The New York Herald Newspaper, September 18, 1869, Page 8

8 THE FAR EAST. Government Rule, State of Trade, Condition of Society and -American Progress. Southeastern Asia and the Asiatic Archipelago in Modern Review. Dy mali from the East Indies to Europe, and thence by transatlantic steamship, we have the fol- Jowing highly valuable and #peciai correspondence from the far East, dated at Singapore on the 16th of July. Tbe communication will command an atten- tive perusal, forming, as it does, a valuable exhibit of the actual condition of affatrs in Southeastern Asia and the Astatic Archipelago, taking Singapore as a standpoint, The description of the initlatory rites observed during the induction of a member to the native Chinese secret society of Ghee-Hins is curious in the extreme. With such introduction we submit the letters to our readers in the following order, The Dutch Encroachments on Sumatra—Pro- clawation of the New Hing of Siam—Cone fessious of Bupa Kama, the Ringleader In the Japanese Rebeliou—Fourth of July in peanmones SINGAPORE, July 15, 1869, The Governor of the Straits Settlements nas re- turned to Singapore, and the Batavia papers Just to hand are full of editorial speculations as to the nego- tations now pending between England and Holland ia regard to the alleged violation by the latter Power of the treaty of 1! by which she pledged herself to make no new acquisitions of territory in the East Without the consent of Great Britain, The recent encroachments of the Dutch in Sumatra are notorious, put the Dutch defend them on the ground tha treaty js a very old one, and that It ts therefore about tine it was broken. This at least appears to be the gistof their exculpatory arguments. I Tout that tue English Governor has rec satisfactory promises from the Gover Geiieral of Java, ata that the whole matter will Lave to be settled by the home authorities of the two young King of Stam has issued a proclama- tion, dated June 14, giving the names and new dig- e3 Of his ministers. ile states that he has con- upon the Chow Phrya Kalalome the power of life ana death and supreme control in aM aifairs of State, and has also eudowed Lima with tue diguity of 80,000 nals, From Batavia we hear that Bapa Rama, the ring- leader in the recent disturvances in Java, has co: fessed all the detatis of his conspiracy. The disclo- sures he has made show that the sears of many of the residents were but too well founded, and a number of pew arrests have been made. Private advices say that Java is far from being quict, even though Bapa Rama is captured. A spark would set the whole isiand in an insurrectionary blazo. But this Is not a novel state of alfairs in Juva. For the past fitty years tie uatiyes have constantly been on the poiut of revolt. ‘the Fourth of July was duly celebrated on the two or ilivee American Ships now lying in the harbor by ahd: display of buuting from peak and truck and yards, aod 10 @ more substantial and spiritual man- her in tie cavins. There happen to be only four or five American residents in Singapore; so, of course, there Was uo very staring ceebration ashore. Tue Xussian war steamer V. Sadwick has arrived bere, on her way out to the Amoor river. {he American steamers Nautilus and Wairus, have @ailed for Ciulua, Were they are to ply on the Yangtse myer. Present and Fature of Singapore=Cocmapolle tan Cheracter of its PopulationCondition of Trade—The Malay Archipelago as a Field for American EnterprisemAmerican Whaling in the China SeasTrafiic in “China Girls? — Policy of the Government Towards the Na- tivea—Chinese “iloeys,? or Secret Societies— Singular Initiatory Rites—Tigers. Sincarong, July 14, 1869. Singapore, the “Cily of the Tiger,” the “Garden” and the “Queen City” of the far East, 1s known throughout the civilized worid as a place of im- mMiense commerce, and as one of the great entrepéts of the trade of the Orient. Commanding one of the Main channels of navigation between China and Japan and Europe, and adopted as their coaling sta- tions by all the Indoo-Chinese steamship lines, it is ‘the natural centre of the trade and the news of the far East. lc ian the point where the passengers and wWatis from England and Holland, and Spain and France, which have been conveyed thus far in one commingicd stream, are reassorted and tied up meatly in homogeneous bundles and then scattered to their respective destinations—the Dutchmen to Java and Macassar, the Spaniards to the Philippines, and the Englishmen and Frenchmen everywhere— more especially to China and Cochin China, to Siam, Japan and Borneo. This is the suin of what the mass of untravellea Americaus Know about Singapore, and, until recently, it was not very important that they ‘shoula be better informed. But a new era has now opened, and American energy and enterprise have entered into friendly competition with Europe for the lion’s share of the commerce of Eastern Asia and the Malay Archipelago. A glance at the map will show how tmporcant our relations wit Singapore are likely to become at no very remote date under these altered circumstances, _ Singapore, a city of about the population of Albany, is the creation of halfa ceutury. In 1817 the English government returned the island of Java, ‘which they had seized three years previously, to the Dutch. The treaty under which the cession was made was ratified in o great hurry, and when it was too late the British discovered that they had made a grand mistake, and that they had handed over to the Hollander’ a yory important and lucra- tive section of tho Eastern trade. To retrieve their error Sir Stamford RaMes was commissioned to es- tablish a rival city to Batavia, aud in 1sig¢-that gen- tieman acquired the isiand of Singapore for the purpose. He found it a junyzle covered wilderness, ‘with some hundred and tity inhabitants, who sub- sisted by fahing and piracy. inie han four years the infant city had acquired a population of 5,000; and it has since ste pros A until it has be- come, in trade and influence, the third city of the Fast Indies, Its population is now about 100,000, Its annual imporis and exports sum up to It boasts of possessing thirteen schools, enty temples and churches and thirteen hot and it coniesses, not without 6 contaming 144 honses licensed for opinm smoking and ninety: eight licensed spirit and arrack shops, From the barber, to wiich 1¢ presents a fagade of Detween two and three miles im } Sidgapore has a singulariy pie’ ppear- ance. Almost inthe centre of the city acouple of blocks of magnificent stores or godownhs, as they are called here, butit of w end with a row of i colonnades covering the si quay and proc merchant princes . ‘To the rigat one sees the governme dings, and then, Spreading along for nearly a mile, a iine of Euro: Lewalks, stretch along th © Wealth of t pean bungalows, with white columned verandas a@ud green Venetian blinds and red tile roofs, fash- ing through the follage that sttrrounds and, 1n some cases, well nigh coneeais them, Beyond ares row of native shops, and in front of them a ciuster of tip houses, bull over the water on piles, and then the land juts out atalmost a right angie from the city, and ‘forms a pleasant “aideground” of yellow sand and green forest. The other end of the city is almost whoily Occupied by natives, and is pounded by a tongue of land and two or three tsiands cov- ered with vegetation, behind which are me new docks, On @ little eminence in the background one secs the flagstaf’ of the fort and the red roof of the barracks. Singapore has no butidings, however, which full an imaginative conception of Oriental magnificence Its public edifices are commodious and substantial, but exhibit nothing of the splendor which we naturally associate with our ideas of Eastern architecture, The city is evidently one of modern growth. it has a gas works and an ice works and (liree dry docka, but no palaces and scarcely any temples that have the humbiest retensions to betn orth the trouble of looking at heim, The streets are pretty well laid out, and rea- fonably clean for an Eastern city, but still suifl- eully divty to palpably prove the non-existence of siree:-cleantng cointaission. Most of the stores and workshops are & by Chinese, and although they display @ great deal of gilding and brilliant painting, and although the lettering giving the name and calling of the oc: uta done in the deepest Diack on & ground of i, the general effect is not very pleasing. To 18 @ strong contrast be- tween tawdry decoration aud abundant filth—only twat and nothing more. ‘These are the (nanimate features of Singapore that atch the eye of a visitor, and they are, none of them, very striking or unusual. But Ue sireets are peopled with such sirange forms, so many diverse species of the “antmol ingn” are thrown tozethor in such picturesque confusion, and the conirasis of complexion and pliysique and costume are go marked and frequent, tat the plu is al once lifted out from amoug ti@ maag of coimmonp' cit A Singapore street seoue 1, in fact, th @trangest human inediey that can te crowded to cS ether In #0 Timited a compass, witaynen abound clean clothes, amd well dressed tall and a Panama hat, with ® broad black ribbon; there a8 o coolle, with wo his save @ cotton garment of slender pokoonens, abou! Joins; col folded it A and again as an abandoned = ‘arunkard, the imprint of misery and criminal Indulgence stam; deep upon his emaciated features, seated on of the sidewalk, with lis legs planted The darker skinned vw 4 make up the next ele- mentof umportance in the crowd, with intelligent and honest faces. national dress—a sarong, oF cotton cloth around Joins, and perhaps also a jacket and @ dress. Then there 18 @ fair sprinkling Madrasgees, in color as black a8 negroes and wear- ing huge turbans, and there may bly also Arabs, Bengalees, Persians, Ar ng and Java- nese, and any known variety of the white man, for ali these are constituent portions of the population 3 singapore hag risen to her present toa Singapore very large extent, Deca use she iiss ‘hed greatness thrust upon her, Just look at the map and note how extensive and fertile are the territories which this city of half acentury’s growth now taps. It is no doubt true that the opening of the new treaty ports fo China and the rise of Hong Kong have tak beta @ great amount of trade that formerly flowed throug ner warehouses, The fleets of Chinese junks that used & 1ew years ago Lo come here and buy Lymn 4 and ware are seen no longer. But there ig still left to her Stam and Sumatra and the whole of the Malayan Archipelago. And her old rival, Batavia, and ler new rival, Saigon, seem alike incapable of mastering the secret of ber success—the fact of her being an absolutely free port. The Dutch- men and the Freuchmen persevere in their old exclusive polic: against foreign sbip- ping and alien merchants, and nothing appar- ently can convince them that, in the Eastat any rate, free trade pays the best. Just at present the English residents are Ca ners eee of “hard times.” The island of Singapore has been worked out, and many of the Chinese gambier and pepper lanters have migrated to the territories of the Rayan of Jouore, on the maimiand. And, worse than this, a keen competition has been Introduced into all branches of trade by an ever-increasia; colony of Germans, who have settled here, snd profits are now reduced to the most pitiably dimiuu- tive dimensions. No one can talk to a British trader for five minutes about the present commerctal con- ditions and prospects of Singapore without palng : : Hi forced to listen to dismal invectives against “German imitations” of Briti-h Bhirtings and Brit- isn knives and everything British that sells in these markets, The “imitations” are certainly very bad, but they are, also very Cag and the na- tives prefer to buy them. Then Mr, John Bull has another dreadful grievance—the combinations among the Chinese planters to keep up the price of their produce, Inthe good old times the planters used to sell their papper and rice and other crops at any rate that paid them a fair percentage above the cost Of cultivation, but they have now grown smarter and demand rates propertioued to the state of the Enropean markets, But these are all petty troubles and affect but little the prosperity of the city. The future of Singapore rests on uo doubtful basis. She is one of the gates through which the produce of the Malayan Archi- pelago will always pasa, She has acquired a large and & very cosmopolitan population. She possesses a government which, though far from perfect, is still just and liberal, and witn all these advantages no- thing short of an earthquake, physical or political, can Very Well prevent her becoming, in commerce and wealth, one of the most important cities of the far East. How great the resources of the Malayan Archipelago will prove tobe when they are fully deveioped no one can adequately estimate, rive hundred years ago Sumatra and Java and Celepes were mighty empires with vast populations, and in the Hush splendor of Hindoo civilization. The re- mains of the temples erected by the Hindoo kings prove them to have been fully equal to any buildings of che kind that now exist in India, And the tradt- tions and chronicles of the natives affirm that all these lands were then in a state of extraordinary prosperity and under stable and regular govern- ments. With the advent of the Mohammedan mis- stonaries began their decline. and with their partial tramph came their ruin. Java has been taken and governed by the Dutch, and al- though the natives nave been shamefully oppressed the country bas enjoyed sometuing like a secure and settied government. Part, almosi all of the archipelago, has beeu delivered over to anarchy and ruin, Pirates have roamed over the seas, destroy- ing the native traders and devastating the coasts, and, in some cases, even Making excurstons into the interior of the island in pursuit of plunder and cap- lives. Af the present time the population of many of the islands has dwindied away to,almost nothiug, from tits cause, Even now, when Lnglish and Dutch gunboats are constantly making cruises around the archipelago, Meets of Borneo and Co- ram piraves frequently make predatory voyages, working their way, in about six montus, all round the islands by leaving in the middle of one mon- soon and returning during the next. From thig cause and the universal decay of civilization and settled order what were ouce great empires are now Jawless and poverty-stricken communities. But this cannot, of course, last forever. Bach decade sees a portion of the arclugelago reclaimed py Huropean enterprise; and whea it 18 brought once more under an orderly rule it will sus- tain scores of millions of people, and will carry on With America and perhaps—probably—with Europe also, through America, immense com- merce. The profusion of its vegetation has become almost proverbia!. For spices and many kinds of drags and gutta percha and India rabber it is even now the main source of supply for the civilized world; and its mm resources are said vo be very great. The suppiy of tin trom Borneo aad Sumatra 18 every year becom!ng larger, and oi] weila and gold mines are reported to exist in the interior of Borneo, ‘The only free port in the neighborhood of ail this rapidly developing wealth, Singapore caa scarcely decine Ia Importance. if the trade between the Malayan Archipelago and the Uniied States becomes large, as there ia every probability of its doing, American vessels will no doubt prefer some port at the western side of the islands, and such a port will probably be established. Buc this will by no means ruin Singapore, which will still rematn the entrepot of the Sumatra, the Malay Penlosula and probably of southeastern Borneo, It 1s Something to know that a few true Americans have already turned their eyes to this parcof the giobe. The vest book on the resources of the archi- pelago has been written by an American traveler, and only three or four wonths ago an American gentleman, Captain Ruggies, penetrated on foot far into the interlor of Borneo, There are also three or four American whalers cruising about the archipel- ago, and they have iast season been very successful. The Mary Smith came into Singapore the other day fallof oll, and has just started on another cruise. Sue has already been out im these seas three years, and has in that time taken oti to the value, it is said, of $85,000. She is only @ litle sailing bark of 400 tons, ‘The government of Singapore is, ali things con- sidered, a reasonably good one. In a city of 100,000 people, only 600 of whora are Europeans, repreaent- ative government would certainly be a fatiure. So te colony has to be governed by what ts practically an absolute despotism, modilied only by an appeal to the English Parliament. All executive and legislative power 18 vested in a governor and # counell of some dozen members. The Governor (a3 English colonial governors tnvanably are ali he. Wortd) 18 very anpopular, owing to his ale jess expenditure on his Own personal con- vi of the public funds, He is building a magnificent Government House; he runs about the Straits in government steamers unnecessarily, it 13 alleged, and he spends public movey in many other ways Wit what ts termed extravagance. For these al crimes great efforts are being made to ia- duce the home government to recall him, ‘The great principle of Lnylish oficial policy to- Wards the natives here is to let chem alone a8 much a8 possibile, Luckily, the Malays and Chinaman have 4 great antipathy tor each other, and so, when riots break out, as in Singapore Mfteen years ago, or in Penang jast year, the authorities call out the one race to put down the other. But so lonw as they keep the peace the goverament troubles itsedt very little about the natives, it hes certainly put down gambling, but it still ivenses opium shops and dues not tnterfere with polygamy. An Ara) or @ Chinaimaa is allowed the luxury of his zenand or harem, unmelested, and just a3 if he ere not living under a Christian goverament. In fact, women are bought and sold tn Singapore the Satue a8 in China, though not, perhaps, so openly. A ian, either White, Celestial or Arab, can order a gitl from One of the regular traders in such articles, and be supplied with exactly the r with a guarantee of virginity cn the bargain, for from sixty dollars to $200, accora- ing to the state of tae market. Of course If te poor @irl chose to claim the protection of the law she Would be declared free; but she is kept carefully se- cluded from all chances of obtaining the informa- tion that she is lu @ free country, aud passively suv- mits to ber destiny, Some starving revelations have been made by the commission appointed to investigate some riols that took place last yoar in Penang. It bas been Known for scars that the population of the entire Straits Settlements are connected with secret societies, but the evideace colleeved vy the commission shows that these organizations are of the most elaborate cha- racter. ‘Jiis system of secret societies was intro- duced by the Chinese, among whom there are deape- rate feuds, the men of Amoy hating the men of Canton with a flercer hatred than that they bear to- wards foreigners. Some of the streets in Singapore and Penang are exciusively inhabited by the men of Aloy, and others exclusively by the meu of Canton. Of course under these clroumstances there are fre- quent mejées, and only the vigilance of the police prevents bloody disturbances. The peopié of the various quarters muster vogetber every now and then with standards and weapons and drums, and, unless they are dispersed, induige ti murderous fight. The riots last August in Penang sprang ap very much in this fashion, bat, having n allowed Lo get beyond the control of the authorities, they lasted several days and resulted tn loss of life to the ex- tent of over 2,000 niggers and two white men. The commission appointed to examine into the affair collected evkience from forty-one witnesses and sat for thirty days, Only one of the witnesses had courage enough to tell the whole truth, but even the most extraordinary portions of his confessions have been confirmed piecemeal by the admissions of the over witnesses. According to this man's state- suent there are four hocys, or secret socteties—two of them among the Chinese, one among the Malays fod the fourth among the Klings. The two Chinese hocys ave named the Ghee-Hina and the Toe Peh Kongs. The purpose of the former seems to have been to overthrow the Tariar dyn u ity an a the rule of the Ming tamily; but this has long been Jost sight of. “The Malay y, known as the Red Fiag. and that of the Kitugs, or Moarassees, ag the White Fl Witteas deseribed wth the ceremony o} tion in the & Hin ty, Whieb, he sald, lasted the greatest profuslun; neve as a nulpunane, a | very nearly # Wwuyie Gay. Alter being properiy believed to have of the instruction in ritual of the society. It was oe the bcreagr that the societies Bolten, tetas ne ees mn av mont prov. for the f iowa) of eriainal bers in some safe the means of forcing Unanimous revolt, and that should any individual member eu hs treason against the ment the whole strength of the society ts Pledgead to pentent Dim, . The safety of the overnment at present, suilicientiy certain, cause the societics Hate each other more than they hate the authority of the British officials, But this may at any time cease to be the case. And thea—— fat why is Singapore called the “Oity of the Tiger?” ‘ell, until very recently no natne could have been more appropriate. The nattves in the tn- terior of the isiand Were being carried off by tigers at the rate of one per diem, aud tracks, which were unwistakably those of tigers, wore constantly being Seen on the outskirts of the city. le wlio were ordinarily cautious, however, had but iittle cause to be alarmed. The tiger, untess he ig very hungry, only wanders about between three and seven o'clock in the morning, and even then rare!y attacks a man unless he gets an opportunity to spring upon him from behind, All the men who havo been found killed by tigers seem to have been kuléd tm one way—the pack of the skull crushed in by one terrible blow of te paw. Just at present the ugers in Singapore are very quiet, and the only death recently reported has been that of a little child, who was dragged into the cage of a show tiger Kept by some Malays. ‘Tie government, however, still keep up the reward of re head for every tiger killed on the island. ‘arol, the French Canadian, who was one of the famous * urries” of the East, is dead, but lis momory {3 gill green in the minds of most old Si gaporeans. One of them, the other day, told the writer some of Carol’s expioits and eccentricities among other things, how he marched through sin- gapore clad only in the spotis of the chase. Le is Kulled more tigers than any white Man living. Tiger king scemed to be with lua a positive infatuation, JAPAN. Revolationcry Consequences—An Ancient Dynasty Deposed—Spoile of War—Enge land@’s Gamo and Present Gain~Position of Foreigners—Vinancial and Commercial DecreesCultivation of Silk. Yoxonama, July 28, 1869. At length this “‘cruei war’ is over; but for what space of time Japan 1s destined to enjoy the biess- ings of peace is exceedingly problematical. The fort at Kamida, the only stronghold that was not known fo have opened its gates to the imperial ariny at the time the ast mat! left, had surrendered on the 24th, After the fall of Hakodadi the imperial general demanded the surrender of Kamida, and, With strange inconsistency, had sent the garrison, before he knew Ennomotto’s answer, provisions and water of which wey stood muck in need. The only condition that Ennometto demanded was that his troops sould be guaranteed their lives. This was granted. For himself he asked nothing. He ts now in Jeddo awatting bis sentence, So far the revoluuion has succeeded. In the space of eigiiteen months the whole form of the government has been changed. Tne Tokugawa family, that had held power for the last 300 years, bas been entirely dQemoralized and the glory has departed from their house. The Southern princes are now in power and the great desire of the English Minister has been gratified. Satsuma, Choisin aud Tosa have divided the loaves and fishes between themselves and their friends. Satsuma igat the head of the Treasury, Cholsin of the army and Toga of the navy. Aciisen, a warm adherent of Satsuma, but who threatened to kick the traces a short time ago, has been appointed Ciel Adviser to the Mikado, The exact nature of this latter appointment it is diMcult to comprehend. It 13 said that he ranks next to the Mikado; but has he apy powerf This ques- tion, like @ good many otlers relating to Ja- panese politics, I am unable to answer. At any rate his income has been increased 70,000 kokus, while that of tae otuer three has been increased 100,000, Besides this, Satsuma, Cholsin and Tosa only are to be allowed to retain their own armies and territo- ries, All the rest are to give up their forces and do- minions to the government, receiving therefor their entire valuation in kinsatz (paper money), and are to be allowed their usual incomes, and each will be Governor of the territory 60 ceded, but the owner- ship is to be with the Mikado. This is the pro- gramme laid down by Satsuma and company, but tt is doubtful whether it will be carried out. Undoubt- edly Satsuma is playing a strong game. Let us sup- | ev vhat he succeeds in his designs, the result will @ that the whole military power wi!l be centred in the hands of the trio, with Satsuma holding the purse. All the other daimios reduced to simple ba- Tons, Wilh nO armies nor mMunilion: of war, can cause them no great amount of trouble. ‘Thea will come the second trick of his game. if he and Choigin combine against Tosa, they wili be able with very lit- tie diMculty to reduce him to the level of the others, and then it will be an affair between the two worthics themselves, A struggle between Satsuma and Choisin can have but one result—the latter will be the under dog and then Satsuma will be the des- potio ruler of all Japan. That this is his game I have not the slightest doubt, and if ic should .suc- ceed it will tend ultimately to the great good of the country, by destroying the pernicious feudal system. But the success of this plan oe. of course, primarily upon the acquiescence of the dal- mios to be disarmed and deprived of the owner- ship of their territory. Aiready the order bas caused a gregt deal of dissatisfaction, and several Gaimios have left Jeddo for their own homes, My own opinion 18 that the groat body of the princes Will not subinit to being thus despoiled without a grand struggie; but unless they eviace more unity of action, more ability and courage thaa did the Tokugawas and their friends, they may as well submit at once. And uuity of action does look like an impossibility, As [ have said, the English Mintster has won his game. But I believe, had he beea gufted with the power of looking two years ahead when he first commenced his machinations against the Tycoon, he woud have hesitated before he took the path he did. What ia the position of affairs? 1 gave you, in & former leteer, ‘twenty-four questions’? submitied by the Foreign OMce to be discussed by the so-called Parliament uow in session at Jeddo, most of them relating to the position of foreigners in Japan. These questions have been discussed and the det that took place in this assembly clearly ehowed that there was a large majority opposed to foreign inter cours. Foreigners were freely flattered with the pet appellations of “dogs,” “beasts,” “devils,” &c., and unfavorably compared with the very lowest class of coolies. The question was raised whetner 1 would not be best to drive all foreigners out of the country, even at the risk of a war wiih most of the foreign Vowers, avd on 4 vote being taken was lost by @ majority of thirty only (there were over 270 members present), on the igre of its being “inexpedient at present.” Even sir Harry Parkes has admitved in an address to the Chamber of Commerce that he believed that if a vote were taken throughout the country there would be found a large majority in favor of non-inter- course with foreigners. Such is tbe delectable post tion which the diplomacy of Sir Harry and the mas- ‘erly inactivity of the other Ministers have wrouglit for foreigners In Japan. But, although the “Japs' think {t “inexpedient’’ to go to war with the Western Powers, 1t strikes me that they are not entirely without hope of being able to effect their purpose by other means. They are trying the game of starving foreigners ont by their indirect stoppage of trade through their i currency, ‘Shey have forced kiusats into a circulating medium amon 1 theinselves, Not only do they force the Japanese mer- chant to part with hia gooda for this paper token, but they also make him give up bis silver for the same at par. The effect is evident, The toreign merchant refuses to take kinsatz for hia goods, Consequently the Japa can’t buy, and the Japs are not bound to take kinaatz from foreigners, The consequence is that trade ia almost eutireiy at a standstill. All the “go-downs” (waretiouses) are filled with foreign goods, with very livtie chance of their being disposed of. And the foreign merchant who buys tea or ailk must take his hard coin tato the interior for settlement, Some remonstrance has been made to this financial contusion by the Knglish Minister (of Course it is not to be expected that the American Minister would move in the matter), and What at first looked like a concession was made, which was that Instead of using 50,000,000 rios (a rio 19 four boos), redeemabdio in thirteen years, they would issue only 32,000,000 rios redeemable im three vig Now it has always been a question whether hey could, and if they could whether they would, redeem their obligations in thirteen years, Now if they could not pay off 60,000,000 rios in thirteen years, how are they going to redeem 82,000,000 in three ye: For the fact ts the Japa themselves give as one of the reasons for making this change to their financial acheme that they made jt of account of the dificulty they would have to make provisions for the redemption of tue firat named sun. The logic (7) of the reason. ing 18 obvious, The only way iD which this much vexed question 4 “SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, having been made for the gradual soe {io of paper currency an imperial decree was lasued aboli - ing tha exchange betwoen metal and paper currency, weer paar paged in future tn tho ic currency. The su; mo of the Hakodate rebels, the restoration of the 11 ‘authority all the ‘and the resolution ceme # to by the of Aveir meeting to make united for the resto- ration of the national ity will enable the imperial gov- commence the issue of the new metallic ourrency from the wiuter of this year and mako arranj ite for the Teconseaion of Laine Fig: as tig the next three Esc money ld remain ed It will receive interest at the rate of six per cent annum, pazable in two instal- ments in the seventh and twelfth month of each year, Should any one be 40 wrong aa atl to obstruct the imperial will he will be liable to p ment according to the annexed Another notification regarding the commercial re- lations with foreiguers reads thus:— The sale, purchase or interchange of merchandise to, from or with foreigners must, whenever the value of the trausies- red goods exceed ten rios, be first communicated to this de- partment, whose instructions in regard to the same must then be followed. Japanese receive gold or ailver®| money, or dollars for yoods Auld to foreigners, they must bring the same to tids department, where they will receive kin- ats Ju exchange, | Wicn Japanese wish to buy’ mer. chandise from Torelguers they mast bring the “amount Of money necessary to make such purchase to this depart. meut, and will recetye therefor the note of the department with which to pay the seller. The said note of the depart- ment is at any tine convertible into money. A branch of this department wiil be es:ab! ‘4 ia Yokohama without delay.” Branches of the sume will hereafter Hkewive be established at Negata and Hakodaal, the same to be orlgi- nated from Tokel. At Osaka there will also be founded a departinent, which will be superintended by the merchants of that place and of Kioto. The respeetive directors of the Osaka and ‘Tokei de- change of the notes of the department in motion, terwards in the samo sasaki. No kinsatz may be paid or muy be tendered for payment to foreigners, When odicers or merchants wish to. buy’ ships or arms {rom foreigners, which require considerable amounts of money, they faust bring reai money with them, and then acquaint the Commercial Department with the same, When foreign: ers buy merchandise in the town or in the surrounding diie tieta, and pay for the same in dollars or other cola, the sel- lev, oF the receiver of this money, must inform the ommer- cial Department of the transaction In caso the amount ex- ten rlos. The abovenamed regulations must be ob- in every open port. ‘The non-observance of the samo will entail heavy punishment on the offender, and any one who believes improvements muy be inade ta ‘expected, if ho Suds support for his opinions, to state them to the govern- ment, ‘The ports that have been recently opened in Japan do not seem to have had any very 1mporiant effects upon trade. In Jeado, alvhough a number of peo- ple are residing there, say about twenty, there has 80 lar been but little business transacted, except in the matter of chartering steamers by the Japanese princes to convey their troops home. At Negata, the whole foreign population consists of three per- sons. I wonder why that place was ever selected for an open port; 16 would make a iirst rate penal colony. Lachlan Fletcher, Esq., her Brittanic Ma- jesty’s Consul at this port, died ‘here on tne 7th Inst.,. after a short tiness, Mr, Fletcher had been in her Majesty's consular ser- vice in this country eleven years, and was appointed Cousul to this Lope on the 14th of January, 1868, Mr. Fletcher had earned the respect of the whole foreiga community, and his funeral was largely at- tended by citizens and naval officers of almost every nauionslity represented here, His successor is Mr. kussel Rovertson, lately removed from Hiogo to Jeddo. ‘The case of the Pactfic Mail steamship New York vs. the British steamer Ocoan Queen has been tricd here by the British Consul and four other persons— one British and one American naval oilicer and two merchant captains RORDScaveNy of the same nation. alities, sitting as a court of arbitration, The resuit Was 8 decision im fayor of the Pacillc Mail Steam- ship Company to the amount of $10,218. This was alterwards reduced to $9,020 upon appeal, ‘pps the ground of excessive damages awarded for delay. Lappend a very interesting report sent into the Yokobatma Chamber of Commerce upon the sik cul- tuvation 1 the interior of Japan by an expedition which has been investigating this matter for the last month. The expedition consisted of the Italian Minister and several merchants of diifcrent nation- ait‘es, Although somewhat lengthy, to those in- terested in this matter it will well repay perusal. ‘The Main potut of interest ts thus stated:—The to- Vestigations which the members of the expedition were euavled to pursue concerning the cultivation of tle silkivorm, at the different localities they visited, and the minute observations that they made at the same time regarding the sanitary condition of these insects, have been productive of the happiest re- sults. They have been abie to testify that not only is there no existence of the pevrine in the worms, but that this disease 18 indeed altogether unknown to the Japanese. ‘his testimony is of the nature to give a positive Genial to the idea spread in Europe concerning the infecuion of the Japanese seed, and will serve at once to calm the appreneasion of our cultivators on the subject, and to inspire them for the future with Implicit confidence as to the quaiity of the original cards of this country, jefore closing this report it were weil to add a few words as tO the reasons, which cause tue high prices for the caras; such being neither in accordance with the @bandance of the crops nor with the large quantity of cocoons which are set aside for the purpose of brecdmg. The high prices of the cartons may be per- haps attributed to the losses which attend the repro- duction of the seed, in the form of a parisitical tusect called “oud (i, e. in Japanese—mystery) This little insect, Which exists in an embryo stage in the silk-work before the spinning season, has been lon; Kuown tn Japan; it comes to life in the chrysalis an eats its Way Out of the cocoon after having destroyed tae Chrysalis itself, The destruction caused by this Parasite varies according to the seasons and the at- tMospheric causes, to from twenty to eighty per cent, ‘This proportion applies solely to the cocoons which are required for breeding; as in those witich are de- voted to reeling purposes the chrysalis is satfocated belore the “oudji”’ pierces the cocoon, THE GREAT WEST. The Removal of the National Capital—Gone- ral Opinien Favors St. Louis—Would Not This City be a Loser Rather Than Galner t—How Its Becoming the Metropolis of the Nation Would Affect Tiis City—Eice ments of Greatness Ia and About St. Louis— Reflections That Must Commaud Attention. Sy. Louis, Sept. 11, 1860. A question that now profoundly agitates the West i3 the removal of the national Capical to some point in the Mississipp! vailey. By general consent St, Louis is looked upon as the most appropriate se- lection for the new Washington. Up to tne present time, however, I think this matter has been treated rather superficially both by the people of this city and the press generally. Oratora and pubiic writers seem not to have been imbued with the spirit of manifest destiny, with tye greatness and grandeur that the future has in store for us as & people aud a nation, Twenty years from now St, Louls willbe looked upon as an Eastern city; indeed, already it has been pronounced by a few journals a8 too far east for its selection as ule national metropolis, while, as we have sala, gencral consent looks upon the proposition in a ratier fair light, To become great, poweriul and tniuential 8t. Louis needs not the national ceutre in its midst. Looking over the ground calmly it ia a question if the removal of Waslitngton to this point would not be a most serious drawback to Its moral, intellec- tual, Social and political progresg, St, Louis ia now @ city of splendid reputation; its public mo- raiity 19 equal, at least, to that of any other city in tho republic, wnhile the standing and position of private families have @ savory and healthy flavor that makes a Private residence and association here highly coveted. The influences and the natural evils of @ national capitol at this place Would seriously strike against the barriers that the best society has built to protect itself against the encroachments and assumptions of outside, uncon- genial powers. By the removal of Washington hero— tor when you remove the capital you remove all its featurea—you bring a horde of political thieves and lobby scoundreis who have no other aim in life than im making a living out of politics, Is ts notorious that the city of Washington is to-day the worst poveraes most imm<ral and dirtiest metropolis of the Union. The reputation of St, Louls as the national capital wouid exuctly What Washington is now, ig City 18 & great com- mercial metropolis; it 1s the centre of vast i ntcrests, which if left free to develop themselves must give it rank as the great city of the West. Trammel these interests with political intrigues and political machi- nations and St. Louis would be ruined. The indn- ences would be such that hundreds of her best abie men how engaged In mercantile and commercial Dursults, would turn their attention to politics, and while they are now respected and estecmed, they Would be looked upon as politicians of these latter Gays are looked upon—“Men to bo had at their price.’ And we think the influence would be stil more serious and damaging upon the rising generation of young men. In a country like ours, where deep religious convietions are neliher matters of conviction nor education, youth are apt to embrace that whlch tends to the purely material in life, regardtess of moral Intuences and moral resuits, Take, then, and remove the seat of government vere, with all the nduences noto- rlou+ly corrupung, aod you would aim @ blow at fidelity and the ieadiog men in this city that it would increase real estate, give them ‘potion wer aod improve the Misslssipp! river ey Miscaloulate the mission and des- tiny which Aimighty Goad has in store for the American people. We hold that unless our blic men are moved by grand ne waral impulsea the Seagaence of (Hig an tet ara us—and ui te unjust, ve been chastised In reds ita best and bravest children, while the walls of widows and the cries of orphans make the air mournful with lamentations, Af the national capital is to be removed—and that it will is inevitable destiny. the point must be Almighty One has ne forth that dontinent, from the Ne Pole to the South, 1s to be American, not only in name, but In blood, laws jo it. This the and government 18 sublime future that awalts us. of America” means, in the future, American unity from the North to the South a He who docs not believe ia this, and is not ins) by these profound convictions, will fa tn @ i the inspiration of the American heart, Its fulfiiment can be no more impeded by man, or any set of men, than can the divine laws of the universe that govern in ma- jesty and beauty the terrestrial and celestial bodies floating about us in sweet harmony, We repeat that St. Louis does not require to be a national capital to make ber great and powerful. It was oniy in 1804 that the village, of a few huts, then comprising the olty, was transferred to the American authorities. In aiittle more than half a century that village has been transformed into a magical city Giclee between 250,000 and 300,000 souls. In those days her currency was deerskins and her clearing houses summed a few hundred thousand dollars yearly. Now the St Louis Clearing House averages its millions monthly, and to prove this we ‘ive (ue report Of transactions for the week ending ugust 30:— Date. Clearings. Balances, 2, $245, 706 246,000 . 204,888 «ay 130,689 August 27.. + 1,009,361, 212,994 August 28.. + 7,680,436 168,921 $10,176,838 $1,259,800 10,799,796 1,250,023 Decrease... $103,168 Increase.. $9,777 This is put a single proof of St. Louis without the Machinery of & national metropolis, Tue city has now a Chamber of Commerce ranking among the first in the republic for honor and integrity, The report of its treasurer for 1863 shows its receipts to have been $29,709 85, and its expenditures $1,055 93, ‘The citizens of St, Louis have invested in the sole matter of steamboats and barges $6,110,500. Ina commercial point of view they are masters of the mighty Mississippi, the great Missour, the Ohio and the Illinois rivers, and their influence 1s felt from the Fox river, in Wisconsin, to tbe Red river, in Arkan- gas. rallroad centre it has as feeders the Pacific, the Indianapolis and St. Louis, the Ohio and Mississipp!, the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis, the North Migsourt, the Iron Mountain, and the Chicago and St. Louls through lime, connecting at Vidal with the Lilmois Central. ‘This great city is in the heart of a vast agricuitural and mineral country, As yet she 15 butin her infancy, What the agricul. tural resources of this State are 13 well known, but ite mineral wealth is, 80 to speak, yet hidden. Copper has been found in fifteen counties, Zinc is abundant. Material for giass manufacture in great profusion, In 500 localities rich veins of lead, extending over ‘an area of country of moro than 6,000 square miles, Coa! abounds in Missouri. Rich beas have been dis- covered in thirty counties, and in the county of St. Louls there are coat beds extending 160 square miles, it has been estimated, at the very lowest Iigure, that It would take 3,0CO years, at the rate of 109,000 tons a day, to exnaust the coal beds of this State alone, Missouri is famous for ita iron mines. The cono of jron Mountain contains 231,000,000 tons, aud every foot beneath {s set down at 3,000,000 tons of ore. ‘The upper section of Shephard Mountain contains 14,000,000 tons. The iron is very fine, yielding ou @n average lifty-six per cent, We need scarcely add other feature s to show its immense mineral wealth, In the trade of live stock St. Louis and the State are growing immensely, Thirty years from now it 1s estimated that Missouri will produce 100,000,000 pounds of wool. The real and personal roperty of the city 1s set down at $159,009,000, al estate is high and investment frequenily pays from 100 to 500 per cent. St. Louis, then, of itself, aud the rich State of which it 18 the commercial capital, and with the wealth pouring and flowing into it from other States by rail and water, needs not the induences of a national capital to revivify it into a new life, itis on the road to greatucss and grandeur. Most probably it will become the great- est of inland cities, but it will never become the metropolis of the nation, for there 1s a law higher than bumau laws that controls aud orders the great atfairs of this world as well as the great affairs of others, That law never permita either man or city to become 80 opulent and powerful above their neighbors as to make them proud and tyrannical. And when they do become so the Eternal Power that rules all powers smites the mighty and the haughty to the dust a3 It smote a Napoleon anda Jerusalem. Woe cannot but reflect that it would be weli in our mighty race lor power and earthly grandeur to use and reflect if we are doing well in the sight of jod a8 We are in the sight of man. Asa people we need not fear that our material greatness and grandear will not Ca dood ail other nations of the varth, yet all this will be trampled and humiliated if we forget those great, graud and noble moral prin- ciples that are the safeguards of the famtly altar aud the foundation upon wich alone can rest a mighty empire founded upon justice aud love. The retribu- tive and eternal laws governing the untverse strike to the earth the individual or the nation warring against them, The Crops Throughout Ohie~Bright Prospects for the Farmers—Crop Reports from a Section of Country Extending One Hundred aud Sixty Miles. XeEnrA, Greene County, Sept. 10, 1360, “We have nover had more abundant crops in this part of the country than we are blessed with the present year,” was the reply of a farmer at this point to the inquiry of your correspondent in regard to the harvest. Wheat surpasses anything known for years, oats excellent, rye and bariey good. Wheat averages from twenty to twenty-five bushels to the acre, and 13 at present selling for $1 10 per bushel, though it has been as high as $1 25. Oats forty-five cents a bushel, Farms are worth in this locality and the surrounding counties from sixty dollars to $150 per acre, depending much on iocation and improvements, Thero is not an acre of land in Greene, Clinton, Clarke, Bayard or Warren county that could be purchased at lesa than sixty dollars per acre. The fruit crop 1s very fair, and corn will be better than Was expected, If there are not early frosts this latter crop will be much Jarger throughout the State than first reports estimated. This 1s a great stock raising county, and many of the largest farms are devoted to this branch of industry. I will now continue to give reliable reports of a beit of country extending 160 miles, principally through an average agricultural communtty in this State, The reports from this district are proabably about those that could be received from personal observations in any other section of the country, Loutlon.—W heat, oats, rye, barley, excellent; po- tatoes good aud crop large; iruit Medium quantity and qualiy, Wheat averages twenty to twenty-five bushels to the acre; oats forty to fifiy bushels. Wheat is worth $1 10 per bushel, Good farms worth from $40 to $200 per acre, Good farming teams Worth from $300 to $400 the span. Saddle hoises ya $200 a head. Milich cows of best quality $76 0 $80. South Charteston.—-Wheat crop excellent, averag- lng fifteen to twenty busitels to tue acre, Oats good. Fair crop of rye and baricy, but no’ much under cultivation, County is largely devoted to grazing Purposes. Land worth from 350 to $100 per acre. Morrae,—Wheat never equalled in this section; Will average twenty bushels to the acre; corn crop faw. The heavy rains in the spring and ihe drought of the summer have caused the farmers in some por- tions to replant three times. Barley and rye, fair crop. Potatoes good and abundant. Fort Lebanon.—Cropa as a whole good and pros- pects bright for the farmer. As at other points the wheat crop Is excellent. Fishers.—Wheat magnificent, or, in the language ofa plain farmer, “We have a bully crop.” Oats and potatoes excelient, Kyo ond bariey fair, fruit crop good. Farmers are thoroughly satisded with the general results. Loveland.—Wheat and oats were never better. Potatoes, splendid yield aud quality good, Corn will be better than expected if there are no carly frogta, Oata worth sixty-five cents a bushel; wheal, $110, Fruit—pears and peaches good; apples, small crop and quality indifferent, Hay excellent, worth from $18 to $20 per ton in the Cinclanatt mar- ket. Farms average all the way from $60 to $200 per acre. Good teams for farm purposes worth $400 the span. Saddle horses of good quality cau ve pur- chased for $150 to $180, Muisord.—W heat, oats, barley, rye and all cereals good. Potatoes plentiful. Hay, good vrop, good prices and ready sale, Frult, fair crop, Plainviie,—Crops were never better, taken | Steph The yield of wheat willbe much more ‘an an average, and the same may be sald of oats, MidVeton.—The farmers in this section of the country have been very successful. The season will prove highly remunerative A and active market at Cincinnati opens to the farming com- munity @ ready sale for all their products and at good prices. A fow general remarks may not be ont of piace. There Wiil be @ great surplus of cereals throughout the West this year, and as the crops in Karope have Hot been as good as usual it is more than probavie that the Importations to Europe will be very large. To give the farmers a falv opportunity to export It 1s to be hoped that raliroad managers will take active steps to freight grains through to New York as cheap as possible, ‘TNs 13 a question of great hip orvanc and we trust it wii be acved upon for the benelt of MONTANA. ; The Northern Pacifico Raliroad Observation Party Conclude Their Labeorse—The Various Local Routes Examined—General Opinion as te the Best—Political Complications, BozeMAN Crry, Sept, 8, 1869, ‘The Northern Pacific Rativoad party sent out to examine the various routes proposed between the Yellowstone river (thirty-five miles east of this piace) and the Walla Walla valley and Washington Terris tory have concluded their observations, and set forth this morning of their return to the East, Prominent among them I may mention Thomas H, Canfleld, Burlington, Vt.; W. M. Roberts, St. Louls, Mo, ; W. T. Johnson, Middletown, Conn.,and a nephew of Jay Cooke, of Philadelphia, the president of the company. Until the discovery of the precious metals in Montana ana the partial settlement of the lesa- tpg agricultural valleys in consequence th@ majority of those who had given thought to the subject of a transcontinental ratiroad supposed the most feasible route would bé@ found to mainly bear north of the Missouri river; deacending to the southward from a point west of Fort Benton, and passing over the main rango through Cadot’s Pass, sixty or seventy-Ave or eighty miles northwest of here. That opinion was natural enough, as all important government surveys ang explorations had been made along those upper latt+ tudes, and comparatively little was known of what are now the most wealthy and populous ons of Montana, The practical facts are now presented to the world that several miuers’ ditches on this latl- tude convey water from the eastern to the western slope; that the main range may be considered broken down to a dead plain at the Big Hole, Jeffers son and several other passes west of this city; im short, that the pioneer faruiers and miners of Mon- tana have discovered and ecttled in and around lower depressions in the Recky Mountain range than have ever been found by the topographicat arties sent out by the general government. he route of the Northern Pacific Kallroad so far as Montana is concerned, !s then—such, I lieve, being the expressed couviction of the gentle- men whose names I have given—described as fol- lows:—Up through the Valley of the Yellowstone to Spring Oanyon (between tho waters of the Gallatim and the Yellowstone); through this canyon to this joint, belug on the head waters of the Gallating Row tho Gatlatin to the “hreo Forks, or where the Madison, Jefferson and Gullatin, uniting, form the the Jeiferson’s waters to the Big Hole Pass; through one or tne other to the Deer Lodge Valley, on the western slope; down the Deer Lodge to tne Bivter Root; the Bitter Root to the Hell Gate; thence to Clark’s Fork of the Columbia, and on through the best agricultural districts to Portland, Oregon, or some point on Puget Sound. ‘This route is as direct as the routes surveyed re- spectively by Stevens, Mulian and McClellan, and passes from the eastern boundary of Montana to the western, through our widest aud most fortile val- leys, and is immediately ou line with the mineral belts, over gold, silver and copper ledges and best placer fields, ‘Ine truth ts, the compauy cannot bulid the road by auy other route; an imperative financial necessity ime pels tg adoption, From theie land grants of alters hate sections of forty miies on either side of the road must be derived the means of construction, as they receive not a dollar 1a the way of bond subsidies. ‘They must choose the route through regions at the resent time available for sale and settlement Would emigrants croas and leave behind them tl chain of fertile valloys of which this (the Gallatin) the second most important link—the Yellowstone standing at the head—turning their backs on all our rich mines of goid, silver and copper, for homes away up North, where a iurrow has not yet been turned, and there is no hope of markets for the fratte of their industry for years? Such a supposition is absurd. Taking it for a fixed fact, then—as we cer- tainly fatrly can—that the route described will be the line Of tue second great transcontinental ratiroad, information concerning the climate, soul, &c., of the Tegions traversed must be valuavic and interesting. AS regards the Gallatin, Jeffeison, Deer Lodge, Hell Gate, Bitter Root aud Clark’s York valleys, weir adaptability to grain growing and grazing have been sufMicientiy proven by success- ful tillage and stock raising in them for the last six years. On the spontaneous grasses herds fatten the year round, cattle olten being driven from the unenclosed ranges to tie butchers’ stalig. in mid-winter, and making fat, sweet ond nutritious beo!, aud bewer wheat, oats and barley crops than are now being harvested in the valieya of the Gallatin, Deer Lodge and Bitter Koot were never grown over the same extent of ground anywhere in America, ‘Ine six valleys ine clude @ cultivable area, probably of 50,000 square miles; la each there 1s still ron for thousands of farmers, distributing among them quarter section tacts. ‘Owing to the hostility of the Sioux and Crow Indians and unwise treaty sipuiations of the government With these savages 10 eas sottles meats have been made on the Yellowstone, bus 16 ts our most extesswe and probally most fertily Vale ley. I regret the raliroad party which has just dee paried did not extend their observations further im their direction, it year I spent several weeks in twe valley, travelithg cousiaally, wuich euabies me to give your readers many reliable facts. fhe bottom lands vary in widtn from one to twenty miles, and almost every acre ig reciaimabie to cultivation, as is evinced by the rank growtu of wild rye and nutritious grasses which extend from tbe pine forests of the mountains down to the rich vegetabie mould mnarqining the river, The uplands arc ceriainiy adapted to the pro- duction of all the cereals, Save corn; and all the ea- culent roots and vines, aad perhaps the excepted gTuln would do well on the lowiauds. The atinose phere 13 very perceptibly more humid, and rat I aim told, are more pease than on the slopes of the main range furtper west, ‘ue seasons would pro- bably be exceptional when irrigation would be necessary. 1 think this is substantiated by the chare acter and condition of the vegetation. The variety is greater and the growth more vigorous. On ihe botto:ns willow, elder, thisties, hops, mint, sorrel, feunel, peas, clover, currants, gooseberries, services beiries, & soore Of species of the thorn, and o nyried other stalworth plants and shrubs, in giving whose botanical classification I will not encroach upom your space, grow so profusely a8 to remind one of old tullage ground which has been abandoned to spontaucous production, Cottonwood frequently ate tains to turee feet-in diaueter, wlle the “choke. cherry” loses it usual modesty, and towers up with tree-like pretensions, 1 have travelled through the Rocky Monutains from here to the Guif of California, aud neyer saw any portion better wate; han this; there ts scarcely @ section of land in’ ellowstone valley, such portions a8 I have travelled through, that can- not, iPitecessary, be irrigated. ‘The mountains are Jjowelled ail over with springs as cold and clear us crystal ice. These counticss fountalas, uniting their currents above, come brawiing down through canyons and splashing over ledges, traversing the main vailey like huge ribbons of sliver. Nobie pines fringe the brows of the mountains, cottonwood groves line all the streams, the iand 18 gently roling, the soil rich and deep, and springs and spring-fed brooks fiash to the view whichever way we turn, Such 13 the great valiey of the Yellowstone, destined ere long, as 1 firmly beiteve, to be filled with all the arts, embellishments and coniforts of civilization, Last night was an ovcasion of brilliancy aud en- thu-iasmn for Bozeman C.ly, many of the prominens men ot the Territ6ry having gathered together from Jar and near to meet and greet the ratiroad party and congratulate each other, A review of ail the speecies Would tax the reader’s patiencs too much, Governor Asuley Waa tue principal speaker, Io the course of his remarks he declared, with emphasis, referring wo the importance of eneouraging immi- gration, thathe was “in favor of making Moutana awhtte men’s government.” 18 this recantation, backsliding, Sopplig over, or whatever you choose to call lt, the frst preliminary step in the direction of a United States Senatorsiip from the democrauc State of Montana? Mr, Ashley 18 waking many friends in his new fleld vy the active interest he manifests 1a the coun- try’s agricultural development; but pelitically, I fear, he 1s getting himself into the ugliest compiications of his life, Just before his arvivaiin the Territory we held a general election--tle people electing a demo- cratic auditor, treasurer and superintendent of public lmstruction by tremendous bo the The ganic act is silent as to how these o all be lied; wherefore many republicans have taken the ground that they were appointive, instead of elece tive, aud importuned the Governor, night and day, until he finally, 1a the face of the’ people's prefer: ences, so loudly expressed at the bailot box, filled gut cominiasions to mem vers of that party to oil these But the present incumbents, who were ‘efune to deliver over the necessary books saying Mr. Ashicy has acted illegali; that their oMices will only be rendered when decreed by the highess tribunal of the land, Ad interim appointinents will not do im thig case, a8 no business can be transacted in the offices of treasurer and auditor without all the appar taining records, Both parties are firm, and declare they will continue to be, The result must be to suspend the most important functions of the local government, THE ANNEXATION QUESTION IN CANADA, From thy Bangor (Me.) Courter, September 16.) ‘he question of Canadian aunexation to the United States secms rapidly to be settling iteell without exe traneous aid. 1t i8 Impossible to suppress the Ine tense focling that agitates the people throughout the British provinces upon this question, ey have become aware that future prosperity depends upom me pa of our institutions, and breaking away from old institutions that are bearing them down like an incubus, Not even the presence of the honored Prince Arthur can prevent the expression of the sentiment that Engish domination ts des- tructive to their material and political welfare. ‘The latest expression of tha people, and perhaps the most emphate and siguificant, was at @ great Public meeting held tin Quebec on Sunday last, at which strong annexation resoluiions were . Strong speeches were made by leading men, and much enthusiasm was mantiosted. No disturbance ‘Was aitempied, and the meeting was not iuterferred with by the authovitios, It is evident that these demonsiralions are becoming more and more bold and emphatic, and are not coufined to any set of lendors, bul are permeating all classes of the com-~ munity. No eiforte of our own could seem to haat a the tse for annexation Which sU6ins approsching With rayid sirvles,