The New York Herald Newspaper, May 9, 1869, Page 3

OCEAN CHAINED 10 OCEAN, America Does What Others Vainly Tried. FOUR HUNDRED YEARS’ TRIALS ENDED. The Trade of China and India | Secured. The Pacific Railroad Completed. How Travel Is to Be Con- dueted. ‘The world progresses. There has been no let up tm the advance stride of humanity, speaking both geographically and politically. It i not necessary to refer to the political advances the world has made, Any one who knows anything of the history of mankind, Knows that since the days of patriarchal government, of feudal government, man has won in the appreciation of his individual capacity and worth. All this is well known and need not be re- capitulated. In regard to geography the advance was as great and marked. But if we attempt tw review our geographical knowledge of the present day, and compare it with what it was centuries ago, we must contess, that tife material Interests of trading nations did more towards devel- Opivg the hidden resources of an unknown world than ail the purely scientific studies of those who spent their lives in rammaging over maps and books and in drawing and writing them for the edification of their like, Take Vasco da Gama, for instance. What was it that inspired him to seek a short route to India? Nothing but the prospect of commercial gain. The manufactures of India and the raw material of the Indian and Chinese products were so very costly in Europe, and their cost was so much increased by the expensive transportation overland that a cheaper way, though it may be round about the world, waa sought, for purely commercial reasons and pur- poses. Vasca da Gama was the fortunate man who found the cape that points off the southern coast of Africa, and by whom it was named the Cape of Good Hope, indicating that the turning of this Cape would realize whatever of good hope the navigator may have of the ultimate venture of his journey. What else did Columbus seek but a shorter route to India than that discovered by Vasco da Gama? He foresaw, vrophetically perhaps, that to go west Was a better way to reach the Indies than to go south and then “turn the cape” and run back to tie east. By making his experiment he discovered this continent, and for it his name will forever live in | history. Yet, what impelled him to seek this w ern course to the Indies was only the desire to find a shorter route for commerce and to lessen the cost of Asiatic merchanatse to the European consum What did Balboa want when, with the the expense of ed lives and suffering almost untold, hardships and privations, he ascened,the Andes and ex- claimed his prayers to the Almighty, on beholding the Bay of Panama and the mighty expanse of the Pacific Ocean. It was, to speak in modern janguage, acommercial venture. It was again what unpelied Vasco da Gama and Columbus to seek a shorter route to India. Ail the subsequent voyages of cel brated occan travellers, of Magellan and Cook, were prompted by commercial interests, and even ‘me searcn for the northwest passage was nothing else but an attempt to obtain a shorter ovean route to the Indies, so that the Eastern trade may be se- cured to the nation that discovered it. ‘Then came other experiments, The mechanical science of the world had increased. it was known how to sever continents, how to connect oceans. Great ship canals were projected. The first Napoleon made the first large attempt in this direction, and the Grand Canal,,connecting the Atlantic with the Mediterranean, Was commenced and completed un- der his auspices. While yet a general, he projected the giganuc work, finally undertaken under the reign of his nephew, the tnird Napoleon, the cut- he through of the Isthmus of Suez. And why? Only to gain a shorter passage to the Asiutic bee- hives of trade. Englishmen have long thought of cutuing through a canal at what is cailed the Isth- mus of Darien, in Central America. Many surveying expeditions had been sent out; many millions of sterling were spent, many lives lost, and ail for the Pa! to head off the French scheme of providing for the trading community a shorter way to India. ‘The , English went even further. Enterprising, as they always are when commercial interests are pro- posed to be assisted, they sent their engineers into ‘the pampas in South America to survey the dreary ure of wild cattle for a railroad “across the continent.” But the almost insurmountable ranges of the Andes presented such obstacles that the Bagisamen gave up the project in despa: hile yet a prisoner at Ham the present French Emperor prepared, and he published afterwards, when in London, a treatise, entiuied “Ides Napoleon- tennes,” in which, with great sagacity, he ex- jammed the importance of a through passage by the Vest to China and India. With remarkable accuracy he described the topographical condition of Nicara- gua, and how, by using the river San Juan, the lakes Of Nicaragua and Managua and the bay of Fonseca, @ ship canal could be built. His idea was taken up by others, Americans as well as English, but no re- suit was ever achieved. The Panama Railroad was built, in aid of our own trading community, to sus- tain the commercial connection of the Atiantic States with our Pacific possessions. This was a suc- cess; yet but a partial one, as it did not give @ Route to the Asiatic trade. The Tehuautepee road in Mexico was projected and partiy sur- veyed from Minatitian, on the Coatzacoulcos river, to La Vnetosa Bay, but nothing rurther than a ‘wagon road was ever butit. On this, as on the Nica- Tagua route, the mail was carried for a ti et for the great route to India it was never available and, perhaps. never will be. George E. Squire was for = at work on his projected railway througt: ucatan and Honduras, but as yet not the first jeful of ground has been dug. "And behind all different enterprises lay the thought, that, if 1,a new and shorter route might have been won for the trading nations of the earth to reach the astern wr the parpose of barter. ‘They have all failed in a greater or less degree. Even that which has so far paid best and yielded the Jargest revenue, the Panaina Railroad, is not whatt should be; it is not a new road to the Indian and Chi- nese commerce. ‘The French have so far done very well on the Isthmus of Suez; they have dug aud dug and made a way for their pleasure steamers Lo pass; but for the general commerce of the world they have not, #0 far, at least, done much. Russia is endeavoring, in the same direction, to throw out its railroad connections to Central and Southern Asia. ‘This is partly suggested by military reasons, but yet the commercial benefits to be de- rived by a close connection of Western Kurope with India were as much if not more powerful aids in the enterprise. ‘land, always alert to her interest, has also ent and is now pushing for- ward to completion a railroad through Asiatic Tur- key and Persia, 80 that Europe may in a short tine have three routes to India—the French through the isthmus of Suez, the Russian through Siberia and Tartary, and the English through Turkey and Persia, WHAT AMERICA HAS DONE. Rut the Americans have outstripped them all. While other nations were planning and pro- fecting the American people were udying with advan the topography of their own country, And at last they have accomplished what ‘no other nation has done before them— what they but partially attempted in building the Panama Ratlroad—they have opened a road to the “Indies,” shorter, cheaper and more expeditions, that has yet been offered to man oF ea view of than any pam a trading Europe. But let us what been done in this respect hi country. A certain book about to be published contains a Jong chapter on this matter, and with ail its lengli and vediousness of claboration, it fails to give tN Hour own | true aspect of the case. It not necessary nor at ail useful to go back into the last century and to dig up explorations, These are mere ideas, prophetic Perhaps, but not based on any feng But one of our statesuien, the man to whom the untry 8 probably most indebted for the present re sults, had a very practical view of this matter, bow exactly filty years ago. The man we refer to was Thomas Hart Benton, for thirty years a Sena for of the United States from the State of Mixsourt, In the year i8i9 Benton was the editor of the St, Lows (Mo.) Jugeirer, and in that journal he wrote a series of articles in which, partly from personal in- wpection, partly from knowlerge acquired from “trappers” and Indian traders in the then Mesican Atate of California, beyond the Rocky Mountains, he rcnety Sivoomiea the building of a wagon road om St. Louls to the Bay of San Franoiacu, to end palin ag Sa hg Mg F seme or San Lt Pastern trade with the full knowledge oF its history, and earnestly impressed upon the people the fact that by icilitating the transit across the Continent of the trade of the Kast the wealth of the country would be immeasurably tncreased. At that time ratiroads were not known. Stephenson had not yet put the steam engine on wheels. Still the grasping mind of a Benton fore- enw the benefits to result to the nation from a close communication with the Paciti was to his own intellect, and he sq ith all the vigor and power of his pen. Fp when two years later he entered the Se: ble as it it | yet to spring into life, and where the — NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1869.-TRIPLE SHEET. Seaton’s Debates of Congress, in the Globe and in the “Thirty Years? of Benton himself, many remarks and even speeches are found, made long prior to the troduction the opening of the o0 west of the M and uri to the Rocky Mountains at pone? with a view: of securing a passage Pacific. e reg n prove no barrier to the from the Auantic to the Pacific, ‘The first actual survey of a road across the Conti- nent was le by Benton’s son-in-law, John C. Fre- mont, accompanied by a German na} Kern. ‘The Mexican war interrupted the first trip of exploration, and al! know the troubies between moni and Kearny, which sprang out of it in conse- uence, But again and again, inspired by the en- thusiasm of Benton, John C. Fremont ventured out and it was to his discoveries, if what he found ai described hens ent called by that name, that Benton gave heed, when he proposed in she Senate a railroad Trom St, Louis to San cisco through the Chica- topee P: in the Rocky Mountains, and that on the Huerfano Butte should be erected @ colossal statue of Washington, overlooking both sides of the Conti- nent, Congress was thus agitated upon the subject that at last appropriations were to, prov! for surveys lor @ railroad to the Pacific, Under these appropriations a number of surveys were made for four routes, the northern, the central, the middle route and the southern route. The first through Minnesota and the district of country now comprised in the Territories of Dacotah and Mon- tana, through Washington and Oregon; the Central by the line proposed by Benton; the middle route by way of the South Pass, and the southern road was penjocnea woes. Texas, the Gila Valley and Vulker’s Pass, ‘These surveys were thorough. The physical geography of the world received most uable additions. What nad, theretofore, been un- known territory between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada was exactly described. The Wahsatch and Humboldt mountains were located; the several passes and caions, availabie for railroad purposes, were carefully surveyed and explored and described, and thus the knowledge of the country, of the topography of this heretofore unknown re- gion was enriched, These reports are now esteemed among the most valuable works ever published by Congress at the expense of the nation. ‘The agitation for a railroad took positive shape when the result of these surveys became even par- tiaily known. In 1856 all the three political paruies— the democrats, at Cincinnatt, the republicans at Philadelphia and the “Americans’’—had a “plank”? in their several ‘‘platforms” more or less explicitiy pledging their co-operation and approval to the uilding of a Pacific railroad. Yet other, ana for the time, more unportant questions engrossed the public mindy and only m 1861, when the States rights men and the “strict constructionists” of the Jeffersonian democratic school were left in a hope- less minority in Congress by the secession of the Southern Senators and Representatives, then only a biil was passed, taking the shape of an act of incor- ration, for the buuding of a railroad through the territories, from the Missouri to the Sierra Nevada. Under this act nothing of any ac- count was done. ‘There were no means provided, and the capitalists of the country were chary of in- vesting in the enterprise, the war encompassing all the energies and means of the people. Another appeal was made to Congress by the corporators and their triends, and in 1562 a second act Was pas- sed, spanning, from $32,000 to $48,000 per mile, in United States bonds, taking a second mortgage and confirming the uumense land grant theretofore made. Since then operations on the road have rapidiy progressed, and now we have it completed. What the whole world has been striving after for the last 400 years America has furnished it within the short space of seven—an availavie and expeai- tious route to the “Indies,” across the American continent, securing to us, without doubt, the lon’s share of the Asiatic commerce. This was no small undertaking, as will appear from the following table of stations, distances and elevations :— Distance, San Francisco. 27—Vallejo’s Mills... Elevation, W.P.LR.R. Tide . 421 Stations. Vadswortn (Big Lend Truckee) —Humboldt Lake. ‘04 oreana ; 418—Mill City. 250 448—Winneniues 2 be 4,550 5,220 5,650 4,290 $19-—-Promontory City... 4943 871—Ogden City (Salt Lake City Branch), U 1,399—Cheyenne. . ‘34—Fort Kearny, 1,924—Omanha... oS +. 968 ‘The letters in the above table are to be understood as meaning (W, %. R.) Western Pacific Railroad , running from San Francisco to Sacramento; (C. P. R. R.) Central Pacitic Railroad, organized under the laws of the State of California, to build a line from Sacramento east to the State line, and afterwards re nzed and subsidized by Congress, to extend its line east to connect its road with that of the Union Paciiic Railroad (U. P. R. R.) building from Omaha to the west. The road has now been built. ‘To-morrow the connection will have been made and after that through travel trom New York to San Francisco may be considered open, overland, by continuous line of railway. That this was no easy work may be imagined. Asa ore item of expendi- ture and as indicating the rest of the cost, it may be mentioned, that the expense of blasting powder uyed for the first 140 miles east of Sacramento was not less than $900,000. Portions ofthe line have cost as high as $300,000 per mile, and the average cost per mile of the mountain section was about $100,000. HOW TRAVEL IS TO BE CONDUCTED. In expectaaion of the junction of the two roads, the Central and the Union Pacific, both compauies have made ample preparations to accommodate trade and the travelling pablic. The first thing upon which they had to agree was, of course, the rate of P fe from ocean to ocean. ‘The respective officers of the companies were in consultation yes- verday, and they came toa temporary undersiands Ing that the fare from New York to San Francisco jor emigrant and second Class passengers should be $75, and for first class passengers $175. In regard to the charge lor through freight notuing definite has yet been arranged, but a tariff will deter- tained on in @ few days. It isexpected tnat the trip from shore to shore can be made in between six and seven days. For the present the time of running will be rather slower, as the track is new and wanis ballasting aud “surfacing.” Alter that, when irom running trains the proper firmness is gained, the time will be somewhat inside of six day. So that a person leaving New York on Monday morning may spend his next Sunday in sight of the Guiden Gate of the Pacific. The Union Com a8 well as the Central, have each over 2,000 freight cars in readi- ness to Pee yd whatever of merchandise may offer, and while the first has over 150 locomotives, the latter counts 190, all in good working erder. They were all made in the Eastern States, exceping two, which were constructed at San Francisco, ‘fne Central burns wood only in their engines. The Union was fortunate enough to find heavy and ex- tensive coal beds on the government lands donated along the line, suMcient to yield them fuel for centuries to come, and they had,their locomotives constructed to burn coal and they mine the material themselves, On passenger trains everything will be provided that the wants of man may suggest. Lapeing cars, drawing room cars for ladies, saloon cars for gen- tlemen, restaurant cars, with kitchens on wheels, in jact, everything that a first ciass hotel in a city can offer, will there be found in the comparatively small limit of a railway train. And it has been sug- gested—and the suggestion is not @ bad one—that to each train there should be added # printing var, where, every morning and evening, the news from the East and West may be gathered at the telegraph stations, put in type and printed in sheets, so that the travelling passengers, during the several days on the route, may have the regalar morning and evening paper as well as their meais No natne has yet been fixed upon for the place where the two roads connect. Union City, Janction Ory and other names have been proposed; but none of them is as yet approved, though it is probable that before many days the name of the “great city” ase and West will shake their tron hands and exenange grecting, willbe finally devermined, Celebrations in San Fraucisco and Sneras mento—The Comple of the Work Intere rupted by Heavy Rains, SAN FRancisvo, May 7, 1869. Despaiches from Promontory state that the Union Pacific Company ave unable to complete their road before Monday, the 10th. ‘The delay caused great disappoinement here and in Sacramento, every pre- paration being completed to celebrate the event w- morrow ina better manner, Heavy rain storms have interfered with the work, ing es jeravle damage to the track and bridges iv the neighborhood of Echo City aud Ogden. The celebration takes p at Sacramento and San Francisco to-morrow (: r= day), although the ceremony of joining the two roads 18 postponed with Mowiay noon, Rejaicings in Philadelphin. PRILADBLPHIA, May 8, 1860, Ald meeting of the Commercial Exchange, held here to-day, Mr, J. MH. Michener, President, called attention to the completion of the Pacific Railroad. ‘The following resolution was unanimously adopt. J, That the President telegraph to the Merebante’ pee onal eetecare) asin cate woe Commercial Exe! ove Merchants’ Eachange of San" Mrancund hip from the fron arm thie day com. pleted from the Atlantic to the Pacttic, phere are now i Nites’ Register, in Gale and Viage were displaved to-day on all public and many private buildings in honor of the completion of the road. The Celebration in Springfleld, Mass. SPRINGFIELD, May 8, 1869, ‘The entire force of workmen of Mason’s car man- ufactory, in this city, united this afternoon in the celebration of the opening of the Union Pacific Rail- road. They formed a procession, headed by the armory band, and accompanied by the Union bat- tery, and marched from the shops of the company through the principal streets of the city, each man bearing some tool or implement of his trade, Ban- ners bearing ‘Our cars unite the Atlantic and Pa- cific.” “Four hundred car builders celebrate the Qj of the Pactlic Railroad,” “For connecting with ferry to China,” &c., were conspicuous in the procession, Mason’s Ce ee are now building fifty-two pas- senger cars and a large number of freight cars for the Pacific Railroad, The Orst through train for Sacramento left Springfield several days since, PARIS FASHIONS. The Weather ond Its Effecte—Fashionable Ree ceptions and Evening Toilete—Spring Fash- jons—The Empress’ Trip to Egypt—Ivy and Rains. PARIS, April 20, 1869, The balmy whiffs of spring, sweet, earthy smell of violets and fragrant ringing of byacinth bells only lasted four days, one of which for the races, and since then we have had nothing but March blasts and hail showers. The summer had leaped over spring in a frisky mood, but just as friskily turned back agai. Those who unsuspectingly threw off their velvet casaques, fur boas and quilted rotondes are now in the hands of Doctor Gargle, very irate at any mention of spring rush-green foulard, or iris blue and buttercup crépe de chine, They are courting their warming pans instead of cotillon carabers, their throats are bound up with fannel and as stiff as if under a military collar, and cold cream has invaded faces on which agues, paint and dyes created those peculiar lilies and roses which rise under the touch of nare’s paw and the puff. If the sufferer, confined to her bed, thinks of the new open bodice and outstanding, fan-like cherusque (ruff) she sneezes; if she diverts her thoughts violently to the other new object—the diadem of rosebuds called a hat—she feels a pain in her ears, or her teeth chatter, or she coughs; if, by way of being strong-minded, she resoives to medi- tate on all the hot, warm accommodations which form a pannier, she clutches hold of a downy blanket and brings it up over every part not the pannier region, and the bags of bonbons with which her couch was strewn roll down in cascades. The maid fortunately enters with a steam- mg cup of hme blossom and orange flower tea. It is an odoriferous beverage, producing moisture of the skin, and when sweetened with a proper proportion of mulberry juice 1s sure to remove that pricking in the throat which would be quite punishment sufficient for imprudence if only in the tongue, After the resetting of bedclothes, closing of curtains and heaping of bonbon bags on aside table, the maid retires on tiptoe and the invalid, much soothed for at least ten minutes, pushes her crmped hair unceremoniously under her cap and tries to think of death. What if all*Father Felix preached about at the Cathedral were true or to come true? What if this cold were to turn into bronchitis and bronchitis mto an angina and she were to be buried in twenty-four hours tp prevent contagion Sudden tremor and dread increase the effect of the tea, a fearful perspiration makes her ail the more nervous, the fibs she has told, the slander propagated, the bills run up, the love notes torn, the locks of hair given—ah! and she wrenches the bel! pull close at hand; Doctor Gargle must attend instantly, madame is dying. Of course the doctor likes such patients and comes as often as he is sent for, changes the tea, recom- mending boted violets sweetened with gum syrup, @ hot bottie to madame’s feet, then retires. The Laun prescription is made up tn haste at the chemist’s—it is a fruit paste with a bard name, In the evening doctor looks in for the third time and finds mnonsieur, who ts very much attached to his wife and has brought her home more bonbons, a lace fan and other envied trifies. Madame’s terrible sufferings and the ‘crisis’ she has passed through are talked over, the physician receives Dis fees, aud when he has departed madame availa herself of the occasion to get up an affecting scene, during which millinery trimmings and the “couturier” or man- tailor are confessed, Monsieur, who 18 awfully afraid of hysterics ana another “crisis,” promises to pay, So that, what with this assurance and madame's tear of death, the pores of the skin are opened, and thus a cold euds 1m high iife. The prudent, who believe in thew grandmothers and do not trust in atmospheric changes, have en- Joyed themselves in the heavy bed-curtain hangings which resume the type of the present day. they have not thrown off their satin tunics and panniers for orgaudi aud muslin, but combined ove with the other at the three great receptions of the past week. ‘The first in point of date was the Chinese ball given by Mr. and Mrs. Burlingame at the Embassy; their second and last will take piace to-morrow, Ue 2ist instant. The salons of the Chinese ministers are not large, but the three floors of the house they imubabit in the Champs Elysées were thrown open to guests. On the first hoor were music and dancing. It was decorated most artistically with flowers in baskets suspended from the ceiling, or with wreaths and garlands of trailing plants, while camelias, ferns and palm trees formed shady groves, Promenade and conversation were carried on above this floor, from which rose strains of music. The Chinese ministers remained in the up- per apartments at the commencement of the soiree, but they soon mingled with their guests, several of them Laer 3 English and French very well. The Orst minister preserved his celesttai reserve and dig- nity the whole evening. They wore yellow dresses of flowered material, over which blue silk tunics, biack satin caps, on which balls of silk of diferent colors to indicate thelr buttons of honor. ‘The ex: King of Spain, Mra. Milnor Gibson, Gustave Dore, Arscene Houssaye, Bierstadt and other well known celebrities were among the guests. This party is cer- tainly one of the most geniai and home-like, notwith- standing the splendid and oficial preparations made, which has been given this season. Mr. and Mrs. Burlingame receive.| the guests at the door of their salons, and their affable manner cast mtimacy into the reception from the very beginning. A few of the toilets are the following:—A lady with @ tea rose complexion wore a blue silk covered with tuile, spangied with silver; in her hair, Malmaison roses. She was quite silver-blue, like the azure of the bast, and reminded me of an Asiatic cloud. Another beauty of a different style, with ardent chestnut hair, bine eyes, full ips, a muniature foot and hand, was attired tn emerald green, with Alen- Gon panmer and flounced train. It seemed like fairyland when the perfume of the exotics reached the observer hidden in # dark cor- ner, and he could watch unseen the silky, glossy veivety belles undulating tn the happy throng, while Chinese went to and fro ana rare | trod on the thin: soles of their shoes. The tea-caddy sensation that ever creeps over a European in tront of @ Chinaman ‘Was at (lus ball replaced by ivory and sandal wood re- minisceuces—a penetrating consciousness that their pation was the origin of all civilization and lovers ot fine » ‘The French are all much obliged to Mr. Buri for introducing them here under their true and favorable light, while the Parisiennes are making great preparations for the bal! of to-morrow. ‘The other {vie was the Empress’ Monday. At her first she Wore # straw-colored robe, with variegated pansice—a flower she is very partial to; at her second a white satin dress, and roses all round the lower ae of the robe; they were thrown on as if cut aud jung Where they were to cling. The chiguon did not jut out behind nor bubble up, but the fair hair was Plaited in lustrous tresses and feli somewhat low on the neck. A sober effect had evidently been tn- tended—a bold timidity at trying something novel. It would be fastidious to repeat all the dresses here seen to advantage, They are ever the same lung, rich trains, over puff and lace, ruched to death, and at the end of the season we may expect nothing new in bail dress. All the novelties are at the Bois for coming watering places and summer days (when they do come). ‘The last display at the drive was Madame de Met- ternich’s turnous. Her footmen wore her colors— yellow and biack—and even the horses had at their ears under rosettes of black silk, waving branches of = acacia. This was to honor Chevalier Spring. me, de Canis’ went round the lake ui @ biack silk robe with train raised by leather straps and oxydized Duekles, Her round Versaities hut was trimmed with # green feather, It fell from the front down be- hind over piaited hair. Blue taffeta, shot with black and a Marly casaque. jouked like beetle wings on Comtesse de Brantes. A pale bride drove in an open caléche, She was In cigar poplin and h rose 11 her hand. Her head- «dires# Was the fami ‘apulet—a lace scarf or shaw! attached to the rose; it crosses on the bosom, forms a th vers the pannier behind. ‘The Comtesse de ellane is always seen at the Bois in one of them. ‘The elder blossom diadem is liked on fanchons and hats, because it is light and dignified, A white lace capuiet is often worn with claret or Dacarat bow. Cascades of light curls, 80 beautiful of an evening, are laid aside for thick coll and cable at the «rive. As & genera! ralo underskirts with costumes this coming stitmer will be much richer than the over: skirt. A shade called “feu is in great demand. Vouble-breasted bodices and jerking called “habits” are (he fastest novelties. It is, indeed, high time ‘nat the Queen of Fashion should turn toward the Moly band. Eugenie will soon leave tor Jerusalem. ‘the Ewperor has marked out her itinerary himsell. She is to go from Egypt to Beyrout, from Keyrout uplaud to Lebanon and the borders of the sea, with halts at Sour, St. Jean d’Acre, Jaffa, Mount Carme! and Nazareth. After this we shail have ali the bridal trips bound for Jernsaiem, and the firatborn of all the brides will be litte Tanereds and Godfreys; the girls will all be Saidas and Ptolemaias, In the same order of ideas, though [ do not know why, | hear that Mme, Walewaka, widow of the Prest- dent of the Assembice, is writing a book called the “Book of Widows.”’ It is evident the want of a book for them was felt. But to return to court. Princes® ing tho absctice of Prince Napoleons wia'ls te coast ie al ol ‘Who is to coast along the Adriatic, avd the Mippercr hopes to leave fon Caalcun an soon a8 the Corps Legislatif is dis- Vv ed. His Majesty enters his sixty-second year day, ‘he 20th of April. Itis the aac stipulated chefs de bureau to retire from E None, rellwage and ministries, ‘They @ pension ab pe of decline, and it ig not unlikely this might have been what the Emperor was wishing for when he proposed that 250 francs spaunlly should be id to the veterans of the army. It ie not much for his special case, certainly, of white gloves and worked blue coats. Princess de Metternich will give four small Gancines Savendase; nat it is Mme, Musard who is now outdaoing Mme. de Metternich, wo for administra- Mme. Musard gives a dinner every Sunday, when her house in the avenue de Séna is one flame of light, A negro, @ Chinaman and two Englishmen of gigantic proportions wait at table. Nothing can surpass the splendor of the service. The descriptions made of her stables and works of art are beneath reality. Politicians, dipiomatists and members of the press are her preferred guests. A striking Aabitue at Mme. Musard’s is a lovely Woman whose attractions are steel eyes with biack lashes and abundant fair hair, Her toilet last Sunday was white poult trimmed with alternate founces of white and pink coral taffetas, headed by ruche. Her flowers were pink geraniums, her jewels [pod coral. It was at Mme, Musard’s that mild javana brown crape was first started and trimmed with gold fringe and amber fruit. Here did @ brunette, attired in a robe of sulphur shade, first wear the Narcissus diadem with gemmed sapphire heart. Here can diamond insects quiver op feather aigrettes that are not to be matched. Talk- ing of headdress reminds me of the last bon mot about Isabella of Spain. ‘‘What wreath is that on her head ?” asked one prince of auother at tue races. “Oh, ivy; ivy loves ruins, you Know.” “But ivy and ruins suggest restoration,” was the first prince’s deep remark. “w FORGERY OF HAYTIEN BANK NOTES. Six Hundred Thousand Dollars of the Sparious Notes Put in Circulation in Hayti—Arrest of the Alleged Printers in this City. One of the most extensive forgeries of modern date has just been brought to hght in this city, 1t was first brought to light, however, im the republic of Hayti. The discovery developed the fact that $600,000 of forged notes, purporting to be two dollar notes of the republic of Hayti, had been put in cir- culation there. As soon as the Treasurer General of the republic made this astounding discovery he im- mediately set to work to trace the notes to their source, and finally came to the conclusion that the counterfeiting had been done in the city of New York. He therefore communicated with Superm- tendent Kennedy in regard to the matter, when that official detailed detectives Farley and Eustace to work up the case. This, as a matter of course, was no easy task, for they had no clue whatever to guide them in their searches for the counterfeiters, and the Haytien government were unable to give them the slightest information which might have thrown some light upon the swindle. Farley and Eustace, however, are men who believe that where- fore there is a will there is considerable of a broad way, and so they each one joined himself together, as Hugo would say, and worked day and night to ferret ont the whereabouts o/ the counterfeiters. At length success crowned their efforts, at least so far as to accomplish the arrest of the alleged printers of the notes in this city and the party charged with ne- tiating for the same. The mame of this last individual is John Burr, No. 34 Sixth avenue, and the : apes Alfonso Brett and Wm. Hinch Jones, of the firm of Brett & Jones, printers, No. 83 Nassau street. Preliminary to the arrest of these parties the following afidavits were made before Justice Hogan, at the Tombs:— Evaniste Laroche, of the Germain Hotel, being duly sworn, deposes and says that he 1s the Charge d’Affaires and Coneul General for the republic of Hayti to the government of the United States, and that he bas been informed that the note hereto anuexed and purporting to be a two dollar note of the republic of Hayt was, with many others of like character, made and printed by Alfonso Brett, Wm. H. H. Jones and Jovn Rust. Deponent has examined said note and ‘the same is false, forged and counterfeit, and he therefore charges said Brett, Jones and Rust with making and printing said note, well knowing the eame to be counterfeit, and with the felonious intent to cheat and defraud, and prays that said Breit, Jones and Rust may be arrested and dealt with us the law directs. VANISTE LAROCHE. Sworn to before me this 7th day of May, 1868—E. HowaN, Police Justice. J. Manger, of 66 Fulton street, being duly sworn, says that some time during the winter of 1887-5 he was at the otlice of Brett & Co,, at No. & Nassau street, in the city of New York, and there ‘saw being m: milar to the one aonexed to deponent's ailidavits dey office, hed aconvereation with Wm. H. H. Jones relative to said notes, and he was told by said Jones that he bad au- thority to have said, notes printed, throuzh Colonel Wood, detective ollicer in the government service; deponent afier- ived f 1m payment therefor, cc Fair the rats of about #20) for every £5,000 of said notes; doponent carried sald notes to Rust on two decasions, and 10 the best of his knowledge carried about 29,000 of said hows on cl jon. y eagorn wo before me thie 7th day of May, 1880.—H. HOGAN, Pollee Justice. Upon tre above afidavits the parties named therein as implicated in the. alleged forgeries were arrested. Yesterday they were taken beiore Judge Hogan, There were also in attendance Mr. Laroche, the Consul General of Hayti, and Mr. Elwood, Spanish Consul in this ci "he examination of tue accused, Who Were represented by counsel, was set down for to-day. Meantime the parties were le in the custody of the detectives arresting them, Consul General for the present seems disposed, not- withstanding his afidavit, to consider them inno- cent of the grave charge preferred against them, and only expresses an auxiety on behali of his gov- ernment .o trace out the parties who con- cocted the forgery and set the forged issues in circulation in Haytt For that matter the accused all assert their munocence. Burr Says—at least so say the detectives tor bim— that last fali an admiral of the Haytien navy called on him and asked him if he could print tue notes. Barr said that he told the admiral he cold not print them, as he was an engraver and not a printer. Ac- cording to Bury the admiral then asked him where he could get the notes done, adding that he was deputized by the Haytien government to have the “stamps” printed. Burr tuen went to Brett, and the latter then verformed the work, Burr states that tnree officials occupying high positions in the Haytien government are tnplicated in the swindle. It is said that $800,000 worth of the spurious notes were printed in this city, $600,000 of which were palmed off on the sable inhabitants of Hayti, as stated above, the remaining $200,000 being found 1m the hands of the alleged printers. Messrs. Brett and Jones say that they did the work as ordinary job work, having no supposition whatever tuat they ‘were aiding any Countericiting schemes. ‘The notes are good counterfeits, though as com- pared with the genuine notes it is not dimcuit to de- tect the difference. ‘The medallion likeness on either of the upper sides of the note of President Geffrard, as also the viguette—the Haytien cout of armns be- tween them—are not so clear, and then in the let- tering some of the accents are omitted. ~The water mark on the original is also Wanting. The note is about the breadth of an ordinary greenback and half the length, and only black printing on white paper, like the original, and, therefore, an casy counterfelt. On either end crosswise of the note the words “two dollars” (deux gourdes), a transiation of the lettering ts as follows:—“Republic of Hayt. The present bill circalates in the repub- he for two dollars, and the public treasurer guaran- tees to the bearer this value, in virtue of the law of April 16, 1827. For the Treasurer General.” And then come the signatures, which are various. Among tie unsi ting Hayticns these bills passed current Without difeully. THE SYRACUSE BOND ROBBERY. Some of the Stolen Bonds Offered for Sale in This City—Arrest of a Philadelphia Broker. ‘The public have not yet forgotten the robbery in Angust Jast in Syracuse of $18,500 in bonds belong- ing the Syracnse Savings Iustitution. These bonds, as will be remembered, consisted of eight bonds of Onondaga county, of $1,000 each; five bonds of Onondaga county, of $500 each; two Roch- ester city bonds, of $1,000 each, and six other bonds, of $1,000 each. So skilfully was the robbery effected that the perpetrators left no trace for their deteo- tion, The only recourse for the losers of the stolen bonds was to keep a sharp lookout against their be- ing offered ta the market. In this latter regard the officets of the savings bank have accordingly been unremitting in their watchtulness, ‘( It was presumed the bends, or some of them, would come to the sur- face. This presumption appears from the following devebpments to have been rightly founded:— A lew on simpe the Cag! was made that Mr. Hoimes B. Kelly, a broker, of Philadelphia, had been offeriig for sale some of the stolen bonds to Kendrick & Co. brokers, No, 50 Exchange pl or rather had teen seeking the negotiation of the bonds through these parties. Mr. Kelly, on betng seen and interrogated on the subject, claimed that ne bougit the bonds of Mr. J. CG. Clark, of Lancaster, Pa., aad that he paid ninety-two cents @ dollar on them. The fact was farther ascertained that Kelly offeral $6,000 of the bonds for $4,000 to Messrs. Gienenning, Davis & Anning, bankers, No, 2 Nassau street These latter bounds he asserted that he ob- taine( from a stranger m eeanng a. Mr. Oharies Manu, Of the Syracuse Savings Bank, the loser of the nds, made afidavit to the above facts, aud upon Which our statement of the case is wholly basec, before Judge Hogan at the Tombs, and upon the sane Mr. Kelly wae yesterday arrested by rounds man Cooper, of the police squad. He alleges his | papery, to prove his innocent possession of the | bonds The examination was set down for ten | o'clock Monday morning, and in the interim he was tempeatly mitted in default or $10,000 hail, METROPOLITAN ENGINE COMPANY NO. 9 (MBROGLIO. To vie Eprror of tHe Hewaro:— In (he HeRALD of the 4th tnat. my name is con- | nected with the disturbance at the house of Metro- politan Engine No. % {was never foreman of that | compiny, 1 had no connection with the matter | whatever, The entire statement av fegards me is incortect in every particular, formerij Foreman ain of NG. 16, of No. Reference u_the arcle relettes ve wes made to el: Foreman Litte, or kegine Company No. 9.-ED.) WASHINGTON. WASHINGTON, May 8, 1869, English Afuirs in the Spanish West Indies. Up to this time no particulars have been received here of the alleged sinking of the British brig by a Spanish war vessel, mentioned in a despatch from the English Consul at Havana to the British Minister afew days ago. Mr. Thornton says that the officer in command of the British squadron at the West Indies has fuli instructions from the English govern- ment to protect the interests of British subjects in that quarter, and that he will not only do so but that he will demand prompt satisfaction for any outrages that bave been or may be committed on vessels sall- ing under the British flag. The Spanish govern- ment, Mr, Thornton thinks, has no disposition to get mto @ quarrel with England, and should any of the officers of the Spanish navy, through imdiseretion or too much zeal, commit any depredations upon British commerce, the home government will redress the grievance as soon as it is brought to their attention. itis now thought that the Consul who sent the despatch to the British Minister about the sinking of the English brig was misinformed. Mr. Thorntop thinks that if such an outrage had been committed he would have had fur- ther particulars about it either from the Consul or English commander on the West India station. Radical Movement Against the Cabinet Sumner and Stanton for the State and Treasury Departments. Changes in the Cabinet continue to be discussed with great freedom among the politicians now here. Senator Sumner, it 1s said, is casting his eyes toward the State Department, and Kdwin M. Stan- ton ia spoken of for the Treasury Department by Prominent radicals, who, while they are satisfied with Boutweil’s politics, think he lacks force. Sum- ner, in conversation with a gentleman a few days ago, said that if the country demanded his services in the State Department he could not refuse, al- though, if his own wishes were consulted, of course he did not want the place. Notwithstanding this modest disclaimer it ts said by those who know Sumner best that he would readily take the State Department if it were offered him. Stanton has a great idea of his ability to manage the finances, and had he been offered the place at the outset there is good .reason to believe he would have accepted it. It is said that the hue and cry gotten up by the radical press about the Cabinet has for its ultimate object the displacement of some of the present Cabinet officers to make way for more pronounced radicals, like Sumner and Stanton, I Jearn from the best sources that no member of the Cabinet intends to retire just at present, certainly not before the meeting of Congress next winter. They say the positions sought them and not they the positions; that some of them accepted at the earnest request of the President, and that whenever he in- dicates that their resignations are necessary to insure the success of his ad ministration they will be forthcoming. They do not propose, however, to be frightened into resigning by what they term news- paper clamor. Reaction Among the Office-seekers—Removals of New Appointees. ‘The smoke of battle having completelr blown away since the exodus of the last of the office-seek- ers, the President finds some timé for reflection, and particularly for a retrospective look over the appointments whicn were made during the sitting of the Senate. It has been discovered that a number of persons, during the indecent haste of the politicians, forced their way into office under false colors or through the misrepresentations of political friends. The President declared some time since that he would remove one of bis own appointees as quickly as any other if he found he was unworthy of trust. It is understood that this rule is being put in force, and removals are being made where parties are shown notoriously unfit for their positions. In the State Department it is mentioned that several places have been rendered vacant in this manner. in the other departments the same inudable policy will be enforcea wherever 11 will be of benefit to the public service. Appointments by the President. President Grant has made the following appoint- ments. Robert W. Lositer, Pension Agent at North Caro- lina. Richard F. Goggin, Collector of Customs for the district of Erie, Pa. George A. Hougnton, Su- pervising Inspector ot Steambvats for the Sixth dis- trict. John Wilde, Surveyor of Customs at Cheste: Va. Daniel P. Spyder, Assessor of Internai Revenu for the Fourth Georgia district, vice Watson re- signed. Willett Hopkins, Collector of !nternal Revenue for the First district of New York, vice Ggorge A. Everett. Special Custom House Appointmenis. The following appointments of Speciai Customs Agents have been made by the Secretary of the ‘Treasury; the Filth district, headquarters Sa- E. Tf. S. Schenck, a brother of Rep- reseniative has been appomted speciai agent for the Eighth district, headquarters New Orleans; Levi Nutting for the Thirteenth district, headquarters St. Paul, Minn.; A. R. Lieb for the district, headquarters Key West, and 1 Goawin for the district of Virginia aud North Carolina, head- quarters Norfolk. J, H. Woggin has been appointed Assistant Special Agent and assigned to duty in the Sixth district, Charles S, Parker Assistant Ageut, and assigned to duty im the Fifth district. ‘The Farewell Address of the Peruvian Minis- ter and the Reply of President Grant. On taking leave yesterday, Mr. F. A. Garcia n- voy Extraordinary and Minister Plevipotentiary of Peru, addressed the President as follows:— Sir—The President of Pera has been pleased to de- clare termmated the diplomatic mission which he had confided to me near the United States, and so informs your ExceWency in the Cabinet letter that [ have the honor of placing im your hands, One of the most earnest and constant aspirations of the worthy citizen who now presides over the destinies of Peru is the creation and devei- opment of useful enterprises, which shall bring the natural progress of our country to @ level with her moral and intellectual growth and enable her to par- ticipate im the greatness so lavishiy bestowed upon this happy nation by the civilizing action of tn- dustry and of its political institutions. That lauda- ble work, however, demands the aid of the inteili- gence and labor of the people of those countries who happily enjoy such great benefits and who, L can assure it, would be ainply rewarded by the pro- vermal munificence of our soil and by the sympatny and gratitude of a hospitable and generous commu- nity. Seconding the elevated views of the Pernvian government and guided oy the unwavering attach- ment which I entertaifi for your country, it has been ratifying to me, both in the discharge of my official juties and within the sphere of my private actions, to contribute effectually, not only ip consolidating the friendship and harmonious relations now existing between Peru and the United States, but also in promoting, under that new phase, the development of ties which must tend to hasten the association of the capital and industry of your fellow citizens with Uhose undertakings recently initiated in Pern, which promise a glorious future. On withdrawing from the honorable post I have occupied, permit me, sir, at the same time I offer my heartfeit thanks for the very kind reception you have been pleased to give me, also to express the confidence | feel that those relations, 80 beneficial to Peru as well as to the}: United States, will in future have for their safeguard the greatness of iy J name, the justification of your * government, aud the special sympatny with which you have ever honored ai! the other States of our America, THE PRESIDENTS REPLY. ‘The President replied as follow: Mr. Gancia—It gives me pleasure at ali tines to hear of the prosperity and advancement of the re- Publican States in this hemisphere. Their progress and success encourage the expectation of the future geenen of republican principles and their adop- nm by other communities. As yeu are taking leave, Hi hope that your successor may commend him- self as much to the contidence of this government, and be as careful of the relations which now exist between the government of Peru and of the United States ax you kave been in the discharge of the duties. ‘The following ix the letter of the Peruvian Presi- dent recalling Minister Garci: Jose Baltas, Constitutional President of the Repub- lic of Peru, to His Excellevey, the President of the United States of America: Sexon—Don José Antonio Garcia y Garcia having to pass to the discharge of otver functions, and hav- ing had the honor to exercise near your Excellency the duties of Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, 1 hy determined to withdraw him trom the exercise of t functidns which he has discharged in your republ repablican | on the leave taking of this functionars, he has ti especially in. chi rae to express to your Excellency my graditude for the kind reception which, daring his mission, you bave deigned to extend to him, and at the same time to reiterate to your Bxcellency the aseurances of the sincere friendship of Peru tor the United States of North America, Be pleased, sir, to accept the expression of the deep respect with which | am your loyal and true friend. At the Government House in Lima, the 13th day of January, 1869. JOBE BALTA, J. A. BARRENBABRA, Minister of Foreign Relations, Colonel M. Freyre, now Minister from Peru to Bo- gota, succeeds Sefor Garcia as the representative from Peru to the United States. He ip expected to arrive here om the 20th inet, Selior Medina, Seer. tary of Legation, will be Chargé d’Affaires until the arrival of Colonel Freyre. Afew days ago Sefior Medina met witn a serious accident by being thrown from his horse, and for some time it was feared he could not recover. This has detained Sefor Garcia longer than he expected. Movements of the Ways and Means Commit- tee. William D. Kelley, who arrived in this city sev- eral days since, among others interested in the ap- pointment of a Marshal for the Eastern district of Pennsylvania, returned to Philadelphia this evening. Judge Kelley is one of the Committee of Ways and Means and expects to be present in the tour of tn- vestigation into the working of the revenue in differ- ent parts of the country. The committee will meet in New York city on the 12th inst. and fix their plans for the trip and time of departure. Treasury Circular—Impertation of Agricul- tural Implements by Immigrants. The following circular has just been issuca collectors of customs and others: TREASURY DEPARTMENT, May 5, 1969. The following question has been submitted to the Departument:— Can wi ments brane by ‘The ninety-seventh sub-division of section twenty- three of the act of March 2, 1861, exempts from duty “‘wearing apparel in actual use and other per- I etter handise, fegsional books, im- plements, instruments and tools of trade, occupation or employment of persons giving in the Untied States, provided that this Exemption shall not be construed to include machinery or other articles tm- ported for use inany manutacti establishment: or for sale.” J am of opinion that a liberal construc- tion should’be given in favor of immigrants to this provision of the law in relation to the articles above enumerated, when actually owned and used in their cular calling at the time of their age a foreign country, and which they bring with them to this country with the intention of contin to use them here, and that such articles under circumstances should be admitted duty free. In the execution of this ruling much Is entrusted to the dis» cretion of the officers of the customs, and they are cautioned alike inst indifference and too unreasonable exercise of authority. If an; immigrant presents himself with articles which he alleges were actually used by him in his particular calling and produces reasonable evidence of the truth of his statements to you, Pes are hereby authorized to admit the same to entry, free of di Of course, no live stock can be admitted act of May 16, 1886, imperative, and req that all live animals shall be le to and pay a dul of twenty per cent ad valorem. It may be hs, harness, ploughs and other Impie- farmers arriving in the United States {rom to entry free of duty, the in Uanadat to add that the provision in the ninety-seventh sub- division above quoted, viz., that this exemption Shall not be construed to include machinery or other articles imported for use in any manufacturing es- tablishment or for sale, must be carefully observed. _ GEORGE 8. BOUTWELL, Secretary of the Treasury. A circular was issued by the Secretary of the Treasury August 12, 1865, for the purpose of reliev- ing travellers passing from Canada mto the United States from the annoyance caused by officers of the customs seizing articles of jewelry,Indian goods, &c., purchased as mementos and souvenirs. The circular. exempted from duty all such articles as may have, been procured in good faith as mementos, <&c., whem not exceeding in vaiue twenty-five dollars. The privilege granted in this circular having been sysd tematically abused by persons buying such aed for traffic in violation of the revenue laws, the retary has instructed the Collector at Suspensiom Bridge that the circular in question has been revoked) and Collectors are hereafter required to collect duties upon all articles brought by travellers from abroad, excepting such as are ailowed by law or reguianiona to be entered free. Retired With Honor. Brevet Major General James C. Robinson, Colont Forty-third United States infantry, V. R. C., havin at his own request been ordered before an examf ing board, is found incapacitated for active servit on account of wounds received at the battle Spottsylvania Court House. The finding of Board is approved, and he 1s retired with the rank of Major General. Liquor Dealers’? Taxes. The foliowing decision has been made b Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue, / the act of April 10, 1869:—Dealers tn liquo’ sell in quantities less than five gallons ana! quantities of tive gallons and upwards, mug special tax both as wholesale aud retail dea) A Delegation of Vir; in Negroes at the House. The colored delegation from Alexandria by R. D. Kelley, cailed upon the President had an interview concerning appointmen place, and to tell him something about the the colored people on the subject of reco The interview was satisfactory to them. Personal. Commissioner Deiano left Washingtor a short visit (0 his home in Ohio. * — BOUTWELL'S FINANCIAL POLIC y, to the Evenir ers. proposais, after due notiee by adve much discussion among financtal wr This move on the part of Se foreshadows clearly the policy ursued while he remains at thy freasury Department, In conver correspondent this morning he sa tion to have a policy which no on stend, and which would preveo from being used to enrich spect country. Wheh it becomes necessary to present policy the fact will be before or after the close of business hours, that no one person could have an undue over another through the market. In every case the informat®? on w; before the officers charged Wt ih exe have official information ast ven, ( the department Id _be published ‘ating the orders: o the course they are to pursue. The Secretary will act ep ti condition of the Treasury and wilt dete ius policy by the receipts and expenditures of te de- ie market in New York or elt ewhere, te money the receipts 0: ver ament justify it 5 ws 1e to’ hold these bonds as a si same tad ants cancel them. He 1s st ongly urged to’ change his order to buy bonds so ‘ ar as to substitute three per cent certificates in thet’ ¢ place; bt refuses to do. i ut this he positively CIUCKET. Opening Day of the St. George’s Club. ‘This club held tt.etr opening day for the season yesterday aftermotyn at their ground back of Hobo. ken. Sides wer@ chosen by Messrs. H. Butterflela and Aymar Cater, and a very lively first inning on each side took place. Mr. Butterfleld’s side went to the bat first and scored $9, of which Lee, Hill, Gibbes and Howell scored doubie figures, the pl veing pretty good all round, In Lee's 14 were a4, two 3's and two 2's. Mr, Hill’: posed Se : tna pty Hili’s 18 were com ob jessrs., Ins and Hatfleld onl ’ figures, and Mr. Gibbes made a ane seore in ie usual style, his figures being a 4, two 3's, two a4 and stngles; Mr. Howell's 18 counting a3 and four 2's and singles. Mr. Cater’s side only reached to 54, of which he got 9 by two fine nits for 4 each and @ single. Mr. Kyre’s 2 and 1 were well got. Mr. Haughton made four safe singles and Mr. Ogleby two 3's, a 2and five i's, Mr. Seager being not out fora careful couple of 3's, and |. The usual cricketer’s dinner was done justice to, and the prospect of @ brilliant season of matches is quite cheering, and as it only takes twenty-five minutes to reach the ground. from the Barclay street boats, and as the sl ter houses near the railroad have been Hoboken thorities, hewly graded, and during the past winter man: "i have been erected on the top of the ill eens ‘The following is the score:. MM. BUTTRRFIELD'S BID Lee, b. Cat athe OATER'S SiDR, 14 Noster. o. Hatfield, b. Bite 8 i. Butter. 6 . 8 4 23 18 6 bea. 8 byes, 8; wides, 4 1 The following gentiemen , officers of the fio for teouvAgunae Cone atte dont M. G. Hanghton, vice president; G. M. Vander- be pe mune sont secretary, oon Committee men:—Mesars, A, Robert Hage, 1 to-night om (Special despatch Wasnixaton, et taes When the fact became known th) g morning that Secretary Boutweil had Seapeaeees orders to As- sistant Secretary Van Dyck at NewYork to buy gov- ernment bonds to the amount of $1,€ 00,000 per week, on the same plan by which gold is — goid—by seal rusing—it led to’ cretary Boutweill which is to be ¢ head of the sation with your id it was his inten- 2 could misunder. ilators all over the alter or change his made public either sin order vantage fuct uatigns in the money L ra a 1e, of the full y the under © whe also im t paya : White headed aay, and is at that : feeling of astraction.