The New York Herald Newspaper, October 30, 1869, Page 4

4 “EUROPE. The Democratic Revolutionary Agitation in England and Ireland. Decay of the British Penny Press and Only Threo Paying News- papers in London. German Consolidation and Austrian | Interests Eastwar By mail from Europe we have the foi wing spe eial correspondence in elaboration of our cab te tele- grams to the 16th of uctober, ENGLAND. A Startling Political Demonstration in Lon- don—The Burial of Edward Martioy the Supposed Revolutionist Kelly. Lobos, Oct, 13, 1560, A startling and wonderful scene Was witnessed in the city of London on the 10th ingt.; & scene calou- Inted to make a deep impression on the minds of the people of England and to attract the serious atten- tion if not to excite the alarm of the government, ‘Tue readers of the HERALD have already been made acquainted with the singular circumstances attend- ing the casé @f a man called Edward Martin, an employé in the Queen's printing office, who a few days ago was taken toa London hospital, suflering from 4 fracture of ti 1 received tarough the | upsetting of acab im which he was riding, A detec- tive officer who happened to see the injured man at once declared bis conviction that he was Kelly, the Fenian, who was rescued from tle autho at the time of the Manchester riot and for whos apprehension @ rewurd has been offered by the British government. An eXumination of the papers found upon the man, who remained insensibie up to the moment of bis Geath, disclosed the fact that he was at least connected with the Fenian organt- zation; but although a variety of conflicting t mony was adduced atthe evidence regardiag th question of identity, noting could be elicited ft any of the Witnesses to throw light upon the pos he had held in the secret order. While two or three officers persisted iu the assertion that the remains were those of the veritable Kelly, several men came forward to swear that the dead man was Edward Martin. Farther than this they professed to know nothing. Whoever the poor fellow may have been he was dead, and yesterday was tle day sppoinced for his funeral. It had been understood that he was to be buried by the Feulan Brotherigod, and the afiernoon papers of ay announced that the police had instructions to break up the procession uy such demonstrauon be atiempted. ‘I's Yan error, or the aswounding & ynsiration and is peaceful, orderly x taught the poitc Butliorilies @ lessun of Wisdom and made them se siply abandon any idea of interferen ralhad been fixed for twelve o’ciock, the p! rendezvous being Lincoln's Inn Fields, whence the body was to be conveyed to Low Layton, near Strat- tord, As early lock the persons who were to lake part im the procession began to assemble, and before noon an array of avie-bodied men, set down by the London Jines a8 numbering 6,000, but in reality being not less than 9,600 in nuwoer, had gathered on the appuinted spot, while We whole neighborhood was, in addition, densely packed wi spectators, men, Wolen and children, who might haye been’ couuted by the tens of thousands. The procession was lormed in such excellent order, under the comuiai of marshals, as to make it evident at a glance that bot leaders and men were moyed by regu: Jarity and disciplae of an effective military organ walio. and the imposing col ge started on its marci, six deep, to Whe place of inlerment, But this was notall. At Whitechapel church a reserve force, set down mn the Loudon Times as “over 1,000 strong,” but pumberiig in Teatity 2,690 mon, gotioa the main body, wheeling into line with te pre- cussion of dmied troops, and further om, at Mule fnd, Bow and Stratiord, the line was extended by the ‘addition of other divisions to the number of 3,500 men; SO tat at the last a vast army of 15,000 strong, able-bodied men marched after the dead body of Martin or Kelly, or whoever he may have been, and when the last dnty had been per. formed broke up their ranks fu good order snd returned peacefuily aud soperly to their homes. {a there no Jesson, 0 war a ae ee d imposing demonstration’ Talk to an English- he will iaugh at you, and wits the stubbornness and assurance which are ns legitiwave characteristics, will scout the idea of Such @ proposition as tlie sub- limity of absurdity. Yet here 1s aman. holding a position in the Queen’s printing office, about whom the sharp and abie London detectives can discover absolusely nothing; Who dies in a hospital, and whose remains are followed to the grave by an army of men who spring up, as it were, from the eartl; ap army nuinber 16,000, well drilied, evidently under military training, orderly, sober, composad of men of whom the police kuow nothing and who are got together nobody knows how. If the de- ceased were not Kelly (he must at least have held a bigh and important position ip the ‘Fenian order) who and what was he besides an employe in @ public office where govera- ment secrets were likely to come under his ooserva- tion? Js there not somethiug starting in the fact even that he could have belonged for three years to 8 secret organization of such @ character as the Fenians without the Knowledge of the police oF of those with whom he was associated in business How much more startling does it become when it 18 discovered that bis position In tie Order was #0 high as to warrant what the'newspapers of the city calla demonstration the like of which bas never been seen in Londup,” and that, nevertheless, the police and the detectives are thrown entirely on tue ascent and can ascertain absolutely nothing about nim, not even for a certainty hia correct name! The tory organ, the Standard, 13 moved to serious reflec. tions by the wonderful spectaclo- ‘The funeral of Edward Martin,’ 1 says, “wus Dot that of a reader who had made friends his trade, or of an Jrisoman who had conc! wed the good will of those of his countrys sth whom he had come in ye OE BOL » dseditious Manifestation, comaaiily managed, undoubtedly arranged wish @care to avoid disturbance ana yet to make the demonstration sixuificant, which marks @ capacity for organization and a power of acting in concert seldom shown by irishmen, any 0b buppons ‘nat @ thousand or wore of the better-to-do class of Irishmen resideat in London, not hewers of wood and drawers of water, but mechanics of the bet: patd ciass—clerks, shopmeu and small tradesine Would bave assembied in Lincoin’s Inn Fields eleven o'clock in the morning, stood about there couple of hours, and tuen taken a walk of soine seven miles vv Iiford, merely todo honor 10 @ luck- less printer, Whofoverturned a cab and broke his skull? Aud if the supposition nad been originally possibte it Would not have ined possible aiter a momenvs ovservation of rowd which “m bied in Lincoin’s tun Fields and of the faueral proces. sion Which started ihence. The mouruers took care to show taat thee purpose was political, They wore in at Crape rosettes, a green ribbon, aud’ the fairer jortion came out in an escence of green calcu ted to bewilder more isngiish eyes, Whetner Mar tin were Keily or not, the demon day at i$ funeral Wasa Featan m: 10n, for all the fact that @ couple of policemen marclied at the bead of the procession aud gave the ume to the mourners." be es There 18 certainly food Lion oi yester. for serious reflection in the singular event; the more so from the fact that the organization which can at 4 momenv’s no. Bice, as it were, display this vast strength and this excellent discipline manages wo do secretly and elfectively that its very existence is deuted by the great bulk of the Kuglish peopie while the London detectives, whose ekill is pro- verbial, while aware of the existence of the Orde are utterly bailed in their attempts vo discover avy of its doings, No one preten@s that there i# danger of @ rising of the Fenia' mm London, and no one anticipates thas they are likely to depose the Queen, blow up the two houses of Parliament, imprison the Ministers and behead the Prince of Wales, But at the same time few thinking persons will deny thut there 1a serious danger to England in the existence in her midst of an organization that can muster in # single city, at @ brief notice, an army of 15,000 well drilled men, in whose hearts dwells @ stern and undying hatred of English rule. ie The London Newspaper Presa—Discontinnance the London Star—John Bright's Organ vod Party Organs Gonerally—A “Raw? rinting Office and Opposition to the Print» cr” UniouOuly Dives ¢ ity Papers Pay. LONDON, Oct. 14, 1869. he London Star has ceased to exist, Its last number made its appearance yesterday and announced to the public its intended discontinuance afver that date, and the transfer of its interests to the Davy News, The proprietors state brie fy the rea. Sons for their retirement from the feid of journalisin Their objects in establishing their paper fourteon yeats ago, they say, were twofold—tne firat being the advocacy and propagation of principles which were then regarded a¥ extreme in their beralism, Gnd the second the establishment of tue feasibiity Of supplying the public with a good nowsvaper | sense, been accomplished; sure. down by the conservative cavaliers, and as readily taken tery opened invo Incessaut play against the Premier, @ud as a natural L sid the watchword of the ministerial party; the Irish Church bill was carried through at the point of the bayonet over tue quailing (orms of the conservatives, and pow the Irish Land bill waich threatened to be a rock ahead feet. It any suf strength of the Uberal party,’ or, in other words, there is now no occasion lor Gladstone and Bright to have more than one organ between the two. permanent business basis, Journalism can alone win the confidence and sup- port of the inasses, and without tuese 4 newspaper enterprise Is hopeless. to pursue and money to spare he may induige in the luxury of “making ends meet” ofa Satarday might in A printing oftice. cl its work 80 } NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1869.—TR for a penny. ‘The latter aim they regard as no longer an expertment, anc they refer to the large number of penny papers now ia existence in Lon- don and the provinces a8 a proof of the soundness of the cheap principle in journalism; but at the same time they are silent as to the fact that the Siar, te pioneer aud one of the best of the class, has been @ losing investment from frst to last, and wouid cer- tamly not have been discontinued nad there been any prospect of a return of the large amount of capt- tul 1t has swallowed up. With reieresce to the po- litical ideas or principles which i Was the mntesion of tne Siar to spread, and Which Were regarded as ex- treme fourleen years ago, 1b is clauned that “they are now the accepted and organic articies of we liverai creed,”? While “causes which seemed foriorn and men who seemed Lapoasibie” when the Star Was first established “have achieved @ recognized mpl’ in che present day. ‘The conclusion is that oder these circumstances there 18 po longer any suifi¢ient reason for dividing tue newspaper strength M the liberal party,” aud ence the falling Siar lrops lovingly into the arms of we Vers, in weose keeping its cherisued principies and aims, it assures lis readers, Wid be sale, ‘The Lory opposition 1s, OF course, disposed to take a@ diiferent and less con- solatory view of the decease of the radical organ. Its mission, says the Slandard, has, indeed, 1n one but it is because ile ideas which the Star was founded to spread have been abandoned by it8 founders. rather than bo- use those ideas are now sccepted and organic ticies of the hberal creed. ‘There is @ certain amount of truth fa both state- ments, aiverse as they appear to be. The moderale liberals and the radicals gave eifected 3 compro- inise, and now stand Upon a platiorm that bridges over, as ib were, the two extremes of the party of progress. Certainly the more ultra notions of the Manchester school and the “peace at any price’ advocates have been abandoned; but just as certainly bas Mr. Gladstone advanced fo meet the radical jormers more than and ‘causes which seemed forlorn and men whe seemed iapossivie’ a few years ago have now “achieved a recognized triumph.” How fur tus 18 atertbutable to the obstinate stupidity of the conservative jeaders iS an open question. No doubt, as recently as the commencement of the pre- sent Parliament, the opposition had it in its power, by politic management and Umely concession on questious the fuai solution of which was fore- ordained, to disturb the harmony of # combination which embraced Incompatible opinions and disposi- he Had the Irish Caurch bili been 10m the first accepted as a becessity and met in a spirit of com- promise it would have been @ difficult task for the Minisury to have held together on their next mea- As it was, the tron gauntlet of war was cast Ci radical roundueads, The bat- and abuse, out seldom Parliament, was brought up by the of vilification in the British nsequence the lideral forces were welded her as only they can be Who have fought side by on the fleld of battle, “No surrender,’ became ¢ the liberala is a rock under their th re true thas “there 1s no longer leat reason for dividing the newspaper But the true cause of the decease of the Star must be looked for In a different direction. The paper has been discontinued because tt did not pay, and 1t dia Tuu ag 2 personal organ, Or at best as the organ of a clique. individuais Journals established Tegarded made successful. Speculauons may meet with an apparent success, from novelty, curiosity or some other cause, but in the end they are certain to aie out and be forgotten. It 1s the same In Eugland as im America; no mere penne organ, or Lo organ of a faction, can ever not pay because it was established and In the present age of electriciiy and steam and factions are a8 nothing, and in thelr interests are not newspapers and cap never be For a time, here and there, such as hope in these days to establish itself on a sound and Entire independence in While a politician has objects While the members of a faction or jue have offices to hold on to or preferment in View they may be Induced to subscrive w this or that Jwurhal (hat supports their claims and mterests. But Une dissolves fortunes, dissipates ainbition and dispers factions; and then the organ dependent upon etNer finds ilself deserted aud gives up the guost. The inteMigence of the people of the nineteenth century rejects a newspaper that distorts trath to wer party ends and shapes lis news to the de- mands of personal interests. Whatever thetr politi- cal seatiments may be, meu now look to the daily press (or facts, impartially and fearlessly stated, and formormation upon which they can rely, prefer- ring tc form their own judgments and draw their owl inferences rather than Lo be treated ag children or fools by # Par'y Journal. While the electric nerve sonunent to confinent and runs through évery portion of the couatry, the success of a purely party or personal journal is hopeless, Indeed, the wperience of all riatigns teaches that a great’ and wershadowing Success Can never be aculeved by ny bub a thoroughly indepenaeut newspaper, stand- ig aloof from sen and from parties and doing bat & feurlessiy in the cause of the people. The Star ws in MANY respects a good paper of its class, but idles oecause it is a personal journal—a jour- Liof # clique—and from no other cause, Its dis- entinnance will add to the distress which at pres- @ prevails in no ordinary degree among the poters of the metropolis, It will throw a tuber of men out of work whose condition Wi not be improved from the fact that they are “gs” and do not beiong to the Printers’ Union. Sizularly enough the Star, which was the great ad- vate of the right of the combinations of jabor agnst capital, Would employ no union men in its ofe. There are at present over 400 compositors on tbunion list 19 London standing idle, and this num- bewill be ewelled by the suspension of other dailies, mning and evening, which are well known to te omhetr last jegs. The uli Mall Gazette, the Sun ai the old Observer are said to be certain to go, On thother hand the little halfpenny #cho.18 said to be pyoering, and ambitiously desires to enter the 4 with a Inorning edition published at the same ve moderate price. There are, however, only ite morning dailies in London which are supposed We paying at the present time, and taese are the Tes, she Teiegraph and the Morning Advertiser, wh latter finds its support among the alehouses, Wh are “an institution” of some consequence in Umetropolis. IRELAND. ke About the Fenians in Mayo—Manure eape in the Chimney Corner—Fewale Dress tyles as Seen on the Ruadside—Cabin As- ciations—Landlordism and Baronial veculationAccumulation of Cattle and Decay of Men”—Treasures of the Coast pe and Deep—The “Wild Justice of Re- nge”’—An Affecting Scene and Melancholy msequence—Town Market ‘Tariff! by a ser—A Viceregal Visit. Westrort, Mayo, Oct. 15, 1869. concluded my last letter, dated October 10, aiptiy to catch the mai), which, like time ana U waits for no wan, hen the ‘sea weed" is gathered upon the beach bne tenants one would suppose the labor of the 1m who had risked bis life to snaten it from the ova bad ceased, but it only really has commenced. Pres of a very ciminutive size await with large bret panniers, Into which the rack—seaweed—ia tod and is alterwards carried over stony paths fovwo and sometimes five miles. The hardy coer follows (he sure-footed animal, like the Seh American in the journey from Santiago to Midova. or like the grave Andalioz crossing the tale lands that hag the base of that long chain of montehs in Southern Spain, the Sierra Morena. Piecontast between the people of Mayo, of the bowny ¢ Murrick, and those Mfty miles further east, ishs disinct as if they Were a thousand miles apart. Tie exptseion jess face and bine lip teil a tale of want mire trdnfully than if they were to repeat is ten tines ovr. They are ragged, aud like people who have surived @ jong famine after battling against it# )ang| and sorrows. Filth hag fastened upon then frop door to hearthstone; bat it is not the dirt Of azings—not the repulsive thing of the Nea- poltan, tuo, when enjoying his fare niente dolce, desroys rmin in tens, but the mastiness of thrift, of echhomy, if it can possibly be socalled, Ib is the quéaiuty fanimal manure that 14 to be found near tte firejiace,” aud which is preserved as cariuily @ the new dress that in never used but goMgLO Ad returni bribe fort) good whe ¢ from mass, to ad the land to nd owis to pay the rent, hot @ etter of choice with the email farmer to have ble phnure heaps indoors, uct it is a matter of neveasity. |! think | hear a farmer in the valley of the Mohayk exciaim, “Why don’t ne dirty devils put the ofa) into an outhonse?’ Notso fast. If Paddy bul) an outhouse, perhaps when te went to pay Gia rev oh tof the lord—the jatter would not condejwend eceive mm y (renia) from the fartners—Woald rm him So, Pateey, 1 see you've put up a snug pigsty, or cowbonse, or manure #n¢), and of course you are abie to pay five suilling® at acre more for ‘your farw.” Remon- strance wobld be useless. The word of the agent 1 the Jaw dO the farm, and he or she who does bot like it canjqnit and go to America, w the poor: house—the jetuge of Ireland's roubed, tax-oppressed peasantry, @, a8 one of the loraly representatives suid recentiy, io —. ‘The men are never barefooted, the women are, except going 10 und returning from mass. I saw an old Worn, Ww peared Lo be enciente, bare: legged and barefooted, dandiing a specimen of Muyo babyhood in herarms, Although J was seated po. & Car, and, of course, above her, I could easily See Whe tibia of both jegs, which were as visible as Ler nose, aud neitner appeared very attractive, But young women and middte aged ones have no shoes, and, of course, no stockings, Many wear dreases that, on level ground, keep their Ieet from beng Seen; but a few paces wil soon show that the owner of a bright eye and pot unpicasing is barefooted. I the unfortunate peasantry of the barony of Murrick are unshod, they are badly clad, and trey are fearfully housed, No mortal diving within the United States would believe the actual state of the people unless they aaw their houses, Imagine ponies, oatile and piga occnpying 8)ace im the dormitory of the family, Suck bemg We case, although goditness may prevail, cleanliness is nexé vw tupossibia, If they, as they eay, were to attempt to bud oub houses their rent would be raised, and Leaven knows tt is high enough already. We nave heard that the Irish ave lazy at home, but if Murrick & a proof industry must have @ different meaning from that generally knowa by mankind, | have seen girls not out of ther veens barefooled digging potatocs, cutting rashes, dotng tae work of men, whilo the male members Of the family were mowing or plow- wg, but ail working. We iknow that the appellation of “dirty Irish’! has passed the teeth of many who kuow more of Cima or ‘Mimbuectoo than taey do of the nearest tand to America, but no man would call them lazy or dirty if the system under which they live was known to the iiberal, intelligent public. What family could keep clean where beasts of burden are housed, and the grunts of the pig mingle with the geatle sighs of the Wwothless babe? Who is the cause of the indescribable misery of Mayo? ‘The chief ones are me Marquis of Sligo, tis brother, Lord John Browas, and the Karl of Lucan. Latterly the Hari ts imelined to be generous, but he bas evicted too many to entitie him to anything bus the scorn and coniempt of all ristian men, The Marquis’ brotier is @ great land speculavor; ta the actual lessee of bia brother's demense; rents half the tslands thatdot the bay; an admirer of “shorthorns " and personally super- intends the brecding of sheep. Kyery part of the cuunty 8 constantly under his eye for an tnyesiment to raise stock; once he be- comes the owner or lessee, Out go the tenants and in go the bullocks and heifers. It requires a great deal of provocation for a Mayo man to violate the jaw; bus to shoot @ landiord, no matter what offence he had committed him, would de- stroy his reason. He would as soon shoot or haug himself, But tne ny of despair, it ia feared, may overtake them ere long and compel them to unitate the “boys of Tipperary,’’ who are not only feared but respected by the English tn boy rie and by all tn Ireland, but have the esteem, strange to say, of all who hate oppression. ‘The coast here swarms with the finest mackerel and herring and the rivers nurse the best of salmon; but the Mayo child is as far from a dish of either as if he were at the base of une Pyramids. Not ao with the Cockney or stranger. If he brings an order from “Lord Johu” he Say cary of with him to Dublin, Birmingham or ndow 20 weight of salmon, but not an ounce of the same ia ever seen at the table of a Murrick peasant nor of the herring or mackerel. Boats and fishing cor are expensive; wituout taem itis impossibie to catch herrings and mackerel; but there are no fishing boats, because there 1 no security—because a “notice to quit!’ may be issued by Lord Sligo or his ageft the rst week the Mayo farmer has commenced his new calling. But, you ask, has there ever been aby ishing—have the peasantry of Mayo ever devoted themselves to the business? 1 answer, Yes. Forty years ago her- rings were as plenty as they are tb-day in Arkiow or Dubiin; thirty years past mackerel and her- rings were as abundant as im any part of the isiand, and the poorest were able to have a herring with their potatees, or, in- stead, @ juicy mackerel; but, although they are 1 millions off the coast, none are caught, because there is no security to embark in thé business, and since the mania for stock raising began there is not & poor tenant upon the extensive esate of Lord Sligo put may ve greeted any moruing before breakfast with a “notice to quit,’? ‘The Marquis’ brother, Lord John Browne, 13 a great speculator in choice grazing lands. Once he sets his eye upon aspot of land he never ceases to plot and counterplot until he becomes tts owner. Once he has the deed tn his possession the tenants on the same are instantly notified to ‘“vamose the ranch,” not- withstanding that they have promptiy paid thelr rent and have lived upon the same since they were born and their forefathers tilled the same acres, Lord Jotun resides in his brother's domain, a short distance from “the big house’’ of tle Marquis. He is a bachelor and an adept in cattle breeding. The Earl of Lucan is the dashing general who commanded the cavalry division at Balaklava, and who ordered the famous charge. [Long before his exploit in the Crimea he had thinned the population of Mayo. There are many in Americawho remember his wholesale evictions twenty yearsago; but, as 1 remarked before, he ts not so compicuous as he used to be; but the tenant who dn’ toe the line and vote for bis brother, Lord Bingham, whenever he desires to be sent to ihe lmperal Parilament, may “look ont for squalls.” Since iy last observant persons have tally exone- rated O'Neill Vany participation m tae murder of Mr. y scause he is @ very ignorant man, and 1 believe dves not know how to load a gan. When the alleged accomplices of the unknown assassin or assassins were discharged at the Newport Petty Sessions \ visited the spot where the rash man met his death, [ was preparec for @ dense shrubbery or wall— anything that would screen a man who was determined to take away life—but I saw nothing, At the exact place where Mr. Hunter fell the eye can see all around for some miles, but the fleid south of the road gradually drops to about five or #x feet; a man standing in the field, with one foot at each side of the intertor ditch, can barely conceal his head be- hind 4 ginal! furze vush in the fence aud nearly level with the road. A gun or pistol can be thrust unob- served through this bush. The wide, open country would naturally throw one off his guard; but the fact ia patent to any ordinary mind that the person who fired at Mr, Hunter carefully examined the ground, took up his quarters behind the furze bush aad fired with an unerring aim, sending the ball through bis beart, although in the vehicle with him at the time were his son, wife and servant, all af whom escaped unhurt. As a proof of the mur- derer’s coolness and skill 1m such matters, the snot was not fired until the wagon that carried him (Hun- ter) and family arrived opposite the farze bush. Here he bad to turn off the road and alright angies to tt, in order to take the narrow lane that leads to his own house. As he turned he expged his right flank to the assassin’s weapon. Although the night was very dark and the unfortunate man had driven very hard, the assassin knew well that fp would have to almost halt atthis pointto turn. Aa he did the report of a gun was heard, and a red flash burst through the furze bush, Whowe appalling echo was heard over a intle distant from the fatal spot, and as 1t was borne afar upon tne evenin, breeze the excia- mation “Oh!’ was hea to issue from Mr. Hunter's lips as he fei! dead into his wile’s arms. There 18 no doubt but the mur- derer l4 an excellent marksman; to qarge O'Neill with the commission of such an offence would be ridiculous; not a tenant on the estate could do it; irequired great skill and nerve; the proof that both were present is patent to all. Query—Have we @ secret organization of marksmen to shoot obnox- tous landlords? 1t looks very like it. All who have been shot at have been killed, severely wounded or, a Who accompanied them maimed or tiled. But Mr, Hunter has been harsh aad unkind towards the poor. He prosecuted a poor man for alleged trespass; he seized his jittle crop; ne could not finda manin the county to act ag balliff; he waa indiscreet enough tw do imself, He com- menced hia new calling on Friday, and walked to aad fro before O'Neill's potato pateb, like Francisco upon the platform before the Castie of Elsinore. On Sunday Mrs. O'Neill asked him for permission to dig a few potatoes for the family’s dinner, her littie ones were hungry. ifanter refused. She, 80 1 have been informed, went on her knees to him in the potato feild, but the ‘firm man’? was deaf to entreaties or tears. He cared not for O'Neill's “‘brate.” He knew Mra. O'Neill was only a common Iriah woman. “What business had she to have so many children.’? He laughed her prayers and vears to scorn. “The law” had decreed her husband his aebtor, Pay he showd or he and she and ail the prattling O'Neills should starve. He'd teach them a lesson. He'd be firm. He'd show them what he could do. The even- ing of the day he refused the weeping mother per- mission to dig a few potatoes that her husband and herself had planted he stood before his God with the mark of a builet wound th that member of bia body which ts supposed to ve the home of benevolence and kindness. One of the eurions sights in Westport is a large board containing‘ a sobedule of the tariffs and duties payabie to the Marquis of Sligo in the town of Westport.’? in frontof his lordship’s demense gate. He is the proprietor of the town, and per- mits whom he pleases to sell turf, butter, eygs or corn in the same. To sell calf the fee is one penny; fell leg of mutton ditto; to vend molasses or hobnalis in @ tent is one shilling, The list long one and te best commentary on the feudalism of Ireland. A hawker enters Westport with # bundle of Yankee notions. He can’t sell @ doll until he pays toll to— not the Queen or Lord Mayor—the Marquis of Sligo. Bui ireland, bear in mind, is @ free country. The railroad has ruined Westport. Once ithad a fine linen trade, and it was one of the first grain depots in Ireland in the days of mail coaches; fut the long rows of empty warehouses, the forlorn aspect of tue town and the silence of its quay tell a tale that 1s not very creditable to its lordly owner or the government that permits an individual to levy @ tax upon mutton or calico. But the noble proprietor has had the Viceroy to visit Westport during bis tour, and was greeted very cordially by all who desired to keep on the suany side of the Marquis’ favor. Flags and banners, Mowers and garlands were hung out al the expense of the Marquis, bat they appeared like the floral offerings that affection places upon & corpae. Karl Spencer did not investigate anything except the amontiiado and tokay of Westbourne Park, the Marquis? residence; but it would be un- fair to aver that his Visit has mot done any good. It has opened the eyes of some to the tricks of the noble landlord, how one Soe gentleman can hood- Wink anotier; it has momentarily stirred the corpse, as quicksilver Is said to move dead bodies, of ol Westport; pnt all ia quiet again; the fags and bai ners have been taken down; the flowers and § lands haye been allowed to be torn by “the idle wind;” the ‘‘schednie of tariffs,’ &c., remains, and Pat and Barney, When Wey desire to sell @ pig or goal, take care to have the Marquis’ feo ready before they Offer either for sais, Correspondents have an irksome task to perform in Jreiand. The creatures of the landlord surround them the moment they have an ink ling of their bu: ness; the poor farmer tas been instructed to tpform ali strangers that the landlord and agent are L agons of virtue, the purest and beat of men, e jatter are generally shy of communicating informa- tion; but a few words from me assured the peasant ‘hat I wase iriend—one that would not, a+ loess, telt the lord of the land what he had communicated tome, Many of the London correspondenta have, uninienuonally C presume, when dvttio or two of the agents’ wine began to work, told what Pat O'Mailey and Timothy O’Shaugunessey told them anout ths landlord and agent, ‘Tue unfortunate fellows, perhaps, when the snow covers mountain and moor, Wil be punished for the wo free use of their tongues, and Patrick and Timothy may curse the day that they told the story of their sorrows, of their vassatage; but the days of Irian feucalism must soon ead, The ughty proprietors of trish townlands were great friends of our negroes when our laws recognized slavery, and aided and abetted all the rantews of Exeter Hail, They were. toa man, united against us in the day and night of our struggle to save the nation, as shown by the HERALD 10 the cotton loan lst, Bat the English- Speaking world may turn a deaf ear to the piaint of the Irish tenant-at-wilt, because the poor Irish have no power. no voice, but the wrongs of years bave driven him te redress his own wrongs, to ultimo raw regnum. ‘The British Legislature will pass no bill securtog tho Irish tenant in his home; the rifle will never ve laid aside untti the landiores of Ireland are just and equitable. The stare wil! hear the report of musketry; blood will trickle to the earth, and Lhe angel of justice will be heard pro- chaiming in mid atr, “Murder, murder, most foul,” ‘There is an ‘‘Irrepreasiwie confict” in ireland. ‘The Parliament in London may @ law thac will wpone the conflici, but x will come as sure as ever slavery raised its impertoud arm to assault the sovereignty of the United States. observations of irish landiords and ténants-at-wul ts:— Fir—It ia xnown that there 1s a secret ization tho land ownere of Trotand with grades witch are conterted ‘acoording to (he rank and number of acres of the icant ‘Ab each semi-annual session. Its members tostants, but there are Catholics in it also sitting down upoa alow form. ‘Their pol oy 1340 grant no lease for for “ives, bot. to: lave “a ‘still tonniey} to Less daw the breeding of sinners, but to increase the breeding of aheep and ‘oxen, of German, Spanish tcan negfo when» slave, in good habitation and raimen and {s the mere creature of his landlord, like the peon Sow nd witen, be exhibits any Independence ho 0 more wretched peasantry exists upon tho face of the earth than the tenants-at-wili of Irciand, and particu- lurly of the Marquis of Sligo, the two Joka Brouuols and the Earl of Lucan, in the counsy of Mayo, Fou ch The ‘only ope of the poor laborer and the tenant arwill ts to be able to go to America eoie time before he LL Fith—To ralse the peasant farmer of Ireland to the mud- oil of respemaniiil a@radical and immediate chan; present relations of landiord and tenant must take StxtA—-To killa landiord ts not considered # crime, but an ect of great dari nd none are shot, or attempted to be shot, but baal al warioious men who hate the uatives, the poor aatives, of poor “ould Ireland.) AUSTRIA. Gity Tife in Vienna—A Cosmopolitan Popula~ tion and Civic Contralization—The Royal Prussian Visit—Hapeburg Ideas of Ultimate Rule in Germany—“‘Pressure Eastward”? to the Danube—Buron Bueast’s Policy-Ameri- can Intermediary Interests, Particularly in Russia. VIENNA, Oct. 13, 1869. ‘The Austrian capital is sure to please and Loterest @ traveller, especially if he come from the North. ‘There is more movement and variety in external life and more vivacity in manners than are to be found in any other German city. The Viennese form a type which ig dliferent, not only from the North Germans, but from the other people of the Grand Duchy. Vienna has for hundreds of years been the centre of attraction for furtune hunters and pleasure seekers from all parts of the many nationed domin- ions of the House of Hapsburg. Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, Italy and the South Slavonic countries all sent their contingents to make up the population of the capital, The result isa mixed race in which there is not more than half German blood, The Viennese are as different fromthe Berlin people as the Americans are from the English. The Viennese are often accused of confining their patriotism to their own city, and being perfectly satisded if all goes On well at home. This, I think, was more appli- cable in former timea than at present. Since Aus- tria has & constitution which, if successful, will give supremacy to the German race in this part of Europe insiead of giving it to a dynasty, as was the case previous to 1866, the people take @ great deal more more interest in politics, and wish not only that their city should prosper, but that we German race as represented by them shonid extend its tnnuence over the South and the Danube oountries, It may be said, indeed, thatthe Viennese think of their city very much as the Hungarians used to think of Hungary when they said, “£xtra Hungariam non est vila; et si est vita non est vila’—“Mere is no life outside of Hungary; and if there is life, 1 is not worth the living." Since the Bohemian elections are over and Count Boust has returned from lis flying trip through Eu. rope, the principal topic of discussion is tne ap- Regen! Visit of the Crown Prince of Prussia. lany persons are desirous to consider it as the be- ¢aniig of an entente cordiale between Berlin and yienna. Others contend, and, I think, with reason, that the two governments are so opposed tn tueir tendencies aud aims as to make anything beyond a mere outward and formal show of cordiality impos- sible. The alm of Prussia is, beyond doubt, to untie ail Germany under one government. ‘This is not only not concealed by the Prussians, but it ts more or less expected by the rest of tue policical world. A united Germany 1s sure to attract to itself the Ger- man part of Austria, for the reason that with copssi- tutionalism, as we understand it, the German it- nority wiil never be able to make headway against the other nationalities of the country, and the Ger- mans, after centuries of dominion, will never con- sent to hold a secondary position, which would be the result if the majority could rule. A con: tonal and united Germany would inevitably atirac to itself Western Austria, for it would insure success everywhere to the German element. ‘The nationalt- ties that are now causing Vienua so much trouble woula be overwhelmed by the influence of sorty or fifty millions of Germans, while at present they are putting Count Beust and his Ministry to their wits’ fe to find means to manage #0 formidable an oppo- sition. I have had a et conversation with # gentleman who has studied all the intricacies of Austrian poli- tics since 1848. After speaking @ short time about Austria ag she Was prior to 1806, he said:—"You have no doubt remarked that, though crippied at Sadowa and forced to cede one of her richest pro- vinces, though driven out of Germany and obliged to divide the empire into two parts 4 Gynete Hun- gary all ane demanded, the policy of Vienna ts still German and by no means Austrian.” “Why 13 this?” I asked. “Oh,” said he, “the House of Hapsburg has not yet given up the idea of ruling in Germany. Tne family that stood at the head of what was once known as the Holy Roman Empire has not yet acknowledged ite own defeat and is still playing the game for supremacy in Germany. Were it not for tas we should nave @ different réytine now, We should have the government bene port in the whole population of the empire inst of in the German alone, a8 is actually the case,” “Do you think, I asked, that the present tendency to Germanize the Slavonic people of Austria is 4 good one for the House of Hapsburg, and likely to result in success?" “The wish to rule in Austria through the German element alone,” he said, “and by iis infinence to Germanize the Siavonians, who are numer: greater, can be desirable only in view of gaining over the South German States, and thus tsol ting Prussia. This done, the future of Germany woul bein the hands of Austria, You, of course, know that the watchword of Germany is the ‘Drang nach Osten’ —‘Pressure Eastward.’ The Germans look forward to the thine when thelr civilization and influ- ence will bedominant in the Valley of the Danubo and the countries north and south of that great river. Directly east of Prussia there is very little that is mviting. Tue foreats and sand hills of Lithu- Ania are not pleasant dwelling places, and even if they Were, in order to obtain thet it would be neces- gary to settle accounts with Russia, who isa very disagreeable opponent when it comes to sword and bayonet, japoleon and Charles XII. found to their rief. Directly east of Austria lie the finest lands of Europe—lands which do not one-twentieth part of the produce of which they are able. If Ger- man inflaence is to be extended, and no German doubts that it can, this Is the only fleld in which to extend it. German influence, however, can make marked progress only when Germany becomes & unit. If Prussia succeeds in bringing together the German States, from that moment Cisiithuania ceases to havea raison a’étre, at ieast in a German sense. If, on the other hand, Anstria could succeed in Germanizing her Slavonic majorities, and attract towards Vienna the States not yet incorporated by Prussia, she would gain the upper hand, jor eho alone would be fo a position to offer a brilliant future to the German race, Prussia would be jeft alone in the North, without @& possibilityf extension, aud after a time Would be obliged to join the South." The whole question may ve, he added, summed up as follows:—'The people of Germany desire union and the possibility of future extension and develop- ment. With this they want as much liberty as pos- sible; bat they are willing to sacrifice liberty for a ume, if by #0 doing they are likely to assist in at taining the desired result, If the Hohenzollerns can unite Germany and make themselves the represenia- lives of a great Idea, every German will be ready, at least in po distant future, to follow thelr standard. If the Hapsburga succeed in gaining a considerabie art of Germany to thelr side, they would, by their favorable position, be able to offer a great field for German extension toward the Eaat, and would be likely to carry the day agama. the North. To attain such @ resale Austria i now straining every ne: Count Beust has had his say in neariy every Kuro- pean question, not because, in the Jast Instance, the power of Austria would be likely to be in 8 ting any question that needed settling by sword, but because the wily Premier is bit ‘to gain as much moral influence as poss inlo in the world outside, #0 as to be able to use it aa capital at home tn bringing to order the discord- ant elements of Cigiittinania. If Beust can succeed, and the western part of the empire can be onganirod on 4 German basis, the Orat step ts taken. But un- fortunately there is opposition evorywhi The Bohemian delegates, who represent the majority of voters, will neither attend the Diet at Prague nor come to the Parliament at Vieona, The Poles, who wish to follow the example of the Bohemians, came withio three in their vote of resolving not to come to Vienna, Beust wili not give way to the opposi- tion, though powerful. On the contrary, he is ma) ing friends with Prusais, with whose Chancellor he as been roconuy waving ® DeD and lok skirmish, IPLE SHERT. With Kassie, between which Power and austria che two. years” where” tas" Ween on austrian no Minister in in Vienna, A simple considered suMclent, Now, however, Count Cnotek, Lonemtan, has been inted to St, Petersburg tn order to altivate good relations with the Russian Court, Betore starting for his post Count Chotek took letters to the American Minister in St. Peters- burg, Mr. Curtin, Since Russia and America are on intumate terms It seems necessary to pay particular attention to Russia's friends. Lord Clarendon told the truth when he gatd there were no signs of war. No one wants war at present, and least of ali Austria. Count Beust's endeavors are now turned to peace, 80 that he may succe d in carrying out his plans at home aod break down the oppvsition. If he suc- coeds he will afterward endeavor to make head against Prussia, ‘These are the opinions of a man who has every opportunity for observing the play of politics 1a Germany. They show, Lf true, that Austria haa stiil @ difion'¢ task to accomplish before atriving at real constitullonal government, And a@ very didioult task if ahe wishes to regain supremacy in Germany. GERMANY. ‘Tho Prussian Diet in Sowion and Logisiative Work—Government Measures—Strong Oppo- sition—Tho Baden Question—Diplomatic Core respondence—Now Secretary to Washington Binmarck’s Economy—The German Protesi- ant Union. BERLIN, Oot. 14, 1869, Both houses of the Legislature have constituted themsetves by the electloa of their officers, Count Stolberg (Kbertard-Wernigerode) being lrsaident; Prince Putbus Vice President of the Upper Chamber, and Von Forckenveck, Président; Yon Koller and Von Bennigsen Vice Presidents of the Lower Uham- ber, The session promises to be full of interest, be- cause of the demands and propositions of govern- ment, which will meet with strong opposition, and vice versa the petitions of liberal representatives, which are of such a nature as to exclude all compro- mise. The Fortschritt party is preparing a series of bills which, though quite moderate and constitu- Uonal, will be looked upon as impudent by the Min- istry. Of these we may name only juries in press trials, civil marriage by the courts, abolition of newspaper stamp duty aud non-sectarian public schools, On Friday Baron Vonderheydt stood up boldly inthe Lower Chamber and presented it with three bills from the cornucopia oF the finance department, viz, the écat of 1868, showing a considerable deficit; the étatof 1369 requiring a new loan, and tho estt- mates for 1870, the Mgures of which demonstrate the necessity of increasing the income and other taxes throughout the State by twenty-five percent, He then proposed that the three bills should be preiimi- narily discussed in Committee of the Whole, butthe chamber did not agree to it, and it was resolved to let the question about the manner of proceeding lie over until the members should bave studied the bills, This reception does not augur well for the Minister ef Finance, and justities the opinion that the Lower Chamber will flatly refuse an increase of tax- ation, The Minister of the Interlor, Count Eulen- burg, who then offered his bill on reform of district government in the six Eastera provinces, closing also WIth recommending ita previous discussion 1m Com- mittee of the Who.e, was equally unsuccessful, the House refusing to decide upoa its treatment. The official press has been loud in its praise of the bi but it now turns out to be a reguiar oid fogy syste nota whit better than the one at present in use, though the misnomer of self-government 1s given to an administration to which the King appoints the principals, white the minor offices are fillea not by the nominees of the whole people in the district, but by four different castes of them, into which they are divided according to the size of their estates or property. ‘These are the generous and liberal gifts which in return for increased duties the goverument has pre- pared for the Prussian subjects. If there is but a spark of constitutional vitality left in this couatry we ought to see, in the course of a few weeks, the whole Cavinct, incigding, of course, our intend Herr von Miler made a Clean sweep of. As regards the heavy premium loan of one hun- dred millions for mortgages on railway undertakings Which government seeus to favor, bills are betng prepared in both houses condemning it in tue sirong- est possible manner, ue Baden question remains in statu quo, though itis an absolute fact thay Baden bas signified its readiness to enter the North German Contederation, A denial of this on the part or we Baden Premier cannot alter the real truth a8 shown by @ synopsis of a diplomatic note sent to the Prussian Ambassa- dor at Carisruhe, Count Flemming; who did not fail to communicate it to the Grand Ducal government. ‘The note at its outset contains the remark that on account of the serious malady which tareatens the life of the french Emperor, and the prospective changes in the institutions ‘of that country, Ger- mauy, and especially the South German Svates, en- terlain grave apprehensions as to the future. The royal Prussian goverument had seen with pleasure one of the South German goverumenis making early preparavions for such an eventuality, showing that ithad an eye fo the security of the interests con- fided to its care, In the meautime the proper mo- ment had not yet arrived, as the Berllu Cabinet knew for certain that the Emperor’s heaith did not afford ground for any grave auxiety, and the same would apply to the other apprehensions entertained by the Baden government, It says, further, that the Pras- sian policy has been in nowise inGuenced by exterior events, aud that its policy could not be swayed by the present situation of France. Alter the battle of Koniggratz, occupied with the reorganization of Germany, Prhssia did not fear to cross the Main on account of the other Powers, but in view of the in- ternal condition of South Germany; for it was lo- deed easier for Prussia to constitute the North Ger- man Bund out of homogeneous elements readily amalgamated. While the Grand Ducal government formally expressed a desire to enter the Bund it cannot refute, on the other hand, that the old sepa- Tatist spirit, a8 in 1866, is still predominant in the largest portion of South Germany. The Prus- sian interest, therefore, demanded that the wish of the Carsiruhe Cabinet shouid not be complied with Until the populations of Bavaria and Wurtemberg hold the same sentiments, and thus render possible the foundation of a general German Confederation. The clauses of the Prague treaty permit South Germany to enter into conventions with the North German Confederation, but it seems more suitable in this respect that South Germany should take the initiative. But upon this the united South must agree, for the entrance of one State only inta the Northern Bund would be neither expedient nor useful. The late deliberations at Muntcn, however, had shown but too clearly that the Soutnern States are not inclined to make the concessions requisite for the unity of Germany. These discussions bad, nevertheless, pointed out the direction of adminis- trative reforms in order to approach the Nort Ger- man Bund. This, if not literaliy, was the gist of tue note to Count Flemming, from ‘which it would ap- Ee that Baden, too forward, will have to bide her me. In consequence of the approach between Austria and Prussia we have to record an act of politeness consisting in a domictitary visit to the editor of the Correspondence Tscheque in this city, on account of @ requisition from Prague. Tue house of Mr. Fritsch, the editor, was ransacked by tne police and many documents carried off by them and confiscated, a8 a matter of course. The newly appointed Secretary of Legation to Washington, Baron von Aivensieben, formerly of St. Petersburg, has left for your country. The Hon. George Bancroft is at Konigsberg engaged in scientilic researches respecting tue writ ings of Emanuei Kant. Herr von Tbiie, Under Secretary of State for For- eign Affairs, has returned and resumed his duiles as the pro tem, chief of this department. Privy Coun- sellor Herr von Balan, who duriug the former's absence supplied his place, will return to hia post at Brussels. Herr von Kendell having returned from Varzin will soon set out for Cairo, to take part in the inver- national conference which 18 to deliberate on ques: tions touching the Suez Canal. ‘The city magistrates, in view of the deficit in their treasury, bave been very zealous in apportioning to each member of the community his appro- priate share of the public barden. Among those who have protested against too high AN assessment may be found the name of Count Bismarck. From his various oMces, namely, as Premier of Lauenburg, of russia, and Chan- cellor of the Bond, he draws @ compound salary of something like 4,000 thalers, adaed to whiok tne Interest on the national gift of 400,000 thalers in- creases it OY 20,060 more, taking in all & yearly income of 60,000 thalers. With an eye Lo doinestic economy the Count not only demands to be reauced on the assessment rolls, but that fliteen thalers, the amount he has to for stamp duty on drawing his salary, should be deducted therefrom. The sharp eyes of the cliy magnates discovered other sources of revenue, consisting of government property liabie to be taxed, auch ax the bank and the jot butid- ings, trade being carried on therein, Ip their finan Clal distress they asseased the tax at 12,000 thalers; bnt the old Ministerof Fmance, Baron Vonderheydt, Ja trying to screw them down to 6,000 shalers, which Will bejlikely to bring about a law suit, The interest in the Protestant Conference in- creased as it proceeded, for a much larger atiend- ance was observable on the second and third days, ‘The lion on the occasion was Dr. Schenkel, from Heldelberg, who spoke most eloquentiy and forcibly against the predominant system of consistories, in- sisting that te Church communities should be aliowed self-government and deprecating wat ultra orthodox party wno nad caused a split he Pro- testant Uniou aud were driving every liveral-minded member from the bosom of the Church, The other important onject—a separation of Church and schocl—tound an able exponent in Professor Dr. Holtamann, from Heidelberg. The general tenor of the resolutions adopted may be briefly described as follows:—"The Kyvangeli German Onureh thrown Into confusion and powerless against Roman attacks, because of the violent interference of the State, We want @ free and liberal commuual Church government; no hmit to scientific research, and away with the exclusive power of dogma. We Provent against the ol ct upon us by unsia’é religious authorities, We upon al men to aid usin the protection of Protestant Iib- erty and to join us In combating hierarchical tyranny, The chief direction of publlc alfaira shoul betong to the State alone; sny direct inverference of the Church authorities should cease; school trustees ought vo ve re) ntatives of both the Church and the laity; the administration of schools without re- Gard to creed; public schools to be open to all; church eatablishorents, where they still exist, to be regarded as private schools. Whether religtous {n- struction should be obligatory in public scnools or whether it should be left to the parents and guar- dians and the churches ig a question left open for future decision,” On the whole the Conference, though of too mild a tendency, was @ significant protest against Von Muller and the whole orthodox clique, FRANCE. Tho Telegraph System—Reduction of Rates. The Paris correspondent of she London Post, writing on the Oth instant, says:— The Journal OMciel contains a report by Viscount de Vougy, the Director General of Yelegrapns in France, announcing the further extension of tele- graphic communication throughout the empire, and also the further reduction of charges. The diminu- Won taking placo in the tariff of most foreign tele- graphic communication ts of the utmost interest to the commerctal world, The banker, the merchant and the small trader will not hesitate to use the telegraph more frequently whea he van do so at a price which is no longer @ consideration. Whenever reduced tariff on previous bigh charges nas been applied, the increase of messages has always ere jong bronght an increase of revenue, “bt course there must be large cities and popula- tions to work on. A general conviction prevails among continental governments (working as the: oy ae on ielegrans) ae reduced etd be rnational charges for messages ought to be the order of the day. We have had telegraphio international conferences at Vienna, in Italy, in the Danubian Principalities, &c., and already reduced and uniform charges are in practice, ‘There is every reason.to believe that the Londoner will ere long de able to deposit an ordinary message at the Submna- rine Telegraph office. ‘Threadneedle street, and send it t any capital of Europe for something like the charge Of about one franc for traversing each foreign State it goes over. At least such t the Opinion of those who believe that the telegraph 18 destined to do a very large amount of the work of the Post Office. ‘Ihe Director General of Teegrephy in France an- nounces @ reduction of one-half the old charges for sending the ordinary message, You may now send @ message from any bureau in the French empire toother bureaux for one franc. We may presume ‘that foreign messages going over the French lines willenjoy the same privileges, although nothing i said on tue Subject in M. de Vougy's report. We are told that @ great extension has taken place in the means of communication throughout the Frenca empire, and that Hugue's apparatus has been sub- Stituted for that of Morse. The report refers to the invention of M, Meyer, an “employé Frangaw’ now working between Paria and Lyons. This 18 called the system fac simile, and which system M. de Vougy considera is likely to be generally adopted under special cir- cumstances, ‘The main tuterest in the report is the indication given of # progressive reduction of charges not ouly in France, but in other continental States, while the adoption of uniform international tariff, taking into consideration zones or distances, wil faciiltate, economize and simplify intercommu- nication all over the world. In the “Exposé of the Sitoation of the Empire, 1869,” it is estimated that the French telegraphic establishment will during the current year euro 9,470,000f, ‘This includes the foreign as well as domestic traitic. We learn from the same chapter on telegraphs that the Chambers voted for the national telegraph service 2,000,000f. in 1868, and 1,500,000f, in 1869. But if the French tele- graph is not yet self-remunerating tt must be remembered that for governinent purposed the wires are taken to places where they are svarcely required for public use, and are almost a dead 1083. ITALY. The Empress of France in Venice—King Victor Emanuels Visit to Her Majesty—The Grand Papnl Dificulty—Is the King Excommani- cated or Will He Repent? The Paris correspondent of the London Post sup- Plies the following elaboration of our cable telegrams on the above named subjects:— A telegraphic message from Venice telis ua of the arrival of (ing Victor Emanuel in that city, and how bis Majesty walled on the Empress, and we alterwards the Empress returned the visit at the palace of the Doges. The meeting of the French Ampress and the Italian King, one may be pretty nearly sure, wag confined to etiquette, and by no means remarkably cordial. The excommunicated King of Italy meets the one great lady who, after lueen Igavella, is in higher favor with Pius 1X, than any other lady sovereign. The Empress perhaps would rather bave visited Venice with the Austrians playing their band w the hangers-on at St. Mark’s place than have arrived there to witness the Italian fag restored to tne Queen of the Adriatic, The political relations be- tween Italy and France have for a long time rather resembled sulking than anything else one can think of, Tne King of Italy 18 almost the only sovereyn Who has not at one time or other been the guest of the Emperor and the Empress of the French. Victor Emanuel would not come to see us during the period of the great universal exhibition in the Champ: de Mara. He holds very litte communication with Napoleon HL, althouga his son-in-law and daughter are the nearest relatives of the sovereign. His [m- perial Gigoness Prince Napoleon (Jerome) now and then pays a visit to Fioreuce. The politics of the cousis are doudtiess more in accordance with those of the Sovereign of Italy tuam certain persons at the Tuileries, ‘There ts always that irritating question of the vccupation of the States of the Church by & foreign soldiery gaping chasm-lixe bewween the two groupa of the Latin race. Italy has been told that she must never (the ous “never” of M. Rouherd ancorporate the oman people into the otherwise united brotherhood of {taly. Such # declaration has wounded the pride of the King as weil as bis sub- jects. According to the Italian view of the subject, the Italian Roman Catholic Popes ought to be under the guardianstip of the Itallan Roman Catholic pie. ‘They say that by the present arrangement France encourages with her presence the permanent hos- tility the Papacy keeps up against the constitutional kingdom of Italy. Cardinal Antonelli can now, as he does, insult Italy with Ce aor ‘The Vatican will have nothing to do with Italy excepting through France. The political churchmen of the Pontiff’s government encourage the exiled sovereigns, and say they are sure to return to their thrones some day by Means of @ foreign ariny. The ex-Dukes of Tuscany, Modena and Parma piace perfect faith tn the pro- phecles of the astrologers of the Papacy. is cannot do much harm to any one. But the Church can and does give the Italian government constant annoyance. The priests of the ultramontane school Keep up throughout italy @ sort of never endi rebellion against tne laws of the State. They wi upon the ignorance of the uneducated to create hatred towards the King and the constitution, and they are systematically thwarting all endeavors to educate the masses. Now, the Italians say that ‘Rome can do all this because French bayonets are in the States of the Church; whatever insolence and injury they may receive from Rome they cannot cross the frontiers, even with despatch of remon- strance. With such feelings and such ideas the King of Italy met the Empress Eugéaie in Venice, the city which Napojeon tif. presented to the Italian nation. It 13. a singular complication; @ strange entangled political web. The gondola of the Empreas will glide by the palace where not long ago resided the eider banished Bourbon of France, Henry V., with his little court of hangerd-on. Here churcli-caressed Austria ouly yesterday built fortifications, and be- Neved Lombardy to ve the strongest and richest portion of the empire. Here to-day Italy is con- templating how she can once more attract com- merce to the once famous ports of Venice. Wonder- ful changes of scenery have taken place lately m this old romantic theatre of so many historical glories, tragedies and festivities TRIAL OF SMALL ARMS FOR GOVERNMENT USE, By command of General Sherman the Board of OMcers asvembled at St. Louis, Mo., lor the revision of tactics, of which Major General J. M. Scboflela is president, will, in addition to the duties assigned them, also examime and report on the best smal arms and accoutrements for the use of the army of the United States. This Board will act in conjanc- ton with @ board of naval officers, and endeavor « posalble to adopt small arms of @ pattern and cali- bre suitable to both branches of the service, with common ammunition and parts interchangeable. ‘The commanding oiticers of the St, Louis Arseual and of the Engineer battalion at Jeferson Barracks are associated with the army board tn all its experi- ments and tests, and the troops stationed at these posts, with all their resources, are placed subject to the orders of this Board, wii & view to make Lhese tests as perfect as the tine allowed Will permit, The Board will embrace in ius examination the arms and accoutrements now in use, or Any Luat may be sent to it from any quarter whatever, subject to the conditions of this order; and all persons interested In small arms or accoutre- ments, in knapeacks or ersacks, are Invited to submit their ge to Inspection and test by this Board; and to wis end they may send their samples, properly boxed and marked, to the commanding officer of the St. Louis Arsenal, freight prepaid, a¢ any time prior to March 1, 3870, and the command- ing oMcer will cause the same to be receipted for, subject to the uses and conditions of this order. Owners and patentees will not be heard in person or by attorney, and must trust to the merits of their sampics, but they may gend along with their samples any printed or manu- script description to facilitate the manipulation of the pars. In the final report, which should, uf poa- sible, be rendered by May 1, 1570, the Board will designate the six best muskets for infantry, car- pines and pistols for cavalry and artillery, and six sete of accoutrements, Kuapsacks and haversacks, in the order of merit, and the War Department will purchase the same at @ price fixed by tue owner and approved by the Hoard. In making Its selec- tions the Board will take into consideration all the elementa of tho probiem—viz., simplicity of con- ‘action, uniformity of calibre, character of ammu- nivion, Interchangeability of parts and the condition of the present supply on hand in the various arse- nals, After the Board has made ite award ihe arms and accoutrements not selected will be renoxed and heid in the St, Louis Arsenal subject to tue order of the owner or his agent,