The New York Herald Newspaper, December 8, 1869, Page 7

* a " Dy the dex! Dicer aviemaee eid rata, I red for their valid- action of she 1a are ecumenical, ticular. An Loumenical Council ia one Winoh repre> ‘the whole Cathoic Church. For such @ coun \. eit 16 SuMees that the clef part of the Church Biould have assembicd in agreement with the Sover- @yn Pouus. A General Council is one which 18 con- gpispans sor the nuwnver o1 prelates, bat wiich, rough Ks not being coaflrmed by the Sovereign Poutsil, or for some ocher reason, i§ Nob held to re- : eseas the wniversai Cauren, A Parttowlar Cauucil is cue which represents only ®@ poriion of the Caurch, Such Coanciis are:—First, Datloual, or primatial; second, provincial, or metro. politany thi, aiocssan, whlch are called sumply apne Rute 1.—Tho detnitions of an Ecumenical Council In mahler of alia or morais (vut obit they merely Pegard Wuscipline) are, wies upproved wy tie Sover- @lgn Pouud, certain and inialiole. dtdle 2.—~ ier Couucis, wuelier Gencral or Par. Weular, have cnly as inuch auLuority as have the @hurches whlou they represent. bei autpority May ve great, but it cannos Le jufallibie Unless i be solemnly congrused py the approbation of tue Holy General Councils Previously Bold. The following ate the Poumenical Councils whose acts and statutes have already recetved te sanction and ratidcation of the Supreme See ol Rome:— D 825,—The irst Council of Nice, which was held in the vel of Coastantine, and presidga over by Hiosius of Qordabda, the leuute oi tue Pope St. Sylvester; 873 prelates in 16 coademucd the heresy of Arms, which denied tie Givmity of desus Clint. « 881.—The Lirst Council of Constantinople, held under Pope Damasus ana Emperor Abeodosius; 150 prelates pat in -the Council aud coudemned the neresy of Macedonius, which + gp Menied tie Godhead of pad Hoiy Ghost 48%.—The Council of spuesus, uuder Pops St. Celes- ' tine, in whiten 431 prelates condemned the heresy ol Nestorius, afiirtmming that there wele two ais. tinct persous in Jesus Chiist. 451,—The Council of Chacedon, under Pope St, Leo, to which 630 prelates condemned the heresy of kutyches, denying the two distinct atures, divine and human, in Jesus Christ. 653.—The Second Council of Constantinople. under Pope Viguius and tae byzantine Munperor Jus- tijan, In which 183 prelates Bat. 92—Z'he imird Couvcl of Constantinople, under Pope Agatho, in which 189 preiates condemned the Monotielite heresy, that asserted Jesus Obrtsy..o have no human wil separate from the Divine wil, ‘W1.—She Second Council of Nice, under Pope Adrian J. in which seventy-five preistes con- demned the Iconoiasc heresy, that denied the lawiuiness of sacrea images aud pictures, 869.—Tie Fourth Council. of Coustautinopie, under Pope Adrisn Il, 10 which upwards of 209 pre- ates deposed the schisimaiic patriacch Phovius Gnd restored Ignatius to his nee. ‘4118.—fhe First Lateran Couuctl, under Caltxtas IL, in which 00 prelates abuilshed the invesuture ‘with riag and crosier. 2030.—1 he second Laveran Counoll, under Innocent. JL, in which 1,0°0 preiates sat. ‘The heresics of Feter of bruys and Arnoid of Brescia were con- demuned by 1%. ‘NW.—ihe Third Lateran Councii, under Alexander AiL., coudesined the heresies of the Waidenses and ihe Albigensea, 1285.—The Fourta Lateran Council, under Pope In- noceut 11.5 for geueral ievisiation. * 3246.—Vne First Council of Lyons, under Pope Inno- cent 1V., decreed a general crusade. P 274.—The Second Council of Lyons, under Pope Gregory X., attended by 500 prelates, decreed the duuble procession of the Holy Ghoat. 4341.—Tho Council of Vienne, under Pope Clement YV., 1n Whica 800 prelates abolished the order of the Kaights come, and coadeumued the Frau. . Ceili, the Beghardi and wie Beguins, U417.—ihe Council of Constance. ‘This Council, gebismatio in its commencement, arterwards gubuitied to Pope Gregory XL, aud 18 acts Were partially raiified by Pope Marun V. In wt the forty years’ disputed succession to the Seo of St. rever was terminated oy the voluutary resiguation of Gregory XL 1434,—1 he Council of tiorence, in which the act of reconciliation of the Greeks of the byzaniine empire was signed by 14t bishops, 1612.—‘Lue Fifth Laveran Council, coumenced under dulfas 41., conunusd under innocent X., at- tenued by 140 bishops, lor the re-estavlishinent Of Giscipiine. 1603.—Lhe Council of Trent, under the Popes Paul Ul., Julius IM, and Pius 1V., convened ior tue work 01 a general reformation and to define the Gourch’s doctime agati the heresies of Luther, Vaivin and @ Lost of overs. ‘This iasi Of these General Councils concludes its Yabors tor tue restoration of discipiire with thea ‘woris:-—"I( any ditiicuity should hereaiter arise in BUY Oi Lhe provinces (iis Loly synod trusts that the » Moat biessed (oman PortitY will take care, either by * oalling Buch Men Logeiier out of tie parucuiar pro- Vinces Where Lae dificuity shall have arisea whom Me snai\ deein Ui, or by the Conveaing of a General Council, if he should judge the saiué to be necessar' OF 12 avy Oller Way Wat may see. to lim more coi Veutent, (ai (he wants Of the provinces shall be pro- vided for, to the glory of God aud the tranquillity of the Chureu.” The Councils Cinssified. These Ecumeatcal Councils may be classed under the foliowing heads:— . First~The Tivst includes the eight Councils which wore lield in the Hast, Second--Tne second comprises the four Counctis held in the Basilva or Chuich of St. Jona Lateran, Bt Rome, Aud termed respocuvely tue first, second, third and fourta Councils of Lateran, whitch extended over tie years lvouw 1,124 to 1,240, Dow la- Lvs Rita third group of general Councils in- eludes tie tus) aod sseond gop Sf iuyons, Wat, Of Vieune anu tat of Slordate, Ghd thé dich Council of Lavcran—iive Councils, extendiog from 124 to 12, eR curtn—Tio four classification inciudes that of ‘Tront, weld ia L645. rk of th Péithor Conncits. ‘Tne twenty Ecumenical Councils which ‘have pro- orcded this, the first Council of the Vatican, may be rocapituiated ia the following order of enumeration ps Wo the period of their assembiage and resuits:— The Council of Nice (825), against the Arians; 2, OF Constanunople (351), against the Macedoniaos; 8B, Ephesus (isi), agaist Nestorius and the Fela- gians; 4, Chalcedon (451), against Batychus; 6, Becoud Constantinople (523), against the three Chapters; 6, Unrd of the same vity (630), against the monotieitats; 7, second of Nice (637), against Bile Iconoclasts; 4, fourth of Constantinople (56%), ggainst Phowns; 9, first Councti of the Lateran 42128), to reguiate varions matters of disclpliac; 10, gocond of the same (1189), against Araaud de Bres- cla; 11, third of same (11iv), On discipline; 12, fourth of same (1214), against the Ajvigeuses; 13, Lyons (1245), against ae uaporor Proderivk 11, the Buthor Of the lamous work “Ye Tribus @m bus”? (iioses, Jesus, Mahoinety; H epcon pame city (1274), for union with tho Grée Vienna, in Dauphine (toil), agatust the Templars; 16, of Pisa (1409), against tue great schism of the West; 17, of Constance (1414), against the Hussites and against tiree antipopes; 1s, of Florence (1422), for a second union with tag Greeks; 10; 01 Bale (4:1), Which giter twelve years of dissension ter- minated ja a schism; 20, of Trevt (1545, 1663) which had wo undergo bull moro Viclssitu tan its edecessor. . ba its earlier sittings 1t only counted four arch. Dishops oud tiventy-cight bishops, but im its jater Stages It possessed 112 prolatos . Of the work of the eariier—perhaps more fervent Councils, # special correspondent of the Iuxanp writes from London thus:— Of the first Councils it may be sald thatthe work of Gigh’ was cuieiy Liat of deiiuing theological Eight Qouncils were heid 1a we Kast, and those mostiy Mteresied respec! tuem were Greeks; for Wey took place before the separation Wweea the Nastera and Weavera Charcies. ‘Tue jrecks were always Wore or lesa specuiative in their Mcag, and during the Brat ages of the Church they pobeled against the docurimed of the Trinity, Icarnation and of the Divinity of our Saviour. The famous <Ariau, & Greok birth, but ® priest of Aicxandria by occupation, was the founder of what is called in the Catho- lio Church the Arian heresy. Lie prociaimed Doldly that Jesus Curist was not equal to God the Favier, and Was, io fact, but a man, a tiouga wich @ainiess nawure, This heresy spread al over the East with a rapidicy tuat novhsag could 410, and was Boceptea by patnircns, bishops, priests and laymen throughout the Various churches in Africa and Asia, It was to combat tus doctrine that tie lirst Kon menical Counet! was cailed togetver at Nice, In the year 325, and tere 330 bishops deciied and pro- Claimed that Gou Ute Son is equal and consabstan- tlal with God the -Father, There, also, it was that the “Nicene Creed,” which is au enlargement or Cevelopment of that which is called the “Apostie’s Oreed,'? was drawa up, sad isto this day used as the Romas Cuinolic missal, Xs Weil as the Hook of Oommon Prayer of Us /Totestant Ypiscopal Caurch, About fity or BiXiy yoars afcer the Couacil of Nice Bovther heresy sprung into eaimtence, the author of Which was Blucedonius, Patnarch of Con- Siaudnople. The chier teatare of this doc. wae to deny the divine of the Ghost, the thira mn of the Houy ''rinity, error, or heresy, was also very popalar, In- deed, throughout the Rast, and namerous pee who had not roveived the teaching of te Council of ice, Miso jolned it, At the same lime another he exact contrary of Arlanisiv, appeared, ‘as to the present day nover been fully eradi vie from tae Kasten Churches, It was termed janicheisi, and proaonnced that our Saviour haa Ro hwnan bouy or haman nature, but was in wit Fespeots divine, and oniy divine. ‘ihe Chureh was at tals period yery mach divided yndeed, for hous the the Episcopal authority was almost pow nt mm the hands of the Arun ebeisin embraced Manl- fa an ant.dov ‘ pened ie and the lower termed the tue docuiu ie and Bivo on acd. which ad become prevaicut ii tue Kast, the irks Council of Coustautinople, Which 18 second op the list | have B/Vea Above, Way Deis, any deciged the Drywoipica of ; j HF Va RAla hi Qamen in the yea Teaitirmed when tue Gounelot Mies nat pevlalned, namely, Gut AS ruthee and sae nas oor Beviour DAG & hh pavure, he wag Petal a cil gd and. pronounced its decisions (decisions which, ere confirmed , by the Pope of Rome before they were promulgated), When a new heresy, speculative, of uae 88 CO! ‘from the Easterns, broke out, aod to combatit the Cor hf mpinente the Wird upon my list, was convok: Gouncil of ice and thé First Council of Constanti- nopie had edectaaily set at rest the questions re. speoting tie divine navare of God the Son, aud had ajso spokea out and proclaimed tue opinion that Jesus Carist hud no gman nature fo be erroneous, But as yet the Church had nov ofi¢lelly, 80 to speak, aetnes in What manner or how Christ Was the bon 0! About the year A. D, 410 or 415, Nestorius, an archpriest. in Constantinople, began to teach that there Were in Jesus Christ two persons watted; tat the Son of God belug one of these persons, hud who'ly Aanclided the otuer, or human person, Dut that the former had never died, nad never sutfered and had Rot been born of Wwe Virgin Mary, Consequently that He was born at fethlehem, and who suffered aud died oa the cross, Wes the human nature and Luwan form; but that He who had ascended into heaven Was tho divine native of the saine being. ‘To com- bat vols dociriue, Which seems to us Westerns a kind of word playlng almost upon sacred subjects, the Uouuct ef Kyhesus was called together, and attired that Christ nada divine and @haman nature, fund (has bute were united tn the divine person: Liat itimust be said of Curist, aud therefore of God, that Le Was born of the Virgin Mary, suifered, died, avose again aud in the saine divine person ascended yuto heaven, Phe proceediags of the Ooyacil of Ephesus were confirined at Rome, and Nesvorius was coudemned, But the horesy exists gull iu (le Lest, aud is professed by a very large body of people called the Nestoriaus, who reside chiefly im the prov- ince near (he siie Of Unc auclent Nineveh. But before the Council of Ephesus had terminated tts sicting ayotuer aeresy (also speculative and also from among the Greeks) laa appeared, This was the peculiar doctrine of Eatychus, head of a monastery at Con. AlanLoop.e, Nesiorius had denied ive unity of .the person of Jesus Christ; Hutyeuus denied the duality of His natures. aera Lose Who held with tae mg- jority were defeated. ‘The Council was held to be of no effect ag regurag Ita Latter decisions, and tye bish- Obs appeaied vo anotber general council, Walch was heid ‘at Chalcedon im A. D. 451, and aftirmed that Christ was Consubstantial with God the Mather as regarded tis divinity, and consubstantial wita man as regarded His humanity; perfect in His humantiiy, beriect ia iis divinity; wae God and trae Man, with- out Conusion or change of eiuer natuce; not divi Sony but united, or gue oaly Son of Goa—the word made Lesh. Saint Peters ChurchesThe Council Hall. At St, Peter’s tho works are completed. We mien- tioned in a spectal letter from Rome, that an im- Mense carpet had arrived from Berlin to cover the Pontifical platform and the open space between the two episcopal hemicycles. The walls of the transept forming the Council Hall are covered -with draperies painted in distemper, and representing the Popes aad principal historical personages who have distin- * The gl ‘homseives in past Ecumenical Councils, the right and left of the auia, besides the galle- Ties of tue sienographers—oi whom there are forty irom the Cojege of the Propoganua—and thevio- glans, are to be seen two other gulleries or triounes, one termed. distinia, and the other distintissima; the former is destined for ambassadors and other perecns of high rank, while. the latter, graced with @ stperiative adjective, te for sovereigns or royal ‘Panes passing through or visiting Kowe, who will e Seals there if so disposed, but merely as specta- tors, No other class of the public will be admitred. TAY MILITARY GUARDS, The organization is completed of the Pontifical rer gerve yoluaicers, @ sori of civic guard, destined to share with the regular garrison the fatigues aud glories of tie internal service of the city, like the Palatine Guard, with this differ- ence, that the latter 18 principally composed of silop- keepers, wiuie the reserve volunteers are recruited auong the nobility and the upper middie classes, foreign a8 well a3 Roman, receiving no. pay and providing thelr own uniforms and equipments. ‘They are to Wear alittle hat, & la Uersagtiere, with capons’ feathers, @ dark blue tunic gud trousers, With green iacinga, and but! ieatoer belt, ‘They are to carry armes de precision—Remington Tifles. Tue corps is to be commanded by an ouicer dctavhed irom the reguiar army. lis strengta was caicuiated, according to the Original pian, at S00 mea, bub hitherw onty 485 have been enrolled, form- lpg iour Colpanies under the orders of Priaces Lan- celotts aud Aldobraudinia, and the two iarguises Patnizi. ‘Vhese volunteer rifemen deserve notice ia mater exciusively devoted vo tue Houmentcal Coun- cil, because’ they had made earnest application ior the houor of doing duiy at St. Peier’s during whe Council, beiore the favor Was granted thei, Parties in the Present: Council. Special correspondence, collected from oMecicial sources in Rome, convey some very precise injorma- tion as to the attitude asaumed by the various’ gec- tions of the Catholic Episcopate in respect to the Council. “he oly See counts om We complete aduesion of the italian and American bishops. The Froach bpiscopaie will form taree paruies—namely, the Uitramonianes, the Galiicans (led by the Arch. bishop of Paris) aud the Liverais (headed: by the Bishop of Oricaus), The German bishops wil be favorable to the Court of Rome on some questions, but will Nehementiz pepo ib ob Otwers, parcicularly (nose of @ political Aud social character. . Tue Hun- garian bishops will be aimost wholly in oppositron, und the same spirit 13 evinced by the bishops of Poriugal, While tue Spanish Hpiseopate, wich ono or twoexcepeions, 14 enureiy devoted to the Holy See. Altogether U aucan 18 dissatisiied. itis secure of @ majority, but tis Will Ja some Cases be Very nur- ToW; Aue Lhere is Leeson to HEliwVe buat cia po.ttical questigns Wil be waruily, if mot passionately, dis- jussed. — ‘The Tomporal Sovereigns and the Papacy= Attitede of the Princes Towards the Conacil, In. the bull “Jiterni Patris’’ of the 20th June, 1568, the Pope, without formally inviting the sovereigns, and merely expressing a hope “that not only would they not hinder the bishops from coming to the Council, but that they would favor and concur wita them, with the earest zeal gs is Atting for Catholic princea in everything that has for au the greater lory of God and the advantage of the sald Council,” left & doot open for negotiations if the temporal sovereigns thought proper to commence them witb a view oi belag represented in the assemblage, On the 20ta of September Prince Otho of bavarta, brother to the King, arrived in Rome. The Prince was received by the Pontitical Court witha degree of attention such as is usually paid only to a crowned head. Not only was he immediately waited upon by Monsignor Rucel, maestro dé camera of his Holiness, but this functionary was quickly followed by Mon- Bignor Pacca, the majordomo; and, lastly, Carqinal Antonelli visited the Prince, an honor his emineace is slow to concede to kings, Rome was as fonished that theso fiatteries aro renderoa to the brother of @ monarch whose minister fagued the famous circular on the Council, The following {3 the text of an autograph letter subsequently addressed by the King of Bavaria to the Archbishop of Mantéh on the occasion of the meeting Of the German Bishops at Fulda:— Lin », Oot, 21, 1869, My Dear Ancipisnor—I vel with piegsare the pastoral of the assembled prelates which you were kind enough to gendme, Sread it with the interest so tmportant a document meriis, and] re- foice to find expressed inst the conviction of ihe Germen bishops that the epproaching Council will proclaim no dovtrine in contradiction with the prin- Giples of justice, with the right of the State and tiose who represent its guthority, with the true interests of sctence or with the legitimate sere aud welfare of the Re tuasira T hope that the apttir of moderation with which tne meeiung was animated ‘Wii prevail in the Council, and tbat the latter may have for the Chureh the salutary effects which every good Catholic must desire. Lam, with affectionaie aympatuy, your ie LOUIS. The Kempten 6 (Bavaria) calls a:tention to the fact tuat according to aricie fifteen of tie Con- cordat conciued between Pope Pius VIL. and the King of that country, Maxinulian J (5th June, 1517), the archbishops and bish of that State are bound vo take an oath of fdeli conceived in these terms:— x Mi God's Hol; © the monarch, to entertain no reiations, to take part in no Council, notte bind myself, at home or avroad, by way alliance wi te might be inyurigns to public tran wiley. to make kuown to the King's government jadigal. to the which, el iu my diocese or else, may come to my knowledge, * Queen O}ga, of Wartemburg, arrived in Rome lately and paid a visit to the Pope, with whom she had a long couversation, The Pope complained that the Wurtemburg governmeng acted in a spirit of hostility to Catholics, and, without watting for a reply, addod:—"But the Wartempurg government iglonient compared with that of your brother (the Ozar of Russia), whose persecution of the Poies is ‘unremitting. My yredecessor gupplicated the Em- peror Nicholas on behalf ot the poor Poles, bat could obtain no induigeace for them.” Tne Holy Pathor then made an enérgotic appeal to the Queen to inter. code for Poland, coucluding with a solemn warning that “the present policy of her brother would prov yoke Divine vengeance.’? Tho Holy Se¢ is on tna “best terms” with the Court of the Tuileries, and Roman officials regard the appointment of M. Lefevre to the Secretarysnip of the Fronch embasay as @ token of the Emperor Napoleon’s eympathy. Napoloon himself cannot go to the Holy Cliy juat now. Ho kaows all about Romo, however, already, and was jcularly acquatnted with the predecessor of Pras in bis youth, As this Drowens Jangtaye 1¢ May Bot be CU Of plage to repabliah a docament which is likely to be pretty baa..been atacked. | This referred to during the recesses of the Council. We refer 10 the celebrated letter from tue: Prince President of the French Republic to Oolone) Edgar Ney. It rans thus:— My Drar Ney—The French anarmy to Kome to stile ftallan on the Contrary to reguiate it by preserving: its own excesses and to place It on & solid basis by. Teplacing on the Pontifical throne the prince who has been the firat to put himself boldly at the head Of all useial reforms. 1 hear with regret that the good iaventions of the Holy Favber, ike our owl endeavors, remain barrea in presence of hostile passion and tatiuence, I) 1g desired to make pro- Beription and tyranvy the basis of the re-ealy of the Pope. ‘Tell General Kostolan that he must not allow any act to be committed under the shadow of O07 26 wiuicn might alter tae charactes of our mnter- vention. ‘Lie reestablishment oF Spagemvoral power of the Pope can only take place on these conditions:—Gen- eral amuesiy, secularzation.of the administration, code Napoleon and liberal goverameat, 1 Was pel- sonally pained in Teaumg the proclamation of the Lhree Cardinals 40 see that no mention was made of France or of the suiferiags of our brave soldiers, Kivery insult offered to our flag or our uniform goes at to my heart, and {£ dese you to make it koows thatil Krance does noc sell her services she ab least demands tha}due acknowiedginent slall be wade of her sacrifices and abnegation. When our army wont (he round of Europe they Lert CVTYWULNE, Ges & AIK OF LEU passage, (ie desirUuc- Uon of the abuses of Pudalism Aud everyuhere sowed the germs of tiverty} Wt will not ve said that in 1849 a French army could act with any ater object or bring Qoout any other results, ‘dei the general to tuank the army, ia my name, for their noble conduct, J have learned with regrut that, physically even, they have not Loew treated as taey ought wo have been, Nothing ought to be ne- giected In establishing our troops. Kecelve, my dear Ney, the assurance of my Blnvere frieadslip, LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARIE. Count Menabrea, on the part of the King of Italy, after many repulse, has been permitted vo open ne- gollastens at tue Vatican. Ashe offers to leave tho Holy Saiker tue nomiuation to ail the vacant sees in italy, provided the conservative Cathohcs are ordered to take part in the political elections, he will probably carry his point, and King Victor Eman- wel thus loom up during tie sitting of the bishops. All the Lauin and German Powers are disposed to let the Council take a Iree and uninterrupted course, reserving the right of protesting alterwards agalust such Canons a8 may appear detrimental to the rights and interests of tue State. Such is the sense of M. de Beust’s reply to the advances of Privce Hohea- Iehe, aud such the diauest tendency of the French government, King William of Prassia sent along his famous carpet, and stands well with the Vatican a8 a gen- tleman, even if not as a Christian. His Apostolic Majesty the Emperor Francis Joseph, of Ausiria, stands preity much ‘on the feuce,’? put inclining against the Coancll, ‘The Prince of Wales may “drop in” to one of the hotels of Rome during tue time of the assemblage and “go round” a iittle, provided he can find any one there at that time to keep him campany, and “gtand fast’? In a bumper to “tie Queea, the Pope, and everybody—God bless them.” . "The ex-Queen of Spain; by her abdication in favor of the Prince of Asturias, has removed obstacles to her reception by the Court of Kome, and the Pope has sent her @ cordial invitation to visit the Wternal Clty. She may be accompanied by the young Prince of the Asturias, who 19 to receive his first commu. nion from the hands of the Pope. The ex-royal faiuily of Napies are almost always “on hand” ta the Holy City. Prince Charics, of Ruumanta, is expected. The Emperor of Russia ranks as a very “hard” sort of customer, His Majesty won’t have anytuing to do with the Coancll, He could not in dact attend— as the aunointed Head of a mval Church—althongh he spent mauy happy days im Rome during his youth, * Tbe Empress of France would have journeyed to the Vatican but the Pope has assured her Majesty that the accomuiodation jor ladies is very poor indeed. Tho Queen of Lngland remains a tolerant, friendiy neutral. FOREIGN ARMED INTERVENTIONS IN ROME. As “the Church is ever new, ever young, ever bap- tizing and. being baptized,” according to Catholic pulpit theory, so ‘suarching along,” in accordance with the spirit of the age, it may be able to maintain tiself by the Word alone. It has not been so hereto- fore honored, In such respoctit 1s useful for the purpose of our history to repeat YAR CHRONOLOGICAL Er{ToMe OF THY FORELGN IN- TERVENTIONS IN ETALY AT THY REQUEST OF THE POPES. The 29th of Octoder,* 1867, witnessed, for the if ibaly or the States of the Churoh, at the instigation of ihe Sovereign Pontify, Mactiaval noticed was the Popes had been always the principal obsiacie to the uniticauon of italy. “Themseives alien in Italy, they tuought that the vemporal power was end@an- red."? ‘ihe fuilowsng 18 tie historical index of tue ‘eign Interventions called in lialy by the Popes since the begin Ding of the temporal power:;— Musi—lu (34 we French, led by Charic3 Martel, entered Italy at tae request of Gregory LLL. “Second—in 756 the Frenca again invaded Italy, witi Pepin, at the reqnest of stepuen Li. diivd—in (76 the Freuch, wader Charlemagne, entered [taly for the third time at the request of Adrian. Fourth—To 779 the same Vhariemague restored the Pope Leon Il. J sii—to 372 another French intervenvion in Tialy wader the jead of Charies te old, at tie solicita- tion of Joba VILL Sixti—-In 877 the same Pope again called the French to his assistance. Seveith—in 879 whe same Pope called the Greeks, commanded by the Emperor Basil, £ighth—in 891 the Etaperor Arnolph sent a Ger- man Army at te renest of Pope Formose. Nivh--la $04 the same kmperbr sent another German army at the request of the same Pope. Jenti—In 966 Joun XL agaio requested a German intervention under the reign of Otho I. Bleventi—in 964 the same Pope again called Otho 1. to his assistance. Tvelfiii—In 967 Otho I, 18 again called by tue Pope Joun XiL Thirieenth—Tn 985 Otho IH, entered Italy at the request of Gregory IV. Fourlecnth—iu 9¥7 took place @ second faterven- tion by the same Emperor at une request of the same Pope. Hireenth—In 1018 Henry 11, ®mperor of Ger- many, intervened in Italy at the request of Popo Benoist Vil. Nireenth—1060 the Pope Nicholus Il. called the Normans to his assistance, Guichard, Duke of Normandy, Seventeenth—in L054 ‘was called by Pope Gregory Vi. Highieent—tn 1190 Lathario 1, intervened at the requesi of Pope Innocent Li, Neveteenth—In ie secona intervention of the same German Emperor at the request of the same Pope. sant Sage am. Pe Ms ga Barbarossa was called by the @ Eugene Li. pi RE te 1961 the French, led by the Duke of AP jou, intervened in Italy at (ue request of Ur- ‘wenty-seoond—In 1272 ‘yr lig Emperor of Ger- many, was catied by Nicholas tf. Poenty-thard—In 1309 tre French, commanded by patie of Valois, entered Italy at the request of jontiace, Rioensefourth—tp 1820, the Austrians eutered My at the solicitation of Jolin XXII. only finn 1361 Innoceut V1. called Charles IV., 2uiperor of Germany, Pocniy-sizth—In 1396 Louis of Hungaria was cated by Urban VI. Woe nii—In 1411 the Pope John XX. ealied nd, i oe of Germany. TH Hi—in 1479 Sixtus lV. requested the assistance of the Tarks against Venice. Toenty-nintim To 1487 ‘ies Vill. of France was calied by Innocent VIII. Thivtizit—1o 1409, under the reign of Louts XII, a french army reued in Italy at ihe request or Alexander VI. ‘ Thivdy-fst—Tn 1500 the sate Alexande? VI, called in italy the Spamtards under Ferdinand tue Catholic. Fhe ink 1606 the same Pope calied again the Freaclt. Thivty-nva—In 1608 the same Pope called the Frenoh and the Austrians Ce Thrw-fourde 10 1611 the same ore. requested the aasitance of the English and Spaniards, Thirtysgi—In Vox) pie Vs, Euaperor of Ger- many, sent an army into italy at the solicitation of Leon reyes (ar RT Pa the same Pope reqnonted the assistance of the Em ie of derraany af Heury Yili, of Wagland, of Ferdinand, ror Of trie ‘inirti-sevent n—In be iGaenens = oe VIL cailed again ‘les V., Kinpesor y onegnthth 1981 the Ausirians and the eutered Italy at the reqnest of Gregory XVI. Th pninth—in 1849 the French, tho rians and ihe Spaniards intervened at thd oltcltatiou of P ry feth—In 1860 the same Pope catied to his as- atstance the ultra-Catholied of France, Belgium aud irciand, Foriyefirst—In 1807 new French Intervention, the Popes wed the Prewelt inte “hy * ti ustrian 1 tues, tervention me intervention dite afoot, ‘of the Novmaus, Of” Huu: Garla gna oF Turkey once respectively, The Temporal Power of the Popes=Separa- of Charch and State. How vicissitudes the temporal Pe ed has , even in modern times! Mn 1790 tho temporal authority of the Pope was maintained by tho trepty of Tolentino, The year Jollowips it waa replaced by the Roman republic. Re-estab!lahed in 1804 by Napoleon L., it was overthrown by the Em- Peror himself in 1809, Restored tn 1814, the first care of the Pope, when he arrived im Rome on the 28th of May, was td abolish the French laws and 1a- stitations, to reinstall the Jesuits and reopen the Inquisition. Destroyed auew in 1848, again raised Up and sustained by the arms of France, it is now called in question after a crisis in which, without the heip of its powertal auxiliaries, it would have infaliibiy succumbed to the pressure of outside pubite opinion. Of the injarious effects of the union Oo” the Church with the State, and the conse- quent luterierence of lay princes in mavters purely of conscience, the exceeding great tribalations which the last Heamenica! Couuct!—of Trent- experienced aiford nad prool, Conyoked in the year 160, 1t met in 1645, nnd was eo ireguently displaced or suspended was did not Lexmtuate until 166%. The Duke of M ted tho meeting; next, the exigen- , ambassadors of Oberles V. decided the pe to Lransier 1 to Bologna; but the Emperor rr tained at rent the bishops of his States aud obliged Juligs U1. to re-establish the Assembly there. The King of uco provesied agaigst the resumption of the deiberaitons, and the Elector Maurice dispersed the Council, ouly met agai ten years iater to finaliy conc dimcult career. Such is tue way in which rs Passed, When people too readily lina- ee pLinces Were tie Very humbis subjects of the ‘ope. ry, tacy Were the “Bishops of tle or representatives Of civil society, sander Uiat ide they ex arignt of inter- S 2 badly deiined ‘aud consequenuy very little Wd. ‘tney had the right to covoke ihe Coun- d tue custom to exercise @ pressure, Occa- Y Violent, ol those wity sal there in order to ‘son or by their ampassadors. ue Vope and ule lay sovereig or Gach otuer, eather in accord OF I rivalry, according to the period, aad that Blute of things Was @ nubural efoct of the mw ture of civil and religious society. The pri part of ibe one and the Pope had ini the ocher, ‘Tie bisneps were the arbilrator ol etvil Bock heir feudal priviieg: park which they had ia tie te ons coatrary to U eociesiastical and secu- fie al arrs of religious ‘The Counc of ‘Trent changed jugs, 28 the Pope sueceeded in gel- clumed there superior Lo such aa. Beliblics. Since thea the Couactis, losing thor ancient character, can no longer be auyuiing but purely clerical meetags. and civil Bock tat state of ti ting himselt p: Pope Pius the Ninth and the Imy Potentntes, Outside of Ecumenical Connells, however, Pope Plus the Ninth himself has been obliged to call in the aid of the sword and temporalities of foreign lay- Men in order to sustain his position as @ temporal sovereign, Frauce, Italy, Germany, Ireland, Eng- land and America have each contributed armed Tecrilis for the army of nis Holes. dhe force assuiied a really organized shape in the year 1864 under guarantees of what is known as the : SEPTEMBER CONVENIION. This important document, which was ratified on the 16th of Septewber in that year between lealy, the Pope aud the Emperor Napolcon, reads;— AgticLe 1, Italy binds herself not to attack the acuual territory of the Holy Father, and to prevent, even by fo ce, every atiack coulng irom the interior against the suid territory. Akt, 2 4 Tauce wul withdraw her troops from the Poutirtcal states by degrees, nnd tn proportion as the army of we itoly Father snail be orgamzed. ‘The evacuation siail hevertheless be Complete witha the period of two years, 3 Ak, 4. ‘ine Itaian government will make no com- Platut against the organizauon of a Papal army, composed even of loreiga Cutnoiic volunteers, suiti- cieay to maintain Lae authority of the Holy atner and tranquility boLn In the interior aud on the fron- Uer ol Lie Sieies, provided that this toree shall not become a ineaus OF attack agaist the Italian goy- ernment. Ani. 4, Italy declares herself ready to euter into an arrangement to charge aersell wita & proporcon- ate part of lag uebi of tie jornicr Sates of the Ohureh. Aut. 6, The present convention shall be ratified, and the ralifieations exchanged in tue course of fiiteen days, or sooner if possin.e, Acting under the inspiration of the decrees of the Council. of Trent and in accordance with the epiriv of the Sopiember convention, as above, tue Papal bull convening the present Ecumenical Couucil does Us to sit in the body. “he omis- sion lias been remarked, and it 1s remarkable. It luupttes that unere are no longer Catholic crownos— “that is to say, thatthe order in which society has lived for the last thousand years no longer 1S. What veen called the “middie age” has come to hoi Juue, {$o.—the date of the pro. ion o: the bull “Alerm Peis’—is the date tuer era begins, Tue Church gad ied id Jack Bud born recognize it the Poe has depavted e ndcrsiand precedent of tne ancidot Sreut, aad has not med the representatives of the temporal authority: to that of the Vatican. Iu the butis of te sixteenth century the Empe- or and prigces were formatly mvited, Hmperer, the very Garistian Kau, dukes anu priagés,! were reques to appoar at ) Uf they were prevented, to send hus 16 Was that we seo at we Trent the represcacatives Spaio, voy, and otier priuces, ‘The ss. i in pomp of the at addresses In & were si of the has, consequently, in fact, Lon-appearrace of Owsar. and State wil spring in prineip either because te temporal vt hes no stare in ts, or because the cauona which Will be passed whi be so inivieravie that tie wixed and tranettory “Lhe tings. Rome herself to the paration of Charen 6 irom lus Counon, system actually In practice as Lo Lhe relawon of the two powers Will appear abnormal in every une’s eyes. Recuasaute, Donrdtors and Disputants, Wii regard to dissentients from the Caurch, such as all categories of Protestants aud Cathoiivs, auch as Jews, Molammedans, Ratiopalisis, &c., they have not been invited to the Coanch, but simply to ox- auune their own consciences asione conciitl, and to cansidor whother or not they are in the right way. Lut the admonition of his Holiness to Protestants to take advantage of #0 solemn Aa Oovasion as Lie ap- proaching Councl eariestiy to reflect upon ‘tue error of thew Ways and return ito the bosom of the true Charch,” fas mot exciied any remarkable sentiments of reconciliation to ome among Pro- testans comimuuicies, it 18 tnierred tuat whatever syimptorus of dissolution may have recen‘iy mani- fested themselves in Provesiantism, the Protestant ddea is 48 Lenacions as ever, Wiol is Well exem- pilfied by tie lately published letter to his Holiness irom the moderators of the Presvytertan Church in America. The Popo is said to have been very aM@icted sod disappointed at (he altitude assumed by the schismacies, Our readers are already informed of Father Hya- Ys defection from the rauks of Uatuolte ro) n and how he wished to lave Ins cage argued before tae Council; of tne desire evinsed by Rev. De. Cumming, ci Eagiand, to appear at the Conmnetl and lave @ theologica: discussionary tls with so.ue of the cardinais—perhays Antonnelli—or bishops, aad of the argumentative altitude assumed by some of the German hierarehs, Rey. Dr. Cumming observes:—“The Proiestant Vowers were invited to atiend the Council of Trent in 1560 on 1fs third convocation, But they dec a, a3 theiv requisitions or ratuer conditions we re- faved. If the Pope has been so good as to tell us of our grievous hovesies and peril of eternal dean and eatreated us to consider our awful position and re- view our witoie situation and “avail ourselves of ine opportunity of ino Couuct,” the least we owe or can give is our accepting the invitation and giving & Tepiy, justiiying as Wo Can the ground On Woick Wo stand,” pa epi What Wili Be the Result ?—The “Syllabus? or Pontifical Platform. ‘The readers of the Hewa.D, after a careful perusal of the above exhibit of oll the particulars connected with tie grand, historte, solemn and beauufully spectacular event of the opening of the Ecumentcal Council to-day, will naturally inquire, What will the bishops co? What will be the result ¢ In reply we may state tirat the actual work re- quired of the pr¢lates is. very little indeed, They Will be asked to accept the Syilabus, or new Papal Platiorm, aud adopt it without debate and by ac- clamation, It ig very probable they will do so. Tn the Bylavus the Successor of St, Peter enumer- ates lie “errors” of the day—recounts, in fact, the woes of the Ohureh. In the Apostolic Letters pub- lished above the Pope gives utterauce to his plant. Like as did the Trojan Eneas, in tie year 875 belose Christ, speaking to Dido, a lady of the highest rank at that moment im Carthage, his Toll- ness sets out with the “/nundun, OF Rey na Jubes me renovare dolorem,” ending with @ description of the manner tn which the bark of Peter ia buffeted by the adverse winds of the world in words almost similar to those in which the gon of Anchises depicted the triats and daygers of the aged ana faitufal Palinamis, the pilot of his fleet, after bis escape from ‘Troy. Like, as in the days and veuge of Virgil, itis tho“ Una BuruaNotusque raubt cre! ue procelila Africus; et vastos voivant: ad litora finctus;” or, “They rush together, the east wind, thenorth wind, aud the south wind, fruitful of storms, and roll vast billows to the slore.’? We therefore appond in conclusion a verbatim translation of tae dogument:— Now 7 The a Bylindus of 1864. 4 Syladus embracing the principal errora of our J tune While Haye been censured in consiatogial allo oO “tive quthority over tings sac HERALD, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8 1969—QUADRUPLE SHERT. cutions, and other apostolic Jetters of our most toy Petuee: Pope Prue Lx. PANTUSISM, MATURQLISM: AND ABIOLUTE RATIDN- ALIS: First—There exists no supreme all-wise and all- ovident Divine Being distinct from this universe, jor Cod is the same a8 mature and consequently is 1p truth, exists both in man wre fre God and have the very substance of God; and as God is oue and the same thing with the universe spirit 13 iaentical with matter, necessity with liberty, truth with fulse- hood, good with evil and queer: WALL Lajustioc, Seound—Ail action ef God upon mael.ud and the World must be denied. Thivd—Haman reason, without having apy regard Whatever to bie Deity, is the solo judge ol Uuth aut faisehoud, of good and evil; itis & law for itsell aad is suMoient by lis owa natural strength to provide for the good é? men and nations. Fourit-All the wuths of religion spring trom the natural power of yuman regson; wence reason 1s the chief rule whereby men can ai to obtal a kuowiedge of ali irnths of whate Fisth—Divtue reveation 18 conga. uy BUL/ECL LO CONSsLaNt Ogr Oss, corresponding to tue progiess made by huluao reason. ay ahd divine revelation ly uvt only ef 1 butisevyen injurious to tue perfect We human race, Sever the prophecies and miracies recorded and narrated in Scripture are but poetical fictions, and the mysteries of the Qhristian jeligion tne resuit of philosophical 1 of both iestaments Ut stateufents, aud Jesus Che MODERATE KA Righth—Smeoe human reason sic TeUugLon, questions in Lediogy sno manuer ad tose Oi ph Vouh—Alrthe dogiaas of Christa exception, are the object of natural « osopily, Aud Wuuan reason Ww torical cultivation 18 ca) ft strength and priaciples.of arriving of even the more abstrase dogi these dogmas have been propo: liseif as ifs oujeck. Fenii—Sinee the philosopher ts one vestigations; in ine books to be jeund fabulous 8 a8 high es id bo Weared of » withont any ce or pail can & his- Lat oWwiedge ed only io tue reason thing and philosophy anoiner, the ioroier has the might and daty of subuiitting himself to t he ‘authorley which t, philosophy 0 auy BU = bave approved of as trae, immay ther ean nor ought vo subnut i wi—The Church siould pot only never anl- ¢ Upon, bul Suould Loleraie the errors of aud should leave ttt Ger hands cor- ‘The decrees of .the apo, congregations interfere wity gress of scence, Thirtecnth—She method and principles, whereby the ancient scholastic aoctora cuiuysted theology are unsuited to ine necessities of our time gud tie progress of the scieaces. Fourteent—Philosopay should be treated without any rogard to supernatural revelation oro the aystem Of rath errors of Anthony Gunther, wh: the eplstle to the Cardigel, Archbishop or ( fmiam tuam,” Juna 15, 1857, and in that to vi Bresiaw, ‘Dolore haud medivere,” April 4), Lot0, INDLEPRRENTISM, LATATUDISAMLANISM, Pifteenca—isvery wan is tree to exabrace and pro- fess that reli,rtou Whicu, led by the Ligit of reason, he may have thought true, Sicwenii—Men may in the practice of any reli. gion find the path ot eternal saivation and atin eternal happiness, ‘Seventeen:t-—AU least good hopes ought to be en- tertamed of the saivation of those Why in no respect live in the true Church. Higitecnin—Protestantism is only a diferent form of the same true Christian religion, aad in it God May be pieased equally as Much as 1 (lie Catnolic Church. folie see and iue free pro- SUCIALISM, COMMUNISM, BECRET SOCINTIES, BIBLE BOCIETIES, CLERIOO-LIBERAL S001 . Svils ot tois kind gave been frequeutiy condemned, and in the most severe terms, In Ce Waeyciieal “yal Piuribus,” November 9 1546; in the ocution “Quibns Quantisque,”? April 20, 1s49; the Encyclical “Noxcitia eb Nobiscam,’? December cation “singular! Quidam,’ Dece: the Encyclical “Quanto Vouliclamar 10, 1863, ERRORS CONCERNING THE CHURCH AND HER RIGHT Nineleenth—Lne Clurcit is u ie and perte agciety absoiuvely irce, nor do ay peculiar and permanent rights conterred upou her by ner diving founder, but to the civil power it belongs to deine what are the Churen’s f iwitac the lieulis Within which she may haye power to exercise them, Lwentieth—Tho ecclesiastical posrer suonld not exercise tia autuority Without the pernusston and assent of the civil government. nty-first—The Church has not tho power of dogmatically detiaing that the religion o1 the Cato ne Churen 15 tae only true reigion, Pwentins » absolutely bind. ing Catno! tmuited to those wings only whteh Mave been declared by the Chareh’s jataliibie judgment dogmas ol iauh, to be beieved by all, Teenty-hivd—Romaa Pontifs Connells have gone beyond the tim usurping tho rignts of princes, Gefending maiters of faith aud mor: Twenty-Four (h—Te Chare employmg force, nor do: power, direct or tnd ifi—t r Y A804, and Dolore,? August nd Benmente wer lias been y , either exy auted to it by iY, be recalled “by t may, power at {ta Twenty-#r imate right of agave, fhe Ohureh has no inborn ond legit- t n at wi all care of aud de Charch shut outi rat tangs, vit Over Lelmpd- ubUsh even 13 govern- » Roman Por 4 of gover meat should b TRI tie" ad eccle- Tiuartyyerst : the trlat of clerics, moat, shoud be 3 , even Without consailis iy See, aad ax: 8 protest. Tharty icout any violation of natural equity the pe Jimmunity under wuiel aco Qxempted irom the purde ergoing and dischargmg mullcearydmy may be avrosate and such abrogation 1s demanded by t civil society, especially in a Btate Jor: wodel of free government. Thirty-trird—it comes not solely under ¢ tical Jurisdiction by & peculiar aud Daturai direct the teachings of theviozy. Tarty-fourti—The octmne of those Who ec the Homan Pontkl toa ruier, ind tg upon tho Universal Chureh, 13 a do availed only iu tne Middie A ogress of ed pun the some other Siate, either by the de counch or by the act of afi tite nation: Perarsiath—Tae deiiattion of a admits of no furtuer dispute, and ti way determine ta arrangements on staadin, Ta generat tonal eonucil > civil power uadel wv seventh—National churches withdrawn and totally separaved {rom tho oman Youlus euthor- iy may be joanded. ri Thirty-eight i—i he too arbitrary conduct of Roman Pontiffs contributed vo the Church's division to Hasiern and W EKRONS ONCE BOTH IN ITSELP CHURCH ‘ Thartninth—The state, a3 being the ortem and 1S, POSSLHICS @ Tight of ts OWA, 20 Nina Portieti~The teachlugs of the aro at variance Wika the weliociug aud ii suciciy. Forty first—The civil power, even when in the hands of a non-Catholw ruler, Nas an Laairecs nera- consequently possesses Nob Owly the right callel ex dee’, Wie right alao known as appel com Foriy-secont-—In case of & co laws, Civil aad ecclesusival, the civil LAW takes pre- cedencs, Foriy4nird—the State has the right to roscin @ecigre null and void solems conventions (com Callea concordat) having reference to tie € 1 rights appertuicing LO eccicsiastical inime entered into with the Apostolic See, without Sce’s consent, and even ayainst its protest. Forly-fourie—1oe civil authorivy may vance of matiors appertaiaing t@ redgisn, aya spirit governuwnt, Hence msy pats judge nent on tose 1nstructions Whion the pas.ors of te CIVEL SOCERI'Y COD IN It¥ RELATIONS (DERRD TO THR NO AND re “dy iy Coureh, im discharge of thelr duty, ioue tor the Gadauce of cor doterming concerniug the administrauen of the holy sacra ments and tue dispositions necessary tor recewinge Forty.yn—The whole government schools ia Which the cluldren of aay Cpe are edncavea;-episcopal seminaries ovty some degree excepted ‘ up to the. civ power, and given ¢ tat no right ot interferences wy any aticr be recognized as to tne managemons o, ¢ wie reguiation of the studies, the © degrees and the cnoiee or approval teachers, Poriy-sizth—-Even in ecclesiastical seminartes method Of studios to be adopted 1s a Acciston oF the State, Forty seventh.—the best constitu Society requires that popuiar scigois to whe chikaren of every civ, ai in genera Whicd are devote. bo. t and science and providing for 1! youth, should be withdrewa feou all the Chureh ana from ali her direct interference, aNd subjected to the Compiele von Of the civil ava politcal authority, so. With the Ideas Of tho rulers of the + standard of opinions comuonly art Poriycightig—Cavaolics | may Method of Instructing youuk whtca, whilo Hnitung ASIANS the Catholte tailt aad the Charel’s Quihority, Jooks exclusively, or at least chiety, to the KuoWw- Of natural Wungs and the ends of worklly Oe inioThe civil power has the right of preventing bishops and the fattnfal dvou woldiag free and mutual communication with tig |olnau Pond, Pitleth—Voe civil Authority has of ioseif the rigut of presenting bisuopa, and can requis of them to enter upon tie care ‘of thar diveewes belore receiv. onicab appomiunens Bod Aposwlical lederd Cod of patblie ate has also the right of depos ing bishops from the exercjee oF teu pasioral chargé, and is nob bound to. the Roman Pontt! di those -Chings whieh pte Be cat of bishopries aud the appolntujent of bishops, Fify-wecond—Government may, 1a its own chauge the age preseribed by cue Church for the lous profession of men aud Women, and may require of religious ordera that none be admitted to take solemn vows without is permission, ‘ P hivd—The laws securing uie status of rélle # and the exercise of tii rights and uid be abolished; the Stats even to ail those who wish vo withdra’ tous life they have entered upon, and to {heir solemn vows; aud in like manner the Stale Las power to suppress religious orders. colle- ebur and simple besetices, even such as uader the right of a patron, and at its pleasure on thelr goods and revenues, subjoting ublue service, sings and princes are nob only out urisdiction, but take precedence that bave ref gious i NATUKAL AND CHRISTIAN BTAICS, wii-"the laws of morality need no divine sanction, and It is not at all necessary that Tuman la should be inade conformable to the laws of we OF Feeeive Lui bindiag torce trom God, spiiteal and moral selance, aud State laws likewise, may and showd witadraw 4 from the jurisdiction of divine and eecic- ty. Pit F Siy-0tg hized bat material iorce, and all ime No other power should be recog- ‘al aisen) fad virtle should Rave for tts end the aceummiatin; aud angiucn sailating t ay posable, an 2 of pleasure. Stught consists in the material fact; all son men are an empty name, and humaa ne force of rigat. - Authority 13 notumg more than nutaert- dd Material Jorce, The injustice of a successfal deed takes vchity of right he principle of non-Intervention, aa be providimed und adiered boy 18 lawful to refuse obedienge to 4 aud even i rise in repelilon no violation of the most sored yeiration of any wieced aud atroe 1 Lo’ only not be ceudemmed, bus should be cousidered every way law and deservs ing of the Inghess praise When Gone for the love of country, 3 CONCERNING CHRISTIAN MATRIMONY. n no way can it be conceded that mawimony to tne dignity of a sfcrae hhe Sacrament of marriage {3 only am contract, and is divisinle from ifand exists simply in Lue Luptiat benedice seventh—The bond of matrimony 1s not indis- e by tie natural law, apd Alvorce, m the surict meaning o1 the word, may, ly various cases, be sane tioned by tte civil authority, v/uh—The Church has not the. power of diriment impediments to marriage, euch uz to (he State, by whose authori ‘uments of that kind may be removed. —it was in later ages the Uhuren began 1ueat impediments, not im her own rigat, Be, by iat right which she Rad borrowed from the tate, . Seventicth—The canons of the Countil of Trent whicu pass the censure of anathema on those who access that sacrament wo! dare to deny the Church’s power of enacting dirl- ment Impediments are either not dogmatical OF Must be understoud to refer to tuis borrowed power, Seveniy-vrst—The forma ordained by the Counell OF Treut does uot bind uader penally of nullity whens ever the State may have preserlved auother form, and may wish tha. Marriage wonder this pew fora) should be deemed vaild, ad—Bonivface VII. was the first to rt that tie Vow OF chastity taken in ordination Bonus marriag i SeventyaLiv By virtue of a purely civil contract, marriage, truly #0 called, may eCxiss among Chris. 4; and if 13 (alse that either tae contract of mar. Chnstians 18 alWays & sacrement oF is ho contract Uf the sacrament be @X- ‘Matrimonial causes and espousals own nature, to the civil tripunal, ead may be classed two other ecrors— peor the Seventy-four belong, of th N.B Tn ler} the cellbaey of the clergy and zeto thar of virginity. These smer in the eneyelical “Qui Plart Hand the ietter Ia the apostolic letter, RNING THE ROMAN PONTIZ¥’S IVIL PRINCEDOM. : —Chilvren of the Christian and Catho- dre disanited among Lhemiseives a3 W the of the temporal with tae spiritual rule, he abolliion of tae temporal power , lie See possesses would conduce E ERROKS or) Sevent Iie Charen ably very liberty and prosperity of the Oburcii. . N, B,Be ef y condemned there are many orien icity censured whtle laying down aud ase uit adbere with, on Apostolic 1.0); intue allo- miber dt, W450; e atoontion, “Jame i, and In the dilocation, “Maxtha Qui- 33 TO THE LIMERALe itis no } 7 expedivot in thts be Catholic religioa shouid be eonsid> Feugion Of lug State, to the exclue rins of worsliip. vopth—lience in some Catholte countries mn has been made by law jose countries ud be pers c exercise of their several forins of sion of ip. *t rninth—tt is utterly false that frit liberty utp aad luil Heease to every one opinions Or thoughts tends to y the morals and miads of na- tier abroad the plagae of indider. man Pontiff can and onght to arit Wil progress, The Most Rev. Archbishop Manning, of Westmin- ister, Dogiand, has been selected to propos@at an early period of the session of the Council that'thoss all by acclamation artirm the infallibiuty na Pontuts. St. Petews Chnir, St, Peter's Chatr, or the “Chair of St, Pater” nas been spokca of apd Known to Curistendom since the ewiy deys afler the establishment of tue Popedom in Lome, Or bistory of the Loumenical Couacis would be fiizhtly teomplete if prescated unaccom- panied by stow Of (als Bucieut seat. Bt, Peter av % a yclow chair, tormed of four by hotizontat bars; two being thers to lorm the back. Zhe four “ni y vace square, but they are much have aiso bad pieces cut “Work poruons wave been lieved more ocnamentai by ‘i, WICH orm the Whole i chair, aul wuiea appear to hate Ware tered Gb Qu frou the same causes Which Raye so altered the appearance of the legs. Tne panels and Mie :roat ant siies, aad the row of archts \ the ¢yiipanum aoove ulew, which form tie < ace 4180 Cmposed Oo. Lais woods But agse J and read the iaost reworsable circunsiance about these two diferent kinds Os Lanverhel 13 Liat all Uae ivory orae- S$ Wich cover (he front and oack of ine chair ttaciied Co te acacia porttons alone to the parts compored of oak, oageu bo pi the ornamentaton ts att: = Madd age of Charlemagne, and Some, SICh A8 C@gnoe, ivory panels, @re M0." spyciied oemed UKey to be as ai it is known tat vas astry of t89 Vatican, and con go. probable that up to that period & may have boeh Kayo m the crypt of St. Peter’a yomb or 12 the basilica of Constantineple. It wag moved from apei to chopel of tue Vatican betgre tye days 9 Aloyauder Vil., WhO enclosed it In broive pont pinced 16 ih oh men, ‘he Commemorative Monrment. A few w ¢ since Cardinal Berardi, who is at the head the Department of Pulite Works of tho Papal government, tid the founda fon stor ot @ monament jutended to transmis 4 recoliecusa Of the Loamentoal Counc) of Lie Vatwot 10 posierty. ‘This yweme- ( @ Vast sum Of money, 18 LO be 2 close Of ine great esha te pregenve of tie foreiga bishops, hasctond moaumeat 1a honor of the ta wao fell in the combate with lta ’ between 1860 and isd7, Tue assem wil (aus wppear 66 ideutiry Leouselves Fini, whielt wail oc lasugu da in ab Wiik tae cause of tue Pope’s temporal power, shunld the Pope Diet The intest advices trom Rome state that Pope Pius the Ninth hos become posossed of tue appre. hens 1) the excitement of ihe Beumenteat ater tan his healtn cau éydure, in Rowe tial A apal Buit tuat showid bis Holaess die Coune: tis will be 5 vin during the F vor 1s to bo elecie! t tie assembled pisheps, and not meret. clave of caidiaais in the tauner just Conviasion. Thus bave vo weed the history of the Vatholio Church frou ime O€ St, Peter to that of Pins the Ninth, 08 it sas been aMnoted in the procesdings of tweaty Roamenioal Councils. Wath retpour to the present—iwie drsh Cpanel of Hie Valiodu-eie bask is easter, ius cloctyledty aad steaia ace a! vaud on ald § dvs jor onr uve la sdomitting the wr reports of word 1a > Gay during ov Bb about coecuesion will Our special correspondents wa Some bo the COMME OL FG MEKALY (rout lay the sess.on, LOstority will therefore it. Itis to be hoped that po.wmc have entirely cvasod in tho world before the nexe Genevai Couhen incets, and that mankind —educated ang J cience—Will Hoa #abuilt Cusily for the co yn of Lis meee Moria! Poet: loes to the disci fo clergy Wie Will serve Gow ior te BAKO Of Godt var, dad speak LW TNE HALOm, (OM the Grand text gud in tue spirit Of the Sorctya ga the Mount. ity Migan eat, *