The New York Herald Newspaper, May 2, 1870, Page 8

Rt The Egypto-Turkish Question 7 Uxplained, PONSEQUENCES OF AN QUTBREAK, Sketch of All Pacha, the rand Vizier. FRENCH AND ENGLISH RIVALRY. The Power and Action of ‘ G Vive Mundred “Weventy-four Cow very travel jexiged authority upo the Eastern ques- tion. Each man discusses it as the opacity or en- Ughtenment of his mind permits or he follows the bent of his inclinations, @reco-Turkish the political cssay 13 almost sure lo ‘pe biassed in tone, perhaps, on ¢ for ha happy fortunes in being born jn Greece, a Gescondant of the classic people of old, w aphorigiic philosophy and erudition te writer must often have committed to meme Perhaps on the side of the Turk for the love of his tobacco, which is STERN QUESTION. — Russia. Thousand Russians Within Hours of tho Coast of Turkey, TinorL®, April 11, 1970, who comes to the East bo- Tf it is the Hastern question e sile of the Greek, ‘y when ot college. Intoxieallng When inhaled from the Marghtleh, poetical when smoked in the clbougue; forthe love of his ottar of roses whose heivenly per- fame can waft him to Paradise; for love of the Bag- dad Caliphs, Vathek and harem romanc:s. If it is tho Eastern ques: jon Russo-Turkish, here agala there isa wide difference of opinion. The British article writer fulminates with the most choleric explosives; hejregards it obliquely und with suspicion; the pos- sible loss of British ‘Ain, Infiames his prestige in India irritates head, and, while on this topic not all the opiates known in materia medica could sooue him—he is bitten with Russophobia; while, ‘Turk, he salves his conscience with Mnely spun 8 ments—“weaker “balance of power inust be mal party must not be trampled upon ained.” If 1t1s the Egypto-Turkish question, the essayist begins by com- paring himsel! to ap umptre in a prize Hight; 1p mild phrases he writes ubout fair play, and assumes unto himse!f as being conclllatory and the sout of candor. ‘This last ts done in tnflitrated into traae—persuasive, quite opposed essayist says, “Go in, Dgy; “p—n you, whatever ha wins, Engiaad pr Take whichever British journal you pleas: wate.”” and yeu will fina editorial artic! apo’ tt ¢ same spirit which you sec all English articles about free soothing to our vanity, but to our interest. The critical 1 ‘7 Hie hard, Tarke: pens, whichever side re, for the route to Indiais the above words embodied 1n its Rastern question, A good and pleasant thing it is that there 1s such a country as America, where men may learn manners and people wisiom—\ Practical prediieciion about i Without incurring censure or It is the Beye @bsorbs the atte in ere @ mag may give vent to a is grand question § called a traitor, ‘arkish question this thne that ton and soul of Constantinop for the Russo-Lurkisu, thouga great, is quiescent. The Greco-Turkish was disposed of but lately satis- Sactorily to the dignity of the Sublime Porte, and may, therelore, be o hapa a litte corner of it left sinoldi nsidered ay quenched, with per ang. This Egypto-Lurkish question—what is it? ft Might be answered briofy as ig arisen trom Jeuloasy of Ismail Pacha’s progress in European diplomacy, by » lurking fear that sometaing wa about to transpire which might hurt the entirety of the Ottoman empire. ‘To be a jittle more explicit, 14 4g this:—Isinail Pacha, by virtae of special frman ot 1841, which granted to the Jamily of Mehomet All hereditary rule, is ruler ove But though his family has been invesied with the right of hereditary accession to the parted with the right to cal! Keypt his own, viceregal chair the Padichah never Egypt is aprovince of the Ottoman empire, governed by asube Ject prince in the ‘was tle stress lai Mant successes of name of th But so great jd on Sultan Maumoud by the bril- Meneimet All and bis soldier fon, Ibrahim, that the obiigailons imposed upon e Egyptian Viceroy were £0 light tinal, though Viceroy in name yet he was left More of a king, in fact--if we rogard unre- airained license of guthority as kingly—thin any European prince in existen Until lately this condition of titings had endured, agreeably to both Sultan and Viczroy—the former, probably, never having had suficient time or spirit to tuke measures Ww compel his vassal to more implicit submission, the latter fearful of risking his lie and power for 60 small a stake—the shadow of sovereignty—when he aircady enjoyed its power, Moreover, before ihe slate {Uo could be changed, the foreign diguitaries who framed tie consulted, and it we Wonld consent to any treaty of 1s41 were bound to be highly doubtf{al that they ohange or modification of the terms merely to satisfy the puerile vanity of either party. took mavner tliat ecoarts the tnittat he courts, that some Europ houvre, oft | Mediate cx Was liabie io ber to serious com)i hobnobbing earnest desire interview with ih: Mosi un? or Against ali precedent? rkish minigss arms and tro} S rivilege in extending visit. his country? the royal privilege of taxing questions coming lion awoke the \ baths of Vichy toa rense and he lost no time in embarkin guid that the viceregal yacht on this occ tho quickest trip from shove to shore of any If it is true it may be taken as evidence ‘on record, However, 1t the powe was vn then the P a apparently " was given. with was the Vieeroy who and that im so subtile a of Europe at whose visiting were Ol surprise, It Turki; ve, then ing treason within their own tir e the verdict of dQ prompt and ime tof conduct which ultimately leading Meant this close it sovereigns’ — tils part io personal aditional enemy wm & in Barope atic ates to Thm rs 0 wupulous ahi he people? cl t these direct upon his dreams of a:nbi- Iceroy from down repose at the date danger, it is that there was urgent necessity for it. THE REPLY OF THH VICBROY. This is still fresh in the newspaper cplumus. Considering the nature of the questions addressed to him, and the consnmmate irony concaied in them, itis wonderful with what Muency of senti- ment, wiat candor, with what infinite courtesics the Viceroy replica, The reply has on its face the neivelé of a child, and the first feeling of a stranger to the qnestion at issue would be hat of gushing #ymaputhy for the poor, misused Viceroy, aud wide- eyed rurprise that the strong Powers should permit & fractious tyrant to disturb the peace of the world, because of slight breaches of mere etiquette. But the poiltictan at all familiar with the case must admit that, though Abdu Azizi had good grounds to believe that his vassal was slowly fecting his way v0 neurpation and royalty, ter o. Ismail Pasha is a mas- JAvesse; that though apparently ingenaous aud honest, that he is a deep cisaimulator and false. ismail Pacila re} beyond mang; that to deserve thatthe Eg, pices; Wat th his Tnperia! the modific Which fc eine Ministrat my Maw they nad‘ar Shem tw ix iho Mouths of each y neyer before in Joddaus of iand Bair Qdiicalion the prescriptions cu » Larkish 1, Of over ind tuoly they } quoi ‘plied that his ambition lay not of the imperial fir. his edurts were directed mainly the approval of yptian troops in Candia had contribute vowards the pacification of the isle and the main: ce Of the imperial honor; that the privileges (ed at the Sultan’s hands were but for the gen- al Interests of the empire; that the invitations he extended to the Kuro) a the Bultan’s name, f the Snitan, yer Dut given in h Min, 1) i, in fact, often invited them to he mission of Nubay Pasha was at it was With th that the purposes st jon of the complex system of laws 13 in F ed, Which, tthe charges of matad- @ in senselens Quite the reverse, 1, $0 Contented that r governn seembly Of shebkins to legtel et which met during two witure in Eeypt wre g states that 320,000 med 1rom the dasert; Se ae unto vit’ YORE HERALD, “gowbA tice oe apereenrtne yantry; finange and commerce mcrae wrondertutige that the expenses of w the government were with a ane of the ; they were Noeurret indemnifying funigaers Hesause of ‘vexed questions en br gontinually arose, in building railroads re = of 700 miles, in extending telegraph ee cpm “we Massowah and the Soudan, in improv. a i Bork Bald; that the purchase of arears an essels a ea i erciues yee Ae devotion, conch’ is Troperial Majesty and submission to the dictates te. of the Bublime ea (B PORTE. ‘This reply, as mivht have been eoted, satisfied sus ne ivtd quieted the Tears of Hurope, for the Eastern question 13 regarted a9 @ very delicate one, involving infinite consequences of the most soune nature. Had there ben @n outbreak between fre Sultan and the almost oaslvle 0, 8a ae ave ended. can delicve that would have endtq pim. ply with, the destruction of the Viceroy, ina all schemes of autonomy Tox Bag with Graste of a few Eayptlon gente the demolition. of a few for- tresaes and the decimation of the Ep.g; ‘This Pactte solution os the East never be borne ous th fact, It a/.ght possibly invoive Wnglind and France, though |, 18 probanle that tt is premature to hazard the ¢o ture that France was prepared to launch out in a ce of Egypt’ and the possession of the Sues Canal and the sea and land some io India, Russia in might not be stient; she might ect d still f@ the Crimean war while Napoleon [I lived, aad, wowever advantageous such & War would be for her- self, revenge being prey she has in view cannot escape her, Were all the signitary Powers to stand aloof during the con- test where could possibly be the danger to Turkey? ‘Shis question is easy to answer. For “turkey, com- prehendiag & large and widespread empire, Is com- posed largely of remnants of former empires, portions of diferent’ antagonistic races and varied religions, none more fruitful of virulent antagonism then the wide distinction between Christians and Mosiems, Had Baypt actually taxen up arms, wlio would une dertake 0 youch for the submission of the European: Byalets of Bulgaria, of Wallachia, Moldavia, Rouma- nia-Albania and Macedonia, Bosnia and Croatia and Servia and other European provinces, two-thirds of Whose population are either Greeks or Slavonfans? Who would dare sssert that the Greek islands of Caudia had 80 soon forgotten the principles of the revolution which tt maintained but lately; that Syria, with its turbulent and factions races, would yemain quiescent; that the Wahabees, which but a Jew months ago showed signs of revolt, would not nave seized tis cecasion to break out into open war; that Tunis and Tripoli would remain taitiful to their allegiance when their close neighbor was Datiltyg for Independence? Who would undertake to sey that Persia would not seize the opportuuiiy Lo take by force those provinces which she lost afew years ago? Can any one doubt the animosity which Bubsists between the Ohrisiiuns and Mosiewms in Asia Minor? Not only was there a great probability that ali these things might bave happened, but more— Mal the defection of Kgypt wontd have been quickly followed by disaffection tn India, and that when all these distirbances had become of sufficient impor- 0 riots had waxed into armed rebellions, had commenced her jong deferred march # ihe South, conquering and to conquer. ‘There 18 nothing of false augury tn these views. I have Kept within the strictest bounss of posibilities. POWER OF TURKEY. Against this combination of evils what haye the overnment of Turkey to oppose? Candidly Turkey, bY no Means weak, nor Unable to cope with dif. s. A staicsman is at the head of her foreign ‘3 and home government who is aman wel lited to hoid the helm of State even in a danger- ‘that statesman is Ali Pach ing broad eempire, In appear- is rather insignificant, Ina wd of lawyers, clergymen and coliege professors © would pass uunoticed, there being nothing in his ‘ace, manner or bearing to distinguish him from such mien, He bas that Joftys brow ana impressive seriousness witlch belong to stich characters, His evtures are thin, i ‘ive, bearing decidedly the im- press of intellect, with a certain humane and lofiy nature just pereeplible about the eyes. He is one whom at one glance you would instinctively Judge io be aualitied for business, who would do credit to it and engage in it with spirit and sense, Such ts the sraresian in Whose hands alone Turkey’s fare would om woud be left to mould adverse and characters for ihe good of the State, to a hydra-headed rebellion, At his disposal would be an army of 409,000 men, to be despatched to all polats of ihe @: 6, to fight Per sians tn the ast, EF » Sy: 3 and Wababecs se Candioics west, Greeks and Slavonilans north. The Turks are good soldiers, but they are poorly officered. It would be difleuis to match a Tarkish regimeat fa point of robast physique and leaped strength, in good temper and adaptability for the fatigues of a campaign; but the oificers have no mural force, no spirit, no Lulittary ardor, no capability, ho resource; they are spirttiess, lack-lusire eyod— spawn of m T mean the majority of the oMfcers ofthe line regiments. For the life of them they could not intelligibly answer why they were Mussul- meu. For a navy to operate against the sea towns he could despatch a feet of Ofty good vessels, well armed and manned, tweive of which are iwon-clad irigates of the New Lronsides class, carrylug heavy metal, complete in ull the latest Laprovements of naval architecture. But the enemies of Turke would number & dnillion, What could the Turkis: soldier patched into the iteld with but crude ideas of obedience and discipline, effet, especially wider such ofiicers as they have? How much of an army could the Sublime Porte send against the Vice- roy # Nog over 100,000 men at the most. ‘fo meet these Une Viceroy could raise 160,000 soldiers. You would imagine it then a drawn game—100,000 strong Turks | Diustres, On cach opposed to 100,000 muscular Arabs. In physique lucy would be about fle same, in courage also; but stil the palm lies with the Egyptians. ‘They are on their owii soll; they have much petter officers; pos- sess Much higher ideas of their duty. Englishmen and a jew partial Americans may, perhaps, sinile at the latter statement; but 1 cannot forego it, for it is @ bare iact, Nevertheless, Turkey let alone and other races and fragments of races submissive, there need be no doubt that Turkey could conquer Egypt in short time. As it is not within the bounds of possibility that the turbulent and esurient Greeks of Candia aud the European Kyalets or the vindictive Syrian Arabs would remaid quiescent with such splendid opportunities of pean es thelr inde. pendence, it is not ditficult to forcsee the end, CORDIALITY. But Egypt having made the amende honorabdle with such unctuous, soothing phrases, that must have smitten the heart of the Grand Seignior, since he accepted them readily, the firmans being re- established, the Viceroy’s frigate Ibramich and corvettes Musafer and Haire given up to the Porte, the Sullan much getronger in his navy, the Viceroy where le was, the fen Pepe question is con- eldered as settled, and sapient surmise as to its po- litical significance and consequence of a violent s0- lution of it must rest. The Viceroy has returned w his allegiance—if people must have ft that be ever entertamed the sinister designs with which he was accused, sut Tcannot hep thinking that other very good rea- cea have been produced why the Viceroy should have purchased iron-clads and new rifes, which | have not seen, uot heard edvanced by any organ or body. When the drman of 1841 was drawn up Mehemet All was*the roler of Egypi, Mahimoud Khan bad been lately Sultan, which is vostly different to the present status—Ismall Pacha of Egypt, Abdul Aziz Khan Sultan. The respective countries have Changed their cou ons somewhat; the Turkey of 1870 is not the Turkey of 1841. Jn issi the losses ineurred by the Tu and he yicto- rics of Mehemet Ali, stil fresh in the ihinds of ‘Turkish ministers and foretga Powers. «Greece had become irtevocably lost to Turkey, and the destruc- luon of aimost the entire Turkish navy ten years be- fore was yet recent and unrepaired, when Dgypt became, by the treaty, & province nominally tribu- tary to the Ottoman empire, powerful enough at any moment to throw oi the yoke; able to take tie offensive character of & strong enemy. Now, how plands tue case? 2 igs THE WAVY.« Turkey has a reconstructed n wy; she fs the fifth of the naval Powers of Europe—Enzland, France, Russia aud Prussia being alone stronger than ‘Tur: key in Naval Meets, She has twelve tron-clad frigates in the Bosphorus, three more building, besides a muititale of wooden line-of-battle ships, frigates, corvettes, steam tenders and gunboat. Fgypt, thongh commercially far more prosperous, in ma- terial of an army much finer, in internal communi- cations far ahead of Turkey, i3 comparatively weaker in her navy than she was vas! the reiga of Me- heniet Ali. Such being the case it was but fair that sho should purchase iron-clads, not for the purpose oi gaining her independence, bat for maintaining the proper equilibrium of power bettveen herself and Turkey as Mehemet Ali and the foreign Powers established It. 1f Turkey had a right to purchase iron-clads, then Egypt, pelng but nominally subject to hor, had aiso thatright. IfTuarkey improved her- self, then Egypt was in duty bound to do so, just as inuch as When Prussia increases her army to 1,000,000 of men It is the same ratio. Turkey has been guilty of as much treason In reconstructing ner navy as thoughtiess peopie have accused Egypt of being. ‘ MORE STERN. For as late facts haye shown themselves, Turkey hag altered her tone to Egypt; instead of a request to which aitention and compliance was due, accord. ing to treaty, Turkey commands—it is the Sultan’s absolute will. Imagine Mehemet Ali being addressed in such language, or Prince of Rounania, [tis evident, therefore, that ordinary logic even proves that the Suitan was as much in the wrong as the Viceroy was disposed to be ambitious; that the Sultan was endeavoring to tighten the vonds of vassalage as much asthe Viceroy tried to loosen them; that the cavilling petulance of @ despot, in- spived by that cunning spirit of intrigue, Mustapha Yazyl Pacha, by the malevolence of Halim Pacha and Hol Bey and other weak oiticlals who had been cajeled or bribed to their. side, occasioned the late imbrogtio equally with the dreams of independence which ¢ ‘oy may be supposed to have fostered, a RAND THE CONTEST OF BLOOD. There was another anomaly in the letter of the Porte to which suMeient attention was not drawn by politt cal article writers; Imean thavextraordimary anomaly of the Turk presuming to teach the Arab, ‘The Ars one lis time represented the head and front civi m. The Turk never did. In the circumro- t ation oF events the Arab has given way before the excellence of the Frat yet he has not sunk so low { bene: Tavk, The Arab ia to-day ahead of the Turk, he has a more ductile brain, and has within Aim yet the soul of the Saracen, and un Lompler Ruspieee than the Mussuiman regi hd the repressing tnfucuces of the Koran. la tolglt #how power and ad 0 ty not much in forior to the Fraok, Bui whe Turkoman, ein the sae UY Oilomay Kap, hae been ulweys a f cause which cor ‘Torkoman, a strong civilized man or a ong Bs but in en po, his cot never & ‘Think, 4 of ed and moral ‘toeroy, thd of the barbarian Turk tell» yan en. Ds 4+ .@tone of ® Lycurgus, Now to a acre eats ; and fo begin janners. the V. ut only the e! theeffect ca’ a8ists of real reforms iBauences:? 3 have the most dangerous con- Pacha’s fert’ 18 ‘Iaat emanated solely from Ali by examp’ te brain; but it is entirely unauthorized parative’ ® Bgypthas more miles of railway, com- Ht | aie’ than, Earp, ret she noe ie atatecn or 4 more 8, How stauds # She has v .,000 square of territory on the Asiatic con -ASvt and 208,000 square miles in ‘troo) her AM question would to her such @ complication | harem, Teel sore | Who devour the vital substance sweet, she could da Me the | allot which tend litic 1n France to increase her army in | in 1853, called Turkey a ‘‘sick man.” Ew mak! ® total of 645,000, Yet she has only 400. mies at railway throughout all her vast territories, or & mile to every 1,463 square miles of territory. ‘MINISTERIAL DIFFIOULT) ums for his Geet 3 of the em, rot of commui gold and silver m! to her iron and coal fields, ‘and agricultural districts, the Grau Vizier Iavishes the wealth of the couniry upon building fine palaces to please his master, who has already more than he can have any use for; ne makes sterile outlays of moneys upon Varied but all vain enrayennaes, UnCR ee Penn of Pe. bh mn hordes 0: one the State, There are other conjested evils, such a8 official corrup: tions, frauds, mal-administrauions, purblind policies, to fritter away wealth, which, being put to sustain schemes certain of opulent returns, might make Turkey a most powerful and prosperous country, CASH TRIBUTE AND PRAYER. Take two pictures of Turkish ilfe, which any tra- vellor must have seen often in this country: fvery Friday, about noon, the Sultan, in his guided caique, glides fo his prayer house, indolently incum- bent-upon crimson cushions diapered with gold, under a go) us Canopy tasselled with gold, rowe' by fifty picked oarsmen, The pemp of imperial state was never seen io better sonar than at this moment. Several caiques, gay with golden bands tracing the pulwarks, winged eagles, and dragon heads! with their mouths wide gaping, all apeak at the stem, follow, servilely, the imperial boat, wherein the Padishah 1s seated in grandear. The air resounds with sonorous cannon galvoes, fired quickly, and) repeated by the war ships, which eagerly take up the saluting roar, ono by one, The yards are manned, lusty cheers come pealing to the eal soldiers ine the quays presenting their arms, straine of stirri: music gush out from behind each obstructing wall. Arrived at his mosque, be finds numerous officers drawn up in respectful attitude without the door, displaying such glistening and varied colors that ihe eye fails to digcern the prominent hue; he treads the steps jeading from the water’s edge to the door of the mosque carpeted with the finest clotp, and as he enters the portals the houschold officials ligt their voices in @ tuned vocal prayer that Allah may be mercifa! and deign to accept the tmperial offertory. ‘As the shadow of hin dies away within the arrased porch, the music, which was a fit accompaniment to the stately aulic procession, becomes filent; the deep toned salute from great ee fretting the echoes of the horic shores is hushed; the muezzin’s chant and the admiring mufmur of the crowd is stilled, for tho Sultan is in commune with God. The sublimest conception to give due elfect to kingly splendor has here reached its perfect realization— tie silent, intense, open-mouthed adulation of the people bespeaks it. Art and nature lend thetr happiest concomitants towards it; the amphitheatri- cai heights divinely curtained by profoundest azure; miles of gardevg aslope exhibiting their flowery treasares, Which feed the alr with voluptuous odors; the legions of golden-topped minarets spiring into the pure vold—mocvking mensuration by their height; the crowds of budding domes, so lightly resting on their foundations (nat one ts prepared to sce them foat upward like bubbles as they scem; the long, Jong site a of a noble Gee rising sheer out of the lucent depths of the sea, ike an enormous fresco, conspicuous With fresh coloring, wherefrom project balconies upon balconies, with cunning filizree of iron work, under outspreading eaves tamed for elaborate arabesque and gilded frets, and these overiopped by many roofs of houses rising one aboye enother In a fantastic series, up to the lordly marble fabrics which crown the summits of the hills, Do these combined not enhance most tly the scene? THA REVERSE. Look at another picture to be seen in the interior of Asiatic Turkey, Within the Itmits of any Turkish ney where the cruel direption of feudalism in rope during the Iron Ages never exceeded in un- conscionable severity that practiced by the rapacious pachas of modern Turkey. ‘This Is of a peasant in an agricnitural district, over which a Pacha rules with a8 inuch absolute author- ity as the Sultan rules over the Pacha. It is a ais- trict where a population Me gre in tranquillity, nourishing no sort of political ferment, situate far from political tarbulence, adhering firmly to tts reli- gious creed, believing without a grain of doubt that Mahomet was the true prophet, and that the Sultan is the representative of God on earth; where no strange ideas ever intrude themselves; whither no priesuy itinerants never venture; where patient submission aud loyalty are the characteristics of the people. The peasant owns poche a few arable acres of land, # house, or rather a sma!) hut, @ few goats and hail a dozen head of cattle. The Pacha is bound to collect so many purses, which he must remit to Stamboul. This man’s property must be appraised by a commission. His hutis worth 3,000 plastres, at least it cost $o much to build, vhough it would be doubtful whether he could sell itforso much. The appraisers have valued ttat five times the value, 15,000 piastves, He therefore must pay 150 piastres tax per annum instead thirty goat he must pay four piastres a year, though @ goat may be purchased in the interlor for ten piastres. His vineyard, his rapbit hutch, his chickens are taxed in the same proportion. For his ges about forty per cent, must be paid altogether for titles and taxes and backsheesh. His eldest son is at Stamboul help. ing to sustain the government which oppresses and enslaves himself, He 1s indigent, and continues indigent; yct he knows not why, neither seeks he to inquire the cause of it, and if he did and could know he could not remedy himself. One year he has a bountiful harvest; the next are from drought or locusts, he has barely enough to tive upon. Long belore seedtime he finds his grain diminishing. ‘Ynen he bas to procure money at twelve per cent interest to purchase seed for sowing, to keep his family from starvation, which ne will have to pay back with next year’s harvest. if he should find himself prospering the Pacha hears of it, and sus- pects that bis property has not been properiy valued; hence begins @ system of spolation baok- sheesh demanding, in lieu of wiich the bastinado and imprisonment. THE SULTAN. This ruler, who receives almost divine honors from his subjects, is a man of forty or thereabouts, a coarse looking man with a surly face, with creases of fungus flesh on the nape of his neck, which, as he straightens his back, pucker and overlay the collar of his coat, and are even with the back of his head. He has a high stomach, and projecting belly, dropsi- cal legs and hands. His hypertrophia neck denotes philogenic taste; the shape of his belly telis of ripe manhood indulging in generous comestibles. For himself, the Sultan receives one-fifth of tue entire revenue of the Ottoman empire, THE WORKER AND PRODUCER. The peasant is a stalwart man of fine, powerful athletic frame. He has one wife, whom he locks up In her humble harem, if she 1s not Ue ae doing chores. He has @ family of large-boned children, with large appetites. His fucome is what is leit after the tithes, the taxes, the onerous backsheesh of the Pachg has been paid, which amounts to the ininlmam of nothtig. Such are two plctures of life in Turkey. Is tt not wnanomaly that sach Lycurgan wisdom should be wasted on Ismail Pasha, that such wisdom as is con- tained in these words—* iuxury being not the cause, but only the effect of civilization, to negiect the cause, Which consists of real reforma, and to begin by the effect, can only have the mosi dangerous con- sequences’—-should not have been applied to the well-being of the country which most needed It? 18 iE RRogREeS t Turkey is supposed fo be improving. There never Was a supposition more negatived by actual facts. Foreign consuls resident at the seaports may be for- given for auch assertions, but a traveller who pene. trates into the interior and witnesses the woful waste, hears from ail mouths the story of woful want, Will never return to his own country en- dorsing the siatement that Turkey is improving. QUIRT BEFORE THE PLAY. The Turco-Egyptian dificulty is disposed of for ne present, and the sullen silence of both parties after the brief unrest may be called an éntr?acte before the curtain Will rise to exlivit new characters, dressed for the tragedy which 1s to close the drama. Human- ity will thank the actors to defer the tragedy as long ag possible, RUBSIA. Thave heard it sald that Russia lost a spendid op- portunity by not precipitating matters between the Sultan and his tributary. Pugh! not ac all. Nicholas, A very fit ap- peliation for the empire wich reeled bein exces sive debility after the conflict at Navarino, and was still prostrate when the war cloud of 1853 loomed murKily and dense. But there were two doctors who came to the rescue, made a diagnosis of the disease, prescribed for it, and managed to drag the sick man through a crisis, The physicians are still in attendance and hang 80 lov- Ingly abont the bedside that they utterly prevent an outsider from coming near. When the doctors dis- agree—that is France and England—there will be found the great Russiun, wo will decide quickly enough by snapping the patient from under the divided charge. ‘This fracas between the Sultan and the Vieeroy was nothing in the world but the ex- pression of coming events. Never was ati plain, Who first doubted on scientific grounds that. the Suez Canal would be a success, thereby driving capital from investment tu it? Who tried to draw away the fellahs on the plea that slavery Was abolisied and that they could not be parcelled and farmed out as slaves? Who prevented the French occupation of the land along the Suez Canal—its colonization by Freach settiers? Weil, that sume power urgea the Sultan to adopt that unusually bold and oncomproniusing manner and tone with the Viceror. Eugénie, under- Standtag politics as well a8 she understands the virtues of flesh-beantifylng cosinetics tened to the East, and we may imagive that her fatr face must have countoracted fora while the baleful effects of British diplomacy, else why tho sudden cessation af wordy hostility ou the part of the Sultan, and the huindle, apologetic submission of the Viceroy? Clearly it was the work of Eugénie, to counteract the influence of perfidious Albion. THE UMRISTTAN ALLIES. The quatrel, however, was the expression of the struggle which Musi (QMe ROME ¥F Jaicr between ¥, MAY 2, '1870-TRIPLE SHRET, France’ and England’ for supret the “East. ‘France will stick to “tel Bi Hirth to hur bane mers: ceepate Preece oan ails Odaeke a tie Danubos Betiatpan seoeta te: bekeaitecg henna toa Poll as bute ton fours from rehinonde con her ex: treme gautnwent ae Ronters Turkey for avo miles Tenens blames Citta With a direct ling of rafivoat to Moscow and Sk Pe: tersburg; Taganrog, with ita line binding it to the capital; Pott with @ rallway to Tiflis, the very heart of the Cau whence legions ace legions of Uos- sacks might be itched upon Trebizonde; Sebas- topol, ite rallway—yet in ive, but about to be constructed—to. run direct through the length of the Crimea, thence to Mosco' $ RELIGION. ‘The Christians of the East complain that Russia has generted thelr interest, If the party of action of them entertain views of independencs or aspire to exert themselyés more decisively in some fleld there is instantly felt. an influence which bridies their ime atience, Which curbs their rising spirit, and none now whence it came. This influence ts strong, deep, terrible: for whenever tt becomes patpable 't seems to carry with It hope, promises, threats; it 1s like the Holy Vehme—though secret it ts powerful. As its influence 18 directed to checking vain aspira- tions, and inspire new societies of Christians with vigorous hope, it is suspected to be the Muscovite, masked, but tireless and tenacious. Now, Bulgaria Wants to be nationalized, must have a church of its own, to form a separate nation of that Slavonic people, independent of Greek domiiuation, Of course, Russia will not afd such @ procecding, and her influence is directed steadily against that ten- dency, Hence arises the cry of dissatisfaction with Russia of the Eastern Christians, and charges are made that she never aided the Cnristians at all. She is charged with having tempted the Candiotes to war and then left them to their fate; and during the pei Rural, imbroglio she is accused of Btanoing. aloof, of having lost 8 splendid opportunity to pus! matters to extremity. THE CZAR SOLVING THE PROBLEM. But any traveller who will & to Russia will per- ccive the certain solution of the Eastern problem to which she is arriving. ‘the method she has adopted of resolving itis 80 quiet, noiseless, barely percep- tible that something like a feeling of hushed awe comes over one when he has set foot upon Russian soil and discovered what she is about. Ina couple of years the main railway—that leading from Sebas- topol to Moscow, asthe line to run along the sea- board of the Azoff and the Euxine—will be completed, and, whatever turna up afterward, Russia will be pepared. at least, and not ail the Powers of Europe ‘Will be able to check her advance south and east, THE TENDENCIES OF GOVERNMENT. WOUDHULL’S THIRD LETTER. To Tun Eprror or THE HERALD:— Nearly all historlans who have writven since Jo- sephus have endeavored to reconcile sacred and profane history. This task Rollin attempts regard- ing the origin of the Assyrian empire. Diodorus says that “Ninus, the most ancient Assyrian King, performed great actions, Being naturally of a war- like disposition, and ambitious of glory which rt- sults from valor, he armed a consid erable number of young men that were brave and vigorous, like himself, and trained them to all manner of hard- ships.” This Ninus Rollin endeavors to make it ap- pear was the Nimrod of the Scriptures, and the Belus who was afterward worshipped as a god. Calisthenes, a philosopher, who was one of the reti- nue of Alexander the Great, says tho Babylonians reckoned their origin back some 116 years afier the Deluge, which would be about 2,250 years belore Christ, The conflict of authority upon the origin of this empire renders It competent for our purpose to assume this date, and that Nimrod was the first his- toric king of Assyria. Assyria is supposed to have derived its name Mas. from Asshur, the son of Shem, who, the Scrip- + ture says, settled this country. sessed himself of the province, introduced his own subjects into it, built cities and made himself gencrally beloved. It is said he built Nineveh, more grand and magnificent than all the rest, and named itafter Nis son Ninus, who, on his accession to the throne, conceived the design of ex- tending his conquests, and began to prepare troops and officers capable of carrying it out. In seventeen years he conquerel all the counrry between Egypt, India and Bactriana, which last country he did not think himself strong enough to attack with success. While preparing for further and greater conquests he also determined to immortalize bis name by making of Nineveh a city at once commensurate with his power and wealth. His design, says Diodorus, was “to make it the largest and noblest cliy in the world, aud to put it beyond the power of others who might come after him to ever build another such.” Not, as Rollin adds, was he deceived in this; “for never ‘did any city come up to the greatness and magaitl- cence of this.” It was 18% miles long and 11% miles broad, and was surrounded by a wall 100 fect high, Having completed Nineveh he pursued his intended campaign against the Bactrians, into whose country he marched an army of 1,700,000 foot, 200,000 horse and 20,000 chariots, armed with scythes, With this vast array he quickly overran the whole country and finally laid siege to its capital. This city was strongly fortified and stoutly defended, s0 much so that Ninus began to despair of reducing it, when the wife of one of his oMiccrs advised him how to attack its citidels so as to captare them, and by this the city. This woman was the afterward celebrated Semiramis. Ninus made use of her advice, and the city fell into his hands with but little loss to him. Ninus, finding a woman possessed of such remark- able capacity to aid him in his ambitions designs, at onge conceived for Semiramis the moet violent pas- sion, Her husband, upon learinng this, killed hii self to escape the fury of Ninus. Having married her, he not long after dicd—some assert by her connivance—and left the kingdom to her, It was Semiramis who undertook the building of the mighty Babylon, in which work she employed two million men. Dr, Pridoaux tells ns the wails around Babylon were three hundred and fity fect high and eighty feet thick, and that it contained six hundred and seventy-six pcs {wo and a quar- ter miles in circumference. His description ‘of the Walls, the quays and bridges, lakes, ditches canals, palaces, hangingigardens and teusp!o of Belus presents a picture of grandeur and imag- niflcence nknown in this age, Diocerus also says even tn his time there were many monuments of grandeur still stauding bearing the name of Semiramis, This beautiful and extraor- dinary woman possessed the most marvellous con- trol over all she came in contact with. Her simple Presence was suflicient to quell any tumult or muti- nous proceeding. Not satistied with the immense possessions le{t herby Ninus, she conquered #thto- pia sen the targer part of Africa, Not yet content, she determined upon the subjugation of India, against which she set out with 3,000,000 foot, 600,000 horse and a multitude of camels, with which she thonght to make head against the indian elephants. After she had successfully crossed the river Indus the Indian King fell upon her army with his ele- phants with such fury that it was utteriy routed. Semiramis was by this defeat compelied to give over th Songueet of Indio, Having reigned forty-two years 8) fo resigned the throne to Ninyas, her son, whom she distovered was plotting against her lifo, as the Jupiter Ammon of ay t had told her years befExo he would: She retjred srom the sight forever ofmen, hoping « eedily to have divine honors granted her name, which was also prophesied for her by the bay he . these vast armies, which predicate still more vast population, Rollin remarks:—"I must own I Gin somewhat puzzled with a Giedtlon which may be raised against the extraordinary things related of Ninus and Semiramis, as they do not seem to agree with the times so near the deluge; I mean such vast armies; such a numerous cavalry; 80 many chariots armed with scythes; such immense treasures of sil- ver and gold, and the magnificence of ihe buildings. The temple of Belus alone contained more than twenty millions pounds sterling hoarded treasure.” Rolling argues that the Greek historians, from whom he compiled, must have fatien into some grave errors, since that such things should have occurred 80 soon after the deinge, presupposes what must have been beyond the range of possibility. ‘The Assyrian empire having attained the zenith of power and magnificence under Seintramis began to sink into a'gradual decay, the kings themselves set- ting the example of tndolence and dissipation, This process of decay continued until the time of Sarda- napalus, about 700 years B.C. He surpassed all his predecessors in eflleminacy, cowardice and licen- tous juxury, and abandoned hiniself completely to pleasure, wine and women; even dressing and paint- ng his cheeks as the women did. ft seoms stange that a people so used to glory and conquest should not have sooner revolted agalast such depagechery and dissolutencss, Tits was loit for one Arbages to do; he obtained entrance to the King’s palace, and with his own eyes witnessed the trath of the reports about the King. Arbaces at once began to incite rebellion; by his reports he gained over the governors of several provinces, who raised an army and marched against the King, whom they sueceeded in shutting upin the cliy of Nineveh. ‘The King considered Nineveh impregnable, but the river Tigris suddenly rose to a great neight and broke down some portions of the walls of the city, Which adinitted the troops of the rebellious gover- nors. Sardanapulns then proceeded to puro him~ sel’, his women and vie, Which latter, xecord- inw to Atheweus, amounicc Nimrod pos- cere eet een ett . POMS Ss | a8 much silver, each of talents of gold and ten ried of which was of ‘Of $7,000,000, Buicn itt Tm Anta ake boow notin nothing of, iter the death ot ne empire was dismer| yg OS Babylon, Nine- Thee oan at igen ig the time of Cyazares a horde of Scythian barba- views devastated the op eagee th hi their bers ttoel until the spear tae ar avnt general ager le wine, at feasts i by concert, each family of Assyrians had invited them upon agreed day, Such as ese: this fled the un . Cyazares, after repeated efforts, succeeded In utter Ce ine wlth the att oF is noph Oyyus, and W! phew, tuted tho three oT again under one governe wen which ven the begiuning‘o! the famous empire Croesus, King of Lydia, ig hero entitled to aligns igressive reference on account of the iutiuence he Gt this time exerted. Vast riches in most kingdoms: had led to indolence, effeminacy and licentiousness; but Croesus thought it uuworthy for any person, ‘much less & king, to surrender hiraself to those. Not only was he vastiy rich, aad an extraordinary con- queror, but his chilel delight consisted in literatare and scence; he patronized the learned and wise of al! nations; 80 much go that they all made particular effort to visit his dominions to receive iis axsist- ance, His court wus the ordivary residence of the seven wise men of Grocce. It was with him that Hsop, the author of tho Fables, flourished, The nn OF these characteristics entitle Urasus to moet honorable mention and memory, and he should be regurded as a representative king. It wilh be remeinbored that Cyrus was the first king of Persia, which by conquest he enlarged until it comprised a!) the territury between the Tigris and Indas, the Caspian Sea and Indian Ocean, His uncle Cyazares retained Medea, He finding biinsclf tne volved in @ terrible war with tho Kings of several provinces—among whom was Cresus of Lidea—sout to Oyrus for ald, Wh» set out at once with an army. The vast preparations made on both sides culmin- ated in the batile of Thimbra—one of the most re- Markable events of ancient times—which decided the eons of Asia against the Assyrians and in fa vor of the Persians. ‘Tiis battle has always been the study of great commander, because the military genius e displayed by Cyrus makes him. rank a8 One of tie greatest of generals. After reduc- ing all the smaiicr nations of Asia Mivor, Gyrus turned his whole power against Babylon, which he determined upon destroying. He accomplished its capture by pret the river Kaphrates into the vast‘ditehes propan by Seinirania, and marching his army over its dry muito the city at night, while iis inhabitants Were engaged in some general entertainment. Thus the mate elty built by Semi- rams fell, and the destruction ceased not until not — its walls remained to tell the story of its gran- eur, With the reunion of what. constituted the first Assyrian empire the conguosts of Cyrus seeined to have ceased, He turned his whole attention to per- fecting a systom of government for the vast country lu acquired. ‘This he accomplished most wisely! All historians agree that In this task he was great! aided by the wisdom and counsel of Daniel the Prophet, who obtained a jon of great power and influence. It wa3, no doubt, he who obtained from Cyrus the famous decree regarding the Bubylo- nish captivity of the Jewa, prosperous and happy the empire become undor the reign of Ova ata ¢01 bf rs es idee ita ie ie people," fy i that held out minon father of the 4 Ad T:4 seventy years he died 520 yéfra 1, leaviis the empire to Cambyses, his son, who was as grea in erime as his father had been in virtue, He caused the death of his only brother, Smerdia, marricd his youngest sister (who was very beautiful), aud after- Wards killed her because she lamented the death of Smerdis. Happily his reign was ent short by death, having lasted Jess tian eight yours. It was not gen. eraily known that Cambyses had caused the death of i brother Simertis, Which made it possible for Smerdis the Megian to usurp the throne, giving out that he was the wae Smerdis, He was exposed by oue of his wives at the iustance of a nobleman named Darina, who mansged to siay him, and was then wnanimously named King by his brother noblemen for having done so, Soon afier becomiag kiig, Darins, with an army of 1,000,003 mea marched ito Murope to chastise the Seythians for having overrun Assyria ia the thie of Oyazarus, The expedition resulted disastrously to Darius, Who could not even bring the Scythians to battle, They continually retired before him, and Jefy him to be defeated by the es of provisions, from which cause Darius came near losing his whole arwy, and was gbiiced to beat a hasty retreat to his own country. Darius then determned upon the conquest of India, which ne accomplished. Of the age ei of this campaign no records are eit, though it 1s known that India remained @ Persian province many years and peld annual tributes of £600,000 sterling. Darius was the only conquerer who ever subjugated) India suiti- ciently to reduce. It to Lae province, at made the twentieth that had been added to Persia, Duitng the reign of Darims the fonians revolied against Persian control, and succeeded in involving the Athenians with them; they furnished tie Jonians twenty ships, by the aid of which Sardis Was captured and burned. This so enraged Darius that he formed a solemn resolve to destroy Greece. Thus began that implacable strife of the Persians against tie Greclans, by whicit Persian power was almost destroye. and in which the Greeks performed the most remargable exploits known in military history. These commg inore, properly under Grecian suminary, it will only be re- marked here that Milltiades on'the plains of Mara- thon; Leonidas at Duermopyle; Themtstocies at Sa- lamia; Aristides at Plate cu; Leotychides at Mycale, and Simon at Kurymedon, taught the Persian mon: archs that they were not to be subdued by them, though ihey should expend thely mightiest power in their attempts, So exhausted was the empire from the Grecian Wars that when the Egyptians revolted dung tie reign of ug Li. be found himself unabie to sub- due them, Tie superb empire made and leit by Cyrus the Great under such admirable government was now becoming thoxougiily corrupted and de- bauched, and was given to all species of lcentlous ness, Its former glory rapldly departed, and the eie- menis of destruction were acitvely at work prepar- ing it for the biow Alexauder of Macedon was soon to deal it, from which 1t was desliaed never to re- cover. Afier the dismemberment of the Mace/lonian em- ire Persia partially recovered, but became the feld ur constant barbarian inroads which kept the king- Gom in poverty and misery. Under Chosron, about the yeur 600, the empire again extended from the Indus to the Mediterrancan, Justinian I. waged a successful war fagainst Chosrom and com- pelled a. disadvautageous peace. This was annulled by Chosron IL, who again raised Persia to its former greatness by conquering Egypt, Ethiopia, Lydia and Yemen. ‘These sudden conquests were soon lost, and the partially resusci- tated empive passed into a rapid deciine, At no time since has Persia exerted aby considerable in- fluence upon surrounding nations, Under Timour in the fourteenth ceutury, and the Turks ia the fif- teenth, it decayed rapidly; in the sixtesath century it became nearly exthict, aud us a nation it remains Virtually 0 to tis day, THE JOWiSH REPUCLES FROM BUSA. Meeting of Delegates of Hebrew Seovtecties and Congregationus—The Appeals. A number of representative Jews of thts clty, from various societies aud congregations, met yeslerday forenoon in the vestry room of the Temple Beth israel Bikur Cholim, on Chrystie street, between Canal and Hester stircets, Mr, L, Cohn was {called to the chair and Mr. M.S, Isaacs was appointed secretary. The latter gentleman informed tie uicet- ing that the Commissioners of Emigration had agteed to provide temporary quarters, with a separate kitchen, for all the Jews who may arrive as fugi- tives from Russian oppression, Rev. Dr. Mielziner and all others who have collected funds in aid of these Russian immigrants are to be requested to transfer the several amounts to Mr. A.-S. Saroni, treasurer of the executive’ committee. It was also resolved that the committee place thernselves at once in communication with Mr, Bernard Casserly, the General ae aah) at Castle Garien. “The foo circular Was ordered to bo atldressed to all the He rew CO) ngregatious and charitable socle- tica in the city ahd Fiefdity: Orrion ov THE Exnoutive ComMirrer, New York, April 27, 1870, To THU PRESIDENT :—Notwithstanding our urgent remon- strances against indiscrimiuate emigration from West Russia, hundreis of Israelites are here, deapatched by the Koenigsberg Commitice, and utterly penniless. We cannot see them starve or sent to Ward's Island, Something must be done for then. ‘The Charity Commiiies of the Liebrew Benevolent Society have already sent twenty-two West to thelr friends, and the following gentiemen havo consented to tnke the matter in charge and to distribute, in tie most effeo- tive way, the means placed at their disposal for the benefit of Myer Stern, P. W. Frank and 8 rew Beriavolent Society; H. 8. Allen, of Reitef Society; E. Japa, President of the Henry street Synagogue; N, Cowen, of the Chess strect ynugogue; A. Buum, of the East Broadway evnaxogue Ye Colin, A. 8. Seronl, I. Joseph and 7. H. Keoslug, of tee, Ploase take np a collection among your ‘at once, as we ueed a large amountto give iem- ‘orary relief to those here and soon to arrive, to send thom West or Sonth, or enavle then) to earnalivelihood. rease send the sim collected to A, 8. Baroni, Treasurer, 3 Leonard street, Yours, reapoctiully, i, COHN, Chairman, M.S. Isaace, Secretary. It was also agreed that appeals sfall be made to | Hebrew congregations and societies in all Western cities, asking thein to provide means to take care of such of these Immigrants as will be sent West. Aiter providing for seml-weekly meetings an adjournment ed. The execulive committee, of which Mr. P. W. Frank is chairman, then went into session, and ail those of the Russian emigrants already in the city were called in one by one, their names recorded, and other information obtained preparatory to ox- tending tiem proper relief, DARING HIGHWAY NOBBEAY, The Fourteenth precinct police sergeant reports that at fifleen minutes after two o'clock yesterday morning, while George Lierneur, of No. 3 Varick place, was passing the corner of Bleecker and Mott streets, he was attacked by one Wiillam Davidson, who seized his wateh and at the same time dealt him # heavy. blow with some instrament. Joun Bolz, of 209 East Fourth spreet, was pasaiug ai the tume and gaye an alarm, Captam Waisu’s oficers were promptly on hand and secared the rutilan, Who was locked up for tho night, Liernetes ito “p thousand mynade 4 wounds were but wight A Broad and Comipreliensive Charter—Ampli Monns for a Bulendia Crystal Palace in New York —— ‘The folowing 1s the charter of the Indnateiny hibition Company passod by the late Legislature, Asthe directors of the exhibition mentioned in the charter will probably give way to others when the regular officers are elected-at-the forthcoming meet> Ang of the stockholders, thelr names are omitted: AN Act, to incorporate the Taduatrial Exhipition ’ Company, and to authorize said company to pur- . chase real eatate, and to erect thereon a bull 4 Daud nes which shall be used as an Indust Xhibitio People of the State of New York, represented in the Senate and Assembly; do enact, as follows; — SECTION 1. **9** their associates, 026078 of assigns, shall be, and they are hereb! created a reer corporate and Lyte by th And style of the Industrial Exhibition Company, ai by that name shall have succession, aud the powers and privileges con itera upon a corporation created under an et of the Legisiavure of he State of New York, entitled “An act to authorize the for- ™Mation of Corporations Manufacturing, Minit Mechanical or Chemical ” passed Fabri ‘1%, 1845; and the several acts extending and amen tng said acts are hereby Grated fo he said Ingug tnal Exhibition Company; an i i eaecteion sha! be subject to all the duties, obligations and jabilities preseribed by said act aud the acts amendatory theres of, except as heveinafter provided, Sec. 2 The capital stock of said company shail be $7,000,000, divided into 70,000 shares, of the pat vaiue of $100 each. ic Suc. 3. Ali the affairs of said corporation ahall be managed by a board of fifty-two alrectors, who shail, except as hereinafier provided, bo annuatly elected by the sogeholders. z Sxc. 4, Tho said Corporation ts hereby authorized to purchase and hold such rcal estate a3 m: nes cessary, and to construct thereon such bulidings may be necessary for the maintenance and carrying on of the Dusiness of exhibit the products, goodey wares and merchandise, machinery, mechanica) ine ventions and improvements of every nature, pam@ and Kind, and such as are usually exhibited at and to award and pay vo exhibitors therein duct prizes and medals and honorary di tons as: shall deem propor’; and to lease, let, or own stalls, stands, rooms aud places in sald bullding or bulld- rai’ ‘upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors shall deom best for the interests of said company, and for the promotion of scion oh commerce and literature. And the said company hereby further authorized to construct studios and picture [Sobre aud to exhibit therein paint and statuary of any nature and kind, and buy and sell such paintings and statuary, and award such prizes tor the creation of the same such board of directors may deem proper; and, erally, said speporation shall have power to om in it said butidings, erected for the purposes here- labefore mentioned, a!l legal and proper business. And sald corporation 13 hereby further authorized to. purchase aud hold, by gift, grant, lease or conveys ance, any real estate, or interest therein, which shall be necessuy or useful for carrying on the business perphy Qulhorized to be carried on by said Resin 4 dou. a gC, 5. Said company is hereby authorifoa | and taliy empowered in ity corporate capacity to borrow any sums of money from any peraon or percons, core oration or ein ae Oe a of ny kind, for any rate of aierest which thay oS agreed upon by and between said company and any peraon or party of whom sald, money may bo obtained; and to make, execute and deiiver all necessary writings, notes, bonds, Mortgages, or otnor papers And securities in amounts and itn which may be deemed cxpediont by id corporation, in cou: leration of any such Joan, or n> discharge of any Mahilitles that it may incur in the urchage of is said ton of its sald by said busiiess; aud ail purposes neces: eal estate, or to the constrac idings, and in oarryiug on of its 40 powers of sant Corporation for’ 0 Carry OUL Lie Object of said. company aie her: ‘atified and confirmed, and the coutracts and oMvinl acis of sald compeny are de> clared bindiag in law and equity ypon said ora ton, snd upon all other parties to such contracts. Sec. 6. Tie frst fity-two persons named in this ait shail constitute the frst board of direc- tors, and shdli hive the power ™ name a board of regents, not to exceed in numbers ten for eac! State or Territory in tho United States, and also board of regents for other countries that may pror jose to exhibit wares in such buliding, the ent 9 hold office at pleasure of the board; and thes® firs fifty-two corporators shall constitute the first boar of directors until the eapltal stock of said com) 4 shail have been subscribed for and patd in in full an the gaid buiiding shall haye.been constructed, after which time said directors shail be annually elected by the stockholders, a4 provided in said act, entitled “An act to authorize the formation of corpora- tions for manufacturing, mining, mechanical er chemical purposes,” passed Fobruary 17, 1848; and, in case of a vacancy in the said fist board of di+ rectors, occasioned by death, res'gnation or other: wise, the persons remaining th sald board shall have power to fill such vacancy by appoiotent. i Src. 7. Tho first board of directors shall havi power to elect such oMlcers ag they may deem ad- Visable, wito shail hold ‘heir respective ofilces during the existence of the first board of directors, unless. vacancy is caused by thelr own act. After this act becomes & law, any five of the herein named directors may, by signing & call and pube lishing such call m @® daliy paper for twenty consecutive days, and by imailing rinted notice to each of the directors herein nated Wwenty days prior to the time of such meeting, cone vone tne bourd; and if there are present at auch meeting thirteen of the herein named directors, they may proceed to elect such officers as shali be neccs+ gary and to adopt a sect of by-laws. Sko. 8 The buliding to erected must be fires proof and of solid Penne SEC. 9. Persons suiscribing to the stock of this company, or being directors, shall incur no personal abilities beyond that which the by-laws of this com- pany shall make, SEO. 10. The ¢ poration hereby created shall con. tinue for the period of fifty years from the passage of this act, and bi ‘er wiless repealed. Sxc. 11, This aci shail take effect immediately, GEXSERAL LEE IN HIS GLORY. Sonthern Homnge to the ExeRebel Coief. {From the Charjeston Courter, April 29.) A grand rece; tion on Wednesday night, at the reste dence of W. J. Bennett, bore testimony, ample ana weful, of the seneration and affectionate esteem in which Robert s3. Lee, the ers chief of the (s0- called) ‘Lost Cause,” is held the ¢life of ott By pie. From cight P. M. to twelve there was nbd ces- sation of the overflow of comers. Old and youny, the graybeards aon: sages of the country, the nob'e, pure, honorable, poor and wealthy, with hardly an Dorney were pre-ent, and giad to do him honor, Stately dames of the old school, grandmothers of seventy, and a long train of granddaughters, all flocked around the noble old chiei, glad of a smile, of ashake of the hand; and happy was the girl of tweive or fourteen who carried away on her lips the parting kiss of the grand old soldier. Such has been lis welcome in Cuarleston; but oh! how much more fervent it woulp have been had his health been suficicutto have permitted him to yield hineelt freely to the popular anxiety to see him, feei the pressure of his hand aud hear his words, however few, in those snubdued and meilow tones which deciare the gevtleman. 4 General Lee is evidently feeble, and his good nature was seve taxed, even by the loving exuce Uons of those 10 only sought to do him honor. liis fine figure seemed relaxed and weary, but bis noble and penigu featires, heroic and handsome, lost none of that amlabie sweetness of expression whi¢h, eveit in bis Case, trathcd to the field, spoke for the courtier far more than for the solaicr, Wenoted that his skin was jar, forid and heatihy, anvounc- ing sufficient siatoina, could he escape from toil and society, for perfect recuperation. ‘The grace, ease and simplicity o/ bis manger were a charm in every eye, and even the few sentences which it was ermitted him to speak were all so many ‘tones of fascination to the cager ear that bent forward to jaten. Among the visitors present were noted two of the Secretaries of President Davis? Cabinet, the Hon. Messrs, Memminger and Trenholm; and Judge Bryan, District Judge of the United States, did not conceive it Inconsistent with his loyaity to do rever> ence to the great man in seclusion. His classical studies alone would keep him trom such slavish dls- regard to genuine heroisin. He well kuows, a8 well ag any man, that More true price Marcetins, axtled, fee's, Cwvar, with a Senafe at his heels! But the tributes of the ladies were even more: pro- fuse than those of the gentlemen, Very beautiful was the collection, and it spelled the eye and charmed the senses of the veteran. He remarked :— “16 is so grateful to see so much elasticity among your people; and iam astonished to see Charleston #0 wondrously recuperated after all her disasters.” Very wonderful! More wonderful, if he had known ail; but our peopie have a fine elastic capacity for springing up erect, even under the tread of tyranny! AS was said by the brave Carolina 1 tn the Revo- lution, when the British officer asked her why the Ge eld was called the “rebel flower,” she promptly replied:— E Because it grows the more vigorously the more it is trodden upon.” So let ua risel We have the hearts and ihe souls? “We are a people yet!’ General ee Feit ail this when he made the remark. He left us yesterday for home, We rejoice that we have seen him; that we have heard the benign tones of his voice; that we have felt the pressure of his hands. May the good God protect him where he goes; restor2 him to lis home, and to that repose and health which are all that ho requires. Enongh for him, that his record here onearth is that of the hero; unstained by selfishness—no mercenary—one devoted to his conatry and his country’s gool—one whose honored memory will never be forgotten among brave and true fined oe while patriotism and virtue still survive ine bayonet, We must not omit to record the delicious music of tho banda of tne lire compantes, which succeeded to the reception, or rather blended with it, ‘as the spontaneous triiute of three thousand souls, speak ng Without concert, the common language of rever+ euce and aiteclion, sam Pike, the opera house bulider, ia in bad odor among his oid fellow citizens of Cincinneri because he whi not firpoverish himself by buildiag they a two mililoa dolar notel and opera Louse out of Tis Own pocket.