonds have been found, of the charac- ter which I have now stated. In the ‘Note’! I said that I had found granite in the form of nodules in a trap conglomerated water-worn boulder in the bed ot the Vaal. Nowhere could I then discover any granite formation; nor indeed was I able to trace the boulder in question to its source. have, how- ever, sacceeded at last in finding a trap conglomerate almost a breecia) on the Pnicl side of the Ktipdrilt iggings, and this rock has mainly imbedded to it granite tragments, some, too, of considerable 8ize, none of which are, however, very apparently water- ‘worn. I detected no pure granite formation, but syen- ite is, however, developed extensively, and seems to ‘be the base of the whole system of rocks at Klipdrift. A very singular rock appears In the shape of tsola- ted boulders on the summits of kopjes, and espe- cially of the celebrated Old Kopje. ‘This I take to be graphic granite (binary granite), or what Dana would call granlite, consisting solely of quartz and large crystals of felspar. Above the syenite 18 the trap conglomerate in some places; in others are amygdaloids; aad, protruding through these again, basalt, assuming everywhere the hexagonal struc- ture, and arising up in some Ppa into insulated and compacted columns. The bisalt forms the features of the lamdscave, and as far as eye can see you have an uninteresting anc unpicturesque repe- tition pf trapean kopjes. In some of tue kopjes there are the remains ‘of stratified srocks—clay slates, gandstone, cnalk (or something very like 1)—which are evidently the Jast vestiges of & vast series of sedimentary strata, which formerly covered the whole present contour; but have gradually given way to denudation ana cataclysm, leaving the monumental basalt, Which was infused inte them moulded there. Seat 13 the character of the present rock sysiem at Klipdrift, and with afew additions (mainly su- percumbent) of the whole roc series of the Vaal. On the summit of the kopjes, and, as @ matter of course, in the crevices between the basaltic boule ders, 1s an alluvial gravel. In this are jound the diamonds, and on the surface some huve been found—indicators, as im the Old Kopje of Kipdrif:, of the wealth beneath. The pebbles of sandstone, quartzite, crystalline sandstone, granite, ciay slate, agate, peridot, tourmaline, iron pyrites, garnet, gar~ pet suinel, &c.. WHIGR COMpose this OlluvlUM, are all roundedly polished and water worn, and are hodded at kliparitt ia @ brownish, fatty earth. The question 18, whether this alluviam is lately or ul. tumately such, Did the majority of the exist the form of a couglomerate, from the alluvium of a former age? ur the Kobjes at no very late perio | been the bed of therivert It is my opinion that the water-worn gravel has been un- der tue lufiuences of rum water prior to the last ‘reat changes which formed the present jandscape, The greater number of the the water-worn pebbles and boulders are of the basait of the kopje:. Many of them are a crystalline sandstone similar to that which I nave already de- seribed as Wine above the basultic hummocks at Sit- lacomie’s village. Others are water-worn fragments of clay slate, sandstone, &c., of the sedimeatary rocks Which sttilexist in the kopjes. The agates, tourmaline, peridot and garnets are undoubtedly from some supe:cumbent conglomerate sandstone which has yielded to denudation, and no longer ex- ists at Kiipdrift, and also toa considerable extent rom the amygdaloidal trap everywhere prevalent, Thave in my possession from the Vaal a single frag- ment of red sindstone containing garnets, but | have hot succeeded in tracing this to its s/urce. It tiere- fore will be sumMcientiy apparent that there must have existed at a remote geviogical period a series of metamorphic aud sedimentary rick, which lay above the present rock system of the region; and that, through successive disturbances and persistent deuudadon, these have been worn away, forming in great part the alluvial soli of the pre-ent surface, In some favored spots remnants of this series still exist, as tu the cliy slaty, crystalline sandstone and conglomerate sandstone of Sitiacomie’s village; in the Luin layers Of clay slate, sandstone, micaceous saud-toue of some oi the Kopjes now worked ford mounds, and generally tu the fragments ot sedunen- tary rocks scattered over the sur.uce slung the Whole Vaal valiey. Jam decidedly Inclined to think that the diamonds have not been washed down from some higher re gion, shall have occasion to show in another aru- ¢ @ that the iree stale possesses an independent dia- woudilerous centre, and that ihe:e no river has ex- isied ut any time, for theve Is no evidence of water- wearing, and the soil is not ailuvial, Diamonds have been discovered two hours’ distance from Potciel- stroom, aud all down the Vaai to its junction with the O.ange river, and thence to ten hours’ distance below Hope Town, This is a sctrewh of at least 500 mues, 1 believe that the diamonds buve come ‘rom Sone rock which may have now vanished, but which existed jormerly throughout the whole region. I shall, however, Geter. 9 full, discussion of Uns ques- tion to my secoad paper. ‘In conciuding ab present I bave to make some observations oa the position of the gravelly sail which 1s now veing wasicd for dia mouds, The old diggers (and, of course, ther opinion 18 genersily followed) are in favor of the summits of kop,es, ihey have tested this bellei (ur, rather, torined it) from their experieuce of the old kupje. How can it be ex- Nepies that the sull 18 ailuvial, and yet deposited lar above the influences of the river?’ For two or three miles inland (I did uot investigate beyond this) there 1s everywhere on the heigats, moreover, the same deposit. ‘There are certatu facts whica en- able me to point ovt the geologicai history of thess kopjes, The suminits are ail basal. ‘This has been protruded through the amygdatoidal and conglo.ne- Fate traps, At @ subsequent period, however, there must have been another elevat.on, for the blocks and columus radiate from @ centic, so that the crevices are wedge-shaped or expanding outwards to the surface. Th.s subsequent upheaval was eyl- dently Dut simulixneous througnout the whole region, but successive, and therefore the bed of the stream was changed from place to place. ‘The present bed of the Vaal cannot be an oid one, and the whole suriace of the country, as far | as the alluvial gail exiends, was at diferent previous times unuer the weart: nd breaking iiuences of the river, Granting, then, a series of rocks such as we have described undergoing water wearing by the Gnclent Vaal, which, by intermittent and successive Upheavals, Was compelled continually to change its course, and the presence of aluvial gravel ou the Summits of kopjes far and wide 1s easily explained. inthe hollows no gravel is apparent, because a thick covering of saad, the accumulations of pre- sent denudation, Iles over the gravel. Diggers do not Care to undertake the labor of carrying of Uns surface sand at present, In time this will be done, and 1am convinced there will be found then more diainonds than on the kopjes, And when the day comes that the bed of the stream will be searched by dedectns the water in canals through the m.ny fats which abound in the vailey of the Vua!, a supe- Tior dlamondiierous gravel will be worked. From all, indeed, I saw, and for the reasons I have now advanced, ar diamond mining of Sout Africa 18 only trifling in comparison to what it shoud and will ultimately be. MILITARY CHiT-CHAT. ‘There is a great deal that is farcical about our an- nual inspections. Everybody wio knows anything about them knows they can be improved upon, but only by holding every oficer in the remotest way connected with them responsible personally for the proper fulfilment of his duties. It is always a very disagreeable thing even to intimate that any of our officers of militia fau to do what is right and just in the line of their duty, but sneh 1s often the case in the matter of inspecttons, ‘The mulitary code prescribes very concisely what the duty of every captain of a militia company is in re- gard to the general inspection and master of his company, and also furnishes the penalties he incurs should he make a false muster. Yet evidence has been lodged at headquarters of the First division, itis said, showing conclusively that the inspection of ceriain regiments in the division was carried on in @ Way that 18 very reprehensible, to use a very mild term. In the case of one regiment in particular, if there ever should be made a test question of the subject, it 1s alleged that tnére will be found witnesses to testliy how men in the ranks were ailowed to auswer to the names of en who Were absent, and how members of other regiments Were mustered in certain companies under assumed names. It is to be hoped that General Shaler will look into this matter, and, if the rumors that are flying about prove true, that cnarges be preferred against the guilty parties. Last year a most fagrant case of false muster was made public in the HERALD, in which 1t was cleariy proven that a captain of infantry haa wilfally mustered, as one oi his company, a inember of another regiment; buat ‘the thing was hushed up jor fear of the scandal. If the militia Is to retain Its good name frauds snould not be tolerated either in tis company organizations or ita annual inspections. A regiment can never gain anything by encouraging dishonorable actions On the part of its oficers. if there be one thing more than another which field officers of the National Guard should be taught, it is riding on horseback. The ridiculous show even our cavalry oficers, who are supposed to study riding as ove of their princi. dal duties, make every public parade day ought of liself vo make the establishment of a riding school for field officers a subject of serious thought with the State administration. A few months of regular in- struction would have the effect of lessening tne many accidents which occur on field days to untor- tunaies who ca.’t stick to their saddles, The inspections show tuat the Seventh regiment is still the largest in point of numbers of any command in the National Guard. 1. nuinbers a grand total of 804 men. It, however, had only 635 men present at its inspection. The Ninth comes next in order of strength, having a grand total of 767 men, althoagh it inspected 636 men presont—thus overreaching the Seventh by oneman, The Seventh in 1861 numbered 919 and $71 in 18s9. The Ninth in 1869 numbered 444 only, showing an increase of 323, this increase being a greater number than was pre- gent at the inspection last year, The Seveuty-first regiment, since the Thirty- seventh was merged wiih 1t, begins to look like Its old self again. All this command wanted some tne ago was good officers, a d the men have seen their want in some instances and have acted accordingly. The induction of a little Seventh’ regiment element ie re board of officers has done an immense deal of good. The constant hammering of the HeraLp at the present style of muskets carried by the militia regiments has at last had ita effect. The Ninth and Seventh have purchased Remiugwn breech loaders on their own account, trusting in the good sense of the State government, which will be the gainer by the thing, to refund the outlay they will incur, Otner regiments will soon follow their example. This isdecidedy a good move in the right direction. With the new, musket the Natiousl Guard will be @ formidabie berrier to riots. With the old muskets they now have they stand as good a chance of shooting themselves around corners as their opponents would of getting hit at clear range at short distance, What about that parade ground at the Central Park? Governor Hoifman has promised to give the subject his attention durifig the coming session of the Legislature, and it remains to be seen whether or not the samo bugbear that kilied the project last year will knock it in the head this year. Itis rather a poor compili- ment the authorities pay the Firsc division tn com- polling it to go allthe way to Prospect Park every ime & division review is required. Why should Kings county be anead of New York? At is the intention of certain gentlemen in this city to get up a colored militia regiment, The enterprise has been started in the Eighta ward. The question 1s how will it become a pari pf the National Guard? Who is the individual who Will take the first step to get it in the First division? LAWYERESSES IN Court.—Dropping into the court room the other day we were strack with the unusual decorum prevailing within the hallowed precincts, wherein his Honor Judge Brown presives and dis- penses impartial fustice to all applicants. We oo- served fewer boot soles resting upon tables and rall- ings and less lounging in uncouth attitudes than usual, while we remarked an unwonte spruceness of attire nnd evidence of more than ordinary atten- tion to thelr back hair on the part of sundry of the younger members of the bar, like our friends Cross and Warner. Looking around for the cause of this altered aspect of affairs, we soon discovered it in the person of a charming young lady, who ec- cupied a chair within the bar, and was watching the progress of a case with a3 much interest as any of the legal gentlemen present; indeed, it is our opinion that she gave it closer atteaiion than aid some of the younger attorneys already alluaed to, whose eyes Would occasionally go astray. Upon in- quiry, we learned that the young lady, whose name is Miss Aita M. Hulett, 1s pursuing @ regular course of legal study with Messrs. Lathrop & Bulley, with view to fit herselt for the practice of the law. she 1s a young ludy of more than ordinary personal at- tractions, bright amd prepossessing i appearance, and evidently 1 earnest in her purpose to acquire & prolesslon. Rockford LiL) Raaisiar. Ob dep ART NOTES. Architectare—New York Chapter ef the American Institute ef Architects. . In view of several ingenious architectural mon- Strosities which disfgure the streets of our metre Polls, 1b 1s pleasant to reflect that there are instita- tions for the correction of such errors, and the future development of this very inportant art, Many of our largest bulidings are, unhappily, pro- portionately bad, and would give the idea that they had been designed and drawn by the square yard, as some considerable reduction for wholesale dealers, Infaat a3 the country yet is in fine arts and masthetics, too much cannot be asked, With our rapid progress in commercial gue- cess, however, we have a right to expect something, but tuey are really developed with a speed not alto gether in proportion to that which characterizes the increase of our tirdty, headlong spirit of money making and rapld disposition of health, happiness audilie, The American Institute of Architects has existed some tweive yours, aud has made a very Teasouable advance owing to the energy and labora of some well Knowa wenvers of tie provession, I¢ has for its laudanle objects the union “in fellowship of the architects of this country, and tue combina. ton of tieir edoris, so ag Co promote the artistic, scientific: and practical eMcieucy of the profes- si0u,”’ ‘hese vljecls are wo be accomplished by “reguiatr mecungs of the members for the discussion of — subjects of protvssional Mn portance:—Lhe reading vl essays; lectures upon topics of Keneral inieresi; a Scuou Lor the eaucatioa 1 architects; exiuilions of arcutiectural drawings; a horary; a cullestiou Of desizas und woddis, a May vluer mcaus Calculated to prouiule the objects Ol itis Inscitute.’ ‘ae New yors Chapter dates back omy so.us two o¢ tires Years, Utuers are established in Pauadelphta, Baltiinure Bad Ulicago, ‘THe wuuuai eXMvLUuOn OF Lid CRapter Of Unis Clly Wad hed at tue rooms Ne, vey Broaiway oa Tuesday evenlug last. ‘There was nettuer the quantity noe Variety of work gue hud reasuu to expect irom tue Dames of the members, 4. Would seen inai, comprising some of the most Well-powa aud ilemied urcavects, the exibition Mighthave vesn belies. EVeu as it was, the work exulbiied Was very greatly tu vue credit of che In- stitute. A Well unisied aud excelleat plan for the Presb, terlan Uosjital vu Madison avenue, also one for the Thevlogicul Buildtags at New Haven, and drawing Jor a 1own stat were among the mor rounneat producuous, A number ol very excele but diawiugs were vy Mr. kK, M. tut. ‘the Chap. Ger hus tie nucieus oF @ good library, consisting al. weady of & uumber Of Vaiuab.e wud well selected Worss, among Wich we wuouced the fing eitoa of Canma, A humber of gentle. mea of well Kuown puvlic spirt and good tase have contrivuted ty tue Cuapter Wao fave Thus Deen Constituced Honvrary members, The Nas Of pracusing weuvers Couprises many names which are alrea y Well known vy tue proois We see uround Us Of their talent aud aviity. Well conducted and varied O., a3 10 hus beea before, tue Lustituve wil be os yreas benedlt iu the Cause OF art in our country; for, as tue did 1s great sn & Country a8 NeW as oura, aud where tue demaud ivr tas buildings, buch paplie aud privace, is dally lucreas.ug, 1 1 mest Decdiul @ud iuportaut that uose occupying sach @ Held suuuld be Inga of talent wud Weil 1astrucved to guide aud cullivate tie taste, as Well as Lo Ake thelr own tortunes. Artists’ Studios, WILLIAM HAKT, Mr. Hart has about completed a large and impor tant piciure, which is tu be sent to the exhibition to be hoklen at Chicago, and whose loss we cannot but regret. It 1s entitled the LAST GLOW, and the view 13 one of tose wondrous scenes on the Hudson, taken from one of the old manorial estates undesecrated by the ruthless hand of Fashion or Turtft. There Nature has had time and opportunity to disperse ner peeriess scenes and show her lovers what she might be, The artist has represented that quiet and repose which pervade a landscape a& evenfull, wil the latest warm sunlight veiling the whole scene, The work as a whole is thut of an artist, It has the interest and sympathy such @ scene cannot fail to inspire. A grand old group of trees 1s made the central point of interest, round which the painter has clustered the various elements of his picture. Simple and majestic tn their natural beauty, they present a mass as varied and harmont- ous in celor ag they are elegant and symmetrical inform, Their hues, gieaminz in the sunlight or darkening in the shadows, are soft and brililaut, yet modulated, Some cattle in the fore round give & Certuln summation to the scene tenout loo much wvsorbing the interest or die tracting tie atteution. In the disiauce one catenes @ glimpse of the blue river, too blue, it Would seem, were It not for the yellow evening light, wiueh, like a Vail and crowning idea of the painting, f js the landscape. ‘fhe primary idea of the piclure ts evi- deutly less the exact portraiiure of Nacure as she is tnan her aspect under certaia circumstances, or one Might take some exception at the g.owmg, brillant color. 1t 18 somewhat couventional ove feels, yet so beaurifully, skiifully rendered that one torgets the beaten track and the rather too emphatic color ing = tue real beauty of Nature as translated in tae wor! itis not simply & quantity of well drawn and well painted trees, u good sky, a well arranged fore- vround and background, all accidentally brought together on one cauvas. There ig the unity of design—there is the relauion of harmony or con- trast of fact to fact, One can go below the effect and see the causes whic: have produced resuits, and perceive the knowledge und skill of the arts Who lias well and deeply studied tne mysteries color, It 1s 1 this rendering of the harmony of the whole with its correlative lignis and shades, ita effects modified or heightened, thut Mr. Hatt nag shown a power which one inust tecl, and nich entitles him to a high rank im a school of landscape paintiag which, if equalled, is not surpassed in moderu art. BRICHER. This artist has returued t1om his summer cam- aign, With a number of sketches, creditable alike OLu a3 to their quality aud numver. All artists ara not suificieny caretal to provide themselves with studies to enaole thei to give tue care to the minor points in their paintings which is necessary, Whey are mure apt to Muke a small sketch for a large ptc- ture than a number of accurate studies for caretab work. Mr. Uricher has a number of very pleasing characteristics which only need to be somewuat tem- ed With a bolder, stroager treatment to render is works very exccilent tiroughout. As it is, there is @ very gracefui, poetic feeling in many of his pice tures which has made them already quite popular. In his later sketches we fied much more character and a healthicr, mavlier tone than in some eariier works we remember to liave seen, The work he naa accomplished during the last few months shows that he has dove something more than dreaia away the warm, goiden days of summer. [elas evidenuy been awake and siudyimg with a care and purpose which are evident in the stadivs, ‘bey have also more individuality, though there is even yet, per- haps, a trifle tvo much of the element so pleasing to the young of both sexes, and between which uad simple sentimentality the live of division isapt to be exceedingly narrow. Me has ® painting yet on the easel which possesses many of his most favor- able qualtiies, and gives prouise to be, when com pleted, one of his most thougutful and imporiant work With his goud collection of subjects and the better, more forcible work, we have every reason to expect much that 1s good and something superior. TAIT. The sketches which this artist has made durin his summer rammmes have, If not absolutely the savol of origiuality, something Wiich is really (ar better— the air and Spirit of the woods. One almost fecis In looking over them—the trout fresh from the lake or brook, With the.rinoist, gleaming scaies, iyiny on their verdant beds; the nooks and coves, with thelr trick ling streams and dark greeu mossy spots; the nar- ‘Tow pathways through tangicd boughs end busies— one almost icela the influences of tue spot, the pine- scented air, the stiliness, broken only by tue muslo of the woods, the song of birds or murmur of the stream. They are idyls of the wood. ‘They picture Nature in her actual reality, Taey are iresa, woe and tender. This isa great deal. This care in the study of his detail will explain one of tue charms of this arust, in the bits of nature which are the scenes wherein he places his exquisite groups of fowls and birds, and which always add so much to his paint- ings. BISPITAM. Mr. Bispham has certainly achieved great success in his dashing and churacverisuc groups of animals. 'Phis is especially true of ove of his later painiings — a group of dogs. Taey have all the action and characier of life. They are wed arranged. Too drawing 1s free aud bold, There are few painters im America who seem to have felt the enthusiasm Which inspired a Landseer or a Bonheur, and even they, generaily, Whatever they may have felt, have scarcely given the impression of Leh Ath which muignt be called an inspiration, Mr. Bispham is @ rapid worker und evideatly feels the spirit of hts work. These are two wreat elements of success. He has Already accomplished, ata time when many have scarcely more thau begun, @ Work Which. if still further developed in the same spirit and with the game euergy as have already characterized it, would encourage him in most Nattering Ropes. ANOTHER ENOCH ARDEN CaSE.—Some nineteen or twenty years ago a young couple were married in aneighboring town. ‘They lived happily together jor three or Jour years, during which ¢'me a child was born, when the husband was taken with the “Qalifornia fever’ and left tor the land of gold. ior some time letters were received from hit, but sud- aenly taey ceased to come, and years passed by without a word. Everybudy gave bim up for dead, and the lonely wife was at last constrained to admit that it must be 80, About ten years since sie inar- ried again, and lived with husband No, 2 until last week, When, unexpectedly to ail, husband No, 1 made his appetrance, ad (a Enoch Arden, Bui he didn't go and die much—he just stood up ior bis rights, and the consequence was that the lady in question returned to ber first love, and they have started for Califoraia together, leaving husband No. 2 with @ child which Was bora tn the sevond union. All this was accomplished in an amicablé manner, and the matter remains @ nine days’ wonder ta tha SOWD.— Langer (M6) Whige