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4 The Fregeh mail steamship Pereire, Captain Du- | chesne, from Havre, via Brest, November 21, arrived at this port yesterday afternoon. She brings details of telegrams up to date of sailing. The Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia has arrived in Paris, where he proposes to pass the greater part of the winter. Several shocks of earthquake were felt at various points in the neighborhood of Cologne on the 18th ultimo, On the 18th of November his Highness Hassan Pacha, son of the Viceroy of Egypt, had an audience arrived in Berlin on the night of the 19th of November, and was received at the station by the King of Prussia. ‘The Emperor Francis Joseph arrived in Pesth on the same date. The Court removed to the Castle at Buda on the 21st ult. On November 18 15,000 poor persons visited the house of the late Baron James Rothschild in Paris, and received a louis each (four dollars), waking the munificent sum of $60,000 in gold. The public subscriptions to the new Spanish loan announced in Madrid to November 20 amounted to | $10,340,200, The Russian authorities seem very anxious to pro- vide the common people with amusements. The St. Petersburg Gazette-reports, in a recent number, that the erection of no less than ten theatres for the peo- ple, all to be situated in the workmén’s quarters.of the city, is to be begun forthwith. On the 19th November Lord Somerville met with his death while hunting near Uppingham, Rutland- shire. His horse stumbled and fel! upon its rider, crushing his head and face. The deceased was the eighteenth Baron Somerville in the peerage of Scot- land. The Gaceta de Madrid, of November 20 publishes acircular of Sefior Lorilla, addressed to the gov- ernors of provinces, ordering them to urge the formation of establishments for theoretical and practical agricultural instruction. The same paper also publishes a decree from Sejior Figuerola re- specting the property of the suppressed religious establishments, and another from Seiior Sagasta that suppresses the Royal Council of Health, annuls the regulations of June 19 and August 6 of the pres- ent year and organizes a Superior Commission of Health, under the presidency of the Minister of the Interior. The Gazzetta di Turino, of the 19th ultimo assures on good authority that official preliminary negotia- tions have been exchanged between the Provisional government of Spain and the government of Italy tespecting the candidature of the Duke of Aosta tor the throne of Spain, FRANCE. 4 Variety of Quarrels—Marshal Nie! and the Army Bakere—Marfori’s Resignation—Na- poleon’s Consideration for the Prince of Ase turias—French Interest in Spanish Affaire The Pope and Isabella—Patti and Her Eu- gagements—Paris Amusemente—Law and Whiskers—A New Saint. Panis, Nov. 10, 1868, Quarrels among the literati of France are not nov- elties. I will, therefore, not dwell on the second Meeting of the Socicté des Gens de Lettres, or lite- ratl, held, fortunately, at the Gymnastic Hall, where everything is convenient for a fight, whether it be ‘with broad sword and dumb bells or Alexand: and orations, which ought to be dumb. This hall is Jocated in the Rue des Martyrs (Martyr street)—it was christened when names were given to streets gccording to their constitutiors, reminiscences or Deculiar specialties. The specialty of Martyr’ street bs to give old men the asthma, for It 18 all on aslope, and kills ali the horses dragged down it with cart loads of stone pavement. ‘The lessee of the hall isa Mr. Paez. He has just published a book on the hy- @ienic influences of the body on the mind, and the literati, who are imaginative, very probably foresaw © bruised body as they toiled up to the meeting. I cannot affirm that they got it, but they got a body of men to accept Jules Simon's resignation as president, and he will now maintain it, Paving stones lead me unaccountably to Baron Haussmann; he ts having them taken up and re- placed by bitume; the arrangement for the payment of this great work ip age bees of ten years, but how this is to effected was not specified. Some financial economists proposed that the sale of the stones taken up siould cover outlay on asphalt; that this valuable stock should fetch ready money, hich, laid by, would meet every demand. The idea ‘as adopted as far as selling the stones is concerned, and they are accordingly being shipped to England or distributed to country towns in the departments, only the ready money ts being spent, and when the ten year bill docs come in tne financial authorities will sigh over it as though they had to bp Rae’ gems: and not stones. M. Haussmann and the Minister of the Interior have had their quarrel as well as the learned; it was about the new cemeteries, and some have hinted that acrimony had been so sharp as to lead the Minister to observe that “the prefect’s new cemetery would become his tomb."? Quarrels, too, have been started between Mr. Rouher, the Minister of State, and Marshal Niel, a discussion which the Emperor has silenced by bring: ing about a fraternal meeting at Sait Cloud dinner and loving cup. ‘The garde mobile is not to,be organized aji over France at the same time; it will first be tried in the eastern and northeastern provin-. ces, and Marshal Niel is to be prevalied on to re- main Minister of War as before. If he cannot be brought to give up the arming of his 1,200,000 men he can be criticised, and the genera! opinion is that his ainbition on raising this tormidable army in time of — ‘Was to forin a State (of militia) within a State, is present discontent, now that a winter campaign 18 quite out of the question, proves that the French were all doomed to be cannon mest, for the advent of a new generation, each member of which was to enter life with an eagie on te forehead. He has organized, disorganized and reorganized 60 long that his great fear oe: to be whether or no pos- terity will not call an “administrator” of the army, instead of its marshal. Hig behavior at war should, however, be present to his memory, for he is an tilustrious General, though he fortunately has not fougut in France. He was the first ou the ramparts with Lamoriciere at the siege of Constan- tine, took Rome in concert with Marshal Vaillant, opened the breach of Bomarsund and the following year besieged Sebastopol, and lastly, he was the hero of Solferino; he is, moreover, an expert military engi- neer and—another great consideration—he is a better baker than any tn ince. This latter faculty is not shared by his naval partner in the Ministry, M. de Genouilly, for the fleet on land complain that the Munition loaves are getting as tough as bails and the quality of the corn cl . It is, perhaps, ail chal to a, that an admiral knows mach about What his sailors eat, but here Marshal Niel has an ad- vantage over the marine department; he has a piece of munition bread cut every day for his own tabie, and if he thinks it is neither well made nor weil baked, the deiinquents come in for some hard chasse- Poting demonstrations that thunder out twenty-dve namies to a second. tis very provable that in con- sideration of his many good points the portiolio of the War Department will remain in the Marshal's pocket. Moreover, | have observed that under this dynasty, however inuch ministers complain, they do not resign ior good. Marfort is ap exception: bat he has to do with the Bourbons. He has tinaily sent tn & paper to his Queen daring down thereby all claims to remain her steward. Had he done so before, ella could have returned to Madrid at the suggestion of M. de Concha, accompanied her husband and son alone, iis likely much would have been spilled and that Isabella's re would have caus down to history as anc Will not regret that Ma sooner. Isabella arr French Court left st. C.oud for Complegne, and will, Very probably, pay a visit to the Pope at Rome just when the Euiperor end Biupress revarn to the Tuileries. She wii, for the first month of her stay in this capital, be located with er «ute ina large hotel calied the Pavillon de Kohan, close to the ia Royal, and the rent of this habitation costs 11,000f, monthly. Here she will ‘superintend the furnishing of the two contiguous residences in the Champa Biyseca, Nos, 66 and 6% They veiong to a Mme. Mou- tavleur and have been Oninhabited for some time ag tuey are wo princely for smali revenues. The annu: reut for the two houses is 70,000f., whieh high sum, being bat an item in the ocean of expenses for we royal household, relieves one of tie notion that exiles eat notimg but the bitter bread of the pro- Scrived because they eannot afford any better thing with it, The bmperor's visit to Queen Ohris- fine, Now aiso in the palace built for her years ago in the Champs Flysees, lasted twenty-five minutes. Dur- ing this iuterview the rates of France explained that it was for the future in 6 of the Prince of Asturias that Isabella should leave Pau and her tes, there kept up as before wien at Madrid. It certainly is for the interest of ony prince that he should be sur- rounded by better advisers in Paris than those Who have led Isabela ino frevh vicissitudes every time they have held counsel; but if it is hoped the Prince of Asturias will benelt ww other Ww: or draw nearet to the thron. of s y attending college Insiead of the privy chanber, this \rustful state of mind Will be followed by deception. The son of Victor Bmahuel has a finer chance. since it hae been painfully confirmed that out of the v hole lot of kings a coming Nowe answer the requirements of the Spubish peuple. ‘The repucation of Mr. Olozaga iswery great in Paris; two agents have left, despatcheu by the goy erument here, to examine the rea cuances of 1 Spnin, and to ascertain if Mr. Ol ‘4 s really to be prepouderaul; be has wean. candic mudnenc NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1868.—TR . while decided tnat the Cortes alone wilt settle which is the moat advisable form of government. While all Paris 18 wondering whether or not the Emperor and Empress of Austria are to visit Com- pi'gne during the imperiai hunting season, whether the Prince and Princess of Wales will accept the Kinperor’s hospitality also, others are no Jess inquisi- tive respecting what the ex-Qneen of Spain felt on | opening the Pope's letter begging her not to ask for | any hospitality from him, as it would grieve him to vefuse and he was utterly unable tocomply. But these are not the only journeyings that create curi- osity; the Ozurine of Iussia has changed her mind and means to winter at Pisa or Florence. ‘There has been, too, a succession of contradictory reports about Adelina Patti and her ment at St. Petersburg. It was said to be broken off, and the haditues of the ttalian opera were already revelling in a Vista of Pattisam; but the papers of o-day main- tain nat the diva never intended Pero Bo nee werds, and (hat the idea on mind of her being able to break an engagement is now as absurd as the idea of the peror asking to turn President again, She has now sung eleven times at the Italian opera, and the 1 availa himself of this information to add a little bit for himaelf py may ing tigures to Show what gold she has drawn to his house. The result of her eleven performances is 447,042 francs, Perichole and Patti are the present evening attractions, not forgetting Hervis Chelferie, ‘The well known circus in the Chainps Elys¢ées is 4 ing the winter to be turned into a dant hall, The horses’ stables are to be boudoirs, and the fittings up splendid; splendid they need be to draw Parisians out further than the Madeleine; but everything ever to dene with velvet, gilt and flowers | be outvied by this new assembly room. The circus itself is floored and extended, hang- | ings all round will form lounges and One more change in the decorative line is that Napoleon I, statue, formerly in the centre of Place Vendome, now at the round square of Coubevvie, which is the continuation of the avenue des heey Elysees, only many miles off, and as straight a6 the avenue itself, {[t can be seen through a telescope from the triumphal arch; to the naked eye it is like 4 dark spot on the horizon. Some learned combina- tion has been pro| by an optician, who 1s also anh engineer and architect, a Monsieur Drevet, by means of which this statue, never seea to advantage anywhere, 18 to be clearly distinguished from the Tuileries, and appear to be under the vault of the arch. It happens that on the 25d or 24th ofevery May the sun sets exactly in the centre of iis arch, when Napoieon is to be ht up by nature and God’s orb, and forms thus an apotheose, ‘This is imperialism. Debates still continue on the mcompatibility of mustaches and justice; young lawyers demand why they shonld be compelled to shave their upper lips, if the best arguments do not proceed from officers in the army, who are never contradicted or opposed, and who all cultivate mustacties, ‘They object to the discipline of whiskers. They are ready to give a few pairs over for one thickly covered overlip, and jus- tice is considered not only indiscerning but stupidly blind. She is implored to take off the bandage and pee. for a second, ‘The next facetious item js the proposed canoniza- tion of Princess Elizabeth (Louis XVi.’s sister) by the Roman cardinals. Her portrait is before me while I write these lines. She is powdered in a pink satin costume and much be-ribboved. Can such an idea as the canonization of the woman thus perpetu- ated be serious, or, if it is, is there not a higher rank of canons for the salts we revere, for the martyrs of the true faith? This is the confusion a mind is led into by the project. All are ready to admit that Princess Elizabeth suffered much, was a martyr, and this overzeal does an injury to her memory. It is well to have Marie Antoinette clothes, but Marie Antoinette saints are carrying the fashions too high, rene thing which is to be solemnized is the date of the 2d of December. It is to be looked on a8 the finest of our lives in France, finer than the sun of Austerlitz, finer than the ony of Tolbiac; but any journalist commenting on it In any way being threatened with all the rigor of the law, I conclude, recommending all who do not approve of the 2d ol December, to strive to be enlightened and not con- use it with the 18th Bramaire. Last Moments of Rossini. ‘We (Galignant) add some particulars concerning the last moments of this great composer:—His ili- nesé for the two ‘a before his death was a slow agony, and he suffered a real martyrdom. His was literally on fire, 80 greatly did the infammation consume him. From time to time he moaned out, “7 burn; ice, ice; and this was ecg gee him as afinal solace. He sometimes took the hand of his wife, who nvver left his side, and covered it with kisses. Together with the name of Mme. Rossini which he was almost always ut that which hi most frequently pronounced a old at tendant who had shown t_devotedness to his master, Moreover, some friends never ceased suc- ceeding each other in waiting on him—namely, MM. Vaucorbeil, Michotte, Peruzzi, Ivanhoff, 8. Tambu- rini and Dr, Fortina. Mme. sini, revising her first decision, had allowed the Abbé of St. Roch to have access to the Gying, man, who confessed to him. On Friday, at two, the Curé of Pasay admin- istered extreme unction, and half an hour after the patient lost juosness, laborious breathing lone indicated that lie remained. At ten at night he uttered his wife’s name, and that wag the last word he spoke. At eleven he was thought to be dead, and a light was close to his eyes, but — lids opened, little after midnight he ex- pi PRUSSIA. Speculative Pollticians—Austria and Russia Firm Fricnds—Peacefal Prospects Strengthe ened—Baden Out of Court—Southern Mille tary Conferences. BERLIN, Nov. 14, 1868. There is not much political news to dwell upon, unless your correspondent would leave his custom- ary arena of matters of fact and resort, like many do, to all sorts of speculation and hypothesis. Pre- suming that your readers have better employment than to read political chaff and convinced that the coup @’wil of European affairs as given in your edi- torials on the general situation affords them more information than a tedious detail of political intri- cacies, we forbear tiring them with the effusions of diplomatists or the inventions of professional politi- cians, Which commonly afew days afterwards are flatly contradicted or shorn of their apparent myste- riousness. Having said this much we venture to repeat our often expressed opinion of a fair prospect fora durable peace; and this in spite of Austria’s efforts to rais@ an army, which, were it not on paper only, would look indeed alarming, but which tm reality ts only ta béte noire, a6 the French are wont to call it. Our way of looking upon the present and future situation of Continental affairs is strengthened by yesterday's article of the oficial ministerial organ, saying that “Many confased statements are afioat respecting Austria's position in the question of war or peace. Baron Beust’s confidential remarks to the Military Committee of the Reichsrath in favor of an increase of the Austrian army to 800,000 men have found their way to the public press, which says that Herr Beust had pointed at and argued the case of a threatening collision between Prussia and France, and, although aMrming Austria's peaceable intentions, had thrown out some refiections which plainly indicated hostile seelings towards Prussia and Russia, The Austrian government thereupon lost no time in ofmcially stating, a the Presse of Vienna, that these boxes, | of Consu! General of the eaid islands, with his resi- deuce at Karisruhe—we can leave the Grand Duchy uestion to sleep in peace. Nothing is known about the result of the southern military conferences. Our prophee that these conferences had something eise In view les @ mere settlement of claims in Joint fortresses is now verified vy an official source, which speaks of these former Bund fortifications as seins Property which cannot be disposed of without rugs'a's consent, Other matters concerning the Southern States which may have occupied the atte! tion of the conferences have not been officially com- taunicated to this government. Such an admission nee augur well for an excess of Southern sym- TURKEY. Russo-American Sympathies and Pollcy— The Dardanelles Question and Its Origin Merchant Shipping Hegulations—American Commerce ta Turkey. CONSTANTINOPLE, Oct, 29, 1863, American citizens resident in this capital, as well as in other parts of the Ottoman empire, have been of late much interested, if not also somewhat amused, by an evident attempt which is being made both in Europe and the Unitea States to place the Jatter in a position of antagonism to the government of Turkey. Generally this attempt is ascribed by them to a Russian influence and to Russian agents. To their own personal interests the subject is one of some solicitude and they are at a loss to learn in ‘what manner it can possibly benefit the well being of their own far distant country in its political and commercial intercourse with thisempire, Now and then certain papers, mostly published in France, contain articies strongly showing a positive alliance between Prussia, Russia und the United States, either for the purpose of opposing France and Austria or of securing @ joint action against Tur- key. Even the perfectly harmless excursions of Admiral Farragut, which have now come to a peaceful termination by his return to the United States, have been distorted into some connection with the above mentioned alliance. From these it would seem that the authors of these articles either apprehended an active interference on the part of the govermment of the United States in the affairs of Europe or that they ardently desire it, It can well be understood why @ certain class of men in Europe cast their eyes longingly to the United States, with the hope that the day 1s not far distant when their influence, if not indeed their ac- tive interference, will be felt in the political affairs of the Old World. These are generally men of lib- eral ideas on the subject of the science of govern- ment; and if they be not open advocates of the re- publicag form, at least they hope for the application those restrictions upon the absolute power of sovereigns to be good only in a constitu- tional and representative system, cousin-ger- mam to @ democracy. There are many mil- lions of peace-loviug and truly patriotic men throughout England, France and Germany who are sincere and devout admirers of the great republic of America and of its principles. They feel proud of its wonderful prosperity, its power and prestige among the family of nations. They are already good Americans at heart, though Europeans by birth and reports were founded upon a false apprehension or interpretation, and Baron Beust saw fit to senda despatch to the Eu Cabinets exp! to them the meaning of his remarks to the comm! a and averring that his reflections on a threatening war or a hostile action on i of Austria had no reference whatever to neighboring Powers, ‘These explanations, which were also communicated to the Prussian Cabinet, did not req on our part, any reply. Prussia does not, as a matter of course, lay any claim to being initiated in the confidential deliberations between Austria's leading statesman and her legisiators, nor is it inclined to attach im- plicit faith to communications which reveal matters recommended to be kept secret. and still leas could such reports influence the policy of Prussia, whose aim and intention have been so clearly and openly ae the late throne sj 7 ere, then, we have the long and short of the hub- bub which has afforded such fair pasturage to the political herd dwindle down to nothing, or what is the same, to ® bankum manwuvre of Herr Beust. May he rejoice over his victory and consider it pleasant fun; to poor Austria it will be death, though we strongly doubt that she will ever attempt Ww carry out such @ reorganization of her army. As to the late Russian ukase ordering a levy of four per one thousand inhabitants for ‘the recruitment of the imperial army and navy, we can see nothing startling ‘in it, but merely &@ wish to keep on @ ievel with the increased armies of the other Powers. Respecting the } tinopie, have rumors of an interference with the Danubian princi- pailties, a revision of the Paris treaty of 1816 an similar canards which, during last week, have sup- plied material for telegrams, these have all recenuy died away. Even that fruitful topic for speculative writers— the approaching entrance of the Grand Duchy of Baden into the North German Bund as an inevitable casus belli—is quite exhausted, and the Duchy's bd is completely taken off the record, But no, we ast been written by Count Bismarck, =e one of nis who wished 4 make mention of @ ee ee, to have reply to a South. to learn the Count’s eracy. The ‘er of the Count is sald to be couched in the following word 1 look upon this matier £9 of no urgency at all, It would be @ misappre- hension of the wotual situation to believe that a forinidable majority in Southern Germany ta inclined fod realy to join the North, Bven su) ing such wo be the case, L could not say what I would do to- morrow oF @ day aller to-morrow if the question came up for decision. Until to-morrow or @ day afier the position imay have materially changed. But if compelled to Apeak to-day and in the present shape bo Fg LL a “el to make iny continu. o condition of t 4 ofannesation ; he rejection of an offer style is letter is much like the Counts way of speaking and writing, but we very much doubt its authenticity, Sa the newly opened diplomatic intercouse between ‘aden and Ine Sand- wich Islands—Queen Emma havin pointed her Urobuer-itriaw, Maror Lualachor, fo tis omiee of education. It certainly cannot, therefore, be these who would connect the republic with such aasoclates as Russia and Prussia, two of the most absolute governments of Europe. Such an idea is simply absurd and an insult to their most sanguine ira- tions. Who, then, can those be who, as is seen from time to time, declare to the world that the United States are actually joined together with those Powers in so unholy an alliance for a put in which the rene of the United States cannot feel the slightest interest, such as the subversion of the Ottoman empire? 4 must only be the paid agents of one or both of these two Powers, who, though t well doubt that the Unit Sst wi ever into any so treed an alliance, are never- theless content to hold them up to view as an object of alarm and apprehension to the incredulous, Many well tnformed Christian subjects of the Sultan, seeing these stories so often repeated in the Euro- pean papers and sometimes republished in those of this one ask whether there really can be nd foundation for such declarations, As American cit! zens we feel that we may offer them assurances of their utter falsity and add that, great as have been the efforts of Russia to conciliate the will of the people and government of the United States, they sone ne sense to be in- veigied into any alliance with her or even sympathy for her long cherished policy of self-aggrandize- ment, at the expel American citizens who have v! tem of government whfth ¢! ple and suppresses every aspiration for a more liberal form. Corruption and injustice there go hand in hand, and even religion is made to serve as an strument for human degradation. resent state of things is certainly far better than in aasia, but Lott ee much to be Coo ple can @ the pure ajr of a 1a and Austria are im nthe course, and so far merit the sympathies 0! people of the United States. This said of ag 9 a as yet, represents the abso- lute, despotic form of government in the widest sense. So long, therefore, as this is the case Ameri- cans may well reserve their sympathies, both for the Russian government and her foreign policy of still further izement. If there was the smallest rty, of constitutional prigciples in the whole system of Russia Am¢ ng might hope to pa grow up and produce good fruits in its own soll, Among the questions of the day alluded to in many papers throughout the United States which smack go atrongly of a Russian influence as not to be mistaken is the resolution offered tu the late Con- greas on the subject of the “throwing open of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus to all ships of war and commerce.’ American residents here firmly believe that the proposition, in question was given ‘cut and dry” to the proj have had its ot proves, hereafter, blush to feel that he had permitted himseif to become the tool of the real author of it fora fy om either for some other was 1 scope of the policy which it advocates, and improbable that had he been better with the facts be and not and the which they create among the has endeav. to change this, by 90 far as Co cable compelling his to construct their of stone or brick. A improvement has al- been effected, but much ts to be done be- fore Constantinople can be safe from fires, It is also 2 ee ee with which to subdue the fires to which it is Liable. Built upon seven hills upon the bends or ravines, from hill to ‘The water there stantinople is also not protected by Teases than those of the two straits of the Bosphorus les, the latter more than a hundred therefore, which it forces, which might set thought that these cannot be passed Ut... of war, but modern iron-ciad# and artillery have rendered this doubtful; and should @ hostile feet, be it ever 80 small, once them and reach the city, it would be wholly et its mercy. For this reason the Otto- man Sultans, ever since their conquest of Constan- from necessity maintained the principie of keeping these two stralts closed in times of peace to the naval forces of all mations. This primciple is not forced upon them by say of the Powers of Europe, bat wae the rational instinct of seif-pre- servation and dire necessity. Here is, therefore, the error into which (od oad the resolution has fallen, fie haa bi his resolution on the ony Hon thet the Sultan wae to close them by the great Powers of Europe. So utterly helpless would We Ottoman government be with anayal force at anchor under the ancient and now fast fo | ‘walla of Constantinople that it would be alee to cede to the demands, however unjust or out ” Power to which it belo - Aggressive position ousiy Inhuman, of the Ibis, therefore, not m matter of surprise here ‘with the constantly hostile and of Russia, the Sultan maintains the “ancient usage” of his ancestors in this particular, Constantinople, with its Wooden houses, és certainly the most valuabie city of the empire, and of this fact the Powers of Europe are well aware. Strong as are the fortresses of the Bosphorus, modern military art bas surpassed this means of defence, and it was to aid in protecting this capital that the Sultan’s allies sent thelr navai forces to itwhen Russia in 1866 made her unjust demands opon him and threatened to enforce them by an overwhelming fect. At the conclusion of the cel ted “Crimean war" the Sul- tan with his allies vo continue and maintain the “ancient usage” of lis government by declaring both the straits, a# formerly, closed to vessels of war 08 Of In this there was no “compul- #i@" The Suiten voluntarily oifer’d to continue to do What his ancestors had always done before him from @ matter of necessity and self-preservation. It is doubsfut whether the city of New York would wil- ling! iow a large British vaval force to assemble an 7 Le at ae caren if ee con- stantiy followed up @ policy o ression and intrigue acelnwt ie pepe and wepauucr Of sue people of the United States and was universally known as their hereditary foe. Both sides of the entrance to her (ine harbor are owned by the United States, and the plea that the Hudson river a to the ter- ritory of another power would s be admitied to her own exposure and prenenie destruction, 1 may be readily supposed the Sultan was more agereasion on the part of his openly declared enein ussia, than from the more friendly Powers of the Mediterranean, of France or Englat allof whom have no desire to see Rusala exten her already immense dominions and increase her power at the expense of tho man Em- pire. The “balance of power” is too vital a question in Europe for these Powers not to be sensi- tave on the score of Russian aggrand! While, therefore, the two straits of the Dardanelles apprehensive of and orus are closed in times of against the naval fleets of all the world, the as BOv- ereign over both, exercises the power of allo’ embassies at his capital to pass them Seely. therefore algo deems it proper to make exceptions favor of especial cases, as, for example, in that of the United States frigate Franklin. Ha how- ever, agreed with the great naval Powers of Europe to maintain his “ancient usage” he communicates with them previous to making such exceptions in favor of any one of them or of any other Power not European. Russia, ever on the alert to frustrate and remove this action of the sovereign right and usage of the Sultan, which is readily seen to be more against her plans and policy than against those of any other Christian Power, some time since made an excuse to the Porte that one of her young princes was desirous of passing from Odessa to Greece ina steam frigate in lieu of a yacht or any other ordinary conveyance, and asked ission tor # frigate to up from the Mediterranean through the straits for him. The request was ac- ceded to a8 @ neighborly act of good will, but it secmns to have offered a precedent which tended to inconvenience the Sultan’s government. On the other hand the proposer of the resolution has been misled into the belief that merchant ves- sels of all Powers, and those of the United States in particular, are not allowed to pass tfreeiy through the Dardanelles and Bosphorus, and that they are compelled to pay toll for such a privilege. Never was a greater imposition and deception practised on any statesman than this, The whole thing 1s utterly fase. The only requisition needed for merchaut ves- sels for this purpose 19 a good strong southerly wind ora tugboat to secure their passage through the Dardanelles, on their way either to Constantinopie or the Black Sea, No “toll,” firman or any other document is required to secure their entrance and assage. if such vessels are detained at the ardanelies (and this often occurs) it is due to the prevalence of northerly winds and the economical measures of their owners, who will not pay for towing. ‘They have not, however, been here- tofore allowed to pass them during the night, and thos for an obvious reason—i. ¢., ignorance of the real character of the vessels. Lighthouses have of late years been erected on some points of the Darda- nelies so as to enable merchant ships to enter them uring ae night, but as yet their passage through them has not been allowed, ‘This, however, will probably be soon done; but it is more than question- able whether the wind and current of four miles an hour wiil allow them to avail themselves of it. ‘there is certainly no reason why such vesseis should not be leit with the option of proceeding on their voy- ages, if they can do so at night, alter having pre- viously satisfled the authorities of the fortress of their peaceiul character. Merchant ships which have arrived at and cast anchor in the Golden Horn or the Bosphorus, both of which constitute the port of the capital, cannot return through the Dardanelies on their way back, or leave it for the Black Sea, without procuring & Dey clearance called a firman. ‘his jocument certifies that er. have paid ai! the usual pe fees, and those of the lighthouses as well as the jastom House, in case they have discharged or taken in cargoes. There is, however, now a grievance which ought to be corrected by the government, and it is to hoped that some means will soon be adopted for doing it, viz.:—Merchant ships, in bal- Jast or laden, which have thus come to the capital through the Dardanelles with a fair southerly wind, are compelled to procure firoians for their passage througii the Soepnerua into the Black Sea, Deten- tion maybe, and in most cases is, easily avoided by their agents procuring firmans for them previous to their arrival. If this be done such ships need not be de- tained longer than is necessary to receive the firmans from the boats of their agent, which go alongside of them for this pu fore leaving the mouth of the Bosphorus they must also round to and deliver this clearance to the boat of the fortress, which goes alongside for it. In a at mai cases: vesels on without being delayed at all. The ing occurs at the Di elles, where the fir- mans must be delivered to the boat of the com- mander of the fortress, These clearances cost about two dollars and fifty cents, and as thé port charges of the harbor of Constantinople amount in lots to about one dollar surely the declaration that toil is levied on all merchant ships is scarcely admissible. It may be here asked whether @ vessel of 400 tons or, which visits ‘the port of New York and leaves it, jorage and whartage dues, gets three doliars and a haif? If this sid at Constantmople by each merchant ship, to be toll, what are the much greater sums ue are paid in the of New York before ves- to ciear Russia and some other light vessels of war in connection with the paren in vessels per annum. that the — of ee jorus an lanelles, The is certainly open to im- wise it this does not involve the question of he Bov ts of the Sultan over his own terrl- the straits and lake which intervene be- to the le of the United States it amounts to two, three, or at most four vessel year, while to the ports of the Black Sea whole years elapse without a single Ameri- can vessel visiting them. This is certainly not the resalt of the heavy toil jpon them on their passage, or impediments way of their tree Becees tb the Ehack Bea, The real ‘cate small trade between the United States and these: that America produces almost nothing that wiil sell to ad- vantage in them; and Russia, Turkey and the shores of the Danube have nothing for sale that 1s not found in abundance in the United States. There is, nevertheless, a vast field for American industry in Constantinople, ia manufactures, machinery, arms and the produce of the ingenuity and invent.ve enius of American citizens, which Is as yet almost holly unexplored by them. The Ottoman govera- ment hitherto held the United States and their citizens in the light of impartial and, politicatly speaking, disinterested friends. It has never had any reason to believe that whatever might be the relations existing between the United States and Russia that the former would in any form or shape lend themselves to the promotion of the schemes of ‘ion ie latter over Turkey. Star lad a people of the United States have never any cause to complain of in- justice or a want of courtesy on the part of the juitan or his ernment to them or to their pubiic naries visiting is capital. On the contrar; janly Pointed in its ati z. ‘al rragus ‘The American citizens resident here and througiout this empire hope that the Porte will never have any cause to change so favorable an opinion, espectaliy tarougn resolutions of 80 @ character as the one re- ferred to, the origin and object of which are too ciam- sily veiled not to show “Russia,” written in large letters, clearly visible through tis frail texture. ENGLAND. A Review of the Old and New Parliaments. the Pall Mall Gazette.) The most remarkabie g feature to be ob- served is the extreme yy of the new to the old Parliament, & single man has been re- turned who can be violent or exireme. Mr. Beales may have come in for the Tower Hamiets, but not one working man, not one theoretical or high- fying = y sis been gag eet sage we been decisively rejected, awful éxample of.advo- bouy. ex- am pretty con- tested.” Mr. it an uncommouly (pileht Das ane cr ee econ Duke of borough, at Woodstock. The Duke's he J boon deren not ie sobiy, ins somewns simt jas been ‘en a mt inghnen eauaiaates, Mra Brainy and workingmen re lau, was signally defeated at Northampton; but at must be owned to be & circumstance that he should have polied 1,006 votes as given for Mr. Gilpin, who was at the poll, when we think of the principles on which he stood. He isan avowed Atheist of the commonest and and he oy of Christianity not with ‘rinddyy disert eeteen diesent which is cl the sch ly and bona Jide unbelief of the i day. but with the coarse animosity of Paine and Carlisle. That a man holding and boasting of such views, a man who technically commits @ crime whenever pulishes his most characteristic opinions, should have polled more than a thousand votes in @ considerable bor- ough is certainty a sign of the times. Mr. Uremer at Warwick was defeated by the prosaic liberal, Mr. Peci, and the ‘osaio _ conservative, Mr. Greaves, by maajoril of Abeut turee 10 one, notwithstand! his position as a repre- sentative work! man. Mr. Howell at Ayies- bury fared rather better. He polled more then half aa many votes a8 Baron Rothschild (950 against 177). The return of Sir Henry Bulwer for Tam- worth is important, not only because it wili give to the House of Commons a keen and long observant intellect, but because his voice will be on the side of advanced liberalism, which has not too many alles of his weight and experience. The 7imes observes with @ sort of chuckle which is not al ther benevolent :—‘The younger mem- bera of the wniversities, principaily of Ux- ford, who issued forth to take tue world by storm, have been defeated without a single excep- tion,” and it proceeds to name Mr, Brodrick, Bir George Young, Mr. Roundell and Mr. Godfrey Lash- ington. Surely, this is neither just nor generous. Mr. Roundell, Mr. Brodrick and Mr. Lusiitngton are, as the Lavo List will show, barristers of very pood standing in point of and notuing could be more natural than that gentlemen so situated, who also enjoy the advantage of excellent fauily con- nections and social position, should wisn to sit in Parliament. To judge (rom their stan tog at the bar each must be nearer forty than thirty, and their names have been brought befure the pubite in various conuections pretty conspicuously for the last five dr ten years. What sense or meaning ts there in describing such men ag ‘younger mem- bere of the wnivertsitios who tasued forth to (ake (ue world by swrm?’ ‘Tio noun that! IPLE SHEET. for him, be their failings what The work- ingmen have shown no for Mr. Mill. They would ive to Mr. Roebuck and nothing to Mr. Hi the only offence which either oi these gentlemen gave to con- stituencies was that that of offering a sound but unwelcome criticism upon. The three cornered constituencies have not yet shown themselves to be very ns. Their juce eter. liberals, Mr. Bal Carter, and ohe conser- vatige, Mr. Wheelhouse; so that the total political influence of Leeds itself, considered as a going to make up the whole body garnet 13 divided, and the interest and significance of the contest is to & extent _lost. Exeter, on the other hand, it in its power and used the opportunity to inilict asevere and humill- ating defeat upon the government by rejecting the Attorney General, Here is a point won and lost im the game. If Sir John Karsiake had been returned or returnable as a minority mem- ber, what a fiat affair the Exeter election would have been, how much induence Exeter would have exerted upon the political state of affairs, and how much less disposed the Exeter people would have been to troubie themselves about (he matter and so to acquire Whatever advantage is to be gained from @ vigorous political contest! Un- less our who'e electoral system is based upon false principles, 1t 13 clear to us that the three-cornered sysiem i8 a wrong one. There is some satisfaction in recollecting that 1t ls a “security,”’ because securi- ties of tuat kind are proverbially (a. ITALY. French Interference Between Rome and Italy Probabie Evacuation of Rome by the French Ly 7 (From the Paris Siécle, Nov. 19.) It 1s now known for certain that very active nego- tiations are going on respecting the departure of the French’ troops occupying @ portion of the Pontifical territory. It is also positive that the initiative of the communications on the subject was taken by General Menabrea, who, having shown the stabtiiiy of the present asian and the sincerity with which it is itilling its engagements, mstructed M. Nigra to de- mand 8 pure and simpie return to the Convention of September and the withdrawal of the French. The reply was that the Menabrea Ministry had sufficiently re-established order, but that the Emperor Napoleon, wile having the highest opinion of the proceed of the Fiorence Cabinet, considered that a revival of the September Convention. would only prolong @ statu quo equally prejudicial to both the Holy See and Italy. Lastly— the establishment of regular, if not official relations, between the two countries could alone permit his ity to recall the French troops without having to fear fresh compli- cations. General Menabrea ited, and presented several drafis of an ment, into the details of woich there is no necessity to enter, as they did not lead to any solution. ‘The famous note of the 24th of Jani , laying down the of @ modus vivenal between the Holy See and Italy, and emanating also from the serves as @ framework to negotiations, French policy for the last had one answer to make—“The Em will only withdraw his troops when an accord shall have been established between Italy and the Holy See go as to place the two States ina r and normat situa- tion towards each other.” The imprudent words of M. Brogiio, Minister of Public Instraction, “Kome will soon belong to Italy de facto," have caused some little embarrassment in the ions. He aiter- wards suppressed that phrase from the ‘printed re- port of his speech, but the words were heard by up- wards of 200 persons. SWITZERLAND. A Nurse Charged With Poisoning. The Geneva journals announce a trial which is destined to c) @ great Sepagrion in Switzeriand, ‘The accused,”a nurse named Jeanneret, is charged Whoat she had within Woe spaco of slr monte: beca 0 of 8 mn engaged to attend, Th Hstances used, wi bel. and for year has ladonna and atrophine, an extract of the sam to obtain them sie simulated @ partial blindness, which ae aré employed ag a remedy. The woman spyeere have had a she neither robbed her benefit from their death; she is even said to have nursed then with great tenderness. She was at length detected by a French painter named whose wife she had attended, Mme. B——, showing symptoms ot } recovered; when the accused, dnding Was suspected, ab- sconded. She was, however, subsequently i ee 80 ey yr she bad not time conceal the poisons 8! in her possession, and all of which are in the hands of justice. 533 FOREIGN MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. A meeting of the Board of Directors of the Suez Canal has definitely decided that the regular open- ing of the canal shall take place on October 1, 1869. ‘The last number of the Berlin Xtadderadatsch has been seized on account of caricatures on the Prus- sian budget and its deficit. According to the Liberté of Paris Count Girgenti, Colonel of the Regiment of Pavia, has been placed on half pay by the provisional government of Spain. A large black flag was hoisted by some unknown hands on the Pfarrthurm tower at Frankfort duri: the uight of the 9th November, the ‘anniversary of the execation of Robert Bium in 1843, Snow has fatien heavily in the Alps, also in the Loire, the Haute-Loire, the Cevennes, the Is¢re, the Ain, the Doubs and Savoy. A great abundance lies on the ground, In some places half a yard deep. In the Allevard Mountains 8,000 sheep have perished. The French Minister of Marine has just decided that a supplementary pay shall be granted to naval otlicers serving in Japan. The motive for this inea- sure is that # stay in that country necessitates ad- ditional expenses for the preserv: of health. Twenty-four “young bloods’ of Exeter, England, ‘were sentenovd to pay a fine of five dollars each or undergo fourtec! ‘8 imprisonment, for or squibs and crackers in the streets on Guy Fawkes’ day. ‘The Paris Chartvart Prussia endeavor. her off lke. feather,” “Cha. ing to lift up or carry the sia—‘Bah | [ can carry rivari, who is lovking on—‘Mind you do not a lag 1 (0OUF do Telne—-ARG & owies CF the From authentic re; of the artillery firing at whe battle of Sadowa it a) that there were in action in that great donflict 672 gans on the side of the imperialists; 46,636 rounds were fired; that is to say, am average of sixty-nine each. The batile lasted mine hours, and, therefore, the Aus- eee ae shots an hour and eighty-six the. minw The number of omnibuses in Paris is 687; in Lon- don, 670, The datly average in Paris is seventeen dollars, while in London tt only attains fourteen dol- Jars per omnibus. in annual namber of passengers amounts to 90,000,000; in London, only 46,000,000, ‘The average daily distance run in Paris is 64,000 miles; in London, 27,000, The omnibuses in Paris employ 7,600 horses; those of London, ouly 300. ‘The following is recorded as the finest compliment ever paid to wowan’s beauty:—On the c ierlon of the boudoir of the late Duchess of Sutherland, a French painter, M. Hervieu, having been desired to paim the ‘Judgment of Paris” on the centre panel inside the door of the room, left out the igure of ‘Venus from the three godd and re; nted the shepherd presenting tie golden apple from the frame of the picture towards the daterior of the apartmeat— tue Duchess’ own, | ‘The Paris Figaro, after commenting humorously on the Baudin prosecutions, tinishes with the follaw- ing:—"In order to wind up merrily, a9 it is thought seditious nowadays to open a subscription for erection of & monament to the — of a repub- lican who perished gloriousiy in the defence of right, Thope the following proposal will be more favorably received. If propose, namely—to open a subscription jor the purpose of burying, with great pomp sud ceremony, (he Orst imperialist who shall die ta the ensuing year.” AFRICAs The Ri Plrater—British Oficial Notification. ‘The Colonial Secretary of Great Britain issued the following oficial notification on November 4, warn- ing all seafaring persons from lending on the Rit Coast:— An instance has lately occurred of a master of a British vessel janding on the Rif const for the purpose of communicating with tue inhabitants of that district, Whereupon he was seized = by tle Ataba and carried off into the interior, althougm subsequently released. Masters and crews of vessels are therefore warned against landing oa any part of the Moorish territory Wuere ofcers appointed by the Sultan do not reside, By infringement of the regulations ef the Moonah government with respect to customs and quarandne laws master will now only eupeee their lives and the property entrusted to ti@m to @anger without belong ent'Ved to put forward any ciaim, Oiae weeting ere ‘able to progeuution ang penalties for ™ D3 ‘ iowa As the opening of the Isthmus of Suez and the other great material developments of the age are destined to effect a great political, commercial and social revolution in Asia itis of the highest impore- ance that the attention of tae government and peo- Ple of the United States be directed towards that vast continent. The geographical position of Amer- {oa is decidedly calculated to facilitate the communt- of opinion, the pride of all Americans, would of 4t- self be a title to the confidence of the Asiatics, who profess more respect for caste and creed other people of the universe. Engiand, other Powers who have colonized various Asia, has treated this point too lightly, doubtless trace many of the mishaps in Possessions to this single fact. The Asiatios have their distinctions of classes, based on religious prin- ciples, which to them is the most important feature of their exigtence, In fact, to support their creed they will willingly sacrifice life. These deeply-rooted habits and customs cannot be altered at one blow, and there- fore must be tolerated for mutual benefit. As Mr. Moreno observes, the civilization of the West can be offered to the Asiatics, but not enforced upon them; and, ashe suggests, the appointment of aged Sar- dars, chosen from the respective casts, who in thelr turn would be responsible to the constituted gov- ernment, would considerably moderate the existing hatred to the white race in general, The unscrupu- fous system of accumulating money, practised by the English from the commencement of their settlt in Asia, and the utter di rd of native su rahe tion, very naturally caused the Aslatics to despise the {nvaders and style them a horde of shopkeepers; and as the English boasted that they were the mous enlightened and powerful nation of the West/all other white settlers from those regions were logl-, cally measured by the same scale. ie natural good: sense of the Asiatics can be more influenced by the prestige of good example and benevolence, thus avoiding any violent shock to their established habits, than by force, laws or punishment. The treat- ment evinced by the English towards the defeated native Princes is another great source of general discontent. For instance the Sultan of Delhi, who after his dethronement was kept a close prisoner in pera Pegu, where his small wooden house was lways guarded by four sentinels, and the venerabig old man deprived of all the habitual comforts and: luxuries so requisite in an eastern climate. nae of these rigorous measures Mr. Moreno conversation with t last occupant of the throne of the Great by who in his time had been the Napoleon of Hindoostan, in the year, 1859. During the interview the tailen monarch spoke: with emphasis of the manner in which the E q had wrongfully deprived him of his throne, dij and weaith, then keeping him a priso! far his native soil, and concluaed by say: ‘I cheriste the hope that should my countrymen fail, Allah wi Sree my wrongs sooner or later. Salam, Sahib ('?) The Sultan of Lucknow was also kept a close prison-, er ina palace at Garden Reach, about three miles from Calcutta. While on a visit to the city of Be-| Sirig ted Jerusalem of the Hindvos, in the ql 1858, Mr, Moreno had a prolonged interview wit C] Brahi the Indians, who, m aged Fakir min, or learned man, being the distinguished class among few words, defined the implacable hatred borne the natives towards the English. ‘We Asiatics kno’ but little of your country; geography teaches us thag¢ ou are divided into various kingdoms, and thas ave sovereigns of both sexes and also a Pope " Which does not exist with us, However, our characters and civilization we measure you yy the same scale lish, and detest fe = me aes much. If the En; have no of vi ey have at least cat us partially to abjure the priteival faith of our religion, which consisted in he love of all the sons of Adam, without distinction, of caste or color, as our bor. To .our cost we have known the English and judged them.’” ey By the judicious manipulation of territorial com: cessions @nd treaties with parts till now under the sole government of native be obtained, American enterprise and comi ce Would speedily obtain a sure and in Asia, For Jpatance, lished in the group of thi Moluccas and Celedes, which are more rtant richer than the Antilles, furnishing all 18 OF pical colonial ee the climate of which is thy and the {inhabitants are well disposed tow: the development of their reso The miral es Empire, and on the north by the mountains Thibet. It is divided into various Le pee | governed by numerous plajas. The pi ——- pp re oer of Beetabllansd be” communication can oroug! 4 means of the two rivers, the Menam and thé Mekong, which are both navigable for long distances by vessels of considerable burden. The Siam is very fertile, produces immense quantities elephant tusks and contains ixexhaustible mines ot ld, stiver and copper, which are worked but little yy the Siamese. A well conducted American.colony in Siam, having means to on commerce on 8 vast scale, cannot fail to su and eventually ab tract the attention of the Washington Cabinet, and enforce more definite attention to those remole re- gions. China is the greatest market for the consumption of the agricultural produce of Southern Asia, the principal of which are rice and Fs soa ‘The Chinese prefer buying opium to smoke t! Tice to eat, and this is the hinge on which the commercial supremacy of England ia China turns. To equalize or overcome jcult but not impossible, and colonization is @ great and powerful my paronyg In this point alon the Americans should imitate the English, that undertake plantations of opium on sn extensive scale, establish factories tn various poris on tne banks of the Menam and Mekong, like the East Indi Company did on the banks of the Ganges the Jumna. Push forward the cultivation of thas mate are propitious, also ind! and encourage and develop the cultivation of rice in the lower regions of Siam. The countries produ: tiee for exporta- tion, which is the principal ni it of the Chi- nese, are Ben; and Pegu, settlements, Siam, Cambodia and Cochin China. lod for sending the rice by sailing vessels is exactly during the monsoon from the southwest, The vessels leav- trip thirty to thirty. dee aars and then! ri -five days, and then twelve days to reach ihe soutiern cy ahi during the whole ye: A houses, Armenian and both being eae subjects. If exported from Siam and bodia, this trade would be subjected to the same advantages as the rice. As the Chinese require tonics and stimulants tobacco could be shipped from Virginia -~ Kentucky, which would in time the opium. The islands of Borneo and Java are very fertile and rich in mineral wealth, and offer great induce- ments for American activity and commerctal enter- rhesithy wad of th ye th ‘on account 1s healthy and of the grea portance of its produce; in face Mr. Moreno Gescribes the in- terior of this fargo tsiand as the most beautifal that he encountered in all his travels, With the exception ofthree stations occupied by the Dutch on the weat coast, all the reat are governed by nativer rajaba, who would welcome the Americans and grant favor- able territorial concessions, ‘The Chinese are the most “ig pei laborious and tn- dustrious people of all the Asiatics; they are the marrow of the colonies in Asia, and the prosperity is in proportion to the number of Chinese inbabiting them, and Singapore owes its importance to the 60,000 Chinese immigrants who have settled there. They fre not particular respecting their caste; they exer- '¥ profession; eat everyth even hog’s 1s so much detested by the other Aatation, vorite dish. They live at little expense earn much; they are not inventors; but possess the art of imitation in the highest degree. oy wi'l un- dertake anything, and it appears that Providence has created them for the express purpose of acting as the mediator between the Asiatics and the nd of the West, and they discharge themselves aaast bly of their pigeon-mission. In cunning they excel the Armenians; they can ile oF dissimulate at foie venience, and to make reverences or comp’ ments are unsurpsssed, PHOTOGRAPHIC CONVENTION IN PIULADSLETITA.— This body assembled yesterday afternoe, if ‘2 hail of the Franklin Institute, Mf, Fae hilader, of New York, in the chair; Ss. Wilson, ~ phia, sedretary. Mr. Bo, ag, in his introductory Tomarks, stated that there were 8,009 photostapners in the United Staves at the pregeay nme. ew D. Bandaun, J. J. Sanya, tt “_~ = Gardwer were constituted 4 comm tee on pe nent organization, treasurer's roport Was tl ead and adopted, The cynvention adjourned to meat this morning, to hear the report of tuo Come mittee on Permanent Organization.—Phiiaselpius Ledyer, Dec. 2 ait i> or MurpeR.—The triai of Withem Pia tes e murder of his wife by pee in fade gon, Minds, has been conciuded by his conviction. ‘A notice was given Of an application for a new tial. ‘Tho motion WH be arqued yi Kye loth instal,