The New York Herald Newspaper, April 11, 1869, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, APRIL 11, 1869.-QUADRUPLE SHEEP. a GLANCE AT NEW YO POPULATION OF THE STATE AND CITY, Comparison with Eastern and Western Cities, “Our Irish and German Fellow Citizens.” Astounding Revelations----Our Tenement House and Cellar Population. THE MORALITY OF THE CITY. From time to time it is profitable to cast a glance at the tnerease of the popuiation of our city and the growth of ali the elements necessarily flowing from it, A statistical review of the progress of New York, thus comprehensively undertaken, presents a truth- ful picture not only of the me but also of the constant, quiet chang! ter and pursuitsef the people, corresponding to the character and habits of the nationality from which the aggregate of the whole popu'ation is made up. It 1s an a trath that tn order to be able wisely to legislate for a people, complete, thorough know- ledge of all the characteristics of the people, of all the elements which enter into the formation of the customs, habits and life of the masses, is a condition precedent. Toatd in the spread of this knowledge the following compilation of figures will be found useful:— THE POPULATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. The increase in the population of the State of New York presents a remarkable scale of rapidity, le | nowhere in the world, except in some of ne Western States of ourown country. From the of the first federal census, in 1799, to the last, in 18d, the number of inhabitants has increased ten- fold, or a thousand per cent. Tne figures proper show this conelusively:— in the charac- Bate of Tn 27.5 3,85 20.25 niation of the State for the 2 the ninth census 13 to be n by the federal goverument—and assuming the to have n ve! ear what it was during the previous ten years, or about twenty per cent, which will concede to be rather below than ntage, the State of New lation of 4,653,882. This ts more by one-half than all the thirteen colonies pos- Sessed at the time of the Revolution, about as many as the whole of Ireland now contains, more than the over in his kingdom, more than thr and more tha King of Sa career of ag. 8, therefo; aud it is with justice and rightfnlly that she com- plains of her want of infu: in the United States it, being represented by two votes only to the twelve of New England, with no larger, if so large @ population; and second, that ev: ose two votes are entrusted to politic) essed of but litle know} its and general demands of suc a por Of this population in 1360 there were 998,640 por. sons born abvroa or just about one-ha’ om, came . from land, 8, ant the rest parts of the This classifica e true, since the consus marshala, accord 1 the cit! fore length ed with 72 MOTe ‘ants and abi to this fact or the autho nuinb that 1,909,909, or ver Whieb Ire'an’ of her soil England. fe to be cred! one igh 5 the foretan i figures of th HE CITY OF has not only pulation of th Wile in 1350 th hal reached 89 State, fifty percent. and who doubt our city ta 1 t fign the increase letall and by wards, for 186) gives our population as fol 15,455 5, AT on from the details of rs to be as follows: — ‘ot ai If to this is added the population of the Ivlands in ———— ~ reaches $15,652. The was enuuerated as iol- wire. Senin {ence Grand Male, |Pemale Femave.|Toual.|| Tat Be aor | i 4 yee 2 kywall's) ais) 4anii) 1 s 200) 696)) in regard to the different nationalities composing it than we lave already given above. In 1540 the num- ver of people inhabiting tius city and classified a8 na- tive was 429.992, and a8 foreign 383,717, making, as slated, the whole population, the isiand included, a1s,60%. In 156), therefore, the rate of the foreign in- habitants of New York city to the whole population was a fraction over forty-seven percent. Of these oreign residents there were from England, 27,082; scotland, 9268; British America, 3,999; Ireland, 205,940; Germany, 119,954, while other countries aud naunalities contripated the rest. > itis imstractive to compare the ratio of the several Dationaiilies Lo the Whole population of other cities in the Umon as We extract them from the census of iné). Baltimore, with a total popuiation of 212,418 had of foreign residents 61,497, about 2454 per cent. Of the foreigners $2,613 were Gerarans, 15,36 Irish, 2,164 Snglish, 147 Canadians and 624 Scotch, with a Slight addition of other nationalities. Puiladelphia had @ total population of $95,529, of Whom 169,439 were foreigners, or 29 10-11 per cent, who were composed in the main of 43,643 Germans, 95,548 Irish, 19,278 English, 940 Canadians, 3,299 Scotch, the resi being from other countries. Boston numbered 177,814 souls, with 63,791 of foreign birth Or 36 10-17 per cent. These were 3,202 Germiaus, 45,991 Irish, 4,073 English, 6,807 British Aniericans, 1,321 Scotch, and others, shown that even the “Hub has drawn about tlurty per cent of Its people from the Emeraid Isie. Cinctonati, with 161,044 inhabitants, numbered 74,614 foreigners, or at the rate of 46 9-16 per cent. ‘These Were divided into 45,981 Germans, 19,375 Irisu, 3,750 English, 921 Scotch and some others, Chicago had 109,260 population, with 54,624 foreign- or 49%, per cent of the whole, divided among 230 Germans, 19,889 Irish, 4,354 nglish, 1,807 Canadians, 1,641 Scotch, and other nationalities. St. Louts, with 190,524 residents, numbered 06,086 of foreign birth—a ratio of 50 10-10 per cent—with 50,610 Germat 1,926 Irish, 6,513 English, 1,332 from British America, 1,101 from Scotland and a number from France and Spain. From tis enumeration it will be seen that already, in the year 1869, the percentage of the foreign popue lation In this city was larger than in Bostoa, Phila- deiphia and Baltimore, larger even than in Cincin, nat, and only afew per cent less than in Chicago and St. Lous, rom the best sources at present at hand we are enabled to estimate the population of this city by wards at this day, and may assume it to igure up as foltows:— Estimated Wards, Populution. Total for eity ee Of course, it is not claimed that these figures are precise and give the correct number of the present inhabitants of the metropolis. But, barrmg ao variance of a few thousand. at no rate higher than 0u0 either way, itis not too much to assert that list will be found @ tolerably good prediction of the number of souls residing at present on this isiand, and thatin all probabulty the oficial census for 1570 will exceed the total given by at least 109,000, it may possibly be that the number of inhabitants aseribed to the First, Second and Third warus is taken somewhat too igh; but whoever knows any- tuing of the crowded boarding houses on West and Washington and Greenwich and other streets iu this locality will admit that the esu- mate of 28,00 inbabitants for this portion of tae isiand, pounded east, west and south by the water, and on the north by Peck slip, Ferry, Sprace a. io Streets, 18 certainly not too much, though sures between the wards may be ne relative votilug strength of these ds is abont the same in proportion we have ascribed to them. Seventeenth ward, we have taken st estimate We could get hold of, for some he populauon of this ward alone as high as Wand even 150,000 souls. It is undoubtedly that t and the Eleventh and Eighteenth rds, being contiguous and their populakion sup- the same causes of increase, which is the juereased immigration irom Germany, have ed aba larger rate than others of the lower wards of the city, and the 265,000 people, which our table allows tuem together, is believed to be as near the truth a5 any such Calculation well can be. A caretu! study of the three tables of tne popula- tion of New York city will disclose the fact, y cally $0 evident to every observing eye, that tne buls of our population is gradually moving upward, ‘Take the Ywe'fih ward for an example. In 1550, before the erection of the Twentieth, Twenty-tirst and Dwenty-second wards, aud when the Twelfth comprised within its limits nearly all the territory how known 43 the Nineteenth and Tweaty-second upto Harem river and Spuytea Duyvil, 1s Ure population was 10,451, Since then, and not- Witustanding its southernmost boundary was re- »ved up to Eyghty-sixth street, it has Increased, as We estimate it, to 46,000and may possibly have lnore—an advance of about 350 per ceat in twenty spite of a reduction in extent of territory ¥ one-half, t AND NATIONALITIES OF THE POPULATION. ydullcult to make anything like an ap- proximatively correct estimate of the division of our metropolitan populatien into its com- t parts im regard to their nauonality. A guess only nearing the true of the facts may be ventured, based upon tne relative proportion of the several nationalities 1 pou tucir ratio of Immigration and natural Jn i500 the natives of ireland resident la tio! physi- t. But rea, taken rns of that year, as the children generally coun population, Neverthe.ess, they eut purpose be used ag a basis of % ii Kuown that the rate of natural is about the same among both of these our popnlation. Careful statisticians in ie Unis, Biekes gives the ann fi deaths at 1.3 $ that of ireland at 1 e. This rate we may sately accept as exceeded in (ais country, for which we have lalistical tables, proving * general race of increase of our populatic Classes exclusive o1 tminigration, 18 about rut. and with immigration avout 4,39 per ceut. the nate ase in this city of the irisit according to the prevaihug a eriod of ten years 1360 Wold give Us over 240,000 Irish and about jy. A cuiculauoa tue rate prevailing Ws Was takeu in 1790, nacely, 1 would give between this and riy 250,009 reside; of Irish descent, 6,000 Germans, or descendants of Ger- mans inthis city. Ba bot omit one im- riant fact in’ this ¢ 10h. Our Inhobitauts erally ave more of a migratory Character than in Old World; and taking this tendency to emt city to other p particnlariy to 154,600 German residents in Uy muel nearer tae trata woud be lace the rat per cent, whi very 16, n n, Vit, 250,009 Irish an this Would be the selative p ) had there been ho Liamigration, increase to our population from’ this last immense of late. While that tro t from Ger: ds of th ears of the late 1 took an to vory agh, dur inigration was 1 vouud oaly from a 2 two nationalities Was about the sami 1,070 to 41,090—a8 last y avout lsio4. During the three years 18%), 1 007 im t this por three years tu arrived in the ber sudd luce sicalily kept on increasing. Taking the whole list of fiumigran it this port for the jast ten years at a lov 1533, Wehave the tremendous nuuber of over 1,290,009, Of these iti: admitted about two-flfihs generally remain either in this c the neighboring cities, or the coun- try imme ounding us, of about 44,000, of Whou two Ain, or about 329,000, have taken thei abode in this ct 4 the natural incr huaily by births Of 1.04 per cent. Without going into any mathe. matically precise calculation, It is evident that the two principal nationalities from which we draw our immigrant population, the Irish and “the Germans, divide Uemselves into this number of new ¢ ters in the city avout as foliows:— 000 of the former and 214,000 of the latter, tho resident population of the city of and Germans may be state:t to 845,000 336,000 ica have lucreased in the saine ratio, neither have French nor other navionalli ea, Who altogether do not niunber over 75,000 souls, But ass for the purposes of our argument, that they reach tia figure, it is shown thal more than sixty-eight per cent of the ety's population is eiher of foreign birth or of 1 descent no farther back than to the second @ that ts population is composed of peo- ye of ail countries ald of ail climes, and tat New dork has the fullest nght to the distinction of a cos- m 7 tan city, merging Withia itasif ail tongues 41 el nationalities, the customs, manners and Lavils of all people. ‘ HOW THRSE PRO! It Js not the Inteution of article more de: 1 ae D ary to Vust InJUX of population, composed iechanivs, lavorers, suaall Wadespe: pr trope “Neither the Knglish, nor those from British Am | PLB LIVE. @o into any ow how thia it Is mostly of aud tie like find shelter room in the city and what portions of ‘the city generally receive thts increase, In the first place it is estimated by the officers of the Metropoi!ian Board of Health that about nair of population resides i tenement houses. As it ts Well kuown that these houses are occupied only by those of foreign deseent—Americans proper being 80 Slirht a percentage of the whole tenement popu- lution as to be lost 1m the caleulation—and also vit about fifteen per cent of this foreiga element are 30 situated in woridly matters as to be able to occupy More cominodious dwellings and some even palaual wiAnsions, this estimate of the Board of Health 1 but an additional proof of the correctness of our own. ‘Tae number of persons residing in terement houses would, therefore, be about 550,000, aud it were Luver- esting to Know the numoer of such houses in tus city to harbor them. Unfortunately siuce 1567 Do census of tenement houses has been taken, and the one then prepared by the Health Board, with the as- sistance of the police, 18 lar from complete, aud no sure criterion for Lue Dumber inhabited to-day. Still we give it as extracted from the records of the Board f Health of that year:— No.4 Tencivent In Bat rte Cow: thin, No.of Teneweat In Bad Horne, Con biti ne H Breese Total. : 20» «18,05: 9.6465 itis seen at a giaace that (his lst cannot be com- plete, and 1% was aduiited by the officers of the Board that it was not. But considering it approxi- matively trae, and adding the number of tenement houses since built and occupied as such, we have about 29,000 of tus class of houses, in which over 550,000 people live, breathe, dine and sleep. Sowe of then are more, some fess crowded; some are constructed with proper regar: for ventilation and the health of the tea- ants, are kept in a cleanly condition and im good, or at least deceut, repair. Some, however, are the ceverse of tats, and are very peat houses, a3 if specially tended to bresd disease and epidemic; and it ts probably trae, as given in the avove list, that more than haif the nusiber of tenement houses were more or jess in tis Condition at the time this list was prepared, and Unis proportion has probably not changed since then, in spice of the labors of the Health Board, ‘The crowded condition in some portions of the city, particalarly where there is the greatest number of tenements, 18 astonishing. According to’a late return made to the Board of Health this crowd: ing of people like pickled herrings is actually app ling. On the west verge of avenue B, for exampie, 1a the Hleveuth ward, in houses containing on all the floors together, including basements, or rather cel- lars, not more than about Uivee and one-third acres of superficial area, there reside 2,700 persons, or at the rate of S00 to the acre, giving but six square yards elbow room to every person. This is packing living people closer tian they could be decently buried when dead, said Dr. Harris, when he coim- municated this fact, As another example we will refer to the Seventeeuth ward, where in a sinall room, with adark pantry aljoining, nicknamed a bedroom, there were found ten persoas living, two of whom only were under five years. These, we are assured, are no isolated cases, but they indicate the tendency of landlords to crowd as many people into their houses as the walls will support. OUR CELLAR POPULAYION—ASTOUNDING REVBLA- TIONS. But the worst has not been toid yet. Everybody knows that quite a number of people innabit cellars aad some of the fiitiuest, dirtiest holes, where one would suppose not even a dog could stand the mias- matic eMuvia tor fifteen minutes. But they will be astounded when they read the foliowing Teveiations:—Dr. Flisna ilarria, the present Sanitary Superiniendeat of the Board of Health—inquiry aden’ been made directly of him—stated that he had no precise data from Whica to give the exact number of celiara inhabited in this city, but from the best taformation le was able to gather he estimated the number of cellars tn- habited at 18,000, and that on an average eacn of these cellars may be rated at lodging seven persons, Which would give a celiar population in New York of 125,000, If ia possible that his estimate may be too high. In fact, one of the principal oittcers of the Board was himself of this opinion when asked, but even he, on a rough calculation of what he said he knew, figured up 12,000 cellars, with from 96,000 to 100,090, still large enough im all conscience to make one shudder; for, mind you, these are not what are catied “basements,” in the terminology of the Health Board, and which have about half vac height of the wiadows above the level of the sidewalk and a ven- tilating area of several feet in width tn tront and rear, and are dry, high and roomy; but they are such as under the health ordinances of the Board are utterly forbidden to be rented or occupied as ments, with the exception of only 211, classed ua No. 1, found to be otherwise sufilciently veutilated, dry and ligated, entitling them, after iaspection, to ® permit from the Board allowiag their permaneut occupancy. The larger portion of the rest are perfect sinks of filth, and a majority of them have no outiet what. ever to the rear and many not even a window ex- cept what has been cut in the door, admitting a ray or two of dim light reflected throagh a misty atmos- phere frour plies of rubbish and manure on the strect or in the yard, and many of them are used as “bed houses,” with from ten to twenty bads, let for ten cents anight, These cellars are rated No, 3. ‘There is a third class, which 13 rated a3 No. 2 on the records of the Health Board, and in wich are comprised a majority and Lo which belong a large number of so-calied basements, which do not fally come up to the requirements of the law, are also comparatively unfit for haman habitations and which the Board would wish to abate. Periaps from sixty to seventy thousand people inhabit these. However much the Board would like to clear them and have n shut up, that they may no longer be craps for the gravedigger, yet the health officers feel keenly the im. possibility todo tt” Where can they put these people ? Are they to build tents and “house” them, as were the wandering tribes of Israci in the desert? From sheer necessity the Board believe themselves com- pelted to forego the sirict execution of the jaw, and twlerate what they cannot abolish, o1 bent on kecping their nostrils in proper order aud compel the use of disinfectants whea “‘smelied” to be re- quired. For this class the Board have adopted the rale that in cases where the owners or lessees do everything in their power to make the cellars atleast rably habitable, temporary permics are issued, ect to be withdrawa anc cancelled at the plea- sure of the Board, Without further novice, In regard to Ulass No, 3, the worst of all, a3 above described, and @ portion of Class No. 2, the Board, through their subordinates, have found *inorat sua- sion’? a usefu! remedy to apply to the tenants; that is, to persnade then to move into better quarters, and when the tamates are gone the ofilcers seek to prevent the reletting of the ofmoxtious premises. In tiany cases this class of cellars 13 tenanted by the most degraded and ignorant, where negroes, Cht- nese and whites, of all sexes, ages and pursuits, from the beggar W the inurderer, associate. In many instances the Board were successful in persuading the inmates to mneve, and this number increases, 1b is said at the Health Omice, from week to week. Jnek are related which are botu interesting aud lostructive to the moralist as Well as the states mau. The poor degraded, ottentimes outeast = ple were quile dumbfounded when told that they could obtain clean, comfortable homes for less than half of what they payin tueir dirty holes; aud Dr. Tiarris stated the fact that the renr for these dark, aa jars is oiten at tae rate of twonty dollars, and even more, per month, while in uptown locali- ties @ comfortavie tenement could be fad at from seven dollars to nine dollars in decent and respect- abl 4. To many this Was news, and, whea at they found tt trae, they woved and the cellar was closed. As @ measure Of moral reform thts has also proved efecive to some extent; for quite a number of tiese people who left the cellars under these cit comsiances for a vester neighborhood, when away from thetr vid Ranats aad associates, turned oat bet- ter Luginaslves and threw olf LUbir Vicions associates, The atmosphere of honest sarrouadiags is never without some effect for good, AMKESTS FOR PABRUARY. Tt is not always that the number of arresie ina city or sill larger commuaity gives oae a correct Appreciation of the state of morality therein. ‘This is especiaily the case in taia city. Where special legis- lation has made certain acts a “crime” at some hours wich are lawinl daring others, or on a cer. tain day when lawful the rest of the week; and waile it ig wadoubtedly true that a certam per- centage of the arreais in the tabie given beiow must be ascribed to D° facts criminal pey ae, yet on the wly t s will presentiy be see: it is instruc- OF FEURUARY LAST, in B=asES ead Sea. Oraitting all reference to the per Caused by either voluatary or accidental tufriny ments of special laws, It 18 usefal to study the tal for olor aud more tmportant reasona. It shows, almost ton nicety, ifeompared with the preceding table of the population of te city by wards, the character of the people inhabittiog the metropol Take, for a single comparison, the Fourth ant the ‘Tho Fourth procinet station nd comprises nearly the Fourth ward, wiih & population of i Het station house 1 OR id Waifth street, and has teenth ward north of Tiouston st the Bowery and Third avenue to Fourt ‘Tais prociact wasn popu lation of not leas than 65,00, and proovbiy more, for it is undoubtedly the most popuious and most thickly Inhabited part of the ward ths estit ed that In 4,120 houses live 95,001 souls, and im one bivck, between First avenne and avenue A gad Fourth aad Fifth streets, were bub lately counted by tie police over 6,000 tenants, And yet the Fourth precinct reports the highest number of arrests, 409, or i4 per day, and the Seventeenth only 125, oF about 4 por day. Ths sort Of comparison might bo continued through the table as given, and would prove no jess instructive the further It was ed ; but we 2 1b to those who tay lave me eisure, beng sea Wit fart. nisuing the data from which to proceed, svrcrons. Thring the turee montha, from December to Marca, tiere wore in ail 19 cases of death vy suicide tor ita diserict 1@ported to the coroners and so decided by the juries Who Sab on the ipaveess, Among thee were 2 women, some of advanced age—ore 70, years of age, and the younvest of the female suicides was 28. But more instractive is tuo lace shat out of the 19 persons who teriuinated their lives by their own wilt and with therr own hand there were 12 Ger- mans, 3 irish, 2 Americans, 1 Preach and 1 Englisi, If this is to be the rue hereafior, and if the prapor- tionate number of Germans seeking & Sei: indicted death to the whole number of sui- ciles—two-thirds—is to increase im the favure a8 it bas in the pasi, it may become the intention of some to question the right of the Germans to the distiaction of bemg “a nation of thiukers,” and it be suggested a3 more appropriate that they might approne’ a 4M benga “nation of suicides.’ ele ings and bickerings, jeal- ousies’ ides ‘and divisions among themselves, by mist sh Shey: ofan’ kill thelr owa best yr Pprappee iticg ef pretermeat migut lead et Sos Age AML ul sense they bad aiready Pe wen thstinction. bee PY Paawn caw 941) CRU 1 9D acorrect account of ra i of houses tn this i ore'the business 1s carried disguises Tt is the aut city. The r on So secretly andiuader sich succesful that it is next to an impossivility bo lerret them out or to “spot them, as detectives would say. Yet tho yore authorities know most of them, an wi it is that they wish to keap their kpowledge to themselves 1s left to con- jecture, That this leads to insinuations the reverse of fayoravle to the police is the fault alone of the authorities, and they have noboty else to biaine wien they are accuse’ by the public of — 1! is not necessary to finish the sentence. However, the efficient corps of detectives employed by the Healy turnish a full list, from which tae following table ts compiled by wards, It is a3 complete as could be obtained under the circumstances, and figures up for each ward the foliowing number of gambling houses:— Ward. Gambting Huse, Gambling Humes Comparing this list with one obtain rom. ofiice of the Association for the Prevention of Gam- bling 1t was found to be more correct than theirs and showing a larger number of establishments, The next census which the soclety 14 contemplating to take of gambling houses in the city wii ia ail pro- yubility verify the above table. We have, therefore, 263 piaces in this city where gambling is carried on more or less openiy, and it 13 well Knowa that be- sides these there are at least three times as many, or not less than 600 establishments, in various por- tions, Where uader the guise of privacy the gaming tabie is bid, The late suit before Judge Lane, brought for money won at the Manhattan Club House, {8 an evidence of this, and many other sim- lar proois might be cited, Our table 1oclades some very curious establish- ments. There is one on Tenth avenue, not far from its janction with West street, which is probabiy one of the worst holes in the city, It 1s a policy shop, a “fence” and a gainbilng house combined; in fact, it is everything that 1s base. Another place on bssex street, not a stone’s throw from Division, 13 tue private resideuce of the cashier of somo banking coucern ia Wall street. iMere a@ number of Wall street clerks rent a room or rooms, each having lis private key, and where they form a “club,” the yearly dues of membership being forty dollars. Faro and draw poker are here the favorite games, Once this “private club” was nearly exvinct, the Spine of the fast clerks getting wind of thelr habits. 1t has since been reorganized, and is now again in full biast. On Broadway, be- low Fulton street, there is au honest looking shoe store, patronized largely by Wall street people, and it often puzzles the neighbors how long tt takes these men to buy a pair of shoes or boots, for they often remain for hours inside, Tho neighbors would aot be puzzled if they knew that in the rear of the shoo store is another apartment fitted up for gambling purposes, and faro aud poxer in the rear, and no the leather ware in front, are the princtpal attrac- tions. Further up Broadway, opposite Wallack’s, 15 situated a restaurant with acoal hole ia the rear whicn is kept locked. Knowing ones can obtain the open sesame, and lo! and behold, instead of a coal hole, @ taro table, Keno apparatus aud a “sweat board’ invite them to excitement. On Spring street, near Broadway, is another “private club,” but in reality a gambling house, to which admission is purchased bj the payment of the “annual dues of membership.” On West Tnirtieth street, in a brown stone house, apparently the aristocratic residence of a highly fashionable family, is located a “ladies” sporting house, where ladies of the highest respectability daly congregate pour passer ie temps with laro, keno, short cards, a3 poker and the like, or any other game of hazard for money that may offer. On the Bowery—to come down again from the aristo- craile sphere to She comnunun vulgus—not @ miie from Canal street, there is an unpretending cigar store, but passiug through it one is inducted into all the mysteries of fare and poker, and even three card moate, which games are almost daily and nightly carried on. ‘Tae owner of this place has two cotuers aiso, one in the Fourth, tle other ia the Bighteonth ward, similarly arrauged—cigars in front and gambling iu the rear. We might enlarge this catalogue to tentold its present length, but what is given wi! suillce to prove that eituer tag passion for gambling is so strong in all mankind that the police dursi not attempt to prevent its gratification which would be too charitable a view to take, or cise that the “boys in blue and brass!’ de- cline to interfere for less psychological, but more substantial reasons, TAR SOCIAL RVIL, It is but sam modesty, which would treat this excrescence of sociuiy with silent abhorrence. To cure au evil you must understand it and koow the strength ib may have gain And this cannot be, Unless you speak about it, ies who taay ia mock pru- dery pretend to ba scaadalize. Such may just as weil at this point fold up the paper aud put it aside, for what is how to be wld migut shock their over- seasitive morality. Ibis weil Known that we have in this city three different classes of localitics devoted to prostitution, as distiuct from cach other a3 the fea ts from the bedbug and the varupire, and yet all of the same in- trinsic immoral character, just as all the three @ulmals na‘ued are bioodsuckers, and diger only m degree. These tiuree classes are, to begin witi the lowest, the saloons witu waiter girls, tae houses of prostitution and the houses of assigaationa, The returns of Police Superinien iet Kenneuy for the four years hamed below, give the followig aggregate Jor the two cities of New York aud Brookiyn:— 184. «1866. «1887, 1963, Honsos of prostitution: ay sat 679 405 Honaes of assignation’ ia w ” 193 Saloons with waiter gi ie an, | 87 Public prostitutes. 2123 268 9974 1,105 Walter girls... o-Noaccount 47 Bie “aT Tt was evident that tuere was some iistake in these figures, and that not a 6light one. Laquiry Was therefore made at headquarters, for the pur- pose of obtaining a view of tue lists returned to Superintendent Kennedy from the several precincts and to compare the numbers as given with those ascertained by an actual survey of the whoie city, jnade some time azo by several Well-meaning pli- lanihropists, for refurmatory purposes. But Kea- nedy declined to give the details by preciacts or wards, and his subordinates were not allowed to communicate what they knew. for this refusal the high functionary of the Mulberry sireet marble palace did not give any reason, either because he had none, or because, If he had @ reason, it Was as reporters are used to saying, “anit for publication.” bat ne wa very emphatic in his deciaration that this soo evil was less in extent than was generally supposed; that there were fewer places devoted bo the culle de Venus than the public imagined, and tuat a far smaller number of persons resorts to it for a li than is estimated by those Who Know bat little o: In fact, on these points, the well imormed Ki was emphatic, aud spoke as if he consi sore Pye on our social life wortuy ho more alten. tion than au Kast India elephaut would bestow on a Jersey mosquito bite. ‘This hima yf complacency of the high “public functionary” of Malberry street, the rollowing table wiil serve to correct, Which 18 as correct as secrching inquiry by earnest privaic philantiropists coull make it and as paid policemen, to whose mil every thing is grist that comes, neither care nor ever will make:— Howesof Wrees of Hous of Howes of Pre Amiqne = Protite Pre Asiqnas— Prostitus rinete. tion, tims cint a tion, none, 4 1. cP y s 7 5 2 4 8 | ee | 5 8 u“ 6 2 is n Fy 0 3 4 5 2 5 6 ia i 4 17 2 13 % a 4 ; 1 at 7a 40a 4 a The Twenty-fourth precinct is the Marbor Police bo. the Twenty-fitth the Broadway squad, 1 v iy-sixth the City Hall, the Thirtieth Mantatta ville aad the Thirty-second Washiagion heights; a 11 chose five precincts were properiy left out of the above table, Thero are therefore 492 ses of prostitution and 112 houses of assignation In this city alone, and not, as Kennedy would make the public beseve, 496 of the former and 07 of the latter io York and Brookiyn together. His census takers have either boon or seen ti many @ house unnoticed 1 red for. And in these 492 houses there are harbored no less than 1,903 feinales living a life of shame, But this is notall. The figures given by Kennedy in regard to there being ov. 0 PUBIC pro iti. tutes—If he will confine it to York city and to common harlots Who walk the streets by day and night, and are not regular inmates of a brothel—is probably correct. The Worst of all ore what are commonly caled houses of assignation, and it is enough to remark that the exigience, by en, and passed by toleration the police, of places’ of ‘this nature, sap$ tho very foundation of society, Thero are stringeut Jaws on our statute books against all this. The police are charged with the duty of bringing all ofenders to pustice and seeing the lawa executed, ‘She Superintendent, in his re- port to the Police Commissioners, pretends to know every house and every hole where prostitution, eliner mblic or private, dwells. Why, then, not execute ne law? Why let Baiubters (ply their trade in. Ap. curlty? Why can hariots parade their shame in bic and aii with the kaowledge of tie Superin- itand his subordiaate patrolmenr Can any boay answer? THE PAWNSROKERA, ‘There aro but Seventy-one Pawnbrokers leensed under the law to carry on the business of lending>| money on personal ya. es at twenly-five per ceul a year in city. ‘Pais is certainly a muck sinatler uumber then the pudlic are wont to believe, and Speaks, "iu general, well for the comparative Prose perity of the peopie. In the Second, Fit, Twelfth and Fifteenth wards no pawabroker lound it con- venieat or prodtable to locate wiasell. ee the nuaber runs as lullows;— in the other eee mascomn ce however, that the license (Sar aginwriae 9 in the Nineteenth ward was It should be stated, of the single litely revoxed, and that henceforta tuis ward enjoys the distinction of doing without “the uacie,”? while the uniortunate Eighth ward gives lucrative custom to Bo tess than fifteen of the tribe, winch is 4 sorry sigu for the thrift of tie tauabitants, CONCLUSION, Without having toached on many other subjects, Some equaliy, some 1ess important than those re- ferred to in this arucle, we have endeavored to give a comprehensive glance at the growth im population of our city; at the composite cnaracicr of this growth as regards nationauties; atthe reiative proportion of these nationalilies re- siding in our midst, and the way in which a lar, portion of our peopie are housed aad do live. We have also given what i velicved to be @ truthful picture of tue sociai and moral condition of the city and of the lack of duty in the olcers charged with tue due enforcement of the laws, ‘The view we have easayed tu present shows that someching more thao a mere vast and cosuy poiice machinery is needed to institute a thovouga and heatthy reform, aud that this need tes not only tn greater eiliciency on the part of the autaorities— though this want is severely lelt—but can also be supplied by an increased pubiic spirit, to be brought abuut by the conjotature of ali the better elements of our poopie for one common eud—morat eievation. ‘This can be achieved by awakeniag a feeling of co- herence—of congruity amon’ ail the many diiferent paris composing the aguregate of our population, And ia this regurd it is napes tue preceding expo- sition may also convince the doubiing that a com- munity so heterogeneously composed as ours, and Where the elements of heterogeacousness are $0 constantly aud sv Vastiy on the increase, cauaot and should not be attempied to be torced Into the straight jacket of uniformity of thought, nor into the saine predetermined mould or groove of feeling aud custoin, Latitude, vee scope for the full develop- ment of each individuality within the proper aud reasonabie restraints of public order common to ail should be given, repressive ordinances avoided, tac pubiie morality preserved, wuile nothing should be ventured upon tending to eugeader jealousy, dissat- isiaction or estrange neni. ius, while executing the laws upon aul alike, preserving the rignis of the community along with tue righis of eacn, the neces- sary basis for a sound public oplulon will have beea won, Without which, in @ repubiic, there must be a jarring of iaterests and consequent weakening of the ties that bind the body poiltic lato one harmo- ious Whole. ‘Yuen relorias are made easy and cease to be mere hopes, for even the cause of many evils of which we now complain will gradually pass away. Though the milieuuiuin, a reiga of uuiversal virtue and probity, can never be expected, and while a large city lixe New York will always attract the vicious and the depraved, as it offers tacin greater opportunities for prey and better clauces Of escape, it may then be less difficult to bold them tn check. But so long as discordance continues, as one portion of the community stauds apart trom the other, a3 if divided by aa imaginary Cainvese wall, just so jong ail attempted reforms will be patchwork, covering without curing the rent in the garment. EUROPE. FRANCE, Social and Court Gossip of the French and Aastrian Capitals. Panis, March 19, 1869. We have had a few varied balls the last week; one wa3 given by the Paris ‘feuristes” at the Louvre, one by the “domestics of high life’ at Valentino, another by the actors, actresses and artists at the Opéra Comique, and a fourth by Mile. Alice Regnault, of the Bouifes, and this was a very fancy ball. I will only note that the mistress of the house was dressed ag a wrestler— that is, ina tight fitting flesh-colored maitot and @ pair of velvet shorts, fringed under the knees with gold. I need not say she had to wrestle out of the grasp of her guests all the eveaing. An actress of the Bouffes, whose name is popular all over the world, was attired as an “advanced bride; she wore small yellow and green oranges ainong her White orange blossoms; & third was a cascade of Jouis d’or, all gold coins, sewn on rippling baile. The lady portion of the ball can be defined by the letter c, oo ngaa preceding cozuette, coquine, cocuite or erevette. A different style of fancy ball that given by the Coutesse Festetics to the Court of Austria at Vieuna, The roves and costumes were mostly made in Paris. ‘The Bupress Elizabeth wore a splendid diadein of diamonds in her dark hai, which rolled down ia heavy curls to her waist. The lace on the wiite satin rove is unrivailed. The Duchess of Wartem- borg, wiih the Archduke Louis Victor for paurtuer, danced a minuet and the Laan taraateila, bat the village welding” was the great success of the even- ing—a delightful Watteau ctableau—writes an Aus- trian correspondent in a giowing description lor wy er education, The wedding party duaced to he music of village pipes aud atainvourine. The ladies were all in peasant costume of the Boucher type, and deiiclously rustic, Comte Fesietics was the bridegroom and Gomle de St. Julien his man, the former wita a tremendous bunch of orange blos- soms in his buitonhoie, the laiter witha buach of roses and fluttering streamers. ‘ihe Emperor of Austria was delighted with the picturesque scene and applauied warily. Luitation of country Life is ai the vogue; when viewed in reaitty it” 1s less casing. : ‘The to.lowing, seen and heard by myself, will ilus- trate the fact:—Scene, an ounibis; personages, divers, among whom a meddling old \aaid im biack, and a Burgandy giri, evideatiy a Wet nurse, with a large white cap on and her mother’s cros# upon ler boson, intended as a talisman—the cross of course. Uld Maid—Do you want a “correspondance?” Nurse—What is tac? Old Maid (employing the elliptic form—)A corres- ponlance isa thing taken When one waulsto go somewhere else. Nurse—In that case 1 do not want it, as [do not wish to go anywhere, having business where Iam oing to. ‘This haliucination—for I cannot style it an el tion—appeared to satisfy all parties bul iy» I got out. The Suppression of Workmen’s Lirrets- Taxes—Uenri Rechefort and is Uundie wyeThe Government Threat Over ia The Health of the Kmperor—His Untiring Acti:ity—The Princess Bacciochi’s Souve- nirs. Pants, March 27, 1909. The event of this week in political circles is the suppression of a regulation made under tha empire compelling every Worknian to show up when called for a small book in which his name, birthplace and a5 mune 4s possible of alt his precedents were faith. fully recorded, These books, called livrets, were a terrible grievance, and justly so; they established besides a caste between the working classes and the bourgeoisie which the Emperor, with his usaal saga- city, perceived would become a source of contention and rancor if not anticipated before the elections, and consequently presided at the Council of State on the 24d instant, on which occasion he advocated the suppression of the system of workmen books, The measure taken 19 certainly nov one of the smallest evidences of that Napoieonte policy which ever consists in dealing out concessions im order to secure favor in times of pubdiic agitation, A second concession 1s that of the suppression of taxes to all whose house rent does not exceed 400f, ‘Those sudden suppressions prove the truth of an observation forwarded to you in a recent corres. ponJence—namely, that the Emperor is more than usualiy anxious to prepare a new era for the accos- on of his son to the throne of France; tint, mo the tumult caused by pubite meetings and the jon Wade by public speakers have been a warning. Never havo Parisiias read 60 much ag . has become a3 indisponsavie unto them to take the evening papers as to purchase the weekly Clocha, of which the editor, by the way, Louis Ulbach, 8 sentenced to six months’ imprisonment. The rumor is still credited thas Henri rochefort proj 4 to become a ca te for a seit in the As- somoly, and the goveran have taken the trouble to recall unto electors that M. Rochefort, even if nominated, will be pat into prison for two years and a half. His friends strongly advise him to remain Where he is, unless he, indeed, prefer prison walls in France out of patriotiam to liberty abroad. It 1s not doubtfal that Rochefort will decide for the latter, Meantime the breach 14 widening between M, Rouhor and the Prefect, ‘Tho latter has lett Paris for a short slay at Nice, some say to compose the philippic which fe will delivor at the Senate for the purpose of demolishing the Minister of State and of expro- riating all orators of thew mierruptious, It will pe & Vouuble sitting. The Emperor tas of late beon subject to fits of neuralgia, which compel him to take to his bed as goon as they come ov. Taese “migraines” last from four to six hours; during this time the apartments are darkened, siicnce Is enforced around him, but he rises when the intensé pain iy over and applies himself to study, Thus application t# a continual necessity with him; thus he sits fo work as easily in the rotidie of the night as in daytime. | The moment he awakes, ant as long ad he awake, he must be active. Ifhe has had bat one-half hour's or if he has slept four or dye houra tt does not matter; wakefulness ia work; he poate oh ie “wy night as weil, when all are on facalet lust, accom, Ned by M. Jurien do la Grayiere, he went through all the passages which to a who the out watch omen to Fhiuos Bacciocht and be- queathed by her to young ce. An them were the gray coat wora cota aa St. Helena, @ double-barrello! gun, a tri-coior scart wora by him, waen General Bovaparte, on his Visit to those aMlictet with the plague at Jatfa; the spurs whiea Napoleo? wore atthe battle of the Pyra- mids aa nucierous snuilboxes, Oueo tuelaiter had belonged to Louis XVII, and this is how Napoleon became its possessor: When he suddealy returned from Elbe, durmg the memoraie hnndred daya, he 30 surprived Louis AVill. taat, forgetful of everything but hts own safety, he flet from the T leave ing his snambox on his writing table. Napoleon, b) chance Huding it open, pat his forefinger and thum' into it and took a pincn, While enjoying the snuit he fell into an absent fit of thinking and again took a pinch, then took ap the snuifbox, turned it about in his aands, without looking at it—tor he was. meditating Some deep project—and faally slipped 16 into his pocket, Frou that day Napoleon used no other ull tis death, There are also several voluines, one a “Telemachus,” with marginal notes from lis own hand, several vessels in gold and silver, &c. ‘rhe Emperor exa' all these things with evi- deut emotion, and then gave orders to have thea conveyed to his son. GERMANY. The Prussiuo Press on Austrian Intrigues in the Principalities. The Berlin journals pubiish an item of news wiich will not fall to be contested. The charges of com- Pilcity directed against the Prussian government wiih respect to the agitations some montis back on the Lower Danube cannot have been forgotten. Prassia was charged with faraisning arms to the Bal- garian bands of tasurgeuts. At present, M. Ghica- lesca, advocate of the parties implicated, now de- clares by acommunteation imserted in che Romaniul that the cartridges distributed to the men enrolled came from the arsenals of Austria, and bore the im- perial initiais F. J. Lue Correspondence of Berlin, after alluding to the fact, adds: — thout inferring anything, it will not be forgotten that at the momen’ of the formation of the Bu garian bands, the journais of Vienna did not fail to relate that immense numbers. of Prassian inuskets had beea seut into Roumania. Suuin cuique.” PRUSSIA. Ladications of an Approaching War. The Jaternationat of Loadoa, under date of the 23d ultimo, meations that correspondence from Berlin, from autuentic sources, leaves no doudt respecting the miliary precautions now being taken by Prussia. A mobilization of the Landwehr is imminent, and it is added that news received from Paris fully authorizes these steps. In fact, the prevailing con- Viction in official circles In Berlin ts that France ts reparing for an early war; large purchases of jorses are reported, aud ibis even liuted that the general elections wili consequently not take place until July 1, 1869, The Financial Budget of the Nomh German Confederation. The Federal Budget of the North German Confere- ration for 1370 esumates the expenses at 75,998,495 taalers, of which 4,206.389 are under the head of “extraordinary.” The outlay for 1870 will be leas than that of 1509 by 1,742,640 thalers. The supple. ments farnisied to the Department of the Marine out of the funds of the loan of 1867 are only set down for 1870 at the sum Of 1,251,076 thalers, te reserve being exhausted, waile in 1849 the extraordinary supp. ment was 6,145,924. Setting aside the loan, the ©: penses are augmented by 2,155,205 thalers, while the recelj have ioveased but litle. ‘The sum total of the federal receipts is calculated ‘at 50,206,052 thalers. so that a sum of 25,752,443 remains to be covered by the land tax. ‘The total of this last in 1869 Was 23,344,906 thalers only. Industrial Statistics. The Nord Deutscher Correspondent gives the fol- lowing detatis of industry in Pruss'a:—In the year 1867 the number of iron smelting works was 1,211, employing $7,053 workers, and the entre value ol the products was 115,673,643 thalers, These indus. trial establishments prodaced:—Unwronght iron to the value of 19,780,481 thi raw steel-iron, 2 209 thalers; cast iron, 12,¥21,0i4 thalers: bar and ‘rolled iron, 23,267,853 thaiers; sheet iron, 5,810,333 thalers; tron Wire, 2,585,343 thalers, and steel 19,361,574 thaiers, The steel industry tas made enorinous progress in the last few years and Prussia in this branch is now unsurpassed. The celebrated establishinent of Krapp, in Essen, has a world-wide reputation, and seems to have brought the mauufac- ture of steel to the highest at‘atuabie periection, With regard to the retmatning metallic products of Praassia, the respective values of the quantities ob- tained in the saine are) were the following:—silver, 2,758,456 thalera; lead, 4,739,312 thalers; 3,739,440 thalers; brass, 1,269,359 tialers; bars or plates, 7,052,401 thalers; sleet atac, thaiers, FORE'GN MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. The London papers announce the sale of the fur- niture belonging to Madame Rachel, of “veautiful forever” reputation. Among other rarities the list includes @ pair of chandeliers having belouged to Napoleon, a pair of magnificent censers formerly the property of the King of Delhi, &c. The board of directors of the railway from Vienna ty Prague have received a letter trom the treasurer, M, Schaschezky announcing that at the tune of reading bis communication he should have ceased to exist. On an examination of his booxs there was fonnd to exist a deficit of 260,000 Morins, ‘The defaulter hag aot since been heard of, The Fischie/to of Turin caricatures te jate news- paper war between France and Prassia by the fol- jJowing humoristic sketch:—Napoleon and King Wil- liam are represented out shootiag, and because they cannot shoot the hare (the Jidepen tine Belge) vaey come to quarreiliug and blows, “two dogs quarrel- ling for & bone, a turd,” &e., &c. It is reported that Couat de Mensdorif ia commis- sioned to proceed Lo Kone in order to pres@ut the Pope with the Emperor of Austria’s congratulations oa the occasion of the sacertotal yubllee. Anocher version mentions that lie is to arrange a meeting be- tween the Hmperor and (he King of lialy, aud Go rit is stated Lo be the readezvous, The trial of Count Jean Dzlaiynski, accused of high treason, has just been commenced igfore the High Court of Bertin. The Count (a principal pro- prictor in the Grand Duchy of Poses) iad beea cone dlemned to death by default ta 1854 for vaving aided im the inserreetion in the Kingdom of Poland, Le lately surreadered voluntarliy Wo take his trial. The committee of engineers appointed to report on the lnindations of the salt mines of Wiellczka, in Austria, has sent ina statement to the effect that the irruption of water is not of a nature to destroy the imiuea or prevent their working, and that tao forcing pumps lor ciaptylag the pil ave now nearly all set up. Maay rich offerings are in preparation in Rome for presents to the Pope on the event of the sacers dotal juvilee, The commissioa Of hospitaws has @ massive silver missal desk which does credit to oman Workmanstip, It is surmounted by statu- ettes of Saints Peter and Paul, with tae Madonna Imimaecolate in the middie, in a golden niche, the arch of Which 19 set wilh twelve veaatiiul sapphires, The Egyptian Minister of Foreiga Affars has sent a circular to the representatives of foreign Powers announcing that his government has decided that in future tie land tax suid be levied on aii holders of yroperty without regard to nationality. Several of The suis are satd to have combated this determl- nation, which, they assert, is contrary to the Limmunde es accorde:d bo Lieir fellow subjects. The Fisehietto, of Turm, gives tho following carl cature of French policy towards Italy in the Roman question, A member of tic Bouaparte faciily oc- cupies the Papal chair, and ftaly is being forced to his toe by @ Freach gendarme (Napoleon). “the Preach seeder aiiows Italy to go to it wiil be in order ty introdace ter to her new Kom ruaster.!? DEPARTURES OF STEAMSIIIPS, The following foretga and coastwise steamers left (his pore yesterday:— ‘The City of London, Captain Leach, for Liverpoot aud Queenstown, with fifty pasongers and a full cargo of general merchandise. The William Pena, Captain Billinge, for Liver- pool, with twenty-one cabin aad forty-tiree steerage passengers, aud a fair cargo. The Alaska, Captaia Gray, for Catifornia and Obina, with 1.057 tons of assorted merchanalse, 1,025 sengers and $40,090 in specie for Uentval Amer a The Ariadne, Captaia Eldridge, for Texas, touch. ing at Key West, with 235 passengers and @ fall cargo. ‘The Cresent, Captain B. W. Holmes, for New Or Jeans, with Datel ome cabin and euyent steerage pass sengers and a fail cargo of general merchandia The Mariposa, Captain Kemyie, for New 01 + with eight passengers aud a fail cargo of general merchaudize, ‘The De Soto, Captain W. B. Eaton, for New Or. Jeam, calling at avana, with three passengers, hal a cargo and $2,000 in specie, Tae Alabama, Captain Limeburner, for Mobile, with twenty-five passengers and a full cargo of ag. Korled merchandise, " The Manhatiwn, Captain M. 8. Wooduatl, for Charleston ant Florida ports, with thirty-five cabin passengers and three fourts of a cargo. The isaac Beil, Captain H. A, Bours, for Norfolk, City Point and Rieninond, with Uurty-five cabin pas songers and one steerage passenger and a iuil cargo of assorted morchandi ze, A Moprax Lycaetta BongiA.—The Portiand (Me,) Arqus says that an oMcer arrived there on Thursday morning from Boston on the way to Gardiner, Me., having ja castody an old Woman dressed in’ black and paisied by the infirmities of age. Tho charge on which she was arrested ts that of murdering hor husband, Suspicious circumstances arose at the time of his death, aad a post mortem examination Sank oe roved Ci dus] | been ba dy EH wife had previously left the State. He was tho 0 weir several deaths confirm the bel that she Tad polsoued therm all.