The New York Herald Newspaper, July 7, 1869, Page 8

8 danger of being ‘ment set up "4 4 The action of the President refore, 48 provisional, and in that light, it seems to have been regardeu by Cons, gress. term of the Thirtys eighin Congress had expired. The Thirty-ninth fowsa by the Fortin Congress which met ‘in March, lowed by the Fo! C01 which met'in Maren, 1867, proceeded, after long deliberation, to adopt various measures tor reorganization and restura- tion. These measures were embodied in proposed amendments to the constitntion and in the acts 3 known as the reconstruction acts, which have been, so far carried mto effect that a rity of the States which were engaged in the rebellion have been restored to their constivational relations under forms of government, adjudged t be republican byt Congress, through the admission of their “Senavors and Representatives into the counctls of the Union,’? Nothing in the case before us requires the Court to pronounce judgment upon the constitutionality of any particular provision of these acts, but it is impor- tant to observe that these acts themselves show that the governments which had been established and had been fi tual operation under executive direction, were recognized by Congress as provisional, as existing and as capable of continuance. By. the act of March 2, 1867 (U.S. at., 428), the lirst of the Serie, these poremusen Were, indeed, pror nounced illegal and were subjected to military con~ trol, and are declared te be provisional only; and by the supplementary act of July 19, 1867, the third of the series, it was further declared that it was the trne intent and meaning of the act of March 2 that the governments then existing were not legal State governments, and if continued were to be copunued subject vo the military commanders of the respective , districts and to the paramount authority of Con- gress. We do not inquire here into the constitu. tionality of this legislation so far ag it rekates to military authority or to the paramount authority of. Congress. It suffices to say, that the terms of the acts necessarily imply recognition of actuaily exist- ing governments; and that, in point of Lact, the gov~ ernments thus Da reg in some important re- spects, still exist. What has just been said yener- ally describes, with sufficient accuracy, the situation of Texas, A provisional Governor of the State was appointed by the President in 1865; in 1866 @® Governor was elected by the peopie under the constitution of that year; at @ Subsequent date & Governor was appointed by the commander oi the district. Each of the three exercised executive functions, and actually represented the State in tie executive department. In the case betore ns eactt has given his sanction vo the prosecution of the suit, and we find no aiMcnity, without investigating th legal title of either to the executive office, In hoide ing that the sanction thus given suiticientiy war- ranted the action of the Solicitor and counsel in be~ half of the State, The necessary conclusion is thao the suit was instituted and is prosecuted by come petent authority, ‘The opinion then proceeds to the merits, und after full consideration, concludes that the State of Texas is entitled to the relict sought, and that a decree must be made accordingiy, as her rebel Legisiature was without authority tooimd the faith of the State against the United States ‘The opinion has been abridged by about one-half. Adissenting opinion will appear hereattcr, read by Justice Grier, and concurred 10 as to the question: of jurisdiction by Justices Swayne and Miller, VW ! ) and he will exclatm, tn wonderment, that It a! most exeed te ‘Aladcin’s lamp, what bas here THE GROWTH OF NEW YORK, | caceecetus,tgieot Aucune some, ‘A stroll up Broadway to its mtersection with ~ ~ Bight avenue, on Fifty-ninch street, 18, 1m this re- spect, exceedingly tantrants niente base gow 4 r to enter into a general desert) o , "i sate princely of streets, its marble, lron and brown stone A RETROSPECT---TWENTY YEARS AGO. palaces: how great and flourishing business houses are rapidly extending their — line, ocou- PS ata ae pymg the once revered sites of old fam- (3 . uy mansions ana maxing every year more " re ' 7 and more the prince mnsiness \- fhe Mareh of Trade and | #24 more coldaal ity. Prominent among the > * large buildings on this street completed within a few Population. Years past aud serving ag a corrcet barometer of the progress of New York js the Hunanp Building, mas- sive and solid im construction, pleasing in outline and 2 senplity oF Seanete ey me joining lt is . ary Fal the Park ing, which, with Its massive ARCHITECTURAL CHANGES, | siatnary anu superadded siagres work of ornament, does NOt impress the beholder with that sense of the beautiful which only complete unity in design and architectural congruity can evoke, On the corner of Cedar street and Broad’ there is about being completed a building erec! tora New York jie insurance company, which will in- A REVIEW OF NEW BUILDING deed, together with the one for a smilar company tienen now being erected on the corner of Leouard a oe deviates: [een tee worthy addition to the architec- G OF NEW STREET tural’ grandeur of Broadway. ‘The first is of " granite, the latter of marbie; tne architecture of both 18 plum and simple, and of the modern [talian school, the windows handsomely set Yhe growth of acity expresses itself most typrcally | Om with Jane cana Cs ie = ovens . pady advance in bi ve. | the justly popular Mansard roof, They eacl mn by i steady advance ip buildings and improve | OVUM AaWway about fifly-fve feet, ‘That on Cedar wents, There isamarked difference, however, to | street has a depth of about 100 feet; the other on be made in the application of (his fruism as the caonane sam ADEE IN Beh ee tbe Neate bi anare ° Europe: P .. | to the peak of central dome will be nearly 100 feet. measure for the growth of a European or an Ameri ‘On the site of :he old New York City Hospital, on can eny. The most prominent instance in Europe in | Broadway as well as ob Church street, the foundation. ths regard is Paris, which, under the rule of the | is now mene ear = —— o git pa entEmpe aa ure! aie chinnind tin stores for wholesale business, Which in their arcbi- present Emperor, has pretty nearly changed its eure | fecctural design ate also mtended to contribute to the physiognomy. ‘The Paris of to-day is not the Paris | yenown of te street. Of 1848, nor, it may with justice be satd also, of 1868. in his neighborhood and only @ few nok Nees es sing Bev yey ag | on West Broadway, where but afew years r ‘The prevent imposing palac je broad avenues } Moral reputation of the locality was none of the and boulevards, the splendid and artistic views } pest, the old tenements are fast disappearing. In presented at almost any one of the many points ie course se! me. i a iw reac ee er 8, were papel a jarge number of substantial store buil av @appui of modern Paris, were not the spontaneous been erected orare stili ta the course of erection; work of the tastes and desires of te people; not the | ana white on Broadway marble seems to be the work of the natural growth of the city, It was by | favorite material, on West sroad vay (igs 2308 is . yovernment that narrow s anes | More used, and neariy ail the buildings la up order of the government that narrow streets, lanes | in this neighvorhood have {outs of this material, and aleyways were widened, that blocks of dingy iWshould not be forgotien that in all the streets aweligs extending for miles and dating their origin | east Santee Bros way Jor fee grove nines entur nistare were tivity in building 1s and has been of | 1 back to past centuries of history were demolished | ()ocby and Elm streets are invaded oy the Wholesale and that rows of modern, luxurious and costly palaces so is Clurch street below Canal, and Mer- were erected in their places, virtually, though not eone, Thompson and Wooster streets above it, nominally at the public expe The work of beau- peciaily the firsttwo named. One fact might be especially mentioned in this connection, In all wfying Paris and of making it the foremost city im | these by and cross streets there is a certain kind of point of architectural embellishment was one of the } iterregnaim between the time that business begins ‘Hees Napoleontennes, and was carried out with to press upon the neigubornood and unti) It 18 ac- talon cccanaphoptediained srg oom: tually located there. In general this interregnum is ‘thai resistiess energy and power which have charac- | secured by persons Whose trade is on the vices of the terized the present imperial government in ail its saline Aiets gasesed 20; c¢capy ae orem the Frene! le T ar Vaca ir form a ° relations with the French people, That there may | Q4Vance upon them of the legitimate trade of the have been, behind all this, lurking a thouglt having | city. ‘The nouses are, in many instances, bought on rejerence to possible military operations within the ee — ee eareree: Seedy ties ook Le city, the greater ease which the present wide and | {3" "ce tneir appearance, aud in the meantime eonnecting avenues and boulevards furnish for | they are rented out at the highest possible figure, heavy bodies of troops to disperse a motous assem- annoy ree ‘viene Ee SasPAT UC Te pay: aus was oul é cl biage, allows to suppose, and therefore what has | iy Greene street, and aiso on the east of Broadway been done in the French capical in this respect is not | and in a good many other localities. Thus the a true eriterion of the measure of advance the city | Upward march of the business and tts trenching at a apes upon the private residences below, it might almost has taken under the Napoleonic r'gie. be said, Twenty-third street, does’ algo lessen the itis far otherwise in New York. The enterprise | number itl ae bbe oad = will ee coda tmhe ind : . re other neighborhoods, where their out-of-the-way loca- or te in tividual citizen, his growth in wealth and | ter Dele RDO T ne Mon their prodia Dy. eiminish. prosperity, are here the chief moving causes Inthe ing their visitors, and thus deprive the keepers of city’s advance in building improvements. And if | them of the only inducement they have in engaging we take the year 1848, the year when Lou tn this nefarious trade—inordinate gains. assumed the presidency of the French repul Fa “up on Broadway, only one block north siacung pout, and compare the New ‘ork of is69 | from Stewart’s grand iron palace, 18 another one of with te appearance presented by our city im the | similar structure, on the corner of Eleventh street, first named year, and then have a look at theim- | erected by Messre. McUreery & Uo. for their trade in mense number of new buildings now being erected, | tine dry goods. 161s of iron, and in form and design of some of Which are of gigantic dimensions and some | the Arcade order, overtopped with a French root, surpassed nowhere in beauty of design and solidity | and makes an exceedingly chaste and, from its size, of construction, itis not all out of place to remark | @ massive impression. Lbat the tnrift of republican New York has out- On Union square, Where not many years ago the stripped the capital of France, and the mdividual | “aristocracy” heid full control, they liave been en- enterprise of our citizens has done more than ail the | trely driven off by the enterprise of the business vaunted power of modern Ciesarism. men. And here is now going up a princely palace, Let the reader reflect and carry his mind back to | on the corner of Fifteenth sirect, owned by Messrs, 184$—how New York looked then. Our population } Tiffany & Co., tobe byilt for and occupied by their was jess than lialf of what itis now. The census of | extensive establishinent; of which, when completed, 1860 gave 519,547 souls to the nineteen wards into | they hope to be able to say there exists no superior which tbe city was then divided, Deducting from | anywhere. The tronts are to be marble, decorated tis the ascertalned annual rate of increase of our } with columns, and the roof will be of tne Mansard population for tne two preceding years, which was } order. about three per cent, and we arrive at the popula- On the corner of Eighteenth street and Broadway tion of New York city in 1848 as being 484,615 so asptendid marble palace has Jately been completed or but a small proporiion more than one-third of u for Messrs. aitken & Miller; and adjoming it is present pumber of inhabitants, which certainly is | another one, extending to Ninetecnth street, built bot much short of a million and a quarter, if itdoes | by Arnokt & Constable for their retail trade. e ch growth is unparaileled. None | And on the corner of Twentieth street, on a plot of of the large political and commercial centres in | ground about 100 feet square, Lord & Taylor are now Europe ean equal it, and it is barely imitated at tso- | laying the foundation of an immense marble palace dated points, Where, by the creation of new manu- | to accommodate their uptown retail dry goods facturmg industri 4s of Krapp’s iron and steel | trade, intending to devote their building on Grand works at Essen, for instance, extraordmary causes | street and Broadway to wholesale customers ex- accelerated it. Neither Vienna nor Berlin has | ciusivel, grown at such tremendous rate, though both king On Broadway and Thirty-tirst street the Grand and kaiser bave done everything Lo make their capi- | Hotel of New York, seven siories high, exclusive of tals attractive aud populous, Not even Florence, | the turretted Mansard roof, rears its imposing ajthough only a few years ago made the centre of a | marble front, not yet wholly finshed; and on ‘Twen- new empire, and therefore receiving a new tiapetus | ty-ninth street and Broadway, an old landmark, a to its population by the assembly within its walls | neat little white frame cottage, surrounded by a of the [tuilan Parhament, governigent officials and | well a, garden, was lately removed, and on a ali {talian aspirants to poutical distinction, has made | space of ground covering some 20,000 square feet anything uke suct rapid progress. ‘To astonish tue | anotner marble hotel is to be built for the entertain- World by LL Was, in Lhe good wisdom of Providence, | ment of the transient commercial public and other Jeit to republican America and her metropous, | casual or regular visitors to the metropolis, wither the dissatisfied of all nations on the three | — At the junction of Broadway and Seventh avenue eid Continents are migrating to enjoy ber freedom, } Mr. William B. Astor has erected two large blocks of to partic:pate iu her prosperity and adopt tue West- | dwellings, the fronts being of free stone, the sides, ern republic as their new hom id country. on Forty-third, Foriy-iourth apd Forty-fifth streets, A RETROSPE of brick, with’ free stone cappings. These houses In the neighborhvod of twenty ago, a8 nas | fronton Seventh avenue, aud are arranged to pe already beeu remarked, the appearance 0: New York | rented by foors to separate families. embellishment of the elty and the housing of tts accumulating popuiation, ‘OPENING OP NEW STRERTS. ‘The municipal authorities are evidently striving to assist mm this march of improvement. The opening of Church street trom Vesey street to a B s Z Es ation of the United States, The union of the States never Was a pul artificial and arbitrary relauon. Sees among colonies, and grew ome com- Organizations and Present Stat Union—Vpinion of the Chief Justice fn the Case of Texas, The Slate of Texas, Complainant, vs. George W. While, John Chiles, John 4. Hardenvurg and Others.—Bii in Equity. ‘This is an original suit in this court, in which the State of Texas, claiming certain bonds of the United States as her property, asks an injunction to restrain the defendants from receiving payment from the national government and to compel the surrender of the bonas to the State, alleging that they were unlawfully negotiated by rebels against the governments of the State and of the Unitea States, who administered the affairs of the State during the war. The facts of the case are familiar, and the principal question involved was whether Texas is a State in the Union now, compe- tent to sue in the federal courts. After an elaborate statement of facts the Court on this point say, Mr. Chief Justice Chase delivering the opinion:— It is not to be questioned that this court has origt- na) jurisdiction of suits by States against citizens of other States, or that the States entitled to invoke this jurisdiction must be States of the Union. But t is equally clear that no such jurisdiction has been conferred upon this court of suits by any other po- litical communities than such States, If, therefore, it is true that the State of ‘Texas was not at the time of filing this bill, or is not now, one of the United States, we have no jurisdiction of this sult, and it is our duty to dismiss it, We are very sensible of the magnitude and importance of this question, of the interest it excites and of the diMcuity, not to say impossibility, of so disposing of it as to satisfy the confiicting judgments of men equally enlightened, equally upright and equally patriotic. But we meet iin the case, and we must determine it m the ex- ercise of our best judgmert, under the guidance of the constitution alone. Some not unimportant aid, however, in ascertaining the true sense of the con- slitution may be derived from considering what is the correct idea of @ State apart from any Union or confederation with other States. The poverty of language often compels the employment of terms in quite different significations; and of this hardly any example more signal 18 to be found than in the use of the word we are now considering. {t would serve no usetul purpose to attempt an enumeration of all the various senses in which it is used. A few only need be noticed. It describes sometimes a people or community of individuals uaited more or less closely in political relations, inhabiting temporarily or permanently the same country; ollen 1t denotes only the country or territorial region tmhabite @ by such a community; not unfrequently it 1s apphed to the government un- der which the peuple live; at other times 1 repre- sents the combined idea of people, terntory and government. It is not dificult to see that in all these sepses the primary conception is that of a people or community. The peuple, in whatever territory dwelling, either temporarily or per- manently, and whether organized under a regular government or united by iooser and less deiinite relanons, constitute the State. This is undoubtedly the tundamentai idea upon which the republican Institutions of our own country axe establisued. It was stated very clearly by an eminent judge (Mr. Justice Paterson, in Penhallow va. Doane’s admrs., 3 Dall, 93) in one of the earliest cases adjudi- cated ‘by this court, and we are not aware of aay tune in any subsequent decision of a different nor. In the constitution the term State most frequently expresses the combined idea just noticed of people, territory and government, A Scate, tn the ordinary sense of the constitution, isa political community of free citizens occupying a territory of detined boundaries, and organized under a government sauctioned and limied by a written constitution, and established by the consent of the governed, It is the union of such States under @ common consti- tution which forms the distinct and greater political ‘unit which that constitution designates as the United States, and makes of the peoples and States which compose it one people gnd one country, The use of the word in this sense hardly requires. further re- mark. In the clauses which impose pronipitions upon the States in respect to the making of treaties, emitung of bills of credit, laying duties of tonnage, and which guarantee to the States representation in the House of Representatives and to the Senate, are found some instances of this use i the constitu- .tton, Othera will occur to every mind. But 1t it 18 also used in its geographical sense, a8 in the clauses which require that a Representative in Con- gress shall be an inhabitant or the State in which he shall be chosen, and that the trial ol crimes shall be heid within the State where committed. And there are iastances 12 which tae principal sense of the word seems to be that primary one to which we have adverted of @ peopie or political community, as dis- tinguished from a government. In this latter sense the word seems to be used in the clause which pro- vides that the United States shali guarantee to every State in the Union a republican form of government and shall protect each of them against invasion, In ‘Wis clause a plain distinction is made between a State and the government of a State. Having thus ascertained the senses in which the word “State” is employed in the constitution we will proceed to con- sider the proper application of what has been said. The repubiic of Texas was admitted into the Union asa State on the 27th of December, 1845. By this act the new State and the people of the new State wert invested with all the rights and became subject vo all the reponsibilities and duties of the original States under the constitution. From the date of e is becoming daily more visible. The front, on ‘Trinity place, of the United States Appraiser’s stores 1 also being demolished and built up on a line with the new street, and many other costly and some even hanasome buildings on Dey, Rector, Cortlandt and Liberty screets are giving Way to the march of this timprovement. he continuation of Worth street to Chatham square is nearly sampleled, 80 far as the tearing down process of the old butld is concerned. This will make a considerable into some of the Worst holes of the district once known by the eupho- nious name of the ‘ive Points,” and if by @ simi- lar widening or opening process Baxter, James, Roosevelt and other streets of like character in this neighborhood could be cleared of their sickening ruboish and filth and human, animal and vegetable impurities the “ay would fare still better. It is given out that the widening of Laurens street to the full width of Fifth avenue from Washington square to Canal street may also be taken in hand soon, and also the widening of Broadway for the grand Boulevard to the north of the island. But even if this be true it wil be some tume before the work is completed. Owing to the rapid increase of the population and the number of buildings lately erected on the East river side of the Nineteenth and Twelfth wards, and also in view of the Hell Gate improvement, having for its etfect the drawing of a portion of the inter- Oceanic trade to that part of the city, it 1s reported to have been talked about to peecoest within the course of the present year with the legal opening of all the streets to the river bank from Sixty-frst street to Hariem not yet opened to the use of the public. This would make sad havoc with all the num-7ous pleasure parks in that region and cut them up to such stall dimensions that Tor grand picnics and popular festivals they woula hardly be longer available. ‘The hope is expressed, however, that as there is no immediate need of these streets for the public con- venience, and as the blasting of the many rocks at Hell Gate, at the present rate of progress, may yet last to the close of the ceutury, the municipal autho! dues will not hurry themselves to deprive tie zens of their accustomed summer resorts, to which hundreds of thousands are wont to repair with their famuties for recreation and innocent pleagure on days of more or less general festivity, VOICE OF THE PEOPLE. Hell Gate. B. 8.77 says there is not an engineer in the World who can make a correct estimate of the work necessary to clear the channel at Hell Gate, and to the truth of this he,would stake $1,000, The unfore- seen obstacles are too vast to be calculated in ad- vance. The present contract system is a sad aifair, he says, and spending money on Pan Kock and Mill Rock os it is done is only throwing it away. For $2,000,000 “A. B. 8.”” would ntee that he would make @ channel through Hell Gate tweaty feet in depth, and Nis sureties are ready. His proposition is novel in this respect—that he wants no payment from the government until his work shall have been com- pleted, and he would have the whole contract pri ‘with interest from the date of the contract. He says that his associates are ready to proceed on his plan, and have the fullest confidence. Mr. “A. B. 8.”” had better apply to General Newton, in charge of the work, and the General, anxivus to have it done in the most expeditious and effective manner, will no doubt be giad to near apy suggestion based on prac- ucal knowledge and engineering skill. war, and received de! solem ‘be per- petual.” And when these articles were found to be inadequate to the exigencies of the country the con- stitution was ordained ‘to form @ more perfect union.” | Tt is difficult vo convey the idea of tndisso- luble unity more clearly than by these words. What can be indissoluble @ perpetual union made more ig not? But the perpetuity and ubliity of the Union By no means implies the logs of distiuct and individual e ice or of the right of self-government by the States, Under the articles of confederation each State retained its sovereignty, freedom and inde- pendence, and every power, iriaiesion and right not expressly a to the United States. Under cl al powers not del to the United States nor prohibited to the States are reserved to the States respectively or to the people; and we haye already had occasion to remark at this $erm that “the people of each State compose a State, having its own government and endowed With all the functions essential to separate and inde- pendent existence,” and that “without the States in union there could be no such political body as the United States." (County of Lane vs. State of Ore- gon.) Not only, therefore, can there be no loss of ‘ate and independent autonomy to the States through their union under the constitution, but it May hot be unreasonably said that the preservation of the States and the maintenance of thelr govern- ments are as much within the design and care of the constitution as the preservation of the Union and the maintenauce of the national government. The constitution, in all its provisions, looks to an indestructible Union, composed of Indestructible States. ‘bine? therefore, Texas became one of the nited = States she enteréd into an indissoluble relation, All the obligations of perpetual union and all the guarantees of republican government in the union attached at once to the state. The act which consummated her admfssion into the union was something more than & compact; it was the incorporation of a new mem- ber into the political body. And it was final. ‘The union between Texas and the other States was as complete, as perpetual and as indissoluple as the union between the original States. There was no place for reconsideration or revocation, except Urrough revolution or through the consent of the States. Considered, therefore, as transactions un- der the consutution, the ordinance of secession, adopted by the convention and ratified by a majority of the citizens of Texas, and all the acts of her Le- gislature intended to give effect to that ordinance, Were absolutely null; they were utterly without ope- ration inlaw. ‘The obligations of the State, as a member of the Union, and of every citizen of the State, as @ citizen of the United States, re- mained dspeged and unimpaired. It certainly follows it the Stave did not cease to be a State, nor her citizens to be citizens of the Union. If this were otherwise the State must have become foreign and her citizens foreigners. The war must have ceased to be a suppression of rebellion, and must have become a war for conquest and subju- gation. Our conclusion, therefore, 1s that Texas continued tobea State, and a State of tne Union, notwith- standing the transactions to which we have already referred, And this conclusion, in our judgment, 13 not in conflict with any act or declaration of any de- partment of the national government, but entirely In accordance with the whole series of such acts and declarations since the first outbreak of the rebellion. But in order to the exercise, by a State, of the right to sue in this court there needs to be a State govern. ment, competent to represent the State in its reia- tions with the national government, so far, at least, ag the institution and prosecution of a sult is con- cerned, And it is by no means a logical conclusion, from the premises which we have endeavored to estab- lish, that the governmental relations of Texus to the Union remained unaltered. Obligations often remain unimpaired, while the relations are greatly changed. ‘The obligations of allegiance to the State and of obedience to her laws, subject to the constitution of the United States, are binding upon all citizens, whether falthful or unfaithtul to them; but the relations which subsist while the obligations are performed are essentially duferent from those which arise when they are disregarded and set at naught, and the same must necessarily be true of the obligations and relations of States and citizens to the Union, No one has been boid enough to contend that, while Texas was controlled by a government hostile to the United States and, in aml- lation with a hostile conlederation, waging war upon the United States, Senators chosen by her Legisia- wire, or representatives elected by her citizens were entitled to seats in Congress; or that any suit insti- tuted in her name could be entertaimed in this court. All admit toat during this condition of civil war the rights of the State, a8 a member, and of her pecne: ‘as citizens of the Union, were suspended, The gov- ernment and the citizens of the State, refusing to ize their constitutional obligations, assumed the character of enemies, and incurred the conse- quences of rebellion. These new relations imposed new duties upon che United States. ‘The first was that of suppressing the rebeliton; the next was that of re- establishing the broken relations of the State with the Union. The first of these duties having been performed the next necessarily engaged the attention of the national government. ‘fhe authority for the performance of the first had been found m the power to suppress insurrection and carry on war; for the performance of the second au- thority was derived from the obligation of the United States to guarantee to every State in the Union a republican form of government. ‘Ihe latter, indeed, in the case of a rebellion, which involves the government of a State and for the time excludes the national authority from its limits, seems to be a necessary complement tothe former. Of this the case of Texas furnishes a striking illustration, When the war closed there was no government in the is. OPE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA. PHILADELPHIA, July 6, 1869, In the Supreme Court, before Chief Justice Thomp- son and Justices Read, Agnew, Sherwood and Wile Mams, judgments were entered in the foliowing cases:— Bankholder et al. vs. Shah) et al., error to C. P., oF Somerset county.—Judgment afirmed. Woodward et al. vs. ‘The Cumberland Vailey Rail- road Company.—Appeal dismissed at cost of appel- lants, 5 ‘Same vs. Same, error to ©. P., of Cumberland county.—Bill disinissed, Pritchell, Boyle & Co. v8. Jacob B. Cook, error t0 C. P., of Franklin county.—Judgment affirmed. Givens vs. Miller et al, error to U. P., of Cumber- Jana county.—Judgment reversed, Grenemeyer vs. The Southern Mutual Insurance Company, error to ©. P., of York county.—Judg- ment afirmed, Williams, appeal, error to Cumberland county.— Appeal dismissed. Williams et ai vs. Row et al, error to Cumberland county.—Judgment reversed and a venue de 10d awarded, ‘Wiest vs. Jacob) Judgment airmen. ‘Yaylor and. Ensworth Express vs. E. Eldridge, error to Common Pieas of Lycoming county.—Judg- ment affirmed. Smith vs. Austin et al., error to Common Pleas of Franklin county.—Judgment reversed, John C. Kiniwell vs. Joseph Bettner, error to Somerset county.—!uagment reversed, Appeal of Abraham Hotter.—Decree affirmed at the costs of the appellant. Joseph Alexander vs. the MMin County National Bank.—Judgment affirmed, The Commonwyaith vs. the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. Same vs. the Erle Railroad Company. Same vs. the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg Raile road Company. Same vs. the Monongahela Railroad Company. Same vs. the Clevelana and Pittsburg Kailroad Company. In the cases brought to trial the constitutionality of the tonnage tax, the judgment reverses the decis- torte! the court below and declares the law constitus tonal. The Commonwealth vs. the Phoentx Iron Compas ny.—Judgment reversed. ‘The Commonwealth to the use of Mary C, Miller vs. Snyder et 2!.—Judginent affirmed, The Gettysburg National Bank vs. Kuhns.—Judge ment reversed. Daniel G. May vs. Elizabeth May.—Judgment amrmed, ‘The Pennsylvania Railroad Company vs. Rev. Jn M. Barnett.—Judgment affirmed. ‘The Pittsourg, Colambus and Clocinnati Railroak Wompany etal. vs. Alexander and Thomas Jones,— Danger to Life on Fourth Avenue. A gentleman residing on Lexington avenue, be- tween Sixty-first and Sixty-secona streets, and who rom his proximity has an excellent opportunity to know whereof he writes, complains bitterly of the danger to human life on Fourth avenue, between Fifty-seventh and Sixty-third streets, He could count, he alleges, from ten to fifteen, young and old, that have been killed there either by the Harlem or New Haven Railroad within the last three years. The Belt RaiJroad crosses these tracks at Fifty-pinth street, and po precautions are taken to prevent ac- cidents, AS late as Monday, June 28, a horse and car was struck, and @ man and a boy severely, if not fatally injured, The trains at this point run at a speed of from fifteen to twenty miles per hour, and some such system as at Jersey City, with picket fences and gates, our correspondent suggests, should be adopted. We think 80, too. error to Cumberland county, College Commencements. As some criticisins have been passed upon the pro- priety of calling the closing exercises of a collegiate course “‘commencemenis” an ex-Praeses writes us to say that the word does not refer to the course, ‘Dut rather to the college year, and that in college one year ends and the new year begins on the same day. The graduation of the senior class is the closing act, and the moment the degree 1s conferred and the diplomas are delivered what till then was the junior becomes at once the senior, and so all the classes move forward one step. The theory of a col- lege course is that of a continuous life, into which the vacations as well as the sessions enter. This, it seems, does not at all disarm the criticism of the term “commencement day.” Perhaps “graduating day’? would be more appropriate. = The Rights of Children in City Cars. A “Citizen” relates to us at length the following, which he witnessed:—He was an up town passenger in car No, 32 on the Tenth Avenue Railroad. The seats were all occupied, and among the passengers seated was a little girl of respectable and delicate appearance, about ten years of age. A stalwart was quite different from What it is to-day. It ts im- Goiug up Fifth avenue to the Park a very aumission nntii 1861 th was repre- | State except that which had been oi ized for the | Judgmout afMirmed. , a taken place since then. To mention a few of the } and some even of palatial dimensions, are tere more promiuent Will suffice to recall many more vo | seen in the course of completion. This is espectally the minds of such as were residents of New York at | the case north of ‘Thirty-ninth street, below which that me, apa to those who Were not, but have jo- | point on the avenue itself almost every availuble cuted here wore recently, they Will give some truth- } spot is aiready densely bullt up. EX-Mayor Opdyke’s inj weaus by which to judge ol the growth of the } Jarge brown stone double house, with a douole ex- city, tension to the rear, ou Forty-seventh street and the Coming up the bay from the Narrows one found in } avenue, ts under roof, and tue whole wiil be finished Castle Garden a fasiuonabie resort, where the most } and ready for occupancy by the close of the present recierché entertainments were giyep and whither | summer season. A very large double brick man- That government immediately disappeared. ‘The chief functionaries left the State. Many of the sub- ordinate officials followed their example. Legal responsibilities were annulled or greatly impaired. it was mevitable that great confusion should pre- vail. If order was maintained it was when the good sense and virtue of the citizens gave support ‘to local acting magistrates or supplied more directly the needful restraints. A great social change increased the dificulty of the situation. Slaves in 8 a member of the Unton remamed unimpaired, RAILROAD SLAUGHTER, in that year, acting upon the theory that the rights of a State under the constitution might be re- nounced, and ber ooligations thrown off at pleasure, ‘Yexas undertook to sever the bond thus formed, and to break up her constitutional relations with the United States. On the ist of February (Paschal’s Digest Laws of Texas, 78) a convention, called with- out authority, bat subsequently sanctioned by the the iittle girl leave her seat and give it to the yout man, who took it. The conductor was remonstrat with, but gromMy answered that it was none of the other passengers’ business and that the girl, being a “hait fare," Was not entitled to a seat when @ pas- senger Who paid fall fare was ob! to stand, The girl was alone, ‘The writer asks, Is half price charged for children that the company may eject them from their seats to make room for grown pas- Breaking of a Train Through a Bridge on the Cincinnati, Louisville and Lexington Railroad—Two Persons Killed and Fifteen Wounded. [From the Cincinnati Enquirer, July 4.) r ter oa 3 saad 2 ; 2 sengers, or 18 it not rather because a child occupies ature larly elected, adopted ; nown from Barepe. Aa ed to tke | for'are: Mary Jones. ‘This, next to Mr. Stewart | OBS cat seat. The natural inference vending room” | rate abd sovereign State,” and “her people and citt- Tan it was clear from the beginning that it practi. | doug. a Immense passenger business. The road From | wich @ Barrow. Pridge. faien ‘eallea, | Hew. Mouse “on Thirty-fourth street, "is proba | {ce oftallway companies to aioe who Tes nota | Zeus” to be “abwolved from all allegiance to the oa to Gar ooouboton with Taxislative acts of | one of the best and mostsubstantally constructed the youses, many of wulch are sull there, Were oc- | bly the largest private residence, and it is re- | geat is entitled to a half fare ride; but a passenger United States, or the government thereof.” It was | ike tendency, must be complete eufranchisement. | In the Western country; and, when intelligence was ordered, by a vote of the convention (Pas. Dig., 80), and by an act of the Legislature (Laws of Texas, payee 11), that this ordinance should be subinit- ted to people for approval or disapproval, on the 23d of February, 1861. Without awaiting, however, the decision tus invoked, the convention, on te 4th of February, adopted a resolution designating seven delegates to represent the State in the convention of seceding States at Montgomery, ‘in order,” as the resolution declared, ‘that the wishes aud tote- rests of the people of Texas may be consulted in re- ference to the constitution and provisional govern- ment that may be established by said convention.” Before the passage Of this resolution the convention had appointed a committee of public safety, and adopted an ordinance giving authority to that com- mittee to take measures for obtaiuing possession of the property of tue United States in Texas, and for removing the national troops from her limits. The members of the committee, and ull oficers and agents appointed or employed by it, were sworn to cy and allegiance to the State. (Paschal’s Di- gest, 80.) Commissioners were at once appointed, with instructions to repair to the headquarters of General Twiggs, then representing the United States in command of the department, and to make the demands necessary Jor the accomplishment of the upied as private residences, and so were aiso the | markable also on account of its peculiar style, ow ou Bowling Green, by Wealthy and prominent | the roof of the matn or corner portion of the house thalnices. The present “barge office” was at tuat | bemg a Mdnsard turret three stories in height, over- time quite ahandsome building, and with tts “signal } loosing the entire neighborhood. On the avenue telegraph” on t0p of the cupola, moving its arms aad adjoining this latter a row of five marbie first continually in response to a similar “telegraph” sta } cl dwellings wy paucyne: os ornate and imposing tion on Staten Island, was often an attractive spot | in style as of Mrs. Joh Jor idlers curious to Know what the rapid see-saw On all the cross streets north of about Fortl the movement of this old-fashioned telegraph really | street to Fulty-ninth street, and from First evenueto meant, The largest mercantile buildings on the | Tenth, there is hardly a block where rows of brown lower Broadway were the bonded warehouses on the | stone and some free stone dwellings are not rapidly corher of New street, Stewart's present wholesale | rising out of the ground. Indeed, it may saiely be honse from Chambers to Keade being then about half | said that there is no one single biock of ground U8 present size and embracing both his wholesale | within the limits named, except those ovcupied for and retail departments. Among the hotels the Astor | depot or other purposes by railway companies or House was already noted, and tie Manston | where there is not ground left for building and House, late the Howard, corner Maiden lane. | some other exceptions noted below, that more or Whe New York flote) was alreaey built, but was con- | less butiding is not done, The same may be said sidered too far np town 10 be a Success. None of the | of Lexington and Madison avenues, where the palatial structures, as the St. Nicholas, Metropolitay pulling. 19ts ae, as rapidly as the build- ‘and the many over extensive caravansaries fot tle | ers Cah Pht “Stone, brick and mortar to- wommodation of the travelling public had as yet | gether, covered with stylish browp stone dwellings, any existence. An unpretentious, though Jarge, | which, in @ majority of cases, are ho sooner finisher Gownic builaing on Broadway, near Canai street, was | than they Und ready takers either as purchasers or the Masonic Mall, in the basement of which the | lessee: few blocks of ground, especially those youth of the city Were wont fo assemble “roiling ten | cailed rock lots, are still distgured by the huts and pins.” All along Broadway, above Canai street, | shanvies of squatiers. But a number of such Wherever the national forces obtained control the slaves became freemen. Support to tie acts of Con- gress andthe prociamation of the President con- cerning slaves, Was made @ condition of amnesty (13. U, 5. st., 737) by President Lincoln, in December, 1863, and by President Johnson in May, 1866 (13 U. 8. st., 758), and emancipation was contirmed, rather than ordained, in the insurgent States, by the amendment to the constitution, prohibiting slavery throughout the United States, which was proposed by reas in February, 1865, and ratified, before the close of the following autumn, by the requisite three-fourths of the States. ‘The new freemen neces- sarily became paft of the peopie, and the people still constituted the State, for States, like udi- viduals, retain their identity, though changed, to some extent, in their constituent elements, and it ‘was the State, thus constituted, which was now ¢n- titled to the benelit of the constitutional guarantee, ‘There being, then, no government in Texas in con- atitutional relations with the Union, it became the duty of the United States to provide for the restora- tion of such government. Sut the restoration of the government which existed pefore the rebellion with- out a new election of officers was obviously tnpos- sible; and before any such election could be properly held it was necessary that the old constituuon who has ridden miles in a city car, suspended by a strap from the roof, like a ham in a grocery. has he or she, the correspondent archly inquires, ever had three cents refunded on leaving the car? received here last night to the effect that @ seriou: accident had taken place, it may well be imagin« that the news was startling. The “first accident” one which every new railroad dreads, and it was very unfortunate that it occurred so soon upom this popular thoroughfare. Twelve miles soutl of Covington, about four o'clock to the afternoon, al what is termed the Seventh Crossing of Bank Lic! creek, is where the accident occurred. The brid across the stream referred to gave way beneath construction train, Seven cara and the tender of the engine were precipitated a distance of twenty~ five feet, and two men were killed and fifteen otra were wounded, The particulars of the disaster arq as follows:—A construction train, of which Mr ‘ Wood Wilson was conductor, consisting of a ice motive and eight platform cars, left Verona abou' three o'clock P.M. to come to Covington. Thre were twenty-two men on it, and one of the cars was partly loaded with railroad iron, Just a8 the tal struck the bridge the engineer felt it sinking umiet him, and, putting on all the steam that he could, ens deavored to get over it before it fel He suc ceeded in reachil the north side just the middie of the structure went dow with crash, Cpe iy the bottom th tender and seven of the eight cars. They were al! A “Dally Reader” desires the attention of the police authorities called to the nuisance in the vici- nity of Irvington, Westchester county, where the liquor stores are kept open every day in the week till three or four o’clock in the morning. The loafers con- regate about these places, and it has happened that forses on the road were frightened by the shouts and noisy clamor of the drunken fellows, ran away and endangered the lives of those in the vehicle. “Datly Reader” wants an increased force of officers stationed there. A Snggestion to the Postmaster. A correspondent suggests the placing of letter drops, which would aamit newspapers, &c., in chemists’, stationers’ and confectionery stores, the owners of which should have the privilege of selling stamps on commission in leu of rent and tage ad about vavticularly above Houston sireet, were private resi- | been lately removed preparatory to building, and } ic odati f the public, Our corre- | purposes of the committee. A muitary force was | should receive such antendments ag would conform | piled up in & heap in the bed of the creek, an Fen , yh Fourteenth street, which Was about Wwe | steps are in contemplation to remove all where the Tor the, accom oe Sinatee at stions as to | Organized in support of these demands, and an ar- | its provisions to the new conditions created by eman- | ten of the men were buried in the roms. ‘The: northern voundary of the Luickly settied part of the | value of the ground and the rents realized justify the } the details of sach plan, but if Postmaster Jones rangement was effected with the commanding gene- | cipation and afford adequate security to the people le from the Lethe Ke flocked in rapidip, City. In this neighborhood, on Broadway and inthe | expense of heavy blastung. ‘These conditions have | shovid heed the above the details will suggest { Tal by which the United States troops were engaged | of the State. In the exercise of the power conferred | to the scene of the catastrophe, and rendered a) th cross streets east and west of it, resided the “upper | not yet been reached on First, Second and Thirde | themselves. to leave the State, and the forts and ail the pubite | by the guarantee clause, as in the exercise of every | aid in thelr power in clearing away the wreck an getting out the wounded. The following is @ com~ plete list of the killed and wounded:— 7 KILLED. Los. Lawson and John Nellinger, generally saile Nolan. ‘The former was & married man and had bee! residing for some time in South Covington. He war a Swede, Nellinger was a resident of Cincianati, and a German, property not necessary to the removal of the troops were surrendered to the commissioners, (Texan Reports of the Committee, Lib. of Con., p. 45.) ‘These transactions Look place between the 24 and 18th of February, aud it was under these circumstances that the vote upon the ratification or rejection of the or- dinance OF secession Was taken on the 23d of Febru. ary. It was ratified by a majority of the voters of the bate. ‘The convention, which had adjourned before the vote was taken, reassembled on the zd day of March, and instructed the delegates, already sent to the Congress of the seceding States, to apply for admis sion mto the confederation, and to give the ad- hesion of Texas to its provisional constitution. lt proceeded also to make the changes tn the State constifution which this adnesion made necessary. ‘The words “United States” were stricken out where other constitutional power, a discretion in the choice of means 8 necessarily allowed. It is essential only that the means must be necessary aud proper for carrying into execation the power conferred, through the restoration of the State to its constitt tional relations under a republican form of govern: ment, aud that no acts be done and no authority exerted which is either prohibited or unsanctioned by the constitution. Itis not important to review at length the mea- sures which have been taken under this power by the executive and legislative departments of the na- uonal government. it 18 yore. however, to ob- serve that almost immediately after the cessation of organized hostilities, and wile the war yet smoul- dered in Texas, the President of the United States issued his proclamation appointing f provisional Governor for the State and providing forathe agsem- ten” of the New York of that day. Here were the | averiues, and tne squatters on the rocky Dilis in thesa houses of the Astore; here Grace church was vuilt; | neighborhoods may thank this circumstance for # here (he Astor Piace Opera House was for the ume a | prolongation of their privileges. marvel of architectural beauty; here the old Knick- Third avenue presents undoubtedly the greatest erbockers lived and died, and here the grandfathers | metamorphosis of any, considering the short space of New York saw the tide pass them and | of time within which it was wrought. [tis espe- compel them to move northward also, | ciaily north of Thirty-fourth street that this change North of Union square the population was more scat- | is most remarkable and evident. Only a few tered and residences were notso close to each other, | years ago block after block lay vacant and past Madison square houses were few and far] and idie where now substantial brick houses between. ‘The writer recoliects to have stood on the | furnish comfortable homes to thousands. But furcher ramparts of the Croton reservoir on Fortieth street | up, beginning with Fitty-second street, the increase ard Fiftn avenue in 1843, exactly one year after it | in buliding bears @ still more wonderful proportion had been opened for use, and all sround no regularly } to other avenues. Where jast year there had becn built up street could be seen, but farms and gardens, | but a few houses, the entire block from street to clusters of trees and barren waste, with “Blooming. | street is now built up. So on the west side of the dale road” as a favorite place for the excursion of | avenue, between Filty-fourth and Fifty-tifth, from “Mose,” with his “Lize,’? the b’noy element of the } Firty-fifth to Fifty-sixth and again to Fifty-seventh The Hansom Cab Fares. “B.” does not like the proposed table of fares, as established by the Hansom Cab Company, charging a@given rate per mile. How is a stranger to know he has been carried a mile? he asks; is there not tn this an opportunity for the drivers to impose on strangers and those ignorant of the distances? He would have a fixed sum charged for passengers de- livered below Canal street, another for those below Houston, #0 much for those Kelow Kighth street, &c, But what about distances across town! WOUNDED, Patrick Callahan, brakeman, badly. Residence, Covington. Frank Morgan (boy), South Cor badly. Bev vere cut over eye, and skull probably fractured. * Jacov Free, Sonth Covington, arm broken. Hugh Roddy, Cincinnati, leg and bead badly bruised. : 4 James Clavin, De Courcey, Ky., back hurt. No@ langerous. Dugan, south Covington, brakeman, bruce’ Complaint Againgt the New Jersey Rail rond Company. 8. —residing at Newark took A gentieman— city in that day. and Fifty-eight streets, and on the east side from they occurred, and the words “Confederate States” | bling of a convention, with a view to the re-estab- . if one, aboul, a8 was Said, twenty years ago, took | Fifty-sixth to Fifty-seventh street, From Fifty-nintn the train for this city at eight o'clock A. M. one day | substituted; and the members of the Legislature, and | lishment of @ repubdlican government under an } all over, but not dangerously injured. a sircll to the northWard, on either ihe east of west | street to Sixty-fiftt, around the Third Avenue Katl- | last week, with bis family, to meet the steamer | aii officers of the State, were required by the ne) amended constitution, and to the restoration of the Frank Hess, Cov: leg severely bruised. side of the town, the same fact could be observed as } road depot, the avenue has nearly all been built up | Neyersink, for Long Branch. He arrived at Jersey constitution to take an oath of fidelity to the consti- | State to her proper constitutional relations, A con- Patrick Kane, Cincinnatt, water boy, alightiy. i in the central part of the cily, A iew blocks around | on each aide siuce last year, and on the biock oppo- | ~ y ores arava fauon and laws ofthe new confederacy. Refore, iu- | vention was accordingly assembled, the constitation | Michael Fitzpatrick, Covington, leg broken and St. Murk’s place, Stuyvesant place and Astor place | site the depot building, which, but last year was a | City in due time, and believing bis bag to go on | deed, these chat ages in the constitution had been | amended, elections held, and a State government, | badly mjured otherwise, were built up with bandsome and, im some | huge nuisance on account of the many horses which the same ferryboat with the passengers, be and his | completed, the ofticers of ue State had been required | acknowledging its obligations to the Union, estib- ‘Samuel Walker, Zanesville, Ohio, dangerously. folated instances, even for that period, | the ratiroad company kept there to air themselves, | family came across, but their baggage had not come | to appear before the committee and take an oath of | lished. Whether the action then taken was in all Harvey Daiton, Loutaville, dangerously. siviish) houses. Further eastward the suvall | stanas now a splendid row of brick stores with dwel- | OVer. They waited, and it was nov until the fourth | allegiance to the Confederate States. e Gover- | respects warranted by the constitution it is not now Jacob Bon (Swede), seriously. traders, mechanics and the emigrant popu- | lings overhead rented out in floors. ferryboat had crossed thatour correspondent’s trunks | nor and Secretary of State, refusing to com- | necessary to determine, Tue power exercised by Gustav Son (Swede), slightly. \ lation | took almost uncontested possession; ‘Seventy-firat street and Third avenue is also being | Wade their appearance. By this ume the Neversink | ply, were summarily ejected from omic the President was supposed, doubtiess, to be Joseph Metaner, South Covington, slightly, duc hey udvanced to the northward with but slow | bullt up, and between that point and Hightieth | WAS near Staten Island. The gentioman bad lost a Rite members or the Legislature, which tad aisoad- | derived from his constitutional functions as William Powers, Up Abs ae foot mashed. paces. “The Want of cheap aud rapid commmunteation | street, where last year both sides of the avenue | Whole day, himself and family were subjected to aD- | journed and reassembled on the 14th of March, were Commander-in-Chief, and so long as the war When the news of the accident reached Covingtom noyance and expense, and all on account of the re- | ore compliant. They took the oath and proceeded | continued it belween Loe rewidence and the business place of | were, to a large extent, vacant laud only, whoie jot be denied that he might a train was sent out with Drs, Kearns and ge a the ewployer as Well a8 of the employed was then | blocks of tenements have lately been erected. ‘The | Missness ‘of the railroad oificiais in Jersey City of | on the sth of April to. provide by law for tue choice | institute temporary government within insurgent | board. They reached the wreck at nine P. severely felt, Not even the city ratiroads, these | same is the case in the side streets extending trom sending the baggage aiong with the passengers. A | of electors of President and Vice President of the Con- | districts, occupied by the national force, or take had all the wounded placed in a car and —— to slow coaches’ nowadays, were then kKaown. And | First lo Lexington avenue, only that here the new remedy in (his respect is certainly needed, federate States, The representatives of the State in | measures in any State for the restoration of State Covington, where they were transferred to the Sty itis IN ogveat measure wo this very want that che | buildings are either prick or brown stone structures, — the Congress of the United States were withdrawn, | government faithful to the Union, employing, how. | Elizabeth Hospital. Jntroduclion of our wretehed tenement house sys- | destined for occupauon by families of more liberal |} Hacks and Hack RunnersCompiaints of @ | 40d, a8 soon As the seceded States became organized, | ever, in such efforts, only such means aad agents as THE BRIDGE tern iiay be aeribed. Im order not to lose #o much | incomes. ‘Travel tinder a constitution, Texas sent senators and repre: | were authorized by consutntional Jaws. Sut the | was, as we have already sald, @ crossing of Ban! time in going to work and returning from it they Going out to Harlem one is also strock by the im- ‘ “a sentatives to the Confederate In all re | power to carry into effect the clause of guarantee ts | Lick creek, and twelve miles from this city. 1% wi preferred to select apartmenté in large buildings | mense number of new buildings erected within a A traveller ‘signing himself “Santa Claus” writes | gpects, ag far as the object could be accomplished by | primarily a jegisiative power, and resides tu Con- },a little more than Axi ee in length, and nearly Wluch speculative capitalista erected for them in the | year, and others stil in Course of building. Novoniy } us of the “riotous pressure and rough intrusion upon | ordinances of the Convention, by acts of the Legis- | gress, “Under the fourth article of the constitution twenty-five fect high. It was built by the Louisviln lower part of the town, and, while the number of | on Second and Third avenues, but in nearly all the | trayeliers by hackmen at the ferric " fature and by votes of the citizens, the relations of | itreats with Congress to decide what government is | Bridge Company, and was constructed of iron tui ‘encment houses rapidly increased from year co year, | cross streets from 100th to 130th street, This p ferries and other places | fuyag to the Union were broken up, and new rela- | the established one ina State. For, a& the United | and wood, | It Is built on @ curve of the creek, ani t » iostiy erected below the limit of Pour: | activity in the improvement of that portion of the | in New York on the arrival of steamers and trains.” | tions to @ new government were established for | States guarantee to each State @ republican govern- | owing to this fact ex inary precaution wi 1. auld thie extension of the built ap and | city i said to be marly due to the prospect of a | He speaks especially of (his nuisance on the arrival | them. The position thus assumed could only bo | ment, Congress must necessaril decide what gov- | taken in its construction. Several theortes as to th r istriets of the city northward proceeded | speedy clearing out of Hell Gate channel, which, is ) of trams at the Jersey City depot, a be maintained by arma, and Texas accordingly took | ernment is established in the State before it can de- | manner tn which the accident occurred are given, at Liat thine very slowly. is expected, will greatly enhance all real estate | ferrynouse, across the river On the boat pe) tn part, with the other Confederate States, in the war } termine whether it is republican or not.” itis stated by some that the eter renees the track; A GLANCE AT THE NEW YORK OF TO-DAY. values in that whole neighborhood, and, owing to | the iniddie of West street, the conduct of about Afty | Of the rebellion, which these events made inevitable. ‘This is the langnage of the late Chief Justice, Lge 3 the Ste with it, ia, however, ans What twenty years have wrought in this external | the ease in the foreign wraMo and the expansion | coach runners and hackmen was outrageous, in- | Daring the whole of that war there was no governor | 8} ing for this court, ina case from Rhode Island | not for the conductor of the trath says that bi view of ourcily is traly astonishing. as already | of manufacturing and railroad toteresis, will draw | suiting any one who resented their im punities. | or j or any other State OMcer in Texas who ther vs, Borden, 7 How, 42), arising from the | noticed the bridge was sinking as soon 98 the Wraim | remarked, no cily In the Whiverse can compare with | thither @ very large Increase 1 population. He hopes that the railway company wink pronthit | recognized the national authority, Nor was any | organization of opposing governments in that Stave. | struok it, and this is algo a curious fact, for the sar ii. Now, che bulk of our popuission resides north of Having thos given a rapid glance over the subject | them hereafter from entering the ferryhouses, and | OMcer of the United states perm ited to exercise | And we think that the principle sanctioned by tt | train with twice as heavy @ load had crossed over 11 ine central point of the city twenty years ago, Let | ander consideration, it may, With truth, be said that | suggests that either the railway or express com- | any authority whatever ‘under the national govern- } may be applied, with even more propriety, to the | early in the morning. Owing to the accident ne ae eee hig. interests himself in thie mutter of tue | at uo other period has so Nuch been done as during | panes should take the tater of the transportation | Ment within the Itmits of the Stare, except under Lhe | caro of a state deprived af all righitil government of the afternoon trains were transferred, wih or New York take aride through each of | the Jast two seasons by the individual enterprise of immediate protection of the national military force. | vy revovutionary violence, though necessarily limited now of passengers to hotem, Ac, under thes OWD # Rriose ming East being detained abons three tie avouues ty UG LOPMUSTD Ch Ob Maneuver, 1 We ClZeRe FOF WYe aSpomndalign of Wade, the | mapoeement, Did Lesas, we conseovance of Wage acts, cease to | io cases Where the FWBUMUl MOVErHUACMY Se thus | apd those going West mprp hap Aye koure,