The New York Herald Newspaper, October 11, 1869, Page 5

prop eRs SOUTH AMERICA. THE PARAGUAYAN WAR, The Close of the Campaign—Tactics of ¢) Brazilian Commander—Lopez’s Strategy— The Capture of Peribebuy—Destruction of the Paruguayan Ficet—Devetion of Leper» “age eieeie Rio Jaxnmo, Sept. 11, 1869, By the City of Brusseis, via Loudon, | advisea you of the arrival of a telegram announcing the capture of Poribebuy, Lopez’s mountain capital. Since then several other telegrama have arrived relating other successes, and it would appear tuat Lopez, after succeeding in abandoning Ascurra unopposed, com- menced @ rapid retreat northward with 8,000 men and @xty cannon, hotly pursued by the Comte d’Eu and his allies, Lopez’s forces were beaten in several engagements, and at the jast date (the 2st of August) from the pursuing corps he was beyond the Manduvira with not more than 2,000 men and ten guns, and the pursuit was going on; but he was sap posed to have secured tea days’ start owlng to the various fights having delayed the pursuit, No despatches have yet reached the government in regard to operations, and ail that 1s yet known 18 gathercd from the telegrams and two or three let- ters wrftten in haste by actors in the warfare. By collating the scanty information received the fol- Jowing 13 more or jess @ summary Of Whatis sup- posed by a majority io be the eloging phase of the Paraguayan wa ‘The plan of the Comte d’Eu was this:—Abandon- jug te idea of assaulting Ascurra in frout, he resolved to force the mountains at both danks of that post simultaneously, and then, secur- ing Lope2’s tine of retreat, confine ht Mm <Ascurra and attack him by the rear, ¥or this plan of operations the allied armics were divided into two bodies. The Comte d’ku, With 16,000 Brazilians, 1,000 Argentines and 200 Ori- entails and Paraguayans, was to force the mountain gap of Valenzuela, about twenty miles to the allied right, and take Peribebuy and Caacupé, Lopez's capital ana arsenal. General Mitre, with 3,090 Argen- tives, and General Auto, with 5,000 Brazilians, formed the corps which was tu move to the lef, force the hill road to Altos and occupy the village of Barreiro Grande, through which Lopez would pass Mf he abandoned Ascurra aud Caacupé after Perl- Dvebuy was taken, The above was the plan, and che Cowie Ea wrote to the Emperor thatif Lopez remained in Ascwra he would bag hun and his whole army together. Tn the night of the 31st of July the Comte a’Eu sent ef his First army corps, under General Osorio, to take a position to the right, ready for action on all the dispositions being matured. On the 2d of August he set out himseif with the Second army corps, and on the 4th the First corps came to a Paraguayan work thrown up tv defend the road Jeading to the mountain road to Valenzuela, a vil- lage on the top. Tae entrenchment was tbrown up about a mile down the road, where it ran for six miles through dense wood, and it was armed with two brass four-pounders and defended by avout 600 men, AS an assault was liKely to cause severe loss, the Comte d’iu established his batteries in front and merely bombarded the work, while a large force of infantry was set to work to cut roads to the rear. This hadi the desired eifect, aud as fvon as the Paraguayans found that the Brazilians were approachiug their rear tiey abandoned tietr cannon aud fled, and thus the pas- sage was secuced with a loss of eight or ten wounded, Having thus far succeeded, the Comte d’£u hur- Tied on the first corps to secure ihe ascent of Vales zuela, aud on the 4th the Brazilian advance «dis- jodged We Paraguayans from works they were hastily throwing up for the defence of the road to Valenzuela, witch village was eccupied next day Without resistance, it not being fortified or defended, Some Brazilian prisoners weve iound in the village, besides a few of othcr countries, A sulphur factory Was in the neighborhood and it was desivoyed by a Party detached for the purpose, The Comte @Eu’s toops contmued by forced Marches to proceed to Peribeduy, and the van was constantly skirmishing with tue Varaguayaus, wLo harassed them at every opportunity. Lowever, on ‘the 10th of August the Brazilians arrived in front of Peribebay, On it veing reconnoitered It was found 40 be fortified with earthworks and a wide ditch and to be mounted with tweive pieces of cannon, some of thein 32-pounders, and to Mave @ garrison oi 1,500 to 2,000 men, ‘The same day a cavalry force was gent to try to occupy Barreiro Grande, where Lopez’s moter and sister were reported to be, but the Paraguay aus developed such sirengih in that direction that it became necessary lor the Conte diu that evening to send off jarge reiniorcements of imlantyy to rescue the cavalry, winci were in danger of being cut oi. ‘This delayed the assauit of Peribebuy from the Lith to the 12th. During tue night of the 10th the Brazlilan batte- ries were planted, and the troops sent off on the 10th Having returned next day, preparations were made for the assault early next morning. The troops antended for the stormmy were drawa up in foar columns, one of whic was to make a feiut on the strongest side, while the others rusied at three ints, At daybreak the ailied batteries began a avy bombardment, and about two hours awite: wards the order to storm was givea, The assail- ants were received witli terribie showers of grape, but, stimulated by their generals and by tae pr vence of the Cowle du, they pushed oa, and in ualf an hour had gained tae parapet m three places. ‘tne Paraguayans were in a@ manner caught inside; but tuey defended them- selves with desperation, with even bottles, stones and sticks. All the canuon were Captured, and Lie telegram reporis the Paraguayan joss at 600 killed and 800 wourded or prisoners, but 16 would seem that in the naimber of 600 prisoners were inciuded all the boys, oid men and women found inside. The allied joss is given at about 470 killed and wounded. ‘The Paraguayans were miserably armed, with vid guns, lances, Xc,, showing itat Lopez was very del- clent in smaii arms. Many allied prisoners were re- leased, un the 13th the Comte WEa marched out of Pevi- bebuy towards Caacupé, at tio same time detaching Jorces to prevent Lopez escaping vo the east or south. Bui although Caacupe was only a day’s march dis- tant, the ioads were in such a state that it was necessary to repair them to get the cannon supplies on, and it was not unt the 1th tat Ms arsenal wus reached. I was then learued that Lopez had lor two days beiore been mareniag through, having entirely evacnated Ascurra, aud the allicd corps under Mitre and Auto having faved effect the combined Movement in tiie to stop lus retreat. In fact, it Was not until the 12th that tuey forced the Alto’s ascent, and they did not reach Bar- Tero Grande until the 17in, owing to some yet una cou nted for deiay; consequently they were three ov four days too ivie for executing the object upon which the Comte d’Eu bad counted, thus leaving tame for Lopez to get oti. ihe machinery of Caacay ‘Was found smashed, A number of Rogush subjects were released, or came in from the woods, most of whom haa been employed in the Arsenal. ‘foese said that fifty small cannon had been cast, and tha when Lopes's troops passed chrougi they had sixty picoss with them, and that they Lumbered 8,000 to (0,000 men, A great miunber of distressed and sick Paraguayaus were at Cancupe, anu the English were also 1b a stare of great misery. At daybreak on the isth of August the Comte u's Lroops were again in motion in rapid pursuit of the Paraguayan army. ‘ile two corps of the Bra- wilians took different rvads, and at about eight in tae morning the Vanguard Of the Second army corps struck @ Paraguayan foree aud commenced skir- Mishing, but was called oi by the events occurring to the other army corps. About eight A, M, the Jeading troops of tais rirst corps found the main forces of the Paraguayans drawn up in line of bat- Me at the ford, where the road crossed a small but deep river called the Juquery. A large prairie ex- dsted along the river at Lat point, aud the road lead- Ang into it passed through a dense wood for some miles. Caballero, tie Paraguayan commander, had drawn up h forces in the prairie, with their front opposite tie eutrance of the road, and his right held the ford, on the opposite side of which the cannon were posted. The Brazilians were tuus exposed to a heavy fre as they deployed to their right to form their correspondin: front of battle, aud the place was therefore wel chosen, but while Cavallero’s forces did not exceed 4,000 to 6,000 men, the Comte d'iu cowd bring up 15,000, and his Lroops were vetter armed. in fact, the Comte déu took advantage of the supertority of the range of the Brazilian rifles, and established his skirmisuers at a distance such as to render the Paragnayan musketry almost innocuous, ‘while that of his troops was eiicacious, At hail-past eight o'clock A.M. the brazilian cannon and mus- ketry opened, and under tae protection of the fire the brigades of infantry, as they reached the fleid, Were formed on tie allied mght, and in a short ume the Paraguayan’a eft was so overreached by the superior numbers opposed to them that Caballero was forced to draw back his left at right angles, with its extreme toucn- dng the river, to prevent it being taken in fagk and overlapped, By about ten o'clock the Comte d’'bu had about 9,000 men on the fletd aud the ire on bot sides was heavy. An atiempt of the Braztitaus to seize the ford failed; for aithough the assaiients reached the ford, the grape from the cannon on te otner side repelled their crossing, However, the Brazilian cannon were established near the river and pounded the enomy’s battories. On (he Paras guayan left the resistance was stubborn, and finally the Comte d’Ku, growing impatient, and seeing lie could not disiodge the Paraguayan right, he ordered A division to attempt to cross the river ai & Point above and fail upon the rear. ‘hts wing was effected, the cavalry fell upon the Paraguayan’s flank and broke it; but they took refuge in @ wood and heia it with desperation. Can- non, however, were bi yy to bear upon the Paras guayans’ rear and shook them. The Brazilians felzed the moment, charged across the river and held the other side against the furious charges of the Pbewy, More VOObH YYULed AYroN, Wagons aud pursuit was which, on leara- had marched from the other road Ww take a part. By two P. M. the battle was over, Paraguayans remained posted four or ave miles farther on, aud the Brazilrans were too much exhausted by the day’s march ana battle to engage them, The few notices of the battle say the Para- guayan army was terribly routed in the four miles battle, 16 losing 1,000 killed, 700 prisoners, twenty- ove cannon, eleven fags aad forty wagons, while the logs of the Brazilians is given at only some 500 killed and wounded, On the 17th the Comte d’Eu was joined by General Mitre and Generat Auto, On the I8th the ailies recommenced the pursuit, marching in three corps, by three roads couverging ub Caragnatay, Mitre and Auto taking the right hand, while the Comte d’£u and Generai Victorino Jollowed the left and middle roads respectively. At about seven o'clock A, M. the centre coumn came on the /aragaayan troops whose pursuit had been Jeft unfimished on the 18th. ‘These numbered 1,500 men, with twelve cannon, posted in a bush road and covered with an earthwork. Alter a shelling by the Brazilians for about two hours the battery was taken by assault and the cavalry pursued the Para- guayuns, 40 of whom were captured, with the, cannoa. ‘ihe Brazilians own to a loss of some 200, On tie 2ist also the right and centre columns both had engagements with Paraguayan forces, that opposing the centre column having twelve cannon. ‘{hese engagements took place about twenty miles beyond tue river Manduvira, and in bota the tele- gram received here reports the routing of the Para- guayans, The telegrain aiso said that the pursuit was going ou, siuce whe nO further news has reached us. At that time the allies were carrying on their ope- rations about 120 mies from Ascurra, and they were depending on their supplies being sent up the Man- davira, wiich was ninety miles nearer. The six Paraguayan steamboats lying in the head waters of the Manduvira bad peea burned by order of Lopez as 8000 ag he learned of the defeat on the 16th, According to the allied telegrams Lopez had lost over Jorty cannon and 6,000 killed, wounded and prisouers, co tuat he could have only tweaty pieces and 2,000 men left, if the estimated number of his army when passing through Caacupe be correct. ite nimseit, however, did not wait for the result of the -everal engagements of his army, but pushed on with twenty cannon, iis body guard of 500 men and some otuer troops, while his army tried to keep back the allies, ov at least to detain tuem, The Brazilian vessels tried to cut of his crossing the Manduvira, but they were too late, and in ail probability be will be sate 1a the mountains of Caaguazu in spite of the hot pursuit by the allied cavairy, One or two Eng- lis, Cagineers have stuck to aim. At us moment It is impossibie to say whether the Paraguayan War 13 or 13 not at an end, for the man- her in which (he Paraguayans slick to and fight for Lopez is such that the snaxe may prove scotehed, not killed, However, the provisional governwent has issued two pompous decrees declarmg him the enemy of mankind and outlawed, and denouncin; all itis followers as traitors, It 1s generally believe here that if the pursuit iaul in catching Lopez, the allies wali leave 2,000 unen and an iron-ciad at Asua- cion support the provisional government until it is abie to ake care of ltseli, and will withdraw ail the otler forces from Paraguay. All the accounts agree In saying that the Para- guayaus are in an extreme condition of misery at present, and that great numbers have died of starv- ation, ‘Those that have come to the allies for food were emaciated and next to neked, and uniess the allies expend large gums for some time to come they wouid starve, How the provisional government is to raise funds to support the subjects seems as dili- cult as to getfur trom a Mextean cur. ‘rhe Brazilians found 104,000 miireis of their own paper noney at Peribebuy. This was what was got in the Marquis de Olinda when Lopez seized this steamer in 1865 while om her way to Matto Grosso, ‘They did not, however, find Lopez’s so much talked of treasures, Lopez had probably put them in sitfety, but some correspondents are bringing up su-caled deciarations of Paraguayan prisoners to the effect that in aide packages labelled Paraguayan dahon took away large sums in gold aud BRAZIL. fhe New American Minister—Pern Again Kepreseuted—Business Before the Logisine tuve=Sicam Navigation—Reilroad for the Country—Miscelianecous, RIO JANEMRO, Sept. 9, 1869, The Hon. Henry T. Blow had his audience with the Emperor on the 26th of August, and delivered him- self of a neat little speech about the friendly feeling of the President towards the Emperor and the vast trade in different products which the respective ¢li- mates of the two countvies furnished. To this the Eimperor responded that he thanked the President for this farther proof of the President's friendship, and he hoped that Mr. Blow would and in strength- ening the mutual friendly relations of their coun- tries, ‘The Peruvian Minister also has arrived in Rio and has had an audience, when he presented credentials irom the Peruvian President, regretting the breach of diplomatic relations caused by the “revolution- ary government.” This vew Ddiinister is Don J. M. La Torre Bueno, ‘he President of the Bank of Brazil, Senhor F. de Sailes Torre Homem, has resigned his post, which is & government appointment, with a large salary. The bank is considered a thoroughly rotten institution, and it is thought that when at the end of twenty years its whole issue 1s redeemed, ils capital of 23,000,000 milreia will be found swallowed up in unrealizable plantations and loans. As it pays twelve per cent its shares still sell at eighty per cent. Senhor Guilherme Schutz de Capanema, Director General of Telegraphs, has been crowing for the last fortnight over the wonderful fact that his Southern ime telegraphed the war news from Porto Alegre, a distance of 700 miles. To be sure, the telegraph gave out before the short despatch did, but the worthy Director General of Telegraphs had a right to exuit, for it was the first time the Southern telegraph had n able to keep at Work a quarter of an hour; and perhaps in another ten years one may get an auswer to a telegram sooner than by the regular mail, ‘The Chambers were to have ended on the 9th, but decree has extended their session until the in order to allow time to vote tne mates, of which only those of the Minis- of the empire have yet been passed, m the Senate, It is likely, however, that the Conscription bill, the Police Reform bili, the Mun cipal Keform bill and any otuer bill of importance, except the Docks bill, will not have time to pass the Senate this session. The depaties are voting two extraordinary credits, one of about 13,000,000 milreis for the Ministry of War, and one of 6,800,000 for that of Marine, for the latter part of the year 1860-70, which the Ministry hope will carry the war expenses over. A nuinber of exemptions trom dnues on tmaterialg have been granted to various “as, water, sewerage, tramroad, &c., works. ‘ihe Docks bill has passed the Deputies and been sent to the Seuate. Jt authorizes the government to grant concessions for docks, with warehouses and other conveniences, for terms not exceeding ninety year, the tari of charges to be mutually agreed upon, an to be reduced if tie profits exceed twelve per cent. At the end of the term the works would belong to the nation, without compensation, and at any time alter ten years past their completion the government may purchase them by giving national bonds for an amount sufficient to pay eight per cent on the cost of coustruction, As Boe gusta has yet been received in regard to the war, both houses of the Legislature have not yet taken cognizance of the reported successes, further than patting minutes recording their sorrow at the death of General John Menna Barreto, who was killed at the assault of Peribebuy. The first steamboat trip up the Purus has proved a decided mercantde success, but the vessel is found too long for such & twisting river, especially as th engines do not work independently. She got up high as the bluds of Hyuanahd, whici is some 60u miles up the river, and brought dowa a very iarge and vatuable cargo of gam elastic, &c. The provinces are in general hot upon provincial railroads, at least as regards legislating for tue chance of their being constructed. In St. Paulo the laws sanctioned authorize a provincial guai antee of seved per cent on the proposed rail- road from companies to Rio Claro, wich 18 estimated to cost $2,500,000, and grant the same guarantee, besides taking $609,000 in stock, to a company putting steamboats on the navigable part of the Parahyba, lying in St. Paulo, and connecting it with the St, aio and Santos Railroad by a traimroad. In Rio Grande de Sul a short railroad has been contracted tor with a company, to join Porto Alegre with Hamburg-berg, and the Legisia- ture purposed passing an act to authorize the taking of 6,000 shares in the railroad from Rio Grande to the Cundiota coal miaes. English capitalists, how- ever, hesitate to advance the money for this 140 muiles of line, without a guarantee of interest, not- withstanding the coal traiic which shouid grow up, A correspondent points out a weakness of Brazilian legislation when he says that the Rio Grande Legis: lature voted $46,000 for churches and only $4,600 for the great trunk and strategic road leading from the capital to the river Uragnay, New societies conunue to be forming for the pur- chase and freeing of siave children, These are con- fined to the northern provinces. St. Paulo and St. Catharine also have done someting iegisiatively, but tu Rio Janeiro neither the provincial nor tie general Legislatures nor private associations have done anything ior emancipation, except that the General Assembly has passed an act forbidding slave auctions, In future no private person will be allowed to sell thelr slaves by public sale, and judi- ¢iai sales wilt have to be effected by written tenders, 4 if @ question, however, whether this law will not work adversely to emancipation, as tie scandal of public sales excited attention to the evils of siavery and caused frequent purchases for freedom. A clerical scandal has been brought before the Archb, BOD of Bahia by 177 persons who signed the tition, If all the allegations be true, the Rev. Vicar tano Ms dé Siva 18 8 herd case, even Jor @ Bra- BiAD Dri@sy MONDAY, MEXICO. Opeutng of the Mexico and Vera Crnz Raile road—Festivities on the Occaslou—What Was Said at the Banquet—Negrete—Cor- respondence Between the Mexican and American Governmente—Romero’s Financial Statement—The National Debt—Taxes and Tariff=Claime, Orry or Mexico, Sept. 20, 1869. ‘The opening of the Puebla branch of the Mexico and Vera Cruz Railroad marks the beginning of 9 new epoch in the history of Mexican progress, 40 age of quick transit and closer intercourse between different parts of tae republic, and at the same tine, At 18 to be hoped for the Interest of the country, that it marks the end of the age of animal }ocomotion a8 & principal means of intercourse, and of mule pack- ing as the only means of transporting merchandise and the products of the land, The iast ral! of thls road was put down September 10, and from that time untll the 16th construction trains were con- stautiy running over the uew portion. The station house at Puebla, begun in July, was go far com- pleted that the roof could be put on the greater part of it by the 16th, Such despatch 18 rarely seen in Mexico, ‘The building furnishes a striking contrast to the mas- sive Mexican architecture, being a stone building with portico aud wings in good propertion, resem- bling the simali stations of European roads. Flower beds occupy the space between the foovwalk and carriage drive, and, when compieted, the station will be @ very atiraciive spot, and very creditable to those by whom it was designed and executed, The road being completed, Mr. Gorsuch, an Amerl- can engineer, Was appointed by the government to Inspece it, WhO Went over tle new portion on the 14th, and reported it ready for travel. The rolling stock of the company, transported at great cost from Vera Cruz in caris, is sufficient for the ordinary travel of the road, but is uot capable of transporting @ very large excursion; sitll, over 1,500 invitations were given ont, exclusive of those which were re- turned by parties who were unable to make use of them, Jn this number were incinded the Presi- dent and binet and the principal oficials of Mexico. ‘wo trains were made up of the American and English cars of the company, while a third con- sisted of freight cars prepared in the best manner possible, An American car was very beautfully Mt. ted up for the President and Cabinet. At an early hour on the 16th the people began to congre- gate at the Buena Vista station in Mexico, amoag which the belies of the city largely predominated, The opening of Congress, the festivities in the Ala- meda and all the other rare events which were transpiring at the same time were forgoiten in the excitemeat of witnessing an event of much greater novelty—the starting of a grand railroad excursion. ‘The great mass of the people were kept without the gateway of the station by a guard furnished for the purpose, while those having tickets passed between two lines of so:diers from the gate to the cars, The President’s train started at ten o’clock, not amid the shouting of the people, Waving oi handkerchiefs and togsing of hats—for it was neither an American nor an English crowd, and seemed either too deeply interesteu or else ignorant of such @ means of show- ing enthusiasm. For a mile out of town the peopie ip carriages, on horseback and on foot, lined the road on either aide. In some circles fears had been entertained that some damage might be done to the track or the Presidential train by revolutionists or malicious persons, Hence we were preceded a short distance by a pioneer locomotive, while ail the troops of the government, the coun- try road guards, in all styles of attre, were required to give their attention to therailroad. ‘The latter all presented arms with great soilierly pride as we rushed pasi, At every station and at intermediate points crowds of the nailves were out to witness the prodigies of the tron horse. The Mexican who could not be ium- bugged into believing that the mules were not inside, did not present Limself on this occasion. All the country bands, tor mules from the road, were out Playing as we passed, or entertaining us at the sta- uons. Every telegraph pole in the vielnity of an {ndian hut Was decorated in some manner, and at many statlous the popular taste for fireworks in the daytime found vent in the setting off of quantities of rockets. We made the circuit of Popocacepetl in time, and the peaks of Malinche and Orizaba made their appearance. Popocatepeil and Iztaciliuatl seemed suddenly to have changed places, the beauti- ful haciendas in the vicinity of Puepdia were seen, and we were received at that city at five Pp. M, by @ crowd nm larger thao the one we left at Mexico, snd an artiliery ealute. La Malinche, always coquetish in the rainy season, had been gathering about er many black and ominous clouds during the afternoon, from wach she suddenly cast down upon thé crowds of people, decked in their finery, and gathered at a distance Irom their houses, a fearfully violent thunder storm, such as are cominon only to tropical countries, It was over in half an hour, but the host of people had vanished. The streets of Puebla were handsomely decorated, and particularly those leading from tie station to the plaza, Many arches, oae of them quite elaborate, spanned the princtpal street, beneath which the ident and party passed. Such an influx of ple, and especially of citizens, never occurred beiore to any city im all Mexico. The scarcity of accommodations there may readily be conceived. At a late hour, and the next day as well, pares were rushing about, baggage in naud, looking for apurtinents, and fabulous prices were offered, frequentiy in vain. The only French restau- Tant in the city was crowded with hungry people, and it Was oniy with great difficulty tia palatabie food could be obtained. Sore paris of ihe city were iliuminated after dark. ‘The Cathedral and the Mu nicipal and Gubernatorial buildings presented a very fine appearance. Thousands of Indians and the lower classes Oiled the streets, which were bright With the torcues of purning pitch, at the corners, where the “tortilla” bakers occupied the curbsiones. ‘The bali given by the rafiroad company—guite an extensive aifair—began at half-past nine o’clock, in the theatre. The house was handsomely decorated and weil lighted and the music good. The aum! of persons present, particularly during the iy part of the nigit, was, however, too great for coui- Tort. ‘the jadies of Puebla did bot dance much, but occupyiag the boxes, gave up the floor almost e: urely Lo those of Mexicu, whose yentiemen friends Were perhaps more bumerous among those present, An extensive supper Was served at twelve o'clock. with pleaiy of wines and liquors of ali kinds, At noon on tiie 17th President Juarez iaid the corner stone of the Zaragoza monument in the centre of the park of the Piuza. A banquet took piace In the afternoon given by Mr. Romero Vargas to avout 400 invited guests. The Hon, thomas H. Nelson, United States Minister, occupied a seat on the right of Presi- dent Juarez. About an hour had elapsea when the Governor of Puebia called the attention of the Prow- dent and significa te him that 1% was time to com- mence the toasts, upon which the President, rising, proceeded to make a very sensible and concise speech, He referred more particularly to the opening of the railroad from Mexico to Puebla. He spoke kiadly of the directors of the company, showing that he fully appreciated the sacrifices they had made to carry on and fuish the works, &¢., apd personaliy compilinenied Messrs, William Barron and Antonio Escandon, acknowledg- ing that the country 1s indebted to tuese gentlemen for the completion of the works, &c, The Presiaent took nis seat amiast great applause, after which tle Governor of Puebla made @ speech of coltsiderabie length, full of hope for the future. Progress was te theme. He spoke highly of the government of the country, dwelling upon the co-operation that might be expected from the State of Puebla, & The Mia- ister of Foreign Aifairs, in choice terms, spoke of the diticuities the country had undergone; of the march of progress Wich had begun in Mexico; of the railway, aud, above all, of the frieudly relations Which existed between this country and the United States, and the moral help received therefrom; the similarity of their institutions, &c., expressing a great desire to cultivate the best relations with the north, and paying Mr, Neléon persouaiiy some very high compiimenta, Mr. Nelson auiong other things spoke of the Mexi- | can people, of their great sacrifices in retainiug ihe integrity of their country, their love for this land of sunshine, and above ail, that the desire of the gov- ernment of the United States is to see Mexico more forward with the age, a# an Independent repunite, Several others made speeches, and at about dye o'clock the President and guests arose from the table and proceeded to take the American Minister through some of the ruins of the cis fhe authoriies ave vee fo¥ several days endeavoring to discover one P. P. koar, Whose nawe Was aigned to certain communications found on the persous of the sergeants, two of whom, together with Lieutenant Vasquez, were recently shot by tue order of a court mm By many persons Ibar Was supposed to be Negrete himself, aud the whole secret police force has been employed in looking him up. Their eforts proved successful, and the above | supposition shown to bea mistake. ibar was dis- | covered and arrested about five days since, tried by a sort of drumbead court and shot on the evening of | the Isth of september, The opposition press are | | | repeating thelr denunciations of this atiair, ana especially because [bar was a@ citizen and was tried | before a military jury. Oue of the daily papers of thie Sig 2004 the “morning following the execution, | “Blood.” The 1ollowing correspondence recently took place between the United States Minister at Moaxtico and the Mexican goverameat;— } LEGATION OF THR UNITED STATES) ion of interponi y relations might Mexico and Italy, and having received on that o favorable repiy {rom the government of your Minister of Spain in Washington hus received orde: m hia overnment to aRk thi the government of refore, in obedience to the instructions of the Department of Stato at Washington, Lhave the honor to inform you of the fact, aud to represent thatthe government of the United Staves earvestly that Criendly relations should be re-esta! bewween $00 and Spain, and would ishunent with | great pleasure, Permit me ion of the Kor | mt of your Exesliency to the convenience and import | good offices, in established between ions | Mexico and Spain of nccepting the friendly auggee- ga, Lam nicaapt jh ronagt to vous Bxcelivucy (he abeur OUTOB ances of Profound repost, ‘with whieh I subserive myself your obediont servan ‘THOMAS H. NELSON. To bis Excelioncy, Senor LERDO DB TRI aDA, Secretary of Foreign Relations, Mexico. MINISTRY OF Forman Reamone Mxxi00, July 27, SENOR—Yon bave been pleased to cuinmunicate Lo your note of the 24th of this month that the Minister of at Washington had been instructed by his reroment to ask the good oilicos of the government of the wed Btates, u object that friendly relations might be re-established betwee Mexico and Spain; and that, in conformity wit! structions which yon had received from the Department of ie at Washington, you informed me of hal the goverbin of the United 81 desized and would with great satisfaction see the ment of said friendly relations between Mexico and Spain. Immediately after the return of the govermment of the repub- lic of Mexico to thin cliy, two years ago, It thought fit to de- clare that it did not covsider the oid treaties as Sy with those European nations which bad been at war with the re- panies but that when they should wish them Mexico would bi 1@ disposed to celebrate new treaties upon just aud proper uses. ‘The various declarations benz approved vy on. Fem wruien the government had made upon the subject, it eoame the duty of the later to regulate ite conduct in accordance therewith, Bince the government of Spain Fatired ite troops from Vern Crug, in fed, which ft had sent here, their miStary operations ceased, and the goveroment of the Mexican repablic has avoided every aud uny enuso for disagreement with Spain, and has taken care that Spanish idjecte residing in Mexicd alould enjoy the protection of ¢ ‘awe under ast and benevolent Kuardiauship of the Whorities. ‘Th wernmentof Mexico Selng animatet by this spirit, [have the honor to note, that if the government of 8} representative to Mexico he will be recuived with due honor aud consideration; aud if he shall desire to make a new treaty of frieudebip, commerce and navigation, the govt ment of Mexico will be disposed to celebrate it, "I supplicate you to do me the favor to commu is to the gover: ineut of the United States of America, mentioning tat th governmont of Mexico esteems and’ justly appreciates food and frieudiy sentimontes F-avall mussel? of thiv occasto to repeat to your Excellency the avsurances of amy distin guimed consideration, with Which Tam your obedient ser. vant, 8. LERDO DR TEJADA Yo'bis Excellency Thomas H. Neen, Minister Plentpo- tentlury of the United States tn Mexico, ‘The above correspondence having opened the way for direct correspondence between Mr. Mobellan, the gentieman in charge of the Spantsh archives tn this city, and the Mexican government, several com- munications have passed beiween that gentieuian and Mr, Lerdo de Tejada, the Secretary of Foreign Rela- ons, as the result of wnica it is probable tab Spain willsoon nominate her Minister to Mexico, and Mexico tier representative to Spain, Mr. Romero’s financial report for tue fiscal year ending June 30, 1869, was presented to Congress at its opening, It exhibits that the receipts of the pub- He treasiry have been only $14,187,276, a little more than enough to pay the civil aud military liste. The amount collected during the previous fiseal year was over $18,000,000. Mr. Komero says:—*Phe prin- cipal cause of this difference has been undoubtedly the paraiyzation of commerce, which naturally diminishes ver: Compl araDly the amount realized from duucs, This paralyzation of business, which ts felt throughout all the republic, has been explained in several Ways, and, as is natural in such cases, there are not wanting those who consider it as the result of the policy pursued by the present administration, it would be an offence to the good sense Of Congress to propose to refute this absurd idea, which lias no other ioundation than party spirit and obstinacy in not seeing tiings as they are. In consequence of the fears which prevailed in Kurope of a disastrous war between the principal nations of that Continent there has been @ crisis, which has aifected not only thetr commercial interests but also those of this republic and of other nations of this Continent, The danger of war, which would proba- biy be sud in its resuits, has prevented business mea from entering mto speculations which might cause thelr ruin Incase tie war should break out. This want of confidence, united wiih other generally known causes, heretofore mentioned, aud which are the unavoidable results of disturbances and dissen- sious, has produced a diminution in the de- mand and forwarding of goods from /urope, and consequentiy a falling of In commerce, the closing up Of various establishments which have received goods on commission to sell on long time, and as is natural, following all this, a decrease in the public revenues.” ‘The new tartif 15 announced in this report as about ready, and Will soou be pre- sented to Congress. “Another cause,” gays Mr. Romero, “which has contuivuted most powerfuliy to diminish the products of the pubic reats, and expecially that derived from import duties, has been the institution of the ‘free zone’ enjoyed by the fronuer of Lamautipas. The estabishment of this institution Was due to the desire to strengthen the tronuer villages of Tamaulipas, and constitutes an exception Which can with difficulty be sustained as & good economic principle, and lias given ahd will give a cousiderable margin for abuses and frands, tn which commerce ana the general treasury suitors greatly.” -in the fiscal year to which thus report refers Congress designated $3,50),00) for the cancelling of the puolic debt, conceding the authority to the Executive (O distribute that amount in such a man as be should think most proper. By virtue of this authorization the govern- ment might have been able to facilitate tae purchas and saie of naturailzed property and the payuient of the balance due of the extraordinary contributions, ving a part in paper and the reinamder tu Soon after the beginning of the present fiscal year it became impossible to contunue to do £0, because the amount designated in the Appro- priation bill of the present year for the payment of ue public debt Is cousideravly less than Liat of the past, aud does not permit that amounts should be charged thereto which do not proper'y correspond to 1t aud which would fill tt up ina very short time, thus defeating the object for whicit It was Intended.” Mr. Romero lurther says that ihe firet yp toward the establishinent of banks, so much needed in Mexico, Will be the introduction of a project of law regniating the question of mortgages, a reform much needed, Upon the subject of the public dedt there is found tue following:--“The question of the pubic debt is without doubt the most imporiant oue Which can be presente’ to the consideration of Congress aud the hxecutive, Therein hes the iaith or the pation, lis honor aud good name, the compli- ance with its obligations, the rights of its creditors. the transferring and consequent estimation of those great vaiues which form the national debt. In con- sequence of the upturnings Which the repubtic has saffered the government, by virtue. of the prostra- tion which has ensued, has had suificient reason for postponing the arrangement and payment of the public debt; but i tt shall be negiected 1a the future its conduct will be hardly justifiabie, aud will cause positive evils which shouid be avoided at all cost, * * * * During the last fiscal year there have been presented to the rst liquidating section clatins to the amount of $7,061,760, of which there have been recognized and ceritlied to $1,512,272 There bave been rejected $883,018, and are now pending $4,605,458, ‘To the second section claims to t amount of $6,445,177 have been presented, of which $1,890,804 have been recoguized, g71 rejecred— leaving pending $3,841,840. ‘Che sum Lotal of clalins presented to the two sections from their creation up to the 80th of June last is $18,6 10 you, in_ reply to your in determines to send fis there have been reco; 78,386; re $2,226, 521 is now pending $11,822, 0: fess that L have not changed my opinion in regard to the intvadves which I sent to Congress on the ist of April last, 1 algo believe that iroim some motive objections ana alarms, In my judgment unfounded, have been cx- cited, in good or bad fatth, agalust some of these intuatives, and I beligvye that perhaps the time has not yet arrived in which those initlatives shoulu be carried out woien have excited a most decided oppo- sition, and that the danger might be incurred of arousing dificuities which, thouga transient, it may be proper co avoid, if it suonta be proposed to dis- cuss thei finally now. These observations refer especialy to the fuitiatives with respec: to the emis- sion Of ‘treasury notes, upon which, for reasons already indicated, | shall not maist. * * * * TF cannot do leas than cull attention to the contrast existing between the promptitude with which poll- tical and social reforms are adopted ta Mexico, although they may be presented accompanied by the greatest difiiculties, and the resistance wita which economls and fiseal reforms are opposed, although they may be such as are nataraily of public convenience.” Such, with afew other leas inpor- taut topics, is the substance of the Treasurer’s report. ‘The discussion thereupon in Congress is awaited. That august body has not been able to meet and do business since its organization on the ich, as a sudicient number of ifs members are still enjoying the festivities at Puebla to prevent a quorum. Claimants against Mexico here bave seen Jateiy in the New York papers what purported to be rules and reguiations adopted by the commussion at Washington om the 12th of August. uese rules are vitally diferent from those which have been sent to United States oficials from the State Department at Washington, and as claimants have already made all We papers and claims in accordance with the instructions contained in the latier they are per- plexed to know what todo. All declare here that as they understand the rules printed in the New York papers no claimant can comply with then here, and that accordingly their claims are defeated In advance, DISASTER AT 8 FALLS, PME TUN ANTHONY An Undergrownd Channel in the Miss ippi— Caving In of Nicollet Island Tunnel=A Scene of Excitement. {From the St. Paul Pioneer, Oct. 6.) Our sister cities of St. Anthony aud Miuneapolis have again been visited by one of those feariul cat trophes which never come to them without entailing great joss, not only to the citizens of those two enterprising manufacturing cities, but indirectiy to the state at large. Nothing is ever done on a sinall seaie at these plaves, no matter whether it be a piv- nic, a reception to some distingtished guest, a county fair or a@ terrible calamity, involving the | direct loss of millions of feet of logs, a caviug away of a portion of the fur-famed fails, or, as in the Instance we are about to relate, the vory fouwnda- Hions of the fails themselves are endaugered, involv | ing the provable destruction of ao entire island | covered with mills and factories of various kinds, Atan early bour yesterday morning rumors of a serious catastrophe at the Fails reached this city, yet many supposed that (he news was exaggerated, aud that the damage, if anything, would be (rifling. Bat as the day were on the rumors accumulated, and finally reached such dimensious that a reporter | from the Pioneer was despatched to the scene of the | cataatrophe with the view of obtaining reliable facts | in regard to the damage being done. FIRST APPRARANCE OF THE DANGER. | At an early hour in the forenoon ot Monday last | the workmen Who were engaged in excavating for | the tunnel under Hennepin and Nicollet Islands discovered water in the bottom of the tunnel, and soon became aware that a stream had broken | through somewhere, and that the water was rapidiy accumulating, About 11 o'clock A, M, it had covered (the track awed by them in removing the sani from te excavation, and the volume was increasing at such @ rate as to alarm them, and cause thom to suspead work. They at once began a search for the break, During Mouday = afternoon the amount of water in the tunnel kept jn- oreasing, Dub their search for the cause Was not | coft ’ rewarded discovery antit ’ when an yee discovered on the weet side of Nicollet Island, close to the bank and some 400 fect Borth and west of the tunnel. This eddy was at first caused by @ seam or fissure in the bed rock of the river, th which the water had forced its way under she high bank of the south or lower end of Nicollet Island through to the tunnel, some 300 or 400 feet distant, striking the tuunel some filty feet, itis supposed, from the upper end of the excay ton, When first discovered 1¢ excited no particular alarm, a3 it was supposed that remedies could easliy be provided and the fissure closed. For (his purpose @ Btrong crib was built of thubers and plank and floated down over the fissure, and filled with stone, brash and earth to stop the flow of water. had this crib reached tts destination bottom of ihe river at that point for a epace of thirty or forty feet square seemed to sink, leaving a hole trough which the water rushed with resistiess force and disappeared under the island to reappear with headlong fury in the tunnel, through which it flowed and found its outiet at the mouth of the tun nel, al ihe southern extrevoity of Hensepin Taland, some 2,000 feet distant, A FBAREUL PANIC. This unlooked-for catastrophe at once created a fearfal panic. The news spread with lghwing rapidity Lirough the two © and the citizens en neasse Tushed to tue scene. Tne Bremen of the two cities Were cailed out, and an immense force of workmen began to devise ways and means to avert the threatened calamily, Another immense crib was commenced, andevery man sprang to the task of endeavoring to stay the ravages of the Mood. At four o'clock P. M. this second crib was completed, ond the liveliest hopes were entertained that tt would prove @ success and the flow of water be stopped. Alas | these hopes proved de.usive, for while the crib was covered with some twenty-five or thirty men, It began to sivk and so rapidiy that they liad b time to heed the warning cries of the hundreds who lined the banks of the island, anxious » tators of the scene, and jeap for tie sore betore the huge meistrom sucked in the im mense crib the second ume, revealing a tartier break in the bottom of the river, now some 200 f in length and thirty to forty feet wide. Th upon the surface of the river @ huge whirlpool, around which the waters rolled and surged, sack- ing in timbers, planks, & and carrying thea under the biut, The immense volume of water thus turned into the tunnel went roaring down to the mouth, out of whieh it poured With @ noise that almost drowoed the roar of the great falls a short distance off. TRE TUNNEL CAVED IN. Of conrse this huge volume of water could not pass turough the tuonel with such velocity (tue fail from the break to the mouth of the tunnel being thirty or forty feet) without doing more or less dam- age. The bed rock of the falls under wluch tie tunnel is bulil began to wear away rapidiy at the mouth of the tunnel, and soon some 200 ieet of ihe root over the tunuel caved in. HEN NEPIN ISLAND. ‘The wildest exciiement tien ensued upon Heune- pin Isiand, and fears were entertained that the Lop of the tunnel, which runs the entire length of tie island, would cave in, carrying with it the utter de- struction of the inilis situated on the tslaud, aud speedily wash the island itself away. On clus island are situated the tollowmg mills and factories:—At the extreme lower end of the isiand and immedi- ately alongside the mouth of the tunnel is situated the Summit Flouring Mill, owaed by James Morris &Co. That portion of the tumuel which caved in ran jinmediately in front of this mill, and leaves it standing upon a very precarions foundation, lable to be swept away al aby moment. Next to it and also on the east side of the island and distant from the Sumuut Milis only a lew iecet, 18 the Island Mills, owned by Kastan & Calli, ‘Vais mil) Was not in as mach dagger as the Summit Mill, uniess the tunnel confines to wash away aud cave in, When this coo must go. Farther up on wie same side and near the suort bridge leading from ihe main laud to tie isiand stauds the River Mills, owned by Lawrence & Co., and at later accounts were sale, unless the whole island goea, Just above the bridge is located KE, Broad’s axe factory, While over ou the east side of the islaud are the iarge stone paper mills of Avertil, secomb Co, Tuese are ali the mills situated on the isl and all the bulidings Wo be affected by the catasc ple. THR TU 4 Most of our readers are aware that some two year's ago Nicollet Isiand was purchased by a coi- pany composed of Messrs, J. L. Meriam aud A, H. Wilder, of this city, aud W. W. Bastman and J. 8. Judd, ‘of Minneapous. About a year ago tiese gentemen conceived the idea of building a tunnel, comiencing at the lower extremity of Hennepin aud, and extending uader the entire island, as well as under the river, ap under a portion of Nicollet Island, with a view of obtaining water power on the southern portion of Nicollet isiand. ‘The work was commenced about @ year ago. Its extreme lengih when completed was to have been some 2,600 feet. OF this avout 1,909 or 2,000 feet were completed, carry It some 300 feet uader Hennepin Island, aod avout ity feet above where the water broxe ino it on Monday. ‘Thia tunnel was some six feet wide wid Bix feet high, Wild an arched voof. It was dug wader he bed rock of tue Falls, aud through sund rock Ue entire length. It cos- up to the present time tr $6,000 to $8,009, Which, in the event of it beng it possible w slop tie break, will be an entire loss, Ln the present uncertain state of affairs if is Linpossi- ble to say how much tis tupnel will be dawayea, or wWhetlier it cau ever be made available for the uses intended. WHAT IS TO BE DONE? When we leit the Malis last evening It wa¢ imnos- sible Lo tell what would be the result. The pro} holders on Hennepin Island were removing ail tcie ioose property a8 rapidly as possthie, Flour, var- rels, hoop po! to the mam jand as When the tunnel caved In two teams were ing in front of Summit Mill, loading, were carried down with the loose earth rocks, but, fortuuaiely, were not mjured, and y resrued, with some dificulty, trom weir perilous situation, Phe futility of any Kind of crib work, a the great break, to stay the current of the water, ackuowledged. Some other plan must be dé turn the current of water. Various plans were sug- gested. At one time ii was thought adv lumber, &e., Were being carted over ast as teams could land them, ad- and aad and thus create # ehannc! (at would draw oif t aler irom the break. This idea was abandone: we believe, anu tie only eifective plan decided upon Was to build ¢ turn the water, AL last accounts preparations were being made for the speedy construction ol this coffer dai. ‘To build this will require a day, wnd pernaps two, and in the meantime tue water Would be rush. ing Uirough the tunnel and undermining tie bed- rock of nut ouiy Hennepin Island, bat mayhap a portion of the Falls a mnay be irreparable in its nature. HEROIC FORTS OF THE CITIZ! ‘e From the mouent of the first apprehension ot serious dauger, the citizens of the two cities tamed out and jabored heroically to stay tne damage. very miliowner in Minneapohs sent his meu ead culls to ald. ‘The tiremen of the two cities turn’ en masse, and worked as only dremea can work. They were headed py Mr. F. Cook, tue gineer of the tuny ‘ge of the work at the Stevens, the engineer 1 Falls; Joha Jarvis, of the Muwaukee Road; Jolin Tidd and the mtewa driving, go-ahead Ceorge A. Brackett All human energy could do or that human judgiaent could suggest was done, aud will continue to be done, touvert more serious toss and damage by this Unexpected and fearful catastrophe. Tuousauds of people from Minneapo.ls, St. Anthony and the surrounding country, among them | of ladies, visited te ‘scene during the ¢ aur fal forebodings and diveful ‘appreheuisious ot worse to come flied every mind, No one could tell what damage was being done beneath the ramiag food down in the bowels of the earth, under the rocky bottom.of the ri ‘ibere was anxiety in every hears when darkness settied down upon the scene, aud ihere will be ab anxious 100! for the light of day to reveal the ravages of tho during the silent wateles of the night. ‘To sum up the matter, the damage already done is not of so serious a nature but that it 1 he re- paired. it is the probaple damage yet to be revealed that creates the greatest fear and anxiet Our readers should not confound this disaster with the main falls on Miuueapolis side of tie river. ‘They cannot in any event be affected oy this caiis- trophe, The damage that ts already done, or that may be done, Wii be confined to che tunuel and to Hennepin isiand, on which is situated the mills ani | factories above mentioned. The Efforts to Close Prosp: (From the Minneapolis Tribune, Oct. 7.) Yesterday a force of over S00 men, large number of teams, were engoged ia the work of filing up the opening o: crevasse caused by tie tali- lng in of the bed rock near the western shore of Nicollett Island. The opening smce Tuesday night has considerabiy enlarged by the falling in of addi- tional rocks, but Wie licreasing and well directed eiforts of those engaged in piling m_ trees, brash, hemp, rocks, &c.. covered Wat ho perceplibie increase has waken place in the volume of water rushing im. ner im Wilich the rock continues to break off, 1b Woul:t indicate that the unde: i channel traverses down close to the isiand ander the rock, and stiikes the tunnel a short distance above the {out of Nicollet Island. ‘A iarge body of men were busy all day yesterday framing tue heavy log piers for the cotfer dai. Some of these piers were held ip position last night ‘aud the work will be puaned forward to-day witi all possible despatch, 1t is contemplated ranning a dam out a distance of from 100 to 200 feet from the store and from thence it wili probably be constru down and around the crevasse, which, whea com- pleted, will edectually stop tie tow of water through it, The work is progressing very favorat and those in charge feel quite encouraged the prospect and fully believe that the worst 1s over. The inembers of the Minneapolis Fire Devartiment were on land again yesterday, as was also Jolin Jarvis and Allen Hill, of the Milwaukee and Munuea- polis Railroad, with a crew of men, hard at work in various capacitios. Besides these there were maay of our prominent cltizens present doing their utinost in assisting the work, Everything Was couducted with the most strict militaty discipline, Guards were kept on duty all day to keep away all those who weie not at work, in order to facilitate the workmen. ‘The diferent work was divided into departients, with comperent | men atthe head of each. During the day an im- mense amount of work was done, and all who p: ticipated are deserving of great credit for tielr herote and untiring labots. ‘Tae ladies responded liberally yesterday with hot and provisions, Last nigat a large nuinber of men Were at work all night, und to-day several firin- dred men Will be kept at work, and itis hoped to wet Uae Water Well uuder Control belore nimhl, , | Dut they are courte: coffer dum around the oreak aad thus | » dnd infiemag damnoge Cat | i | besides a | has kept te crevasse so weil | From the man- | pled | LITERATURE. Reviews of Now Books. A _OWARACTER OF THB PROVINCR OF MARYLAND, Described in four distinct parts, with @ collection of historical letters, originally, ublished in 1666, Portrait and map. By George Alsop. A new edi- tion, with copious historical and biographicat notes, ur Johu Gilmany Svea, LL.D, New York: Wiliam Gowans. For curious and racy reading this book exce! It is also of great vaiue for the sake of the account it gives of the “province ’ and people of Maryiand ana of the Susquehanna Indians, Of course the “char- acter,’ as the author terms tt, is crude, the book being evidently written and published, as the editor suggests, for the puryose of encouraging emigration to “the Lord Baltimore’a plantation,” As for the author hinsell, le seems to have been a lolerably wild youth, By one of the ietters pubilshed in the book we learn that he left England because he would not live under the government of Cromwell. He was a royalist of the most determined type, writing of Cromwell and ais supporters as parrl+ cides—as ‘Theves and Robbers,” and as ‘barbarous hounds,’ He was a poet too, though, we are com- pelled to admit, of a very iow order, But the most entertaining part of the book is that which describes Maryiand, the people and the In- dians, “Mary-Land.”” we are told, “is a Province situated upon the large extending bowels of Ame- rica, under the goverument of the Lord Aaltemore, adjacent Nortawardly upon the Conflnes of New England, and neighboriag Southwardiy upon vir gina, Awelling pleasautly upon the Bay of Chaesa> He then goes on 60 describe the appearance and products of the country in quaint and extrava- gant terns of praise, he declaring that “had Nature made it her business, on purpose to have found out @ situation for the Soul of profitable Ingenuity, sne could not have erected a better iand, Of tae wild beasts of tie provinces au author writes in great con- tempt, “for tae highest of thelr designs and circum. venliug reacues 13 bul cowardly aud base, only to ned @ poor Pigg, or kill & lost aud balf-starved Calf, We rejoice to learn that the government was, at the time, “he Miracie of iis Age.” In hose days such geatie beings as Plug Uglies were unknown, “Lue Roman Ca holick wud the Protestant Episeopel | (Whom the world would persuade lave proclaimed open Wars irrevocably agaist each other), cou trary- wise Concur in a1 unani nous parallel of (rieudsbip, and inseparabie iove intay.ed inco one another.” The morals of the people Were remarkably good; we fear the present generation of Maryianders have failen from the heigit of excellence obtained by thelr ancestors. Law was almost nunecessary, 80 quiet and orderly Were the tnbabitants, to Whom @ robber was | so hatefai “thac it but once imagimed to be so, he’s | kept at adistance and siun‘d as the Peatilenuat aoysomness.”? Witla the med each morai, upright beings, {¢ is not surprising that tne women were paragonus of virtue and modesty. Our author Winds up lis description of the inhabitants of Marylaud as follows:— Christian Natives of the Land, especially those of the re generall pike. vedly subtile, q and when they eapy prot) Wings of a prospervi The women di nding, but sic ing towards them with te here they become much fami nething in this point, though-ne | much, They are exiremoiy bashful at the 61 after the mo bath brought them a tuere they jy tamiliar, and are taikntive omplementa! Courtship, aresk up ix oritieal R er suangera to them, plain wit comes | Bearest t that be tbat in » cours @ Mar; dand Giri faing more than the Taiitologies of or else Winded speech to carry on bis desi her frown long aught l know, fall under te contempt own windy Oration Continuing, be write the province, which he ei servitude £ . With | ants ta Mary-land, 2 rites in hig tie tm ud bi chapter on the servants of ities “Phe Necessuriness of Common Usage of Serv Tr with wet Privileges." raige of the masters, and men servants. [i seems tat wm those of the lower ¢iasa, y scarce in Maryland, for he telis Jeu (hat go over tate this Province unis have tue best fuck bere a3 in any piace world beside, for they are no s00uer on snore into a Copulative siatrimony;?? and he goes on Wish some redections, very curiously worded, on wat wight have become of Luose lucky females had they remained in England, iu doserib- lug tie trade of the pr ve, George Alsop refers to our “down Kasi’ f izend in ratner sar | caxtic language. His royalist soui evidentiy avnorred | tue chiluren ef the Purivinic roundueads of Eng- | as Si { of th land, He writes:—"T must confess the New Bag. | and men that trade into this Province had j Tather have fav Pork for their Goods than Tobacco or Purrss wich 1 conceive ts because their bodies ber fast bound up with the cords of restringent Zeal, Wiey ure fain to make use of the lineaments of tus Non-Caanaunite ev ” ture physivaliy to. 100 He continues by scribing im tolera’ auve | emtects of pork upon the “red-e: of Yan- | Keed om. de lon of tie indians 18 OF histor | rie value and ie worded, the closing para- | graph bein ricwarly rib. | We cann nelude this notice without express. j | | Ing satisfaction at the very able manner in whien the editor has performed bis work, Tue biographi- cai sketch of Alsop 18 quite interesting, and the notes are full and correct explanations 01 ail obscure sentences in the wor Toe publisaer has shown wisdom iu Wie sc.ection Of tis book as au addiven to bis Bibliotueca Americana, It 1s not only histori cally Valuable, but itis # most luteresting lNerary curtosity. Tuk AMAMCAN Sretten: A Guide to the Or- luography of the ish Language, By iienry N. Day. New York: Charles Scribner & Co. ‘There are some faults im this speller which we have neither the (ime nor spave to particalarize, bus waich are in sympathy wito those in Websters dic- onary, to the standard of which this book ts com- piled to conform. They, however, do nov by any | means desiroy Wie value of the work, which has werits thal are apparent ata giauce. The exercises are marked by much Clearaess and perspicuity, and the character of eaca word and letter is very dis- | do given. With regard to the method of pro- | huuciation, it is not perfect, according to our idea ihe innovations of Webster upon ihe Enwlish lan- guage were in many respects praiseworthy and ceptable, but in others he was the cause of the diference in pronunciation which exists at ine pree- | ent day among Luglisi-speaking people. Mr. Day, | having adopted Webster's system without discrimt- | nation, has divided many Words 20 as to be pro- nearly ai! educated persous ota ia this wand. We do not sup- pose, however, t e innovations wall ever ve } suppressed. They have become incorporated m the | language among the masses in tuis country, and | nounced as rejected by } cw it soems, fe eradicated. | THe Two B. Rsses. A Romanca, Uy Hane | Christian Auuers ew Y tiurd & Houga | ton. ‘The reputation of Hans Chrisitan Andersen issach | that the mere announcement of a book from him ts | suMicient to insure for it a large cirvie of readers. | “he Lwo Baronesse3" is one of the most interest- ing of is works, We cannot condense the contents | | into the brief space at our disposal, and must | recomend to our readers the obtaining of tie DOOK and its perusal, whien will undoubtedly be found unusually eniercaining, Jt is very handsomely printed and bound, as, indeed, are ult of the works issued irom the press of Hurd & Houghton, Srevse’s DRUM AND Firs InstRvcror, By Gardi- ner A. Strube. New York: D. Appleton & Co. This iustrucion book was highly recommended by the board of army oicers appoiuted ior tae purpose of examining into a system of instruction for fleld niusicians, and has been adopted toto the service of the United States Lis recom mendauon, from | so responsible a source, we will content ourselves | with endorsing. Tae@ NATIONAL QUARTERLY Revisw. Vol. XIX,, No, 38 September. New Yoru; Edward J. Sears, Editor aud Proprietor. Tue“ contents of the Septemb: | National Quarterly Review are | number of the airable. The frat rticle is a weil written, interesting review of the rise and fall of “The Byrartine Empire.” “Popular lilusions,”’ which follows, is a very clever paper, and is quite reads Of “The Primitive Races of Europe” we may have something to say hereafter, We cannot agree with all its conclustons, aithongh We confess to having read it with real interest, ‘The | Queen of Scots aud her Traducers” is a subject | Which it seems tapossible to extaust., Of late yeara | most writers have uuited in doing justice to this moust unfortunate of women, and ta removing all the | obloquy ana disgrace which the most venowous of | ali English Quecos shamelessly attached to her mem- ory. “Lhe Trouvadours aud their Influence” is moat instructive paper, “The Ethics and .Esthetica of Our Summer Kesoris” t some startling trate about the hoteis and hotel Keepers of our water ing places, Jt i3 @& Sigorons exposition of gross outrages and swindles which are perpetrated upon helpless pleasure geekera, ‘The writer very justly charges certain newspaper | with being respousible for faise accounts of the com- fort to be enjoved at these places and with seldom giving the fy 1g as they occur. Krom this charge he excepts the HekALD and another journal of this city, and we wouil further inform him that a correspon: dent of this paper Wao recelyes bribes, either in inouey oF in lavors, to praiwe any establishmens would, upou the Lact being ascertained, be instantiy dismiss “Nig Arthur and the Round ‘Table Kuights” cleverly reviews a subject which has been a bone of contention among historians. “Our Hi ic | Educational lnstitations, Male and Female,” «Note to Aiticle on Vassar College in our last Number,”? and “Notices and Oriticisins” conclude the contents of one of the best numbers of this quarterly that we have bad the good fortune to read, It should be read by all educated peraona, We have received the “Annual Report of the State Engineer and Surveyor of the State of New York,” @ handsomely printed and bound book, contatntt loformation of interest and instruction. We hav also received the “Fourth Annual Report of the Metropolitan Fire Department.’