The New York Herald Newspaper, January 2, 1870, Page 4

EUROPE. Radical Revolutionary Agitation in Great Britain, The Irish Land Question, or Tenan' Right and English Troops. Earl Empire. The Anti-Papal Council in Waples-- Its Principles and Platform. ENGLAND. The Weninns in London—Mere Troops for Ireland—Auecdoie of the French Emperor— Meeting of Parliament—The Conservative Battle Ground=Misery at Woolwich—Ke- duction in the British Army—The Marines The Guards. Lonpon, Dec. 18, 1869. Without intruding upon the mission which your Irish correspondents have in hand I may be permit- ted to make some remarks upon the Fenian organi- gation as it now exists in London. Iwas told yes- terday by a friend of mine, who himself belongs to the brotherhood, that there are tn this metropolis no leas than 100,000 enrolled abie-bodied Irishmen, who each contribute, as regularly as Saturday night comes round, one shilling to the fund. Divide 100,000 shil- lings by 20 and you have £6,000 sterling; or, if 1 mistake not—1or { am not @ good hand at cal- culating American coins and invariably get into @ muddie between go many dollars in currency and 60 many in gold—something luke $25,000 of your money, Multiply again £5,000 by 62, the number of weeks in the year, and you have the astounding sum of £260,000 sterling, or up- wards of a million and a quarter of dollars sub- seribed every year in London towards the Fenian faud, Tuere are—I tell the tale as it was told to me— some thirty or forty public houses and taverns in va- rious parts of the town in which the money of the brethren ts coliecced for the district, and the va- rious sums are chen taker to a certain central place, mot very far {rom Fleet street, and paid to the head treasurer, who, on the following Monday, banks the whole amount with a foreign banking firm, where it stands to the credit of three trustees. If in any of the smaller collecting places ainan cannot pay his sailing for the week It is immediately subscribed for him by the others present. { have often asked my informant what his frieuds miend doing with this amount, and his reply confirms the opinion I have more than once expresse@ in my letters to the HeRALD—namely, tnat the Fentan piot, or rather the Fenian conspiracy, 18 not dead, bui merely asleep; and that, faise and dejusive as those hopes may be and no doubt are, the Fenians hope and trust, and believe and witl yet struggle to establish a republic in Ireland, and to sever all counection between that country and Englend. Will they sacceed? Jn common with every man in England, i do not believe they can, at least not for many years to come, aud by that time it 1s to be hoped that Mr. Gladscone will have so far estab- lisbed a fair and honest government in Ireiand as to eMectually stamp out the spirit of revolt, by showing the people tuat they can be Mucu more happy as peaceful subjects of the crown than as rebels. But We cannot disguise the fact that there are rough, very rough, times in store for us. The worst ene- mies Ireland ever had are the Fenians; for they are actuaily doing thelr vest to prevent any just mea- sures belng carned through the Legislature. 1 men- tioned iast week that the government was in pos- sestion of information that caused 5,000 regujar troops, in addition Lo those now quartered there, to be sent to Ireland, To-day { learn that two more regiments ure to proceed immediately to the same destination, and ihat as fast as the regiments now on taeir Way trom India arrive in Kngiand they are to be garrisoned in this country, while the corps they reuleve are to goto Ireland. It is proposed to have before St. #atrick’s Day, the 17in March, 10,400 additional troops in that country, besides those now doing garrison duty were. These 10,0v0 men are to be divided into tive flying columns of 2,000 men each. Every column is to be under a general viticer, and is to be complete ia cavalry, artillery, infantry and Commissariat. as well as tents if needful. With this display of 1orce Mr. Gladstone js Of opinion that it will not be needful vo suspend the Habeas Corpus act. Now, 18 not tis state of things very mucn like retribution upon England for tne evil she has worked both in Lurope and America during the \ast wwenty-live years’ Where has tere been @ rebellion, Where a revolution, where an armed resistance to lawiul authority that we have not sympathized with, and has not been noundeu on by tne English press? As the present Emperor of the French (when living iu Kngland, some tweaty odd years ago, as a private gentizman) said to a irieud of mine, “You Buglisn- mnen seem really to rejoice and make merry Wuen- ever any other government 1s in trouble; but you aay rest assured that your turn will come some day, and that when it does you will sufier nore thau any country hus uone before yo ‘Yhis anecdote was told me very lately by the gentieman to whom in 1844 or 1346 the present Kmperor spoke these words, and who 1s still a personal friena of Napoleon is, It seems really to be one o¢ our national taliings, that of exalting into heroes every onc that attempts to overturow authority. if Jer Davis haa tanded in England during your great civil war he would gave been made more of than had an angel from on high visited us. But we don’t like revolt at home. We growl at the United States because she allows toe Fealan leaders to haye a habitation on her and; but we quite forget how we noc only give shelter but actuaily help to seedy personages who come to England to coaspire against nearly every govern- ment in Europe, aud who are actually made nerves of because from their places oi sufevy i this land they contrive by their plottings and writings to keep every couniry in Europe more or jess im hot ter. ‘fhe presence of our neet, and the weil- 23 of the English government on tus hand, cost the King of Nupies as dominions. it Was Ouremurine ertillery men trom tue fagsiip Hiannibal that Worked the guns by which the tate of Caprera Was turned. ‘The revolution In Spain Was brought aooat by Hnguish gold. Would the south have ever eid Out for Six months agatnse tae Norv except that the Contederates believed thit help would reach thew irom England No, And I fear tbat we Lave not yet’ seca or heard the iast of the retribution which Will be indicted upon us for what we have done. Parliament is to meet in Febraary, and already there are signs of the political suruggie which will take place during the next sessiog. As L told you 1 a jormer letccr, te couservative party are deve; muned to do battle with the Ministry upon four que: tions, First, that of secular education, by which they will appeal co the reugious feelings of a very large number of ali denominations. Second, upon the irish Church question revived, by saying that disestablishment and diseadowment aaye made ire- Jaud more disturbed than ever, Third, upon the colonial question, by which they will appeai to tue national pride of John Bull, and attempt to show that the scneme of allowing the coionies Lo sniit for tuemse:ves must ent in a breaking up of tae cmpir Fourth and lasdy, they will appeal to a very pbumer- ous class—or | ought lo say Ciasses—that has been injured in pocket by the immense reductions tat have taken place in ali our public establishments. ne trst of these four questions, as | have good son to believe, Mr. Gladstone will avoid alto- «ether, and in spite of @ numerous and Holy section of mis iouowers, who clamor jor @ secular education bili, he will take no steps this session to introduce any education bul. ‘the second, about the irisa Churcu, will only be acry, but @ cry which may do the Ministry harm with the more unreiectiug of the community; and Jam sorry to say that 1m England tis category is avery lurge one. The colonial question is ulso oue of Whicl @ very great deal can be made by those wio want to raise a good political battle cry. And tue fouréh, that of the reducuons Wuich Dave taken place 1u our public departinents, 18 one wiich will also give miuisters a great deai of troubic. 1 fappened the otner day to go down the river to Woolwica, where is situazed one of the dock yards that has been shut up, and f was quite amazed to find the enormous amount of misery exisung every where aud im every directlon. Of tue sunail, four- roomed houses formerly inhabited vy shipbutiders and others of the better Class of mechanics there are now 1,600 uninhabited. Of men and women who & year ago were 1p the receipt of good weekly wages there are now upwards ol 600 in tue workhouse; and of tae smaii tradesmen who used tu supply these peopie ‘With what they ate, and drank and wore more than Ailty have become bankrupts. Woolwich used to be one of the most thriving places 1a Engiand. The inhabitants had always good wages and were certain of work. Now it,ts the inust atteriy miser- bie, iasolvent looxing town I ever was in. And when We remember that this has been entirely caused by shutting up the dockyard, and that the sell-same ting has been done at Pembroe, in South Wales; at Piymouvh, at Deptiord on the Thames, in a great measufe even at Portsmouth, aud still more at Grecn- wich, it may easily be imagined that, although Mr. ai bas many friends and admirers, there wul not be Wantiog enemies who will make the most of Granville on Colonial ’ NEW YORK HERALD. SUNDAY, JANUARY 2, 1870.—TRIPLE SHEET. be it remembered, are aly the direck reductions, ‘The effects are much more nt jumerous, and are {eit Saroughout Various trades. If wo have @ hard winter, as is ex- poaed, and the want of employment causes dis- : rbances among oe worsing Classes, 1 mareno ss HA ai Br SSL MAA ANA SA gu . Gladatone, wt alg os I was quite astonished yesterday to learn from an authenttc souree the immense reductions that are to take place in the Knglish army at the comimence- ment of the financial year, ‘The first twenty five {| regiments of the army nave each @ second battalion, All thego battalions are to be are also nine depot bat- ich are to meet the samo fate, making 10 ali thirty-four batwlions, number- ing, taking one with anetuer, 600 men each, which will Cease Lo @Xist two months hence. Tuus, with a stroke of the pen abou: 20,400 men will be drafted out of the Britush tal ® very short time from this, Sill more surpri Was I to learn that hence- forth several of our gatrisons on the sea are to be | manned exclusively with the Royal Marine regi- ment, and troops of the line are only to do foretun duty in India and some of the very few colonies to | Walch we propose to send troops tn the future. ‘Thus ‘at Gibraltar, Malta and Jamaica there will tn future | be no troops except tie Koyal Marlues, Hitherto the rule has been that alter a company or deiachment of marines had done three years’ duty at sea they Joined the division of the corps to which they beionged, and which was never moved from | One or other of the following places:—Portsmouta, | Plymouth, Woolwich or Chatham, this 18 to be changed, and these divisions of the marie corps are to Wake their turn of foreign service in certain garrisons abroad. ‘‘here cau be little goubt but that the new order will, when known in the marine corps, cuuse @ very great deal of discon- tent. Hitherto the en Marines has been by Jur the most popular one in th service, ‘the ett is true, were alw: froin tuetr famihes for two or three years at @ tine, but tnen they got back from cruise and were not moved frou we garrigon they bewnged to for at least unree years—not until their turn came WW go afloat again. At sea they were always able to save money, and thus when (hey returned to their vil- lages they were able to make some considerable suow beiore their relatives, All that will be changed now, and for the future the marines will only ex- change tue discoméorts of board suip (or the misery ol Lol a garrison duty. But roughout the whole army, officers as well a8 men, there 18 @ ory of discontent on ac- count of te reductions Jalling upon the. hard worked line regiments, while tue Guards who never go out of Loudon, except upon grea. emergencies, and who are never by apy chance expected w do foreign duty (the Life Guards have wo. been out ot Englund since the army under Wellington returned from France in 1816) are left Just as they were. ‘Thus the hardsaips fall entirely upon tue real soldiers of the army, Whereas the show truops are not reduced by asingle man, But Court induence ts a great in- stitution in sngland, und he would be both a brave mat and & powerful Muuster that would dare to go contrary to ity known Wisies, Which are, mdeed, equivaicnt Lo commands, = Earl Granville on the Colonial Empire. (From the London Times, Dec. 17.} A deputation waited on Lord Granville on Wednes- day, av the Colonial Ofice, on the subject of the relations subsisting between Great Britain and her colonies, Viscount Bury introduced the deputation, which, he said, had watted upon the uobie Earl in conse quence of a despatch he had addressed to the governors of the various colonies consequent upon acircular which had been issued for tue purpose of convenlog 4 conference of coionists, aud which cir- cular, it Was feared, had been misappreiended by the Colonial Onice, Lord GRANVILLE replicd as follows:—I must first acknowledge the courtesy with which all thuse who have spoken have aduressed me. Lord Bury, Mr, Wilson and others have explained to me that it was a misconception of mine to suppose that the invita- Uon to hoid a colonial conference was conceived 11 apy spirit of hostility a the Colonial Office. I re- joice to hear it, although the misconcepuon was not unnatural on my ‘The circular was sent to alt the principal colonies without any previous com- munication With me, OWlng, a3 it appears, to an ac- cident, The proposal was based ou 4 description of her Majesty’s preseut colonia policy wuich | repudi- ate; on the bad reiations existing bevween England and her colonies wich I do not admit, aad upon the inetiiciency of the Co.ontal Ortice, * '* * ‘There scemed to be aa absence of opinion to- day a8 to any deflutte scheme for revising tue colonial relauons. Most of the gentiemen pre- sent wished something to be done to cement consolidate them. Now, I know that, Lord Urey proposes, us i3 seen by his letter, Luat there should be a comierence to consider a scheme which he has in his own head, but which 1s vased upon the colonies being willing to give up some of bueir freedom of action, My ilrm conviction is that it would be better for those large colonies, taking popuiatton and wealth and education into conside- ration, not to give up @ portion of that sell-govern- ment which tuey now enjoy. 1 beueve that that would not be @ solid buse upon which any pian of that sort, even if desirable in itself, coula be Tounded. Lord Gary, as | quote trom an interesting chapter in us book, Would uesire to Bave a conter- euce for another purpose—viz., im order to lay dowa at once, in @ Iriendly manner, the terms ou which at some future time the colonies snouid sepa- rate, I nave no jealousy as wv the freest discussion of any ol these points; but unless I see that it is the wish of the colonies that such # Conference should be veld, and until i have some plan to propose to such @Conterence, 1 can take no initiative in the matter, As to the assistauce of such a conference for local information, 1 have ulways been tod that there exists considerabie jealousy tn the coionies of the colonists residthg in tus country, while on the other hand, most of the priacipai’ coloutes have eiher permanent or teuporary agents. ‘the Duke of Mancnester alluded vw the transfer of tue Hudson Bay cerritory. Without discussing the policy of that measure | must say the transaction of it was @ mutter of great diiticulty, The Dominion sent over two of their own statesmen to negotiate it with us. They would ceriatoly never have con- sented to the interference 01 delegates trom the West indies or the Cape, and { doubt waether, with such interference, any conclusion woutd have been arrived at. If you conquer the difticuities im detail as Lo the proportions of uelegates or ol voves whic each colony is to have, and whe degree in which the imperial goverument 18 to be represented. the con- stant advice of such @ body would at the same ume embarrass the Minisier and duainish bis respon- sipipility. It Las been slaved that | have expressed a wish wat England sould be separated irom her coionics. Sir George Grey, WO hus taken an active part in this matter, and whom I regret not to see here to-day, is repored to have asked whether it was tolerabie that a Minister, sitting quietly im his room at the Colonial Otiice, should tell che colonies that they were at liberty to separate from England. 1 presume this stavemeut was based on an extiact ma letter read by Mr. Wilsun ata meeung in which his correspondent, after descriving a conyer- sation with me, stated chat had m effect said that separation was a matter more tor the considerauon of the colony than for that of Knugland, and that if the colony thought 1 was for their good tney had better go. The writer of the letter im question called upon me some weeks ago -wili a note ol intreduction. Me was gentieman-like, intelligent and pieasing tn manner, but had probably not been much used to reporting business discussions. He repeated to me, one by one, most of ue criticisms ch have been circuiated on me and the New and policy of her Majesty’s government. I an- swered each point as best | could, and i may add that I seldom met with a rejoinder. At ‘asi he threatened me wiih separation and annezation (0 the United Staies. 4 repued by decliuing even to discuss such a matter, adding, however, somewliat incousistently, (ett 1 3 curious to know wluit was tne practical object Of aig Colonist who entertained such an tdea. Did he expect the States would send an ariny to conquer the Maories for him? He answered, no;*they would not send an army, but would send a band of filibusters and cutthroais, who would be ten times worse than the Maories 1 could not resist observing that the practical object taen would ve to obtain a substitute ten times worse than the only grievance of which New Zewaond had to compiain. I do not remember saying one word more on this question of separation. What L dut gay does not appear to be disrespectful to the great colony of New Zealand, uucivil to the colonist: who volunteered privately vo catechize me, or in- tolerabie even from a Minister sitting quietly in his otiice room Any one Who has observea tne astound- ing progress of soue of the colonies during the last tweaty years in wealth, popufition, statesmanship and intelligence, i everything wich constivutes a great community, must teel it difMiculs to prophesy us tothe fuuure. 1 should be exceedingly sorry Lo see England deprived of ali ver colonies, but this country Will never actempt to retain them by bruve force; but I beheve, however, that the bonds witich untce us, though sicnder, are elastic and much stronger 1 Goubt whether any attempt ns more strictly would have a strenguiening eit Many a man aod wile, pot- withstanding occasional differences, live happily together Who could not do so f they bad caliea ina jawyer to define how much each was to yield on every occasion, and what the terms of a possible separa'ion should be, {t is with regret that 1 tind Pia unable, for the reasons waich t Dave given. Sa to ake a fresh initiative in a plan which seems already to have collaps and i have only to thank tie deputation for the courteous attention with which they have listened to me. President Grant's Relations to Canada. {From the London Times, Dec. 15.) It seems probable that tue Reciprocity treaty be- tween the United States and Canada will not be re- vived, at least immediately, The fact that the House of Representatives ha’ assed, by & mujority of 128 votes against 42, @ resojution against its re- newal, would not of itself be @ conciusive reason for belleving thut lis revival is hopeless. ‘The lower eatber Of Congress 1s given to passing reso- lutions without much premeditation. or fore- thought, and sometimes it retracts uwuanimously to-morrow what it kos ghee by an overwhelming mayority yesterday; and, again, it has happened that the Executive government of America has, with the sauction of the nation, pursued its own course in simple neglect of # reavlution of the Representatives calling upon it to act differently, But on this oc- casion the House is 10 accord with higher authori- ties. The summary of the President's report, trans- politi at present be supported by the opinion, and the refusal to hegotiate 1s a necessary consequence, une advantage of a reciprocity treaty between er Eo SE hem Sra ea Of the treaty, 1a obliged to confess it, Any one who looks at the map of North America will see in the long border line of the Dominion and the federa- tion a powerful reason for free trade between the two countries. It i almost impossible to protect this struggling boundary with @ suilicient army ot revenue ollicers. Tue Canadian delegation which ‘Was at Washington in the sumimer pressed this con- sideration on whe attention of the President and Dis Cabinet, but they were met by tho usual roplics. It Was spparent that the economic education of the American administration had not mate- nally advanced since Mr. Galt anda Mr. Seward discussed together the question of the trade between the two communities upon the expira- ton of the former treaty three years ayo. Jt was then contended, in the true protectioniss man- ner, that freedom of trailic between Canada and the United States was o/ little advantage to the latter, because it only enabled the citizens of the Union to buy cheaply of Canadians, and did not greatly mul- tiply the purchases made vy the Canadians in the Union. ‘The phraseology adopted wag that the Almerican markets were “strong” and the Canadian markets were “weak.” General Grant and his Min- isters may have used different words from these, but their argument isthe same. The advantages of free trade between the federation and the Dominion, the President said in his message, “wouid be wholly in favor of tne lattor.” It was, perhaps, fanciful to expect any other answer to the Canadian proposals. Wacn a nation adopts the fuliaciea of protection as rules of conduct towards the world as large, nothing else can be looked tor to guide their relatious with avy particular country, IRELAND. Tho Land Question the Vital National Sub- Ject—A Historical Review—Wars and Con- fisvations and the Consequences—The Argu- meats Against the Union With Eugland— Caste and Class—English Policy—Is the Settlement at Hund? Des.in, Dec. 9, 1869, It is very diMcutt, perhaps tmyosaipie, to under- stand thoroughly the landed system of Ireland with- out knowing the history of those conflacations, or, as they are called here, “plantations,” by which, up- wards of two centuries ago, the old inbapttants of the country were driven from the soil. By tracing the origin of what ts known as the “iand question” to a period 60 far back as the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., I may possibly ve accused of attempting to “rip up old sores’? which had better be iorgotten; but I may plead in excuse, if, indeed, excuse be necessary, that to events in those times may be directly traced the present social condition of Ire- tand, and this I mtend wo show as I proceed. Few, I think, will contradict the statement that the social condition of ireiand, miserable and un- happy as it ts, 1s the result of circumstances utterly foreign to the natural course of events... The discon- vent of the peasantry, protracted through centuries, the antagonism between the owners and the ocou- plers of the soil, the emigration of hundreds of thou- sands of the Irish people, the hatred of England which nas taken such deep root in the hearts of the Celtic population, owe their origia to the confisca- tions under Elizabeth, James J. and Olver Crom- well, Mr. Butt, Queen’s Counsel, who has written and spoken a great deai on this question, says:— “He who desires so to understand tle condition of Ireland must realize to himself the full import of the historical fact that all the rights of landed property rest on confiscation—not, be 16 remeinbered, upon confiscations of remote antiquity like ihose which followed the coming of the Normans into England, but upon confiscations following a contest which has never been wholly fought out—a strife which is ‘still continued in many a varying form.” ‘The policy of exvermination pursued by Elizabeth and her counsellors to some extent prepared the country for the three great confiscations which fol- lowed. When the great Karl of Desmond surren- dered to her forces his estates and those of forty-three of his followers were “cleared” of the old popula- tion and divided among the soldiers of the Queen. ‘The estates of Desmond contained more than half a million of acres, Following the exterminations of Elizabeth, and exceeding them in their maguitude and cruelty, are the confiscation of the whole pro- viuce of Ulster under James 1., the confiscation under Oliver Cromwell, and the forfeitures of William of Orange alter the battle of the Boyne. In 1793 the Parl ot Clare, then Mr. Fitzgibbon, the great spokes- man, towards the close of the last century, of the “dominant caste” in Ireland, declared in the’ Irish House of Loras that the title of the landed proprie- tors rested on these three confscations. Lord Clare was no friend to the people, still be had the candor to make this admission. In nts speech in favor of the unton in 1800 he assumes even a bolder tone. “Ibis,” he says, ‘a subject of curious and tinport- ant speculation to look back to the forfeitures of Ireiand, incurred in the last century. The superfi- cial contents of the island are calculated at 11,042,682 acres. Let us now examine the state of forfeitures:— In the reign of James L, tne confiscation of the whole province of Ulster, 2,836,857, set down by the Court of Claims Acres, At the restoration. + 7,300,000 Forfeitures of 1633. 1,060,792 MNOGAL: goo ots abies ceniceos cots Recwene svete aeRO. So that the wuole of your island has been contis- cated, with the exception of the estates of tive or six old families of English blood, some of whom had been atiainted in the reign of Henry VILL, but re- covered their possessions before ‘Tyrone’s rebellion, and bad tue good fortune to escape the pillage of the Iunglish republic, tfilcted by Cromweil, aad po in- consideravie portion of the isiand has been confiscated twice or perhaps EOFS 3h Ll course or @ century. * The whole power and property of the country have been cCvnferred by successiye monarchs of England upon an Englisn colony, comprised of three sets of Englisn adventurers, who poured into this country at the termination of three successive rebellions. Couliscation 18 their common utle, and irom tue first settlement they have been hemmed iu on every side py the oid ianaoitants of the isiand, brooding over their discontent im sulien indigna- tion.’ I would earnestly,recommend any one wishing for fuiler inlormation on tue suoject of Irish contisca- tons to scudy the speeches of the Karl of Clare, Lord High Chancelior of ireland, at the commencement of the present century. 1 the people of ireland are satisfied toaccept his testimony, 1 do not think the landed proprietors, Whose champion he was, ought to object. ‘These confiscations were confirmed at the restora- tion of Charlies I. by the act o1 Settlement and Explanation. By that act, also, ail the lafds of those engaged in the rebellion of 1641 became vested in the King. Commissioners were appointed with Tall authority to hear aud determine tae claims of applicants for the land; and in this way, to use the signilicant expression of Lord Clare, *°7,800,0y0 acres of laud Were sei out, under this act, to @ moiley crew of Kngush aaventurers, civil aud smulitary, nearly to the total exclusion of the oid inhaoitants of the isiand,?” Alter the expulsion of James If. 4,000 of his sup- porters were outiawed, and their estates, comprising 1,060, 7¥2 acres, Were coniiscated. ‘I'u3 land Wis sold to William’s rollowers uuder the auviority oc an act of Parhament Lo defray the expenses iucurzed dur- ing the war, But it is useless for me to enumerate further in- stances of the manner in whica, under successive Engiish Kings, tae old population of this country were dispossessed of the so. | have said enough to show that coey Dave suifered a great deal. Few wil, 1 wink, deny tit the exampies I have introduced, ch many more might ve added, are surilvient to account jor the hostility petween tue owners and tue occupiers Of the soli, as well as for the other anomalies in the social system of Irelaud. itis nou to be wondered at, indeed, that the population of this country are divided into two classes, one re- garding the other with feelings of hatred ana distr: “From the final execution,’’ says Lord Clare, ‘or che acts of Settlement ana Explanation down to we present day, the people of ulus country have con- sisted of two distinct and separate castes—the one, With a Short 1termission, possessed of the wiiole property and power of the island; the other expelled Trom but.” ‘The war begun two centuries ago be- tween the English colonists and the old Inhabitants, has descended to our own time. The inemory of their suffering and wrong 1s as fresit_ in their nearis to-day as it was two censuries ago. Nu persecution can blot out from their minds the recoilection of what they suffered, or can induce them to forego their claims to tie ownership of the soil. ‘err right 1s im abeyance, they say, ald time has not given and cannot give their antagonists a prescrip- live title to the suil. ‘The colonists have resiste:t, and still resist, these claims; and thus a war has en- sued bevween them for two centuries. *Don’t let us disguise it {rom ourselves,” says Mr. Bright, ‘there 1s & War between landiord and tenant, a war as fierce und relentiess as thougu it were carried on by force of arms.” descendants of “those English adventurers who poured tito the country at the termination of three successive rebellions.”’ They diifer trom the rest of tne population im reiigion, nationality aud race. For two centuries the power of England bas upheid heads of the ola inhabitants. Under these circum- stances it can scarcely be wondered at if Engi power and landiord domini the minds of the people. ‘The whole power aua prosperity of the country were conferred upon them,” and they protected themselves against the mitted by our correspondent at Philadeiphia last week, siows that General Grant ts adverse to the negotiation of a uew Reciprocity Treaty with tne Dominion. ‘The renewal of a treaty for re- ciprocal wade,” he said, “had not been favor- rightful owners by code of laws which the great Edmund Burke described as ‘‘a machine of wise and elaborate contrivance, and as weil fitted for the op- pression, impoverisiment and degradation of the bDeople and the devasewent in toem of human nature ‘The ‘dominant caste,” ag I have shown, are the | the Administration,” and he | itself from the perverted ingenuity by jm red Ly inogiias aver peocended: m the pe! man, the whole power gland ta salend nus, cue ovcupler was entirely 1 left ag he was at tho meroy of & cruel (ask- ta sor master. His position was 4 precarious was Tiable st any tame bo bo d of nis home, to be driven from ae countsy without pity or re- morse, by rsand usurpers. By the penal laws He deprived of bis political and social rights, fo Was Pinere “new of ood Nie draw or of water’ to the English coloi fas, 10 : a slave in his own land, He koew not where © turn for redress. To England he could not, for England kept the sword of extermination suspended over os head, At last, maddened by a galling sense o oppression and’ wrong, and smarting ander the evils of @ dreadful poverty, he takes the law into his own hands, and hence agrarian outrages which pinak go olten stained the moral annals of country, ‘Though no one can excuse or defend the dreadful tragedies enacted in connection with the tenure of land in ireland, still 1am sure few will doubt that thelr cause reats entirely wita the landlords. ‘these outrages are the result of grievances which they have the power to redress; why not, therefore, re- dress them and put an end to agrarian crimer ‘Their interest aud their duty pomt in tais direction. The expefience of the past shows that as long as Unese grievances exist 80 long will crime continue. ‘There can be'no doubt of this, In these crimes the occupier proclaima bis discontent to we landlords and the world, and hopes to terrify the former tuto a concession of his rights, Nor 18 landlord aseasdt- nation here regarded in the light of an ordinary murder, 1-13 sometimes considered @ ineritorious act to rid ap oppressed peasantry of a tyrant land- lord. ‘The populace, instead of giving the murderer ito the bands of justice, will go to any lengths to screen bim from the consequences of his crime. it must not. however, be supposed that the Irish, as & people, sympathize with crime. Murder is aimosy unknown among them, unless in connection with the venure of land. Notwithsanding the injustice done to the old in- habitants by the contigcations to which I have referred, it 14 a fact Which aumits of no doubt that the colonists have from the frat failed to carry out the'conditions required of them in taking @ossession of the confiscated lanas. Mr. Butt says taat “wo can positively say of almost ali the grants of land which have been made in Lreland since the accession o1 James I. that they were made for the express pur- aad upon the express condition of piacing on the estate 80 granted @ loyalands ful and & | Contented population. have, in acarcely any instance, carried ous te purpose or fuifiiled the condition.” All they did—and I may add they had enough to do—was to provect themselves and to fe their the encroachinents of Pp of which they were deprived, The le between both parties 1s sclll going on. Withall the power, with all the advantages on the side of tue landiord class, 1t muss be confessed that in the contest the victory is with the people. During the last two centuries much has ‘away tue scandal ot English legis- lation in ireland and to remove the anjustice done to an injured race. But much stll remaios to be dope beiore che people can be satistied. {a lt too much to hope that inthe next session of Parliament trac great evil which bas 60 long oppressed the Irish peo- ple will be brought to an end? ‘To redress this mun- ster grievance 18, most assuredly, a work which “the pen Of history will delight lo trace.’” ITALY. The Anti-Papal Coancil—Second Day's Proceedings—The Programmo—Amendments and Speeches—The Foreign Element Under @ Cloud—Dissolution of the Assembly by the [Italian Government—Suppression of Free Speech—Indiffereuce of the Nation—Conversation of tho Herald Corre- spondent with Count Ricciardi and with tho Government Commissary—Dificultios of Riccigrdi. ° NarPrs, Dec, 13, 1869. On the evening of the 10th inst, at seven o'clock, the Anti-Papal Council held its second sitting in the St. Fernando theatre. The attendance was the same as on the first aay, about 400 persons being present— far above the average public at popular meetings in Italy, both in intelligence and education. President Count Ricciardi took the chatr at seven, and the sec- retaries having read a report of the proceedings of the first day 1t was unanimously adopted, The stage upon which was placed the presidential chair was filled up with the delegates, orators, native and foreign, and the preas representatives, The dele- gates were also scattered in the pit and boxes, among the mere public spectators, and in conse- quence things worked after a confused style, but without “the slightest disorder. Many ladies were present, among them & Russian dame, who received a special mention, and as they bad complained that their names had not been called the President ac- corded them the honor of a special roll-call amid the enraptured applause of ali present, As each lady responded ‘‘presente”’ to the reading of her sonorous name the shouting and clapping of hana#arose, and io this operation considerable time was spent. Various letters and telegrams approving the Anti- Council being read, the President proposed that the programme of the provisory committee, of which he is chief, be voted upon as the order of the day. The programme, he announced, consisted in the follow- ing points :—First—Religious liberty. Second—Sepa- tion of church and State. Third—Necessity of a moral code entirely independent of all religions. Fourth—The utility of forming a permanent interna- tional association to forward these views. These four questions, he proceeded to state, constituted, in his opinion, the antithesis to the Ecumenical question now being discussed at Rome. This announcement was clearly a move to get at the heart ‘of the matter before organization of any sys- tematic kind, and as 4 consequence the speakers got off the track and the debate was carried on in a con- fused way. It acted like the explosion of a pomb- shell, Italian enthusiasm was stirred up gencrally, and the excited feelings of the natives bore them ort the main question in a hundred different directions, The Italians were largely in tne majority, and tatk about ther old enemies—Kaiser and Pope—always upsets their uquanimity. The meetime immedately assumed a deciamatory and political char- acter, and the féreign representatives re- mained hushed up in the background, to their regret aud disappointment. The anti-reli- gious oc rationalistic aim of the Anti-Council secmed to be entirely lost sight of. The speakers and amendments on the President’s programme were nuimerous and crude. Hotspur himself could have oilered a more digested series of resolutions than were hailed 1 {rom the Italian side of the house, which, | repeat, was a side all around tn the buila- img. Professor del Vecchio, a Rigitese delegate, con- tended that the Presiaent’s programme was ipcom- plete, and that it was absolutely necessary to define it precisely. He was of opinion that the Anti-Coun- cil should adopt science for its creed ag against faita, and occupy itself with al: the consequences of ths starting principle—viz.: liberty of conscience, political aud economical emancipation. (Loud applause.) A motion was then made to allow a certain num- ber of workmen to “assist” m the second and turd tiers of boxes without buying tickets, Adopted. ‘The President next proposed that no speaker could be allowed to hold forth more than a quarter of an nour ata tune. Adopted also, Rules and regulations tor Ue guidance oi al were thus drawn up aod adopted between speeches, as their necessities required, Signor Mora, of Varma, then deflued man. a he contended emphaticaily, was supreme, There was nothing above or in (ront of him except nature, except the universe. Let him, thea, catch hold, in- terrogate and sunject 1t to himself. Tbe only road to arrive at ine secrets of the universe was trough the broad road of universal auffrage. The Ant Council has no aim to set up another religion or aitar against the Ecumenical Council; it 18 wn asso- ciation of free thiukers. Liberty of consclence | Should be our fag, ana tnrouynh it and universal sul- | frage we slail in Lime arrive at equal political rights for all. . Siguor Lambrizzi, of Naples, then arose and de- hivered @ eulogy upon the President. Count Kic- clardi, he said, iad vad a grand and courageous con- ception in convoking the assembly, and the Anti- Council owed much to bin, ‘Tue inaugural address net entirely his approbation; they could not offer ihe President too many thanks for the untiring energy ana sincerity he had displayed tn his efforts, ; Heconsidered that tueir aim could ve resumed in two words—liverty and justice. ‘he speaker launched out in a verbuse siavement upon tue busi- | ness of political economy. He had traveiled much; he had been in the United States of America; yet the free citizens of that repubitc were uot exempted from evils aud prejudices of the worst sort. The fact Was, politica liberty could not, of itself, lead to the destruction or abolition of that enormous preju- dice regarding religion. Social liberty alone vouid effect 118 final removai; the working ciasses must be freed, their welfare sould be considered, and the assembly shouid take @ broad and truly iree view in this respect. them in the possession of their usurpations ever tue | ion were identical in | ‘The President resumed this portion of the debate by stating that all present were agreed as to liberty of opinion and of conscience; 1b Was not a subject ) for disc lon. “NO one can subject my conscience; | tals isc! as the light of the sun!” ‘The subject of | Teligious belief was quite another thing, and 1: was | the oraer of the day. As he understood tt, religious | liberty was that every one should be left free to ractice his belief, provided always he did not inter- ere with his neighbor or troubie the public peaco | Let us not raise questions; let us take each subject, | and each branch, in its time:—soctal, political aud | eligious liberty will triumpn. iguor Montalbano, of Palermo, delivered a very lengtby discourse, during which he was frequentiy | Interrupted by the audience, wuich found bis ubter- auces extremely potutiess and wearisome. His alm progorined members tute them free citizens of the of those who have compassion on 4 pe all those whose Ca enoee or, Lo vi fikdty SPomelaase, “snr nes anne At this juncture the assembiy began to clamor for the voting upon the various amendments offered and upon the commitiee’s programme, pure and ll og At firsts a rough vow was callea for by the President and taken by uplift ing of ‘This method was found so unsatis- factory that a motion for the vote by yeas and nays was made. Count Ricolardi, however, who had been tully madé@ aware of the growing con- fusion and irregularity of procedure, _ thore- upon rang bis bell vehemently ha brougut the meeung up short by ad announcement for whica the ai ce seemed wholly uuprepared, but wolch at the game time was uot unfavorably received by them. ‘Tue suggestion, he said, had oven made to him that there were present various distinguished representatives from foreigo uations who iad honored tue Auti-Council and Naples with their visit, and, therefore, he considered that such weighty questions as those unuer discas- sion could not be voted and decided upon without their intervention, (Applause.) ‘the foreigners, Who can give to our counct! @ cosmopolitan character, should most assuredly have their say. Some ol thei reached the city yesterday, others arrived this evening. Among the latter { wilt mention Mr. 4im- merman, from dtyria, in Austria, aud Messrs. Reg- nard, the delegate from Paris, and Bellot, from Mar- seilies. Monsieur Regnard, aithough much fatigued by his voyage and the delay encountered at Genoa Ou account of bad weather, will now address you. ‘The foreign element being thus brought tuatly to the Monsieur Regnard, who proved to be the Lion of the evening alter ail, stepped forward to the footughts and spoke nearly as 1ollows:—Gentle- men—l regret much not benny able to speak to you im the beantiful and clear italian language; we French, however, have the priviiege of being upder- stood everywhere, and theretore I will speak French you. Ihave been seut here by several tuousand of imy fellow citizens at Paris; and if we are to dis- cuss any religion, and particularly the Catholic religion, { would feel myself comperied 10 justice to ny constituents to withdraw. Tuey sont We here, and | am present to aitirm ilberty of conscicace, The Catholic religion ig not only the tyrant of Kowe, of Italy, of ‘but of all the countries where 1 rules. We come here to give you back Kome. To the Papacy do you owe tue Freuch occupation of Rome, walch ig maintained eaticely without our consent and in spite of us. (Enthusiastic cheers, Waring: of hats and handkerchiefs, Cries of “Vive repul France.”) No sooner were these words spoken and 80 applauded than a commissary ina tri-colpr scarf stood up in a box near the stage and dolivered himself of the following litte writven ad- dress, which he pulied out of his pocket:—"“The Assembly having gone outaide of its programme for the discussion of patiosophy and science, in order to treat social and political questions, and, moreover, expressed @ Wish for the destruction of the aciual system of government, as was done yesterday by One of its orutors, m the name of tue iaw | declare the present aitting suppresscd.”’ The commissary, wao had been stationed to observe with special aud fail aatuority, sent directly vy the Italian government from Fior- ence to muzzle the meeung whenever he shouid tuink fit, spoke in the most excited aud aaogry man- ner and tone. There was @ slight uproar und con- fusion on the part of the audience, Wheu the cormmmuis- sary got up out of his seat, and with an ex- cued, indignant frown made a motion which clearly said that if perfect quiet and obedience was nut yielded he woulda bave the Hall scoured by gens- darmesinatrice. All trouvle was avoided by tho prompt and sensible action of the Fresident, wao inanaged to secure slience by Nis bell ater a tew ino- ments, He said:—*l might invite tie assembly to disobey this order, as the law bas already oven in- voked without cause. We are here ln virtue of the constitution and of the laws of tae couutry, tiow- ever, to prevent any disorder, and wile enter a protest against the abuse Lo wich we are subjected, 1 invite you peaceiully to retire. Itis enough, in any evens, that we have been able to assemble here; the fact of our presence here is a sullicent protest against the Ecumenical Council at kome. | adjourn the assembly.” This advice was weil received, aud immediately those present began to disperse. ‘Ihe President aroge and struck an airline for his bat aad paraphernalia, which be had placed under a chair to One of the rear corners of tue stage. ‘I'he crowd in- vercepted hum and asked a thousand questions. Many volunteered advice as to the next best step m tue emergency. ‘he Count replied that ne had been siraid of something of the Kind coming trom Flo- rence; the government had all along been inunical to nim and the Anti-Vouncii; that he could prounse nothing at the moment. He was going home, being worn out by jatigue, Of bad heaith and puny pro- portions, he has suffercd additioually by tue triais ‘undergone in getting up this movement, Anxious for the latest intelligence, I followed in the wake Ol others, and soon placed myseil in speak- ing distance both with Count Ricciardi and the sup- pressing commissary. The latter, in reply to my queries, staved that he had expressly attended to dissolve the Anti-Council, as its memoers had spoken. against monarchy and 10 favor of republicanism on the day previous, and on ‘titat evening bad launched out on the fied of general poiitics. There 1s no doubt that the act was one of tyranny—a prepolenza, as called here. I was present all the tlme, at both sittings, and there was notwing said waicn could justily the suppresston of free speech. An isolated cry or two tn regard to republican france was made the pretext lor suppression. The opinion is alvided bere on the subject, Some assert that the Italian governmeni is really airaid of tne tendencies of such assemblies; otiers, that there is at present no real government force at Fioreuce. and that irrespousibie persons desired simply Ww show their power and vanity at the same ti ‘Tne Italians are really very indifferent as to the Roman or Neapolitan Councils; dogmas and reil- gions, in the abstract, leave them cold. Very few of tneir papers have even consecrated three lines to a@unounce the assemoly here, either its opening or suppression. They are indifferent. ‘We area acep- tical nation at the most.” They continue to din that phrase in foreign ears. This morning, as I bought thelr puny, dingy little sheets, to see if the nigh- handed act of last night nad brought blood, tears or words, and found them ignoring the whole sub- ject, 1 could not help reflecting that the news was being borne over the American Continent and circulating throughout New York this moruing, printed in the columns of the HgxaLp. Truly there 1s a difference between Neapolitan and American Journalism. Kicctardi has been informed by the Prefect of the city that the Anti-Councll will not be allowed to assemole in pabtic. The President, however, pru- poses to hoid private sittings at his residence. He says, in fine, taat it will be even better to have some fifty chosen foreigners and natives rather than a popular meeting of 500 people, who drown the alr with their cries. He told me to-day that he had great need of obstinacy and courage to maintain and execute his idea so far. The government and even the Italian Pariament (of which he is a mem- ber) had warred on him, and thateven he had en- countered the most bitter hostity in his own im- mediate family. ‘All of us are divided 1m our fami- ies on religious questions.’’ ‘This allusion is mereiy to the few aristocratic families. With some other prominent persons I have con- versed on tue eveut, and J find that tney ail con- sider the governmental action an error in politics and @ shame tor the national reputation, veing con- vinced that tue foreiga worid will 30 deem Li. SPAIN. The Ex-Queen and the Crown Jewels—Her Majesty’s Diamonds. The question of the Spanish crown jeweis, which Queen Isabella has been charged with taking away with her to France, is taken up by @ Paris journal, which seems to sptak from authority. ‘ihe writer bella before her marriage had no other jewela the diamond necklace, estimated at a miliion half of reals, and known under the name “Tachonea ille de Madrid.” ‘This had been presented as # gift to tne Princess by the municipal counell of that city at the time when they recognized her under oath as Princess of the Astur Secondly, a comb witi as. @ sun in brilliants, which had ‘boen bougnt for that same ceremony of taking the oath, The other jewels which the Queen possessed were very few aud their value small, The greater part had been ordered by her guardian, M. Auguatin Afguelles, and her intendant, M. Martin de los Heros, who were of opinion that the Queen had not suilicient jewelry, At the time of her marriage the King made her a present of a superb uit of pearl ornaments, which he had Inberited from the Infanta, bis mother, his brothers haying been in- demaliied by him for their share in the set in question, More recently, im 185i, the King also gave her a nuit of diamonds and sappiilres, which he and his brothers had obtained by heritaxe’ from their grand mother the Queon Dowager uf Naples, bie Majesty having aixo in thin case paid h's brothers for their portion. In 1801 other provosed to her two daughters to reesive ‘on account of the 1 amount #0 18,000,000, Queen" Taabelia marriage. Chnstina was worth was anal gnad The receiving Queen od, and the Infanta Lowise Feroanda position 35,600.000 in jewelry, pro- 4 0,900 in ofuamente and 10,/00,040 in specie. The former, having been piaced in possession of these 25,00,0W0, re- nounced her right,to the $0,000,000 whieh were to come to her as iusue of the bret marri ‘She did more; ounced id, on Ut ease of her Mother, be divided between all the offspring of the Queen mother'by her two unions. ‘These renunciations made by Queen Taabella, in concert with her husband, are regularly proved by legal documents. ‘There ia, therefore, evidence that the jewels possessed at present by Queen Isabella are composed of the gifts which the Municipal Council of Madrid and the King bestowed on C rticles which ahe bought with her own money; tho jewels which she has received ns presents thirty-six years of ber reign, either from her ‘or from several foreign sovereigns. And which the Queen Mother divided v7 ehildr from gifts which had n made by Ferdinand Vil.; and which, for that cause, not figured in the su ‘The importance of these jed, if people will remember that the nts’ alone of Queen Christina were worth over twenty millions of reals: Every ono is aware that, when Ferdinand Vil. returued to Spain in 1814, there were not any valuables {nw only « few jewels were to be found in the chapel nd the crown ii silver-ilt and ® aceptre of rock crystal in ceremonies. SIN THE IND'AN TERRITORY. _ Colonel P. P. Pichlyn, chief of the Choctaw In- Gians, has entered @ protest before the Commia- sioner of Indian Affairs on behaltof bis tribe, against @ violation of the treaty made With that tribe by lecting internal revenue tax tushat country. This ‘Was induced by the seiure of a tobacco factory a Tew days ago. INTEROCEANIC “SHORT CUTS." Quick Trip by New Routes in Ancient Lands—Grand Cairo—The Nile Expedi- tion—Alexandria to Naples—Sunday Among the Neapolitans — Btna, Stromboli and Vesuvius Con- trasted—A Blow in the Mediter- raneau—Marseilles—Pio Nono ‘ and His Followers—Lyons and Its Lions.” Jonpon, Dee. 14, 1869. ‘The grandes sétes which solemnized the opening of the Suez Ship Canal, as the whole reading world now knows, were broug?t to a close on che 21st wls. with a grand ball at Cairo, The three days follow- ing sufficed for trips to the Pyramids, the tombs, old Cairo, the gardens of Shoobra and other of the principal sights in and around the renowned and really interesting capital of Egypt, and oy the 25th your correspondent, in company witn a large num- ber of invited guests, was en route homeward. Before teaving Cairo I had a short interview with Sir Samuel Baker, about whose proposed expedition to the White Nile on behalf of the Egyptian govern- mont so much”has been reported of late. Much sur- prise has very naturally been expressed by the pub- lic at the delay in the movement of the expedition, and many reasons have been assigned therefor, such as that.the boats necessary for the transportation of animals and provisions were not ready; that the camels required for the expedition had to be for- warded to the upper cataract, and time woutd be required for that, and lastly, that Sir Samuel Baker himself was walting further insiruc- tions from the Viceroy before setting out, ‘here may have been more or tess of trutn in all these statements, but the main reason has been kept secret. It is that both the Khedive and the Egyptian exchequer are too much engrossed with the more pressing demands made upon them at this time to pay much attention to the subject, As long ago as August the expedition was an- nounced a8 ready co start, Its headquarters are still Skepheard’s Hotel, Cairo, and the prospect is that they will remain so for some time to come, In- deed 1t18 not improbable that the Viceroy’s recent acceptance of the Suitan ’s ultimatum will so mate- rially affect nis views in regard to tho acquisition of freah territory that the expedition will be shorn of much of its velat, if not abandoned altogether. Sie transit gloria, &c. On reaching Alexandria, which I dia via Sues and the slp canal on the 27th, 1 found the sieamer of the Adriatico Onrentale or Itallan hue announced to leave Alevandria for Brin» dist on the following Saturday, 80 tull that not even a sleeping berth could be obtained; and as my business would not brook delay I was compelled to take passage on the Alphee, of the Messageries [m- périales line, whic was to leave on the same day for Marseilles, calling at Naples on the way. ‘fhe Alphée leit Alexandria harbor shortly after four o'clock P. M. of Tucaday, November 30, with about forty-five frat cabin intng ed among whom were several correspondents for French and Engiugh papers, and after a delightful run of four duya and a@ half reached Napies eary on the morn- ing of sunday, December 5. Italy affording tne shortcut route from the East to Central and Northern Europe a majorityo’ the Alpnée’s passengers were only too glad to leave te beautiful blue waters of the Mediterranean behind them and seek terra jirmaagain. Others were on their way to Rome to attend the session of the Keu- menical Council. Among the latter was a Greek Datriarch, whose presence on board had been to me ‘one of the chief pleasures of the somewhat tedious Seldom tn the course of my long journeyings by land aad sea have [ looked upon a more interess- ing tace than his. It reminded me of one of those studies by Rubens or Corroggio of the apostolic dress, for which we must, alas, ook nowadays in one or other of the art galleries rather than in the most favored places of God’s ministry on earth. He, was on his way to the Pope’s Congress. He bia us goodby at Naples, and the cabin of the Alphes loss for me ita greatest attraction. N pl without laying any clatm to the architeocu- ral display which forma so striking a feature of Parts and otuer of the continental capital places, is, in my opinion, one of the most charming cities im tne world to visit. ‘The magnificent bay, environed py ranges of high bills, which at this season of the year are capped with snow; Vesuvius, which rears its gigantic cone on the right, and the picturesqtie city, which stretches in the form of a crescent along the shore in the immediate foreground, with the clear blue sky above and tue equally clear and trans- parent biue waters below and around you, all com- ine tO make up one Of the most striking pictures which has ever found its way into the traveller's portfolio. The beauty of the bay itself has, in my opinion, beeu considerably exaggerated; but it is impossible to study the picture produced by the com- bination of bay, mountain and city and come to any other conclusion than that they afford one of the mast, lovely, natural panormanic tableaux in tne worid. Naples, and indeed all the principal cities of Italy, are at this season thronged with visitors. Ameri- cans take the lead, a3 usual, in point of numoers and extravagance, or, a8 the hotel proprietors put 1, liberality. I found the Hotels Washington D’Amerique and United States full of them, and £ was informed by an intelligent foreigner “up” in such matters, that there were not less than 400 Ame- ricans m Naples alone at that time. Sy] will not permit of even @ passing mention of ali I saw in the course of my Suaday moraing’s stroll through Naples. It betug a lovely sunny day all Naples was abroad, and the Strada de Toledo, one of the principal thoroughfares, presented a most gay and animated appearance. At the Musée, in the room appropriated to the collection of pre- cous Btol 1 was gratified with an inspection of the relics found at Pompei, November 2. They ad been placed there but a few days belore. They consist of five Roman gold coins of the selene of am mitian, They are remarkably well preserv attract much attention. The collection of pictures in the art galleries of the Musée is among the finest im Europe. Ibid goodby to Naples soon after three o’ciock on Sunday, and, having the vast cabin of the Aiphee pretty much to myself, led a somewhat quiet life of it for the next two days. Itis@ somewhat remarkable fact, rendercd still more remarkabie by the reason that it is not gene- rally known, that three of the great volcanoes of the world, certutnly the three Leen in Europe, are all in tae Mediterranean and almost within sight of each other. They stand almost due north aad south, and within about one hundred miles of each other. Vesuvios, in the Bay of Naples; Stromboli the north- ermost of the Lipar} Isles, aud Etna, near the east coast of Sicily. They undoubtedly connected with each other, as when one Is in eruption the ovher two are quiet. [saw all of them to great advantage du this passage, aud should pronvunce Eina the most beautiful, Stromboli the most impressive and commanding, Vesuvius the mos¢ accessible anu most picturesque. The customary steamer route trom the East to Marseilles lies through the Straits of Bonifacio, but from Napies the route, via Elba, !s preterred to thét of the course taken by the Alphée. Oit Cape Corso, that northern extremity of Corsica, the wind, which had been blowing Iresh since leaving Naples. increased to a breeze, and by the time we hi crossed the Gulf of Genoa, and were off the litte group of Golden Isles, it was blowing an old fash- ioned gale, Fortunately it was from the right quar- ter, and the Alphee, proving a good sauior though a poor steamer, finally reached Marseilles early on ‘ruesday morning, the 7th inst. On tne folowing night Marseliles was brilliantly iiluminated Jn commemoration of the Immaculate Concepiion aud the opening of the Ecumenical Council at Rome. During the night the established order of such ceremonies was disturbed by a bana of the more liberal school of Cathulic believers, who paraded the steeets forthe purpose of putting out the lights. The same thing occurred at Lyons and other cities and towns In ihe south of France. It is, 1 wink, generally admitted that the Papacy 18 loos- ing much of its’ influence among the midaie ana working Classes of the empire, and (nat if the dogma of te Pope's infaltiviilty 18 insisted on by 018 Holi- ness, and made a test of Romana Catholic fatth im futurethat there will be a general scattering in every quarter. wJourneying nortliward from Marseilles, [ staid over in Lyons one day to visit some o1 the silk manulac- toric, for which the place 1s so celebrated. it is impossibie to arrive at any accurate estumate of the amount of silk manufactured in Lyons, as it 1s con- ducted by thousanas of independent workmen, scattered ail over the surrounding country for many miies, of whose product vo figures are kept by ve government, butit is known to be steadily on the Increas¢, and those best informed on the subject state that the value of the ‘unake” this year will exceed 400,000,000 irancs, or avout $80,000,000. Tt i @ most interesung as well as important branch of manulacture, and I wouid like to give you its more salteut features, did space permit. I may at some tuture time treat your laay readers to some secrets avout it, : ‘Through the courtesy of a friend connected with ‘thi periat government [am enabled to lay before the readers of the HERALD & compiete and pertectly accurate statement of the extent and condition of the French fleet, both naval and commercial feet, on the ist December curreut. If will have something to say in regard to their present service in my next, The suoscriptions to the new Yfurkish loan of £12,000,000 closed yesterday (ISth), Notwithstand- ing that Turkish bonds bear a bad name for secu- rity in England the loan has been readity negotiated, the high rate of interest—equal to twelve per cent— proving to great a temptation to be resisied by Messrs. Joun Bull and Company. The Pau Mai Gazette of this afternoon in a ell considered article on the suvjeot, ya:— “The most inveteraie railers against Turkey admit that the new loan will Keep her @ going tor | some years. Am investment in her bonds then ia Jess perlious, if the plan of reimvesting, say two per cent out of the eieven, is ado; QOF course, it adds, there still remains considerable risk.’ How much of this tweive millions will go for the purchase of munitions of war in case of aa Egyptian revolt?