The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1869, Page 11

INTEROCEANIO TRANSITS. ‘Their Political History—Efferts of the United States, England, France and the Pope. ‘The following interesting paper has been furnished tous by Dr. Gorham D. Abbot, and is condensed from a chapter of his work now im press, “Mexico and the United States,” ‘THE GREAT “BASTRRN” QUESTION. ‘The struggle of the century in Europe has been for the commerce of the Orient. England, Russia and France have ever been af cross purposes in the Levant. They have never been able to agree in ad- Justing their respective claims. The Bagle, the Lion and the Bear, with mutual jealousies have guarded the passage, which neither is willing the other should enjoy. The question will yet arise whether the Suez canal and the Euphrates Vailey Ratlway, orsome other track shorter and more direct, from jhe Mediterranean to the mouth of the Euphrates, should not be opened to all the world, ona scale eommensurate with the wants and the enterprises of our century, and under the protection. and con- trol of some kind of international commission, charged with the preservation of the rights of all nations, yu THE GREAT “WESTERN? QUESTION. The transit of the American isthmus from the At- lantic to the Pacific, by canal and railroad, has en- gaged for centuries the attention of mankind. Where, when, and how shall these waters be joined, the gateways be opened, on a scale equal to the ‘wants of Europe, Asia and America? ‘The question has received far more the attention of European governments than it has that of our own. The following brief historical sketch may give some idea of the importance attached to this subject by transatlantic powers, and of the political and commercial aspects in which it has been viewed. ce the sixteenth century this American isthmus lon has occupied the attention of the great Powers of Europe, The most eminent statesmen have devoted themselves to the subject. Jefferson ‘and Pitt in the last century, the successive minis- ters of the British government, Louis Philippe, Louis Napoleon and their unrivalled corps of engt- neers, Pope Pio Nono, the savans of Europe (Hum- boldt and others), and the late administrations of our government—Everett, Marcy, Webster and Olay— have directed to it the most marked public and Oficial attention, Many treaties and concessions have been made by the different governments of Mexico and of Central America, with a view to se- cure to foreign governments or to compamies or in- dividuals, at home or abroad, some exclusive rights, or privileges over the great highway. PROPOSED ROUTES FOR CANALS AND RAILROADS. Thero have been at least nineteen different routes proposed for interoceanic communication between the waters of the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean—by Canals, First—The Tehuantepec route, by the Coatzacoal- co river and the bay of La Ventosa. Second—The Honduras route, between that bay and the bay of Fonseca. Tiird—The eight Nicaragua routes—l, By the river Sgn Carlos direct to the Gulf of Mexico. 2 to 6. Four routes, through the lake Nicaragua, by the several rivers ‘connecting the lake with the’ Paciic Ocean—the Nitio, the Sapoa, the San suan del ind the Brito, 5 to 8 The three routes by Lake lanagua, viz., by the river Tamarinda, by the Fn of Leon and the port Realejo, and by the bay of onseca. Fourti—The four Panama routes—1, By the river Chagres and Panama, 2. By the way of Trinidad na Gaymlto, 3. By Navy bay and the rivers Cha-- ay Bonito and Bernardo. 4 By the Gulf of San las and the river Chepo, Fivin—The two Darien tes—1. By the Bay of ledonia and the Gulf ‘of ‘Be San Miguel. by the 2 — Argina, Paya, Tuyra and the Gulf of San Mi- | , Sizth—The three Atrato routes—1. By the river opi! and Cupica bay. 2. By the Truaudo to Kel- ‘einiet. 8, By the Atrato river. There have been at least seven different projects for communication ig ro Pri ‘beige oo route, by the Coaiza- Cl Second—The Honduras to the Gulf of Fonseca, Third—The Nicaragua. Eis etchr 4 Chiriqui to the Dulce Gulf. po oe ‘The Panama, in operation. ‘The Gorgon bay and Realejo. Seventh—The Gorgon bay and San Juan del Sur. A great variety of projects have been put forward from time to time, some of the more important of ‘which are as follows:— THE DECREE OF THR SPANISH CORTES—1614, In 1814 the Spanish Cortes, with such information ps they possessed, passed a decree authorizing the ofa canal across Tehuantepec. The revo- Jutions and contests in Spain and in Mexico, how- ever, absorbed all the attention of both governments many years in other things. In 1825 an associa- was formed in London for the purpose of cut- aship canal across the isthmus of America: R. Pitman published a volume of 230 pages, 12mo, @iving an analysis of ali the information then extant in regard to the subject. He quoted from Dampler Wafer in 1 Sharp and Funnel in 1708; De Ul- oa in 1333; Bawhrds. 1 2700; | Humboldt {n 1803; Walton in 1817; Robinson, in 1840; Hall in. 1822, and Purdy in 1824. | He cited the remark of Humboldt, that “there was no ? at that date “to throw ao on = ee of cutting @ canal across the merica.” The work contains a map Pay ption, of the five routes that had been {oon sugpented-the. ‘Tehuant the Nicaragua, ther Panaina, the Darien and trato. ‘The author says:—“‘It is s especialy ‘within the obli- ns and the power of an gon se ge oer aniject imp impartially, Senctting caceett wo would upon the rest of the world,” and ita “a nvention, under the mediation of the by, which ernment}, with all other maritime nations, hn war and its hideous consequences mon cueeta be forever excluded from that aus anes on the earth’s surfaco which appears desi nee he Oe, Pena eee wo ACTION OF THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT—1845. In 1845 Napoleon Gavella, chief of the royal core of mining engineers, published in Paris a resumé o! ie report to the French government on the a es f the Panama Gol ‘The hig me con 230 map (ts of his ex- , 12mo, with an urate topographical and a'condensed slatement of the results amination of the isthmus, the details of which in the estimates of construction, revenue, &c., bel deposited in the archives of State, ‘The report of of Giavella appeared in the Journal des Dvbats January in 1846 M. Garay = &@ volume in London, of 130 12mo, Sporn pd tables and estimates, based upon the surveys Teports of the scientific commission authorized under hi | ot He claimed ed ghd by the the superior advantages of the juantepec route over mye other in shortening the commercial lines, and in other respects, while — not dufer in a extraordinary degree in any of its dimensions — breadth, de or summit eral , froin similar w already executed in Great Britain, Frauce, or the United States. me eer mdon a mi con- tained the following astisles cA railroad, or tven 6 across the Istim Panama, common ‘would be an invaluabie boon to the cow thi which it passed, and would not be devoid of util to commerce; it it would be immeasurably mfe- rior in importance to a 4 canal between the two ocean ,: C- Be ys nl — a the necessity for gran way for the navigation of the world, * * What is wanted is & maritime channel which hall enable merchant vessels of the largest class to avoid the expense, danger and loas of time incident to doubling © Horn, and to pass irom ocean to ocean without discharging thelr car- or bewg deiayea more than two or three days in the 1sthinus. It would be frvunate if such # canal could be cut through the istimus of Panama (pro- per), Which is but forty-one miles. But the ii mer Boulty of doing tits has been fally Bs by M. sate an engineer who sur ‘wath by_ order of the French government, wana the rena tof whose Niemen we | ia ee in the it des Debats January 15, 1: Bay norning | of ihe Wi want of sumMcient harbors ne chute end Soh ie spate ee a a aan ‘would be requisi ore passage ‘of 1,200 tons bul tn their hd masts socame ing. It wonld have "to bo cut through a solid rphyry rock, Its dimensions woud be about etzht Eines those of the box tunnel, and cavating it, ‘eatlunatod by M, Gavella, enim pene Math notiar short of 7° ines am Scarcely @ doubt remains that the most eligible locality tor Go proposed is the Isthmus of Tohuante) in the Mexican territory. ae true the jand is much wider here than at point irther south, but it presents in.the table land only ‘a8 yet discovered in the extends from Bebring’s Straits to dei Fuego. ‘The total breadth of the eer of pA aad is 140 miles, but the greater part of cnet be occu. pied on the south by lagoons, which could be a converted into & commodious harbor, ia the Coatgacoalco, a river Of great ey wit ting the largest vessels at all seasons of the year, to a distance of thirty-five miles from its nah Tat tude 14 deg. 8 min, north, and ts cay navigabie twenty-five miles fare Tae ‘wenn to be excavated would, therefore, be “put fifty miles long. ‘The bighest point tw be surmounted is 206 «metres, = (218 ee, above the level of the Paeiilo, — and above the At lantic. The ascent aud descent would be emfect. ed by means of 150 locks, Water for feeding the canal can be had in abundance at the summit level, The Mexican government has assigned to the projector of the canal Don José Garay, the fee simple of nearly NEW YORK HERALD; SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1869.—TRIPLE SHEET. a si As ff t i FS é ith i completing the grand olen. co mstances to which, for pecan, wecan do no more than aliude, but it for the establishment in Tehuantepec of a weil organized colony under the pen of land and France, as a matter of v! rat imy ripen a ie ‘Thus early appears the posed alliance of Euro- pope. ies for a foothold in Mexico for pur poses of ‘vital importance,” political, colonial and The e Spectator adds:—“The feasibility of cutting through this neck of land that unites the two Conti- nents of America been so long talked of, and only talked of, that men begin to doubt it. But the thing will be done, and done probably at no distant day. * * Our age is remarkable for the boldness with which it wages war against all obsta- cles of time and space,”? VIEWS AND AIMS OF LOUIS NAPOLEON IN 1846, The canalization of the isthmus was the first to re- ceive a thorough scientific investigation, The honor of the first, most complete examination of the whole subject, in all its bear Bebpd be accorded to Louis Boy While a 5 pres ner at Ham he pre- Lapa an elaborate exposition of the importance, ae practicability and advantages of such a work. His paper occupies eight, , of the 8yo og tion of his works. the follow! brief analysis of its contents will convey some idea of the systematic, ractical and comprehensive manner in which he ted it, An introduction of twelve pages gives an account of the origin and ress of his interest in the subject. Chapter one sets forth the importance of the geo; Pages position of Nicaragua, deemed then to offer the most practicable route, Chapter two, @ description of the piaces in the track of the canal and the nem of the route. Chapter three the dimensions, &c., of the canal. chap r riley estl- mates of the expense of construction. Chapter five, revenues of the canal. The work 1s {ull an tive in its details, descriptions and statistics, as then oes necessary to a complete understanding of 1 project. It appears in his historical sketch, that as early as 1842 eminent persons in Central America invited the prisoner of Ham to America, to identify himself with some public works worthy of his name. He bai aged an officer the French marine to inveati- the possibility of catting a canal between the oO oceans by the lakes of Nicaragua and Leon. About the same time the government of Louis Philippe sent an engineer to survey, make plans and estimates for the same object Panama. In 1844 the States of Guatemala, San Salvador oo Honduras sent a Minister pen avi pent M, tillon, to the Court of Louis Philippe to see! tection and aid of the French governmen! in return rot commercial advantages. ture being declined, M. Castillon obtained per ston to visit the prisoner of Ham and ‘solicited him to go to Central America and place himseif at the head of the enterprise. M. Castillon, learning a perfectly informed the Prince was in to scr hag facts, the geogra- phical and commercial relations, and, indeed, every aspect of the subject, urged = preparation’ of the de: tive paper and pecs In BE ot ‘1846, the government of Nici | sme an act conferring all ergere =p powers upon uis Napoleon to ze 8 com: in Eu on @ scale commensurate with the object of o) @ new route, for the commerce of the world, aad under the honored name of “Canale Napoleone de re ae After of the Prince from Ham and a clana Re pursued the subject with “hg ee the co-operation of uublications and per- indefatigable di capiialists and waesmen sonal efforts oe brin, roject forward are well known. His zeal pres 7 nod his foresight and comprehensive grasp of the importance of the work then, are just beginning to be appreciated by states- men. now. MEMOIR OF LOUIS NAPOLEON ON THE CANAI—1846, Prince Napoleon, in his introduction, says:—“That the union of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans would shorten tne distance between Europe and the west- America and Oceanica three thousand “ ot paper y"the territories through wi ure th Bros aang 1 merchant ships would pass overs, years would hoy avenues for commerce an markets for go yg in short, would hasten by of Chris sanity and ob pk taroughout ¢ tne Wo yor.” “The whole of Central Araarion gang be consiserea asone grand isthmus which separates the Atlantic ee ere eee extending from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Gulf of Darien. It has a coast line of about twelve hundred miles and its area is thousand square Jeagees. almost equal to France. Iw population, three million, so” “Five points intive tien indicated on this part of the American Continent as suitable for the opening ofa ct ane petveon ee M12 coset. The e mi and the fourth and ara the Gulf of Darien. Of these five roy as ate Meg he dismisses the first and the Le apiiss sel if not insurmount tate the other two he maintains ate by ths ver San Juan coh be lake ‘of Ri marie Js Fons that ought New ‘orld a ais as adnirat stated 2A Sons ple, Rag hople ts the sia ot swe Goat ancient world, so city of or Zs Massaya, is the centre of the new. @ canal were prac! le across the ti of land which the Ocean it we command by its central situation all the coasts of North and South America. Like Constantinopie, Massaya is situated between two grand natural harbors, where the largest fleet may ride secure from all attacks. Better stiil than Constantinople, the State of Nicaragua be mad the necessary route for the commerce of world; for tt would be for the United States the shortest route to China and En id and rest part of the a ahem Bal the of a@route which would enable her to coimmun.cate more rapidly with 01 Chi in see ae regon, sions in New Holland, She would find, the recto fevivo of Central America would have the ot ef. ‘o revive the ishing commerce of J other ‘Antilios, and to arrest their p rechn It isa happy comcidence that the polisical and commercial prosperity of the State of Nicaragua is intimately comieuted with the political interests of the nation that is now in possession of :aritime pre- Ponderance. iu is ri e4 i THR rors AND THR ISTOMUS CANAT—J848, In 1848 there was publisied in Paris « small pamphlet, entitled the “Canatization of the Isthmus of Pa and of Panama,” ‘by the brothers of the time evan AS the religious, wilitary aad in- dustrial order of Saint Pie.” The frontispiece represents the Pope offering vie his right hand a scroll, with the Keys of St. Peter, to Burope, and with his jeft hand polnung to the In- o- Mexioan and African races of America. The ‘Aller, noldate dn Christ, et pleins de confiance, Mais toner serletnks sen teeterneaes' al ‘once ca cgi la Liberte. the New M Worlds aud looked upon ever since ‘vith which humanity coud benefaction z jutged tm as sotence di ‘8 work hon elevate hersct 16 the $ Jn our days, after the studies made Tecogn ined lat possible, and i 3 zi - i ia i a i ie i j i i = =. ‘ i se Pe enterprise, md peo Tvcceasenyy shaniorsonat Iudustriai, under" the “auspices vanity Newards such high The Kies | genius nich bya = rtroke, has ‘Chureh” the inoral influence bet shale wont to exercise in all tos iy ‘weil aa upow men, bas naturally ‘fesignated pe ope ite an as #6 of ite most himble but also one of ite most fervent Irarm, Who) itke & new Moses, je destined to open to hi manity the at sot unknown to it, which conduct {to # glorious future. Tn his exposition reber wed plan the Marquia says:— Let wa suppone Peis were established fn that ad- mirable country while ie trom the borders of the Cont: wou ie i H he Se ee Ae ast teat if i flit Hl i i g al ll ell i z even Rome ae i more alive, more cater @ matter of vital interest In 1850 that pe erage treaty, the Bulwer treaty, was made at contains mauy valuable features, tt is incomprehen- sible how some of its stipulations could have been sanctioned by our pihencten perry THE CLAYTON-BULWER TREATY, 1850, APRIL 19, 1850,—‘*The Clayton-Bulwer treaty” says that “her Britannic Majesty and the United ; tates of pores Cin ry eee at = Socineronnd amt 80 e oy and fi in 5 comencion’ their’ views and inten- tions with reference to any means of foowprairgod tion by ship canal which may be constructed be- tween the ‘Atlantic anda rss Pacitic oceans, by the way of the St. Juan river,”” Article 1 declares that ni ke the one nor the other will ever obtain or maintain for itself any exclusive control over the sald ship canal; agreeing that neither will ever erect or maintain auy fortifications commanding the sameor in the vicinity thereof, nor occupy nor fortify nor colonize nor as- sume or exercise any dominion over Ni ‘Costa Rico, the Mosquito coast or any part of Cent ‘America. Nor will either make use of any protection which elther affords or may afford, or any alliance which either has or may have to do with any State or people, for the purpose of a or maintaining any such fortiteations, or of occupying, fortlty- {ng ot colonizing Nicaragua, Costa’ Rico, the ruito count or any part of Central Am rie, 0 or of assuming or or exerciing jomiaion over the same, will Great in or Dulled Staten take advehtege of” any intimacy Or tse any i allinuce, connection or induenge that efther may wit y State or governi whose ‘eamtal eas for ee parpose of sonia agra di- feetly or ladtrect! iP age ubjects Or oltfzens of the dno, any Hghts or advantages in to commerce or nav! tion through the sald canal wien abail not be offered on, same terms to the subjects or citizens af the other. Sul the French government, of fv its nt, M. Belly, secured the Convention of lay 1, 1858, wi with the republics of Nicaragu: Coste Rica, ‘This convention was submitted to the British gov. eo, and received the following py from Lord Malmesbury, referring to the Olay n-Bulwer” treaty: — A letter addressed to M. Pelix Belly by Lord b page th her Britannic Majesty’s Minister for For- — FOREIGN OFFIC MonstzuR—I havo the honor to acknow! your letter of May 1, containing » copy of the treaty con- cluded between yourself and nts of the republics of Nicaraugs ad Costa, Rica fo for the conatruction of ame ipulatio: en- April 1 eable to ne | Plata thane = a Te a THB MEXICAN SCIENTIFIO EXPEDITION, BY LOUIS NA- POLEON, 1864, In February, 1864, the near Napoleon, by im- perial decree, instituted a commission, chai with Perentife expedition, for researches in Mexico, con- sisting of twenty-five members, The Minister of Pablic Instruction was president, M. Quatre! vice sony eee among the members shal Vaillant, Baron G Michel Chevalier, M. Milne Edwards and rs, mostly acres of the Institute and “ast ished in varions departments of science. ‘he expedition was oe in its various sections to make complete haa of Mexico and the Bordering territor! ct to physical geogra- phy. hy. Seclouloal. muieral meteorological and characterist different races, their monuments histor; ran ‘The survey was to extend from the sources of the Rio del Norte and Rio Colo- rado to the extremity of the Isthmus of Darien, and from the Pacific Ocean to the basin of the Rio del Norte, inclusive. There were “four committees, or sections, 1, On natural and medical sciences; Milne Edwards, pi bo 2 On physical and medical sciences; ‘Marshal ‘allint, president. 3%. On history, language and Sonne Baron Gros, president, 4, On Sotitteal economy, statistics, A yp es works and admuinistra- tive questions; Michel Chevalier, president. In addition to the sere there were thirty corre- sponding mem! Among them were Leon, Minis- ter of State of the empire of Maximilian; Ramurez, Minister of Foreign Affairs; the Archbishop of Guate- malig, and others wisely selected in Havana, Panama, Mexico. a and other prominent places. The most am- ple provision for the personnei and the generat ex- pedition were made, and all the instructions and preparations for the work on a scale — both of the subject and the author of the un- dertaking. In their first report to the Emperor the commission gay:—* Sixty-six years forty thousand of the bravest soldiers in the world and our most glorious Alexandria. vans also, in their ‘ade tee cosgueat of In wi Eg rending the vell which for fifteen centuries ‘shrouded its ancient civilization. The researches of the Institute of Cairo and the publication of the great work, ‘The Description of pt,’ revived ar- b gree science in Europe.” * ° * such recollections, your has acaired that , was asia Mned the ae of e Nile should peated xico under the of Napoleon III, The report, which is fe two volumes, contains an ‘sccount of the official acts of the commission, and tl i a eggs committees, and the results they ‘The whole project—the the appoint- me the em ~ | dagel = ‘ac of the Im} mind that plann¢ it; and the results am two volume are only on earnest and id rand contribution to science pat bo oun ve received had the plan been THR AMERICAN~ASIATIO SOCIETY — It had long been known that ite Asiatic and the Geograp! of France, Ger- many and other iad given to tia arf caas coates oni Gana Saeeeeel that courts and cabinets, in connection the researches of eminent men of science, statesmen and [rence yp eae ore gg an amount of [nee thee genel known in this country. it deserved and led abroad. The knowledge attained, imterest manifested and the policy pursued aro one administration of our vernment, was not followed Ay by its successor. American-Asiatic hen under the presidency of bier oa! FP. B. for a long period quietly in: the subject, in its relation to the future of our and our commerce. Impressed with a one © sense of the Upper intrinsic national and importance of the “Miadie Soa oe ite geographical relations to the commerce of the world, the society = ae aaa vector poomimunioa! m wo appropriate action of our Sees = opened correspondence with @ number of oy ipaviduais in Europe. The society vor portant 4 by honored trtne COMMUNICATION OF THF AMERICAN-ASIATIC SOCTETY ‘TO THE GOVERNMENT OF TAK UNITED STATES—1560, New York, Jan. Pe ag ig” = Exceliency ANDREW JOUXSON, President ted States :— Daa sin Ain time when every patriot te stadying with interest the indinence oF diplomacy upon the peace and well bel oaks of our ‘country, when evacy ove it watching with anxiety the unfol of of European: tone toraras toe iid ate a nd Western Con- inent, I am confident individual a for thetr cole the: ‘weitere we of our own country, but of the will not be consitered Fig -4 Exoellongy se wholly um ‘of yur attention. in aper some valuable Intervention in Mexico, few minutes of your val yiows to you. Tam sure you will not consider my request for him nor hia one as \mperinens or obtrusive, With profound res} your obedient serv: SAMUEL F. B. MORSE. The pepece and statements submitted to the Presi- dent, had reference to various historic facts and con- nected views, respecting the past and present rela- Pa oor aen the government and the peopie of ha as and the governments and the pie ont Russia, of Great Britain and of other saci’ tig Ee = P| character in them- selves to of friendly international bee oN TO CONGRESS, 1866, AOATION Nt Tn furtherance of these views and objects the adoption of the followi 0 Senate agreed to and ordered to the reso- Ache ad the House, which were prin wane 1, = Mr. Danks submitted the following ‘TRANSIT prone THR ISTHMUS OF PANAMA, OF NICARA- TREO. au. LOND ‘TRHUAN’ evtia thar iba Som mms. Soo on on Foreigh Alfa, bef by Toretgn gprernimeots bee — the x] in the interests of rival “oe By ‘of the routes or franchises for “8 transite rts mus of an Lore of mine ag hasan ibe ferent of the Unitelt Stator to take to secure the of Ameri- Bonne ET ch eanett routes, committee be authorized and eupewered to send for pereona ana Papers, and to Lake such measures ae tiy'tacts forthe faformation of the goveramens and people ty facts for Whe ta ‘Of the government and peop! Tn the Senate Mr, Cameron submitted the follow- ing, whieh we be os) considered by unanimous consent, agreed to an precomer to be printed: — Resolved, That thy Gommnitice on Foreigs Rotations be in- structed to et hsae ipto , Lye ‘onion the ae te in respect & the dest mooarchical goverasont oad ions upon the people at Anat thie Oontinedi, and Wht wetlony If an raiment fbould take to heer! tha inevitable consequences of the fur: ther prosecution of such. and to maintain for selves our neh Mt ob- ea ae horised 8nd empow. ent and hereafter pi erninents and people of other lauds, LBTTER TO COUNT WALEWSKY, gen er emetene RES Low! Walewsky:— >: ee As President of the Amertean-Asiatio Society Ihave been Freq at a meeting of its members to be the bearer of a French, on aubject believe to be of th yt in deet tanpertanee he United fand to the world at large, | It iamy ‘uonon to ish Porta for the this memorial inthe early part of July Perersecking *T dems it but a pro urtesy to-.apprise Egil Exeellency of this fbtcation, ‘which haa for ltsvbject the well being of the whole "in J uly Professor Morse arrived in Paris, and in njed was joined there by another delegate from the Rev. Dr, John Forsyth, who had been appot nted.with ‘Dre ¥. H. Champiin, to assist in the presentation abroad of the great object of their ‘The following is th® memorial ‘presented to the Emperor Napoleon:— ~ MEMORIAL OF THF AMERICAN-ASIATIO BOCIFTY. ‘Es Imperial Majesty NaPoLzoN ILL, Emperor of France, The American-Astatic Society would respectfully memorial- ‘our Imperial May ‘exert the great power which ne Providence bas placed in your hands, with a view to induce the maritime nations of both heafspheres to e: sider the necessity of an alliance for opening grant fntorna. tonal avenues of commerce mis of Cen tral Amerion and Asiatte Turkey: “As one top towards (hts end, and as a means o} simultaneous action on the American and the Astatio isthmus, your memorialiats would briefly present to your Majesty's suggestive mind the idea of a scientific congress, In which all partles interested should be resented, and which should be held in Paris during tie Exposition Universelle of 1667, ‘Through a. comuslasion pointed by your Majesty an invitation could be and the science of the several countries ftcrestod ‘to send, Sepreacuitatives 10 dncune: certain closely related questions of worldwide ‘mportance—e. g., such as the gupediency of u new International code jonal coftiage and of weights aud measures, of sanataria and the prevention of peatilence, the development of the precious metals, of steamers tw mercial aoa go oe ew tcunk lines which pet ys to > de Yelop the resources of countries Ike Arabia and astern Ktrita, which, Tat oa oy wealth, are now lost to com- merce and civilization, ‘The governments of France and of the United States, as well as others, would be thus aided by se combined sctence of eore ae and grein in ascertainin; moat needed, its special objecta and ow it can best be accomplished. At the same time the way ared for an amicable and janent adjustment a all Nie int cerned Eastern question, and or ort Wetera quewta question ‘com: ntral Ameri ctiony on, the basis of making the grand Bealy treet sit uationss Placing them tinder the control of international companies. it ‘ways perfectly thie a should not Pe fe Ton ible, of ave reason to salen that the most impor we hi o ieee toplon hare already engnged Majesty's attention, Zour memorialisia would respectfully suggest that the views Jour, Majesty, communicated in some appropriate wa Would be of the ufmost moment in asetatin ng to realize the 0 Jects set forth briety in this memorial, The reports and re- Sommendations of such @ convention as is proposed, em- bodied in a memorial to the governments of Europe and America, would prepare the way for an internaizonal con- {frems clotted with power to nct upon the mbjects referrod to -Aulatio Society would therefore respect: fully suggest, as a preliminary to such international co-o tion, ‘a selentific Congress, Or convention, constituted and meeting a9 abore and under the presidency of your gy ‘only motive which prompts your memorialists to ap- proach bar ta Imperial Majest) th in this request is our earnest desire to, advance the glory of France and America, and the enduring welfare of humaait IY MUEL F. B. MORSE, Prostdent of f American Boclety, Tuomas F, ee re aeoy _ EPLY 70 THE MEMORTAL. ‘The following is & translation of the reply to the Memorial addressed to the president of the society by Baron Moustier:— Pants, Jan. 97. 1887, MINISTRE DEB AFFAIRES ETRANGERES, CALINET:— Sr__In the name of the Emperor I am to express to you interest he has found.in the remarkable memorial. yo have addressed to him. His dis Majesty bas examined it with the attention it deserves, and is pleased to recognize all the Merit of the project and'of the ideas which are therein de- veloped. But in view of the various preoccapations of the present moment and of the activity in which vie Exposition of 1867 wili engross all minds, tt 1s f the that the sclentific congreas which Present have itue chance Fal ay me eperfect y matured, the plan you coma ge oxnibited hs hs not yet all ithe pression ‘and completes desirable in oe secure at to vorable pete mnie it ag 8 sir, lathe reply thas charges me to —r OU, expressiny of success, at later bere in An fier idea for Pia moreover: b ry be bas the Migheat sym 4 reove pathy Tavail bee arep of this opportunity to beg to receive the most distinguished consideration assurance of ee ioe ‘STIER. POLICY OF THE UNITED STATE! There are three ways in which this g reat object can be accomplished— First—By means of private companies or cor- porations. Second—By some single nation. Third—By & combination of the leading maritime and commercial Powers. The a and eee involved in the oF ray AG and in the “Convention of views and alms of the two it to forestall any as- Rivas” aoe plainly the governments which thus cendancy on the Famiberd the United States over the great American transit. All the world knows the course of the same governments to forestall each other and afl other nations in an undue ascendancy over the Eastern transit by the way of the Isthmus of Suez Canal and the Euphrates Valiey Raiiw: The ce will Feld be considered wi bat land o1 both united, have the direction and control of "he “highway of the kings of the East,” which for « millennium, was the at thoroughfare for the commerce of the Old orld. A direct railway from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf, under the ‘orate of the lead. ing commercial nations, would reopen the commerce the Orient on @ — that would make a the past ror tng the Mediter: only a Reed of things to come.”* The world’s hi jerusalem, to management sud control of the e Brute from The Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Guif, and its grand complement, the Transit of the American isthmus, to “the brothers of the maritime company of the reli; mili and industrial Plus 1X.- The patrimony of the then bey jus IX. we n not only the keys and of Peter, but the keys and golden gates of the commerce of the world. ‘The Astatic Society has sought to secure the pro- per action of ourown and coe vernments to luce these great interests and rises on the Rooting they ae to occupy. i kind or form of or plorsion aoa and survey, if maerictions sealate: of ex h Of COI mance and m: —_ Some bad be devised tnat would insure, it can, the rights and interests of feations an — yr bless. ings to mankind. If there be ts that intercourse of nations which the physical cumstances of the globe it to the eni the opent: freo and easy access of | nations, of that which, in some sense, bel $ tne race elda'in ite mistory the hopes ad OPPOSITE THE BIBLE HOUSE.—AN erican Protestant woman in a small 40 4TH AY., ccok, wiibout wathtng oma keuinge Gall from to S reise ke baie wd NTH sT.—A COOK; ih ie hn ge ag fed neqend) competent to for & boarding house 89 won Ort ref "oan be en ehies: “Sy Feterencs” 4Q NEST TH st—A RESPECTABLE PRoTRAT. ] ant woman as first class cook in a private fami ba yh cooking in all | ing and mes gn al in oranches: boning and larding D PLAIN 150 mi took or jaund: sTOUNG WOMAN Af GooD PLAIN HTH ST., REAR BUTLDIXG te cha Nora 6— 582 Roerie cent Won Wen ons: ‘H ST., BETWEEN 1H AND 8TH AVB..A8 me class cook si ben che family; no iSite ne 20s weet ST. wean SISRCEES, ~~ m Pcct aloo young womas to do chamber work toa a an abot prefers steady place to high ST.A_ WE! pen GIRL TO DO _cooking oF general 42% z Ad St, BAR 1st re THIRD a Gita 5 homaerers gama res RRNCR, WOMAN—AS FIRE? CLASS COOK from Paria; understands ail Kinds pala aad ssaey apt addres Geen “s RAST IEP st. IN THE TAILOR STORE.— AN oaks toaag tom ung Woman ae oo vonaty ved house or hotel tu city or country ; boat 100 Fast eerenees 195 THRI poons rs FROM BLERCK bien onreal fra French part of Switzer! ind as cham! a8 Aurse; good references. 761 WastttNaton 8T., SECOND FLOOR, PACK ta Ty ron. do chamberwork ‘and take ene Eitan ee oe, Call for two days. Dressmakers and Seamatresses. iG 8. ia rating CHILDREN'S AND INFANTS « ) garmenta, HH | go sens stone of Guts al Gall'oh or address . 599 Dressmakers and Seametresses. worked in first class = Tani 9 VARICK 8T.—A alae famines THAT HAS een WEST 46TH ST.—A COMPETENT DRYSSMAKER 148 wants work by day or week, Good reference, 240 Ress cloakmaker wish Rene aye go out sewing = families; understands sewing on Wheeler & Wilson's General Housework, &c. 19 CARROLD, PLACE (BLEECKER @P—A_ RE: es girl to do general housework in a private 46TH 8T., FIRST egy) YOUNG 119 in, fenerl be housework in a private family; Rane 85TH ST., BETWEEN 2D AND 3D Ava As firet clas walter {1 ty edt on niga GA 226% WEST 22D Lit i Sera 7TH ee a) ge Kitchen wor Good pelaeaan 237 OF Ss WES? HTH §T—A RESPECTABLE WOMAN to do general housework; elty and country refer- ence. 428 EAST 96TH ST. CORNER 1ST AV., SECOND 440) floor, front room.”-A wilow woman with a child to do general housework in a private family; will work for low wages. WEST 25TH ST.-A YOUNG SCOTCH GIRL AS Vet lsundress or do general housework, Housekeepers, &c. 16 BOND ST.-AN AMERICAN LADY AS HOUSE. Lp 4 or any other position of trust; hose concerned her especial cai # Mra, Cornell, 5 good references 137 WEST 1 TH 8T.—AN frente g WOMAN AS Rpmekeores or nurse to an inval rience and not afraid to work ; best. aren fon PROTESTANT to the country. Call on or address D. E. A 886 STH, Av MIDDLE AGED, widow lady as honsekeeper in a'widower's family or ® boarding house, or would go South, Call on or address Mrs. W., from 11 till'5 o'clock, BROADWAY, ROOM 14.HOUSEKEEPER'S position desired in genteel household by an intelli gent and excellent lady; s superior house manager; high ref erences given and required jtriflers not noticed. Addrees A. A A YOUNG WIDOW (AMERICAN) WOULD LIKE THE Position of housekeeper to a widower without children. Address Mra, Louise Percy, station C. inves ape OF RESPECTABILITY AND INTELLI- ce wishes asituation as housekeeper; would take charge of ‘of el ebfidren or do the work of the family if small; no ldress to the country if a comfortable home can be offered, dress E. M. C., Herald oflee, for two days. a hotel or Teanlane hoyae a menial brewed ahe days 0.8. Ley Heral ‘ANTED—BY A ; would accept any other position ay realize a home; no objection to pelonable references. ‘Address for three WIDOW LADY, A SITUATION AS housekeeper in a widower's family; references iven; location and surroundings muat be class. Ad- dress Mrs. E., bor 2,80 New York Post oilice. Nucres, &e. NORTH MOORE &T., HOTEL OF PRANCE.—A YOUNG & Ma lady as wet nurse. Call from 10 A.M. tll? woman wishes a baby to wet nurse at her residence. 6 204. G THOMPSON et., CHILDREN'S NURSERY—A prrpectatle youn American woman as wet nurse; ‘wages @16, in a good fam! WEST 51TH ST., REAR HOUSE.—A YOUNG m2 EAST 19TH 8T., NEAR 8D AV.—A YOUNG Woman ag nurse and seamstress; would travel with & family elther to Europe or California; te competent to take care of a child from its Infancy ; has the best of city reference has lived fp her Inst place thres years; can be seen as above. 4.() WEST 15TH ST, SECOND FLOOR.—A RESPECT. able woman wishes to take charge of a baby or ‘wait on an invalid lady, Best reference gi 2G] BAST TH St, BETWEEN 2p AND gD AVS— Arespectable German girl as nuree and seamnrcas in an American family only; can do chamberwork, rear SITUATION, BY r Yi susT arrived from Tretend, as assistant st arcane vision store, who will make himself generally useful; salecy Bot so much an object as 8 permancal situation, oe -ANTED—BY J A YOUNG MAN WHO HAS HAD TEN PA ford expasiance, 8 its situation ae {hap in a hoe or clase restaurant; eatisfact ference given. Ad- dress Bartender, Herald office, ted CLERKS ‘AND SALESWEN, ss CCOUNTS INVESTIGATED, BATANOED AND josed, Acconntant, box 2,618 Post RESPECTABLE YOUNG MAN DESIRES A StTUA- tion in a wholesale hovse as bookkeeper, assistant or Clerk, ‘Address C. A. P., box 3,533 Post oflce, A. XOUNG MAN, WHO CAN GIVE THE BROT cIre reference, wants a place as clerk ina store to learn the business; wages ho object. Address L. W, Herald alice, MIDDLE AGED MAN, THOROUGHLY COMPETENT and responsible, desires a situation as bookkeeper or salesman in a hat, cap or fur establishment; best city refer= ences. Address Robert & Cushinan, 54 Mercer st. STRONG, ACTIVE YOUNG MAN, EXCELLENT penman ‘and bookkeeper, wants any ‘kind of empl nent; wages moderate; can find security. Address W. Weds Sy 465 Sixth avenue, store. A YOUNG MAN OF GOOD ADDRESS AND WITH recommendations from, present employers, would like to Negotiate with some good house having a Western trade as travelling saleaman, either on commission or galary. Ad+ dress H., box 2,008 New York Post office. OOKKEEPER WANTED--IN A . WHOLESALE LIQUOR house ;one acquainted with the business preferred. dress, with references, experience and expectations as to ary, G. & 8., Herald oflee. OOKKEEPER WANTED—IN A MANUFACTURING and mercantile establishment. Apply in your own iegeecene my ving references, aga, &o~ and state amount of B. & HL, Heri TERUG CLERK, WANTED.—A YOUNG MAN THOR oughly competent, with good city reference; take care at Hoboken ferry for West Hoboken, store, Palisade av., near Warren st. ppiy at Gayuor's drug FICIENT @ALESMEN WILL FIND PERMANENT ‘and profitable employment through the anspices of the National Art Assoctation, 561 6ih av., corner &3d st. "No eme ployment agency. RAVELLING SALESMEN—WHO ARE TRAVELLING now or expect to soon, will hear of something to thelr advantage by addressing anker and Broker, Herald ofice, 0 DRUGGISTS,A_ COMPETENT YOUNG MAN wants a situation ax clerk; salary not so much an object. Address 8., box 183 Herald ollice. TENEER SALESMAN—WANTED, A FIRST man, who thoroughl understands the business; mi be a person of fine ad: and a good ealesman. Ad- dress, with references and amount of salary expected, R. We G., box 3,888 Post office, ‘ANTED—ONE OR TWO SALESMEN WHO HAVE ‘an establistied trade in notions, hoatery and white goods, ply to or address Wilson, Yale & Staats, 399 Broadway. ANTED—A FIRSP CLASS TRAVELLING SALES- man for an established manufacturing paint house. sian, qrith terms, capability, references, Se Gy Lox 175 ferald office. ‘ANTED—A_ YOUNG MAN WHO WRITES A GOOD hand, quick at figures, as assistant cashier in a retail store in Broadway. Address Franklin, Heraid ofice, stating salary and reference. ae Pe —* cildren, do a YOUNG me prenad ecare of children, do plain sewing an with the up stairs work ; best city reference. . . 319 WEST 92D ST., HER PRESENT EMPLOYER'S.— A young won womal aii going to California would undertake the eare of chi id wait on a Indy; can speak French an ‘and understands English fs accustomed rayel 4. QQ WEST ST ST., BETWEEN OTH AND 10TH AVS.— young gir tako care of children andhelp. with the housework all for two days, FRENCH WOMAN AS WET NURSE. ADDRESS French, Herald office, Laundresses, &c. 7 WEST TH ST, NEAR 1TH AV.—4 YOUNG girtas laundress; understands her business; good city reference from her last ‘ANTED—TWO FIRST CLASS SPICE SALESMEN by an old established spice house; one to travel for Sonthera and one for Eastern and Western trade. Address 120 South Front st., Philadelphia, V TANTED—A CLERK, emtgs pe a. THE Cre ponerse Ed agen references, experience ex es Bethoderato, R., box 133 Herala oulec. sey spe: ‘ANTED—A TRAVELLING SALESMAN ACQUAINTED ‘business; mane have « _COACIIMEN AND _ "GARDENERS, oe FIRST CLASS GARDENER, MARRIED, WANTS A aitantion as gardener; he understands gardening in all a ee lence. Address, for one week, ‘Wayne st., Jersey City. Q4G WEST, STH St. IN THE REAR—A RESPECT. able woman wants two or three days’ washing ina first class family; capable of doing any kind of housework; best clty reference. os OF MANY YEARS’ EXPERIFFCE @ situation; is a frst groom and driver; fas the best city reference. Address Cozchman, box 233 Herald office. man wishes to go out by the day washing and doing housework, Wattresses, &c. WEST 48TH @T., BETWEEN 6TH AND 1TH ava.—Aa first class waitress; thoroughly understands business; very best city reference. THOMPSON 8T.—AN AMERICAN WOMAN WITH UO achtd,2 years old, ine mall family; wages no 533 8D AV., FIRST ELOOR.—A RESPECTABLE WO- Vode general i41s “YOUNG GERMAN LADY, WHOSE PRESENT EN. ‘expires on of next month, wis pt Eanes ¢ sive connor, house or to instruct cl ia musi Mdiwork and German ; references desired. Address 3 EJ. Any ihe MAN WISHES A SITUATION AS COACH. man; in ‘or * reference from last employer. on or address J. ‘12th at. Warten sr J a ‘4 mermce ancl MARRIED MAN, A gardener ; andorstands ‘nis bustnese in alls branches; ‘ag from Eng- Widressd Hy a care of M1. yohn Eyes, 3 weap Hy Oa : Bridgeport, Co: 2 WASTEDIA COACHMAN'S SITUATION, BY aman MAR. ried man (English) ; is first class and avery best famnties in city, wil has been living in some of the an ve seen at G81 2d av., or ad- come highly recom: ______ HELP WANTED—MALES. A. CWAXTED—4 MEN FOR STORES, $15 PER WERE, sparrftere, clerks, bollectors, salcsmnt, 2 watchmen, Porters, Immediate employment. HEALY'S, 515 Broadway. N INTELLIGENT AND REFINED WIDOW LADY IN middie ife; thrown on her own resources and a stranger in thi oh to obtain the charge of re- cle genie howe no objections to ® Shdowers Temi, porte the’ eousiry: Address’ Stranger Union square Post office. AB BOunren, poers & eae DESIRES AN ENGAGE- as companion and to help the lady. in housekeen- n'a private family; is 0 ‘and of cheerful disposi. ton; pra ml ‘hot. so. much ‘an object a8 a pleseant home. Address Ida, Herald office. QITUATION WANTED—BY fancy goods or other establishment furn ‘Address Mise M. 8. W., station P, [SITING ‘GOVERNESS, A Lit gan nae, EDU- cated in Paris, desires imum ga qualifica- pay French thoroughly), music and Mite Ena branches; -ANTED—BY AN AMERICAN LADY “OF family or near relatives, « sitant! Sm com: paces to fave. {ares for one ‘weak Mr man, Jersey City Post oillice. ‘ANTED—A POSITION AS LADY'S COMPANION OR nursery go! ® young la’ trrated aa ove of the the family, Kadress Companion, Herald dna Wa | A YOUNG cog In A pest references HELP WANTED—FEMALES, Sree SEWERS AND TRIMMERS WANTED—AT Ss" HIRT CUTTER.—ANY LADY WHO UNDERSTANDS go ndirese Snir and . Herald oftce. of ebirts measure ANTED—SE" EVERAL | FIRST CLASS LADIES SHOE- cutters, at 27 Park row. ‘ANTED—A por LADY TO WORE on BPACE- “ing and bla 4 Dey at, PI TANTED—A GO GOOD COOK FOR A LUxor counts man. Apply immediately at 1,363 Bro: ANTED—A THOROUGH WASHER AND. IRON to qasiet in chamberwork. Cail at 66 West Lith s ‘ANTED-STRAW, HAIR AND FANCY BRAID WV sewers. Apply ‘at 98 and 95 Gh av., up stairs, ATTATLONS, So BROADWAY, OF OFFICE 0. a. NO. 8 Wanted, clerks, fp grocery house ; 8 colored porters. th yn AGENTS WANTED—TO SELt Te. DIAMOND writer for metaln; sed iore." Large prose ‘and quick sales. Apply Wis ‘Maiden Ed a orgs WANTED. MUST WRITE A GOOD ad: preferred who wants a good home. rt todays Inquire of Hi. Gooly VT New A BARE, CHANCE FOR GOOD MEN a SELL A 2 wanted dare sat beneaes place tm ihe lane. ‘Froata Tomaeaee 4 Fapld. “For, fall particulars call on \dreas Charles Me B ortiandt street, room 10, tilra'toon can weeks ‘Send for car enesian. Addreas Rushton & Co., Mehera, 219 Dock street, Philadelphia. pab- OY bi cccogerg bad WRITE A GOOD HAND AND Bee oo : to Theodore Ritter, Bora, New York Post o1 TED—ABOUT 14 yEaRs OF AGE, IN THR OFostand eeationery basiness, “Apply ot $6 8uh ar, Must be intelligent and willing to work. AD WANTED-TO, Zot OF, ERRAKDS IN A. BROS LJ der's office ; fits Pontos: ; must reside parents, Address a vor bea WANTED-T0 GET UP ROUTES ON THR M®EvEMNGTELEORAM. First come Grstecrvod. “Ape ply at 00 Ann street, Ms, WANTED—TO CUT PAPER COLLARS. NONB ‘but ane hand need apply, between 9 and 10 o'clock, at 114 Centre at., New York. x’ AN OFFICE; SALARY FIRST ar de pinay ak, Address, in own handwriting, box 3,088 WAnTED IMMEDIATELY—A 0c COOK AND A CHAM. to speak Italian or Spanish. Apply to Mr, Bonanno, South st wr IMMEDIATELY_EXPERIENCED, Hanns | | rate etna nnEY & BRO.’ WVANTED—A GIRL TO DO GENERAL HOUSEWORK; waaher and ioner and bare ORR EE “BOY ANTED—BY TINKHAM, BROWN & Usa eae MARINE Rater tyre Coinn te ‘siaruati for thin Fogg oo branch of the who have been hon ably ae ik eases hing avente, Brockiyay N. ¥. ake ech Rhy My BOY, ADDR IN HAND. wa of applicant, box 5,323 Post ofllce. ne ‘must be elty reference, Ca “Gitater Wrorelock A. M. ws NTE! b TO COOK, WASH AND TR if AED ib SIN ‘the. lower part of the house. Ap: Mo vascmont door of 240 West 1ith st. ef Waste GIRY, TO DQ GENERAL HOUSEWORK {in cook, goo! washer and froner hate the best clip referencen. Apply at 46) West 'ANTED—A GIRL FOR 6 NERAL HOUSEWOR: ‘Tuist be a good cook, washer and ironor, Apply at nd RESPECTABLE GIRL TO Do, CHAM. aye rere aa mace be ‘® good laundress, at 40 Wi NTED—A NURSE AND SRAMBTRI WITH A a reference. Apply betwoen 10 lati W* ree re ANTED—SEVERAL LADIES TO WORK ON WHITE goods, fe house. V mand out fi SDROWN & CO., 109 Duane st, ERAL INTELLIGENT, ENERGETIO Were cen “and. steady, eee ease eniployment by ap- plying at 88 Mercer at., Bilipt WANTED two GIRLS; ORE TO COOK, WASH AND fron; the other to do Ain! ‘and housework. Apply before 10 o'elock at 165 West doth a ANTRD—A PROTESTANT GIRL FOR OF V housework a short distance tn the country, for a fam- fiy of three persons. Inquire at 328 West #t, y ANTED—A soune GaMOMAN, rit FIRST Cuags Jaundrese and plain con h or American. y, with references, between ‘oelock it 142 Lith C4 Brtieren Teving Nace and 84 ‘ead W ANTED—A SEAMSTRESS, | ONE wag, 18 A aoop creasmaker and ean operate on Wheeler & Wilson's ratee she must be weil recommended, ‘owt newiny 08 Apply at WANTED-x OFFICE BOY IN A WHOLESALR Li F house down towa} must reside with his parents and be well recom mended. 8.8. 8, Hera ANTED—COMMISSION Tava > Ronn telling and renting business property and dwelling Fem ip lations for Ineurancoand aiplieations for ‘on mortgages. McCOS jurray "5 TO 8200 ey fe e ‘and female, to ta improved Common, Sense. Pumily’ Sewing Machin. ame ate, wom, fly tok, quit, cont, bind, |p ior manner. ity warranted vo youre, We will pay 1,000 (OF a ‘more beatnifal oF makes the elastic lock at Every second atiteh enn be cut, ant atil the loth be it a pa from #78 8B sys pe ano Seen tearing ‘e pay agents twice that monn can be vinaae. Addresa Becomb & Coy Pa, OF srmlag off worse nea lado vai ame = of worthlonn came "yon eae ine otherwise. WAxtED-orrice BOY WEIL ACQUAL wi the elt; one living Sean ith ee Sagara Hd Areas, in hansiweiting of appiteant, LAD IN A ve bron HORRATE AAG NOTION ary first year #100, Address box Post 1 TANTED—A MIDDLE AGED PRENOHMAN, SrEAK. tng English, who, thoroughly understands big business ay waiter and indoor #bevant in & ginali fambiy. os box 2,472 New York Post ofltee. ANTED—FOR AN OFFICE, BELOW Hone, a, boy, residing with Kama and tie’ bos references. Porit none apply. ‘Adarene 1 a baudwritiag box ‘308 Pout oflee. args rand 0 to ‘ike ® teddiontion, wr lie 8 40