The New York Herald Newspaper, September 24, 1868, Page 3

WASHINGTON. Pp The Internal Re venue Bureau Diff culties. The Re‘renchment Committee doming to New York. THE TRIAL OF JOHN H, SURRATT. Interesting Decision of Judge Wylie Regarding the Amnesty Proclamation. WASHINGTON, Sept 23, 1863, New Phase of the internal Revenue Im- broxlio. . The daily developments of the internal revenue imbroghy do not tend to clear up the confusion that reigns in that unfortunate departinent of the gov- ernment. fo-day it was represented to Secretary McCulloch by gentlemen whg calied upex him for the especia! purpose that a few days ago Commis- sioner Rollins instructed the Collectors of Internal Revenue in the Wesiern States uot to assign any of the gaugers and sterekeepers appointed by Secretary McCulloch to duty until further orders. The effect of this order, it is said, has been to stop the opera- tions of a number of distilleries, and consequently the amount of revenue received by the government ‘has been materially reduced. As this new hitch in the working of the revenue business has susprised’ men of both political parties it has naturally Produced a good deal of inquiry, and the interview between Secretary McCulloch and Commissioner Rollins to-day, it is understood, related principally to this matter. In one respect the consultation be- _fween the Department and the Bureau was produc- tive of good results—another Supervisor was'actually appointed. The two magnates, after considerable discussion, managed to agree upon Colonel David 8. Goodloe, of Lexington, Kentucky, as Supervisor in the district which contains that State. Colonel Goodloe is one of the original nominations sent in by Mr. Rollins, so that it will be seen that the strongest “arguments must have been used by the Commissioner. The second Super- visor is known as a conservative republican and a Grant man, highly esteemed by all who know him ‘and never offensive in his political opinions. He ‘was recommended by several of the Senators and Members from Kentucky and other prominent men of both parties. ‘The Attorney General Looking After the New York Frauds, Attorney Gencral Evarts had an interview with the President early last evening and immediately aiter started for New York. It is said that his stay there will be but short, and thé probability is that his business has some connection with the great fraud case now being put together there, The Retrenchment Committee Investigation. The Committee on Retrenchment met. this morn- ing. There were present Senators Patterson, of New Hampsiiire, and Buckalew, and Representatives Van Wyck, Benton, Halsey and Randall. Assistant At- torney General Ashton was sworn as to Mr. Binck- Jey’s authority to, make investigations, and testified that Mr. Binckley had no such authority from his Office, and the witness had notifled the District At- torney to that effect. He further stated that Mr. Binckley had no right to investigate, and his course ‘was improper. The committee adjourned to meet at the Astor House, New York, on Thursday morn- ing of next week, at ten o'clock. The committee Would meet sooner were it not that appointinents have been already made for many of them to ad- reas political meetings, as tollows:—Messrs, Bucka- Jow and Randall in Pennsyivania, Patterson and Benton in the same State and Van Wyck in Dela- ‘Ware and Pennsylvania, Internal Revenne Appointments. The following internal revenue appointments were made to-day:— Coasters Chaves J. Muschest, for the i ae dis- trict of Pennsylvania; N. B, Jolley, for the First dis- talet of Indiana, Storekeepers—Charles H. Bi ag Milwaukee; Wiliiam R. Babson, Boston; William yy, mdf ogg pe Faact, Philadelphia; John W. Lin- , New York, and James P. Santme er, H. M. eller, Brasher Campbell, Alexander H, risto- ir, Lewis Weitzell, Andrew W. Arimstron; Hatt, William G. borman, Alexander Bollander, James K. Howard and Joseph Erwin, Cincinnatl, ‘The Georgia Troubles—Instractions to General “ Mende. Major General Meade, who commands the district which embraces the State of Georgia, arrived here from Philadelphia last night and to-day had inter- views with the President and Secretary Schofield at ‘the War Department. He received instructions in feference to the political troubles existing in Georgia. It is stated that on his arrival there measures will be taken to give the recent riot at Camilla a thorough investigation and to report the result to the Department. The General is expected to leave here for his command to-morrow. Presidential Visit to the Soldiers’ Home. President Johnson, contrary to bis usual custom, indulged himself in a ride to the Soldiers’ Home ‘about one o'clock this afternoon’and did not return ‘wntil nearly three. Hitherto his evening drive has occurred generally about six o'clock. Spauish Commercial RegulationsNew Reyal Edicts, The United States Vice Consul at Malaga has transmitted to the State Department oficial intell- gence in regard to several royal edicts ip Spain in elation to commercial regulations with thig country. One of the edicts announces the extending of the Period for free admission of foreign breadstuffs into ‘the ports of the peninsula and adjacent islands unttl the Ist of July, 1869. Wheat, flour, barley and corn are the articles enumerated. Another edict regulates the admission of gummed cotton for the Mning of men’s hate, and is referred to as follows by Mr. Geary:—A royal order of July 23, 1868, recognizing that tissues of gummed @otton for the lining of men’s hats, clear tissues of ‘Bfeen threads being included, are of common qual- ity, contain a large quantity of gum and are of iiftle Value; and, secondly, that it is not just that gum @hould pay the same duty as the tissue iteelf, as has ‘been already recognized by the royal order of Jyly 1, 1860, relating to gummed tulle for lining women’s Donnets, which since that date has been taxed forty Per cent on its valuation, and prescribes that article thirty-one of the special tariff on cotton shall alone be Bereafter applied to these tissues—that is to say, forty to forty-eight per cent by kilograms, (2,206 Pounds) op the valuation, according to the flag of ‘the importing vessel. The Court of Claims—Adjournment. ‘The United States Court of Claims met to-day at noon. Judges Milligan and Peck only were present. Having uo quorum the covrt was adjourned without Contract for Printing Revenue Stamps. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue did not de- Gide the matter of granting the contract for printing the revenue stamps for cigar boxes to-day. It will Goubtiess be settied to-morrow. Personal, Captain Andrew Bryson has been ordered to the eommand of the receiving silp Ohio at Boston on the 10th of October. Brevet Major General Hatch, Assistant Commis- sioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau for Louisiana, arrived here to-day, accompanied by General Howard, and had an interview with the Secretary of ‘War relative to the condition.of affairs in his district. THE TRIAL OF JOHN A. SURRATT. The Court Sustains the Desmurrer—Surrait Not Incladed in the President’s Amnesty Prociemation—Leave Granied Counsel to Amend Prisoner's Plea. WASHINGTON, Sept. 23, 1968, Im the Criminal Court this morging, in the Surratt ease, Mr. Merrick continued his argument, contend- fing that surratt was within the scope of the Presi- @ent's amnesty and not one of the exceptions men- Moved ip the said prociamation. Mr. Kutaie for whe eovernipent, held that by the NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1868—TRIPLE SHEET. _ act of the 19%, of January, 1867, repealing the autho- rity of th President to grant a general amnesty Congress only had the power to make such pardons, and he questioned whether the President under the possessed unl por a ose a He also contended that Surratt is in no way within the scope of the meaning of the and that he is one of the ns eX cepted from its provisions, both by person and the “designation of the offence charged against him. the conclusion of the argument Judge Wylie reviewed the case as it had been pre- sented, He said the Surratt tdictment con- | tained five counts, all of them cuarging con- spwacy on the part of the defendant. The first, second and third counts were so expressed as to render it a little doubtful whether the intentioa was to charge a conspiracy to abduct and murder Presi- dent Lincoln, or a conspiracy to give aid and comfort to the rebellion, The fourth aud filth counts were somewhat different, ‘fhe Jith contained nothing but the charge of Souigennce on the part of the defendant to commit an assanit and battery, it appeared to the couri that the offeace charged in each of them was a misdemeanor. Felony is au of- fence at common law and is followed by forfe:ture 01 lauds aud goods, or both, and very of.en oy capi- tal punishment, according to old Edglish authori In fue days of Coke there were 160 offeaces for waich | capital punishment might be iuiltcied, that being the | | penalty for every crime above the larceny of tweive suilings. Such is the force of habit aud power of | tradition that we lave to go back to the oid co! jaw to know what felony means. U: ail offences tor which tix is imprisonment in the Pe: | not felonies; a crime is a 2OF, unless the statute declares itto be a felony. The act of Cougress of July, 1862, declares giving aid and comortto the rebellion an be punished by ten years’ tmprisonmen ultentiary, ‘This is a misdemeanor, because the e does not declare it to bea telovy, The detendant has put in 4 special plea that when the mdictment was found the President's proclamation of aay 4 had not been issued. Hein the iret piace put ina plea of not guilty, and afterwards, When this session of the court on Tuesday had commenced, he asked and obtained permission to withdraw it and put in a special pi¢a The special feed amounts to this— uly last the Presi- proclamation granting am- nesty and pardon to all persons for all the offences described in that paper, and the defendant avers that this isa pardon to him for all offences in the indictment. The plea alleges that at the time it was put in—the 22d of September—the defendant was not under indictment for treason or other felony in any court of the United States having On the pas of the United States is put & demurrer is put in, It admits the tacts C should ans courts. If defective as to one it isa bad plea astoall. One of ia conspiracy on the of to commit a ss ule by the government the defendant he was under no lony in any United States court of competent jurisdiction. ‘The procla- mation of July St from its operation persons who were under indictment for treason or other fe the strict rules of pleading, Surratt that he was under indictment at the date of edu the for treason or other ielony. ‘Then no it to the benefit of the amnesty and pee Ww! a @fact, and the denial y implication admits another fact, the implication must be ited to be good, A pléa to be good must cover the hoie ground. This i unless view taken by ir. Merrick 18 correct. The proclamation is open to all offenders whenever they shall be released from the pursuit of the law from’ all time hereafter. The proclamation was a gracious act; but the sovereign ~¢ grants the lon must grantit on his own terms, and if a large ciass are included in the offence he may pardon some and exclude others, ‘Those who are excluded have no right to complain. It was an actof grace. Counsel for the deiendant argued that this court fg not a court of competent jurisdiction, as referred to in the prociawation; but the pie by implication admits that there was an dictunent for treason or other felany pending in some court, though he did not gay im this court. Admit . Merrick 18 correct and this is not @ court in the sense con- templated, and the prisoner is excluded from the excepted class, then he ought to have pleaded that on the 4th of July there was no indictment pendin; him for treason or other feiony in any United tea court of Cm bags jurisdiction. Tuis plea is not consistent with Mr. Merrick’s argument. this ‘Was hot @ court of competent jurisdiction, he ought to have wed the existence of the old indictment, because if the indictment was pending ia a0 court of competent jurisdiction on the 4th of July the lea would be good. The court after reforence to Ay] wer, and quoting the constitution f. Unit tates aud boglish aud Aierican of = remarked the word nee is not used pardon and am- the United States, or ad- the late civil wi The te whether ice charged in the indict- is* covered by this om ay The offence is certainly not treason. Is it the offence of to the enewy during the late struggle? not the ¢l in the indictment» In po single count do you iad =—stthis defendant charged with eoeemng 20 the enemy on the construction contended for by counsel, The offence charged ts fying aid and comfort to the en- emy. If giving aid and comfort to the enemy is the same thi to him, then this prociama- tion wi cover the case. What is adbering to an enemy? There two kinds of treason. One ery ing war on the government, the other adhering to the enemies of the government and giving them aid and comfort, Adhering alone without giving aid and comiort does not amount to treason. A citizen of the United States might Fi, abroad, and although h qui iment el the government it hila home and he re- fuse to come, ie would not be guilty of treason if he did not give aid and comfort to the enemy. He it adhere, but that alone would not be treason. it is different, A subject called —— roclamation or otherwise and who two held as being gu'ity of treason, ‘io this cua aah ee a must adhere to the enemy and.give him ‘and comfort to constitute crime. If he bad gone to the nd remained with him dui the war without a aid and comfort be would not have been ity of treason. remained at home the records show there w; no enemy ee not have aanereg enemy; #0, wing been iy, or ad to the 2 Sdmurrer, jhe plea Mr. _ T, asked leave to amend the plea to itin ter shape to meet the tech- ileal ob) of the court in order that it might stand in condition for review. This ao Pn oe by the counsel for the government Ju ‘ylie said the counsel for the defendant must be ready with amegded piea to-morrow morn- ing, as he desires to go to work on the tial, NATURALIZATION. The courts and corridors of the City Hall were crowded yesterday by Teutons and Hibernians eagerly engaged in “putting through” their papers of nataralization and in getting their coveted certif- cates of citizenship. Two policemen were stationed at the door of room No. 12} to prevent the distracted oMicials from being crushed by the weight of excited Irish and obstinate Germans who struggled to be first at the counter. 4 table, also, was placed across the door so that @ sudden rush from the crowd would not disturb the equilibrium of the vigilant brace of boys in blue. While the faces of most of those about the doors of the Naturalization Bureau displayed the well known characteristics of the sons of the sod, a Jarge proportion were evidently from the Vater- few een there were, too, which spoke as pl as ever facial expression spol to Lavater that the self-complacent proprietors be- longed to the nation that bullt the Alabama, Here and therein the crowd @ Frenchman shi his shoulders at the heavy Dutchman blocking the en- trance and sacre from between his teeth, when the bulky parties about and around him trod mercilessly on his dapper little feet The utmost good humor, however, prev: and although there was a good deal of crowding and shoving, no roway disposition displayed among the candidates for citizen- shi ‘Ae Judge Jones only gives one hour each business of admitting aliens to citizens! officials in the Superior Court had only to m: for fifteen ns. Ol these eigh g0 Barret ‘was busty engaged from ‘rom, twelve to three in examining the sponsors of per- sone applying for certificates and closely nin the persons themselves as to their age, the date o their arrival in this country, &c., all of which has to be sworn to. Some of the people who ted themselves with papers in hand were so etd stupid that the Judge, with his clerk, the interpreter and two or three messengers utteriy failed to make them comprehend the meaning of ti to them or to understand what was going on. The: peopie were politely informed that they conld not yote at the coming election, which seemed to have quite an awakening effect and they retired in dis- mit Some of the Germans swore to the English tormala of oath before it was interpreted to them, but, no doubt, did so with every tion of ducting t ives as good citizens, The Irish when asked in the i; : ii be tq them should they ever wander into the do- net of her most gracious Majesty aforesaid. bench, Coe ee aie in n ehune a : citizenship 121 of ey Serer eet . entire number of certificates in the Court of Common Pleas since the Sth of July is something over 1,700, VIRGINIA. General Review of the Social and Political Condition of the People—Peaceable Chare eter of the Negro when Free from Bad Inflaences—Sentiment of the Whites—A Sound Policy of Reconstruction—Views Upon the Presidential Issues und the Cane didates--Opinieus of Graut—His Policy Cane Vassed=The Satvest Presideut—Restoration of Virginia Invoked by General Grant. LYNCABURG, Sept. 20, 1868, During a somewhat extended and protracted tour, embracing the whole northwestern section of the State, 1 had many ramb!es by foot and rides by stage through the mountains and an abundance of leisure, without lack of opportunity, to con- verse with all manner and conditions of people, Rich and poor, whites and biacks, radicals and conservatives, were ia turn met, sometimes sought and generally spoken with upon all mat » Whether social, political or domestic, and it became my object, as It were, to feel the public puise and, if possibie, to ascertain its precise condition, In these frequent conserva- tions it was easy to discover that in tae last two years no little change had been effected in t enti. ments of all classes. The antagonism then existing between the races is nearly extinct, and whites ag well as blacks are beginning to realize that they are mutually dependent on each other, and that unless _ they live peaceably and friendly together both will “‘go to the dogs.”” Sambo is sensible enough to see all this, and in there has consequence been a reac- tion against his pretended friends, the carpet-bag- gers, Many of whom so cruelly deceived him in the matter of “forty acres and a mule’ “to get his vote, and now that there is no voting to be done he is flercer in his denunciation of this migratory tribe of office seekers, Everywhere the negro was at work, and the splendid crops that pre- sented themselves on the roadsides through this fertile section of the Old Dominion were an ample demonstration of an era of good feeling. Naturally disposed to indolence and all the vices that human flesh is heir to, the negro, when encouraged to be a vagabond and 1s misled by his white superiors, as he regards them, becomes not only worthless, but a nuisance in the community where he resides ; but take away these bad in fluences and he easily acquires habits of industry that make bim a valuable acquisl- tion in a Southern climate. Meeting quite an intel- ligent specimen of the Congo, whose name I found to be George Washington, one day recently, I remarked to him:— € i “Well, George, how do you get along now?” “Berry well, massa. Got plenty work, pienty to eat, good clothes, comforable cabin, whar de ole wo- man is, and the childer, an’ reckon dat’s much as any nigga wants.” “Who do you live with ?”” “Qld Massa Jim Thompson. Been libin wid him since de war, all de time; neber lef him ’cept once, but I soon cum back.” a did you leave him then, George?” “Weil, se most ’shamed to tell bout dat, All of us niggas turned fools an jined de league, an’ ‘tended meeting all ober de country, an’ left work an’ didn’t ‘tend to nuttin. So old boss cum to me and say, ‘George, dis ting won't do; you got to stay here to work or quit.’ So I takes an’ quits and kep’ on runnin’ bout after de speakers; but I neber made nuilln dat way, nor neber got no lan’, so I cums back and tella ole Massa I dun tired doing nuiiin, and wants to go to work. So he say, ‘Go ww work, George, and stay atit, So I been to work, steady since, sir.” “Do you belong to the league still, George?” “No, sah. De man what do all de talking dun gone, lef dese diggins, Got no use for him, an’ eberybody gits scng better widout him.” “But you are a radical still, aint you, George.” “tse a pubiican, but dey say a good Loa called folks are turnin dimocrats, and I tink I'll g’: jong and see bout dat. De white folks all dimocrats, an’ shu’ an’ certain dat mus’ be de mos’ 'spectable, an’ I know We gits no lan’ less we p= for it.” Such are the sentiments of the negroes in all local- ities where they ave free from the demoralizing tnfu- ences of Northern adventurers and Southern ex- rebeis, who are devoid of ail comuon seil-respect, Tainded poopie they atiempt te aupe ee 1 mit oan bind bo salely Maid tote ie & political and cial revolution in progress among the whites, prejudices are be! rapidly abandoned, and in some instances I found the doctrine of State rights superseded by @ just appreciation in the minds of Virginians of their true reiations to the general gov- ernment and the duties incumbent yeen them as good citizens of It. Indeed, they ail feel that are citizens of the Union, to which they gwore all ce, and the most intractable and flerce that were are ra- pidly becoming disposed to take a calm and sensible View of the situation. The aversion to the “Yankee”? graduaily disappears before the much better and en- nobliug quality that welcomes the immigrant who comes to settle in Virginia, no matter from what section, with @ cordiality that “does the people the most ample credit, and social inter. course is at once established and the true basis of reconstruction inaugurated. The constant prayer of the entire people finds an echo in the encouragin words of General Grant, ‘Let us have peace.” UI war they have had enough, and of henge misrnle and anarchy an over-abundance tuat makes them long for the return of an era of Logie and good feeling, which they have so much lacked since tho termination of the struggle. On the Presidential question J pune the white people generally in favor of the election of Séymour and Blair, from their natural aitinity with the de- mocracy; but though this is the case, there is a pre- vailin; among @ great portion of them that tho tlectida of Grant and Colfax will be pas} as acceptable. The issue here is thi speedy settlement of the ‘“n ” which Seymour and Bials ore pled, pod. a lew ag bers suppose can be more ly the elecuon of General Grant, who th y beitote wilt be President in fact. If the comb lofi 80 de- cides I have no hesitation in sayt of Virginia are wil to piace their destini fait bands of the General who actea eee wards Robert E. Lee and their ot! Cay ha ‘Whose course towards the haart has been ent on ion tuat Grant would int President of the reapien and 5 as the fe, an not the radical party he would act ind to wards the South, confident i nation’s fen robation, matter what the ultra radicals mi SEE & + 5 iH § 2 = a woe ft a 8 preven + impresa tinong” the peopl issue m0} on e here that Grant is not ne Begin tote tok ot negro suffrage, consequently negro F that if he cannot modify ‘the present conuition of the Southern States in this he will at least throw no obstacle in the way out the WORSE NOTES. The programme of the racing to come off at Je- rome Park, beginning on the 6th of October, is now before the public, and it excels anything ever before offered for a racing carnival. On the opening day there will be four races, in three of which seventy- eight horses aro entered. The fourth race is two mile heats for all ages, the entries to be made here- after. On the second day five races will come off, on the third day five and on the fourth day there ‘will be six, Lady Thorn, since she changed owners, has been unfortunate. Mountain Boy has beaten her the sun shines. Hippodroming pays well. Kentucky has faitien and all hope of him in racing form is abandoned. ever getting ¢ oun stewart, the owner fad the i soaay v0 a wenty. mi Wagon on Tuesday, hin tniies within the hour. THE REVOLUTIONS IN SPAIN ‘The History of Spanish Revolutions—What ‘They Have Eifected—The Accession of Fere dinand the Seventh—The Insurrections of 1529—-A Partin! Fallure—The Democratic AdeaAbrogation of the Salic Law—Chrise tina, Isabella, Don Carlos—Civil War—Na- ture’s Convulsions. : A few mornings sMee the country was electrified by a telegraphic despatch from Madrid, via Parts and London, announcing that in the absence of the Spanish Queen, who was on French territory, seek- ing an interview with the great enemy of her race— the Emperor Napoleon—and poss!biy an alliance of such a character that her throne might be secured to her against every possibie chance of local conspiracy or political fortune, and, not dreaming of the near- ess Of the spectres that, enshrouded in the drapery of revolution, tracked her footsteps to St. Sebusiian, the sword of tate fell between her andthe immediate future, . The announcement was to Isabella as the death knell to her race and the hope of every Bourbon, Cut 0% from her capital; possibly unadvised as to the extent of the machinations and the influence of her enemies—subject8, but no longer leal—informed, oi the defection of the best squadron in her y, Which, lying off Cadiz, had turned its guns y y on its fortifications; of tne cold esteem ne Was held by even the “loyal” of her land forces, of which that inveterate conspirator, General Prim, is unquestionably the favorite, and finally, of the fever of revolt, which, like a vast and‘ rapidiy-spreading conflagration, was overrunning the peninsula of the ancient Iberian race. We are informed that on the 19th inst., while yet at St, Sebastian, a despatch was placed in Isabella’s hands advising her of the uprising—of the advantage which was taken by the unquiet, progressive splrits of the kingdom; and at once deferring her intended Journey for Biarritz, where she was to reside en Famive with the Empress Eugenie, her former sub- Ject, she turned her face toward her capital, trusting that once safely within her palace her presence Would reassure the wavering, the irresolute, give heart to the truly loyal, keep her Cabinet intact, and by active, bloody, extreme measures check thé revolutioi against her persoh and throne by extirpating by the hands of the heads- man or by precipitate exile its authors. But, as has been remarked, the conflagration raged with a flerce- hess which even the political incendiaries of the kingdom could not have hoped for, and the progress of Isabella was impeded, checked, Despondingly she again returned to St. Sebastian, where, it is re- Ported, she now rests, awaiting the tide, the ebb and flow of events at Madrid, where desperate men on both sides are like gladiators in the arena, laboring with that flerceness which political hatred engen- ders for the mastery. Is the government of Spain at this moment in actual danger? In asking this question we do not take into consideration the status of Isabella or the accession of the Duke de Montpensier, now in exile in Portugal, and who 1s the only Orleanist Bourbon that would be of the monarchy, through his wife the Infanta, daughter of Isabella, the Queen’s son being at this time of small account in the calculations of the poiltical chess players in and out of Spain, We would liold in the event of the accession of either of Isabelia’s children, or as king consort the Duke de Montpensier, the son of Louis Phillppe, late King of the French, and therefore an Ofleanist success which Louis Napoleon would be slow to countenance, there would be no radical change, ex- cept in that of men, in the government or its ad- ministration. To content Spain in the last half of the nineteenth century something beside the unsaddling of ong set of monarchical cormorants and the plac- ing in their seats persons of the same faith in politics but hungry for want of office and patronage, is posi- tively necessary. General Prim, if he hopes to remain master of the situation, will, therefore, being radi- calty liberal, turn not only a governmental icono- clast, but a builder up of a structure that will place.the grand old Spain of Ferdinand and Isabella, of Chatles the Fifth and his astute son, Philip the Second, im the front rank of the nations of Europe; no longer a second or third, but a first class Power. ‘o effect a purpose so atatesmanlike is the dreain of soldier Prim and his coadjutorsin vhis grand Work, not less than political revolution. Therefore it is tuat Wo hear, and in no uncertain voice, at the very moment the bauner of reform, of resurrection raised, the cry, “The beg cp snr of the people's an “aj ee to the nation,” and this too before a 8] 1g fired, @ sword unSheathed—this when the aoiive service la the Held by whe wulercate ie nonor ut ie! ie adherents in of Isabella, ‘ ei But will this revolution fail to the Fround—will it be sappressed a8 was the erugaie of the people of the peninsulg nearly four decades ago, when hol, alliances and foreign troops were called in to crush the aspirations, the hopes of tne struggling people ? It cannot, Should the Powers which surround Spain, should France, Austria, Prussia and Russia, forgetful or Piast lessons aud present incertitudes, ‘tntervene’’ ali Europe would presently be convulsed, and the * les,”” long sincg indoctrinated with the ane jeg of republicanism, would rise as one man ie thraldom which political traditions have rors, around, seeking to fasten them to the earth, ind in their irenzy sweep, never to reappear, into the gulf of oblivion every dynasy or antinental and insular Europe. . it cannot be denied that the thought of Europe is gravitating toward revoiution—toward political uality, fo who are not within the concentric circles of the leading minis of the Old World—com- by, ‘ing all Europe in its outer circum- and then by others gradually encircling King- doms and States and provinces and districi lo not feel the great heart-throbs that send to the very tremes of those areas of civilization the prayers r elevation and for progress, as in the human bod: e oxygenated bit leaps near and remote throu arteries and veins, to it life and strength, Already are heard thé mutterings of the storm in Italy. Itg people are tired of their monarchy: It has disappointed them, They do not meet with that pro political and social, of which they have dreaming for years, and therefore at any hour we may hear that the Italian, iike the Spanish pe- Nihsule, is lighted up with the fires of revolution, out the ashes of w! may arise, in all-perfect beauty, the soul of ttiat liberty which while it implies in- dustrial in her devotees makes them equais fore the law and in cach other's political future. ‘he present revolution is not of itself of to-day. o1 ia really due to events which transpired half a century ago. The inroads of the and the fipal subjection of the kingdom to Napoleon I., who placed a member of his family on the Iberian throne; the loss of the Spanish colonies in South America, of the principal of which she was bereit in 1810, the bad faith and tyranny of Fer- dinand VIL, who on the 26th of March, 1814, was, by the treaty of Valencay, permitted to re-enter the er op of his fatuers and ascend its throne, almost wd he very hour when, the Allies, victorious over the oped of Napoleon, were, unopposed, entering, with banners fying and bugles braving. his imperial t that hour the revolutions which broke out in 1819 and Cog the peninsula until the Hoiy Alil- ance ended it, and with the sirong hand crushed the liberal aspirations of the pie, the revolution which now agitates the Spain of to-day was born. Age has not weakened it. from a dwarf child it has grown to the stature of a giant, and as the years eee. around it it will only grow the mightier, until finally and forever overwhelins the peninsula. Ferdinand, in the day of his restoration, promised the Spanish people many reforms, and finaliy, in his decree of Valencia, afinounced that he ‘detested, abhorred despotism,” “that the sy] were ever liberal,” and finaliy pro- mi that the Cortes should be assembled and that accord to its resolutions should he, Ferdinand, govern the ‘ions of the throne in both hemispheres, In these promises do we find the of all the revolutions which have afilicted Ferdinand, who disclaimed tyranny, became & despot, and his promise to rule as a constitutional king should, in obedience to the wiil of the as ex) through their Legislature, lat declarations of the one to acorn, while at the eawo time With the military he ground the people to the mene! he This of el rey adsoluto upon the great body of his subjecta, who, although he apparently did, for- got not his prom! and at first secret organizations of @ dangerous Re! litical character were formed— to the ie, but undefined; and among the promoters of these were many of the ablest gen- erais of the monarchy, Ferdinand, doubtless, heard the mutterings of the storm; but they were distant @nd indistinct,! and he, less wise than Canute of Brit in his vanity thought he could chain the rolling waves and bid the winds be still. In the year 1819 so unsettied had the minds of the prope become that convulsions were looked for, and ere were those who prophesied that the reign of Ferdinand and his abominable ministers, the priests, ‘was nearly over. In March of that year the conspl- racy of General Laray was exploded, aud elglity-vine of his oMcers, many of whom had fought for Ferdi. nand, were condemned to death, and this while Valencia was in revolution, and Spain throughout on the verge of an outbreak that might have paralelled the horrors of the first French revolution, had there been resolute minds to lead the indignant populace in their assaults on place and power. In September of that year another revolution was on the polut of breaking out, th!s time in the army, but countenanced by the wealthiest citizens of Oa- diz, and which, but for the treachery of General o would doubtless have resulted in an up he conspirators and a pitation of the Of twenty assembled v at Cadiz avout to be embarked for thousand. through the active means of the Yrato, were made dislo These were to have been mnarened “on Madrid 2 Gen- eral Donnell, the restoration of the coustitution of 1812 and the Cortes, both of which had been abrogated by Ferdinand, demanded. The Ot nd in "Pasaing gover many minor attempts to a oi si over Dt ist the King or ‘ighten him into a return to th made in nis address of 1814, we come to that epaote that epoch in the revolutions of Spain which, like the prevent spread with unequalled rapidiiy from pro- wince to province, and would fnally have conquered ‘had not the governments’ which sustained the “Holy Alliance” forced—Franee sending 100,000 men across the frontier—the people toa mock obedience to and a hollow truce with a ruler whom, in his soul, every Spaniard abhored, always exceptng, of course, those facile creatures who everywere are to*be found on the side of tyranny, aud who are ever ready to bend the supple Knee that thriit may follow fawning, O'Donnell, through whose doubie-dealing the conspiracy which he had so assiduously promoted was destroyed, hastened to Madrid, where, mi ug Known to the King what a savtor he lad been to the Spanish throne, was thereupon decorated with the ribvon of the order of Charles ti Third, and his second in command, ‘sfleld, rawsed to the rank of lieutenant general, ‘The — treacher: of O'Donnell was subsequently discovered, and he was at’once removed from tue chief command; but, being too powerful a noble, he could not be punisued for disloyalty and duplicity, as were, with tueir lives, many of his foliowers. ‘This little avuir, while tt exhibited ia a broad light the temper of the soldiery, cid not reassure the government. They doubted the “loyatty” of their otlicers ar ould place no reliance on the common soldiers; for, with an empty treasury—aud to supply which the government was subsejucntly necessi- tated to transfer the Floridas to the soveretgnty of the United States for the consideration of flve millions of doliars—how could they snub the aray. The insurgents, however, with their cries of the “Constitution of 1812” and a full restoration of the Cortes, went secretly to work. ‘the army was mainly relied on by the liberals, and again on the Ist of January, 1520, a rising took place wnich resulted, but not until after a prolonged struggle had taken place, in forcing the King, first to recognize the constitution and tie.supremacy of the legislative branch of the government, and equently to re- sign to the people and the law-making body, whose powers he had despised, his power by establishing a ney. is har in this place, wholly useless to enter into the full particulars of this great democratic movement— for such even the tory historian Alison acknowledges it—but a bricf outline of the events which were crowded imto the round of a year or two may not prove uninteresting, This time the ending consDirators against the su- premacy of Ferdinand were not so unwise as to make known their plans to the generals of the army. Only those who were ambitions and trusted in the events of the future were initiated in the conspiracy, the development of which, although for weeks every- thing for its furtherance had been in complete readi- ness, was from time to time postponed until the first day of the year 1820. This time Riego, whose ro- mantic career, great achievements and melancholy fate have rendered his name Inmperistiabie with the inuse of history, took up the sword in behalf of liberty and human progress. With shouts for the constitu. tion of 1812 he gathered around him a@ host of enthusiasts, 10,000 in number, and advanced on Ca- diz. For atime, with his coadjutors, he was tri- umphant, and the goverament at Madrid, frightened bythe events that were transpiring near the chief maritime city, whose surrender to the revolutionista was demanded and refused, gave up all as lost, Subsequently, finding that Riego did not make that progress—aithough everywhere gheered by the peo- ple, few, however, of whom joined his standard— which they supposed he would, Ferdinand and his advisers were encouraged to look around them, and hastily gathering together some 14,000 soldiers—ail deemed to be loyal—despatched them to the seat of war of insurrection. It is not of moment to our brief allusions to the revolts and successful revolu- tions in the Spanish peninsula to speak of the career of Riego and Quireoga. They met with much success; but finally, as the peopie, wou approv- ing of the conduct of the insurgents, would not add to their numerical force, Riego, with Only three hundred followers, destitute of everything, while despairing of proving of service to his mether-land, yet not willing to acknowledge his defeat by ac- cepting pardon from the tyraut who had promised 80 much and yet made Spain worse than a land that had been devastated by sword and fire, threw hitaself for the time into the recesses of the Cordllle- ras, while Quireoga sougut shelter beyond the realm. Through the montis of January and Feb- ruary and the first week in March Kiego’s forces were the lope of Spain, their faiiure its despair. ‘The misfortunes which happened to these insur- gents fnade Ferdinand still more arrogant, He had made vecret treaties with certain Powers and, like Isabella, had deemed his throne Lape ettigen on the necks of the Spanish people. He looked not back. He had forgoiten his promises to the nation—had forgotten that on the pathway of kings and princes, not less than on men of commoner clay, Nemesis delighted to walk. While Ferdinand and his government were con- gratulating themselves on the suppression of an in- gurrection which promised at one time to unseat the ruler and restore something hke freedom to the roaning, impoverished people, whose commerce iad waned and whose industrial interests were no longer fostered by the court, the flame of revolution again burst forth, and simuitaneously, in several provinces of the kingdom, to the confouud- ing of those who, sitting at Madiid, had announced that all was serene and secure. Says Alison, ailud- ing to this second revolution of 182), and which fol- lowed so closely on Kiego’s failure, ‘The blow struck at Cadiz resounded throughout the whole of Spain. Everywhere the movement was confined to the oficers of the army and a few citizens in the seaport towns; but in them it took place so simultaneously as to reveal the existence of @ vast conspiracy, directed by a central authority, which embraced the whole penin- sula.” "Against this formidable movement, which the Cabinet at Madrid never even had sup- ed possible, it was soon found impossible to com- at. it was @ “democratic fetid 3 BY elsewhere cails it. The democratic idea, which had been crushed in 1814 and 1815, had sprung from the earth where it had Jain prone and seemingly dead, aud everywhere throughout Spain it had suddenly become “master of the situation.” Thus,’ con- Haues Alison, ‘‘feil the despotic government of Fer- the pricstd* o9f, $pam—the work of the nobles and lace.” The King “suuht.the, army and the popu- eople,” a “decree was tasued calling Pit 4ed Of the Biave convocation ot the Cortes” and the constitu- tion of 1812 was declared the supreine law. Revolutions never go backward of their own voli- tion. The people began to demand more than the constitution and the Cortes. The “democratic idea” was hering adherents every day and everywhere; and as success sat upon its bauner it advanced from conquest to conques' int March, {32 althongh peace had at no time been fully restored to distracted , insurrection reigning paramount in one proviuce or another— what may be caiJed another revolution was or- ized by @ biped of the troops. In addition to fie cries for the constitution came up near Turin that of “Death to the Austrians.’’ So rapidly did this disaffection spread that Ferdinand was found to re ‘ize it. The Prince de Carignan was sent to the citadel by the King, and everywhere his ears were greeted with cries that too plainly told him if areign of terror were to be avoided his master, Ferdinand, of “giorious promise,” must retire from wer. Not only was there danger of interior trou- es commencing that would Mae = on ag exhaust a kingdom already nearly impoverished, but the pos- session of the body of the and liate War with Austria were apprehended. Prince Carignan re- turned with this demand on the part of the soldiery to the King and a council of the princes of the royal family was immediately through whole of the t resolved to be allies of the Holy Alliance. He wouid not consent to retire from the throne, but finally, contrary to ad- vice, as a necessity which could not be avoided, left the capital with his family, surrounded by @ large escort, proclaiming before he did so Prince Carignan regent. It was o virtual abrogation in his person of all king); wer. Ferdinand, however, looked for a day of bloody retaliation, Thus was tlie revolution of 1820 consummated. The regency procialmed the constitution and the jople were satisfied. The constitutionalists held Perdinand in a sort of honorable captivity and a liberal ministry was formed. Spain would now have returned to law and order, to the pursuits of agri- culture and commerce, had not the monarchs of Europe resolved that the ple on the Iberian peninsula should be serfs, not frecmen. The con- gress sitting at Verona authorized France to march an army into Spain, an army one hundred thousand strong, Ferdinand was removed to Seville by the arty in the ascendant. The fortune of war was, Rowsver, against the constitutionalists, and the resence of the French forced the Cortes to declare ‘erdinand “re-established in power,’ and on the 20th of September, 1 he again resumed control ot the kingdom. Misfortune had not taught the Bourbon toleration. Immediately upon his entrance into his capital the work of vengeance commenced and was continued for years, The noblest fell under the sword of the executioner and terror reigned iy ails thd. wife, Christa, daughter of Ki 8 aug! Francis of Naples, Ferdipand had @ child born te him, the present Queen of Spain; but as the Salic law prohibited the accession of a female, Christina induced her husband to abrogate it. This act led to another revolution, or, more roperly, civil war. The brother of Ferdinand, nce of a male heir to the throne, had to in the imme- m Carlos, In the abse assul be diate line of succession. Partisans in his in- terest worked both within and without the court for the restoration of the Salic law, but with only partial success, To quiet Carlos the prohibition was iestored; but the Queen-mother resolved that her enemies should not only be overcome but her daughter made ruler; caused the King to reaffirm his first declaration, and, beside, proclaim his wife Bon of the kingdom. ‘This was in October, 1832, rom that time (there were several attempts at patel Lig in ba a ar taged — bho 8) ly put down,) civil war unt july, 1840, | wi Don ‘Carlos’ last eral retired army. Ferdinand, which took piace tember, 1832, Isabella, who was but being born on the loth of }, Was placed on throne at La there ts Save won the wits toe waren no ie contended had not England aud Prauce igen idl: October, 1 fad shone the same time Doe Carios was napoiding, the claims of the fms ‘et another revolution broke out in 1340. It was intamten caused by the Cortes ing @ new ayui to law, which abolished certain municipal rights of Spanish jor, The Savoie 6 ae last, how- ever, as it rested on no tdea in which the of the people were interested. sdealcond Since 1340 many insurrections have been combat- ed by the authorities of the peninsula, but none so serious as that which, commencing in 1319, continu- ing until 1823 and involving the “democratic ‘ad and therefore unworthy the name of revolution, 1880 the eldest son of Don Carlos, who claimed to be his helr to the Spanish throne under the Salic law, made an attempt at revolution, trusting that the ‘Spanish. people would countenance tim. in & Somewhat Quixotic effort to overthrow tus cousin Isabella; but this movement was soon ended by his arrest and that of his brother Ferdinand, both of Whom were permitted to leave the kingdom on con- Gition of their signing a declaration that all claims to the throne were abanaoned by them. This attempt at monarehical, revolution, which, beyoud the hopes of the immediate adhereuts of the oun 00 pnd Whe consina olf the throne, created no HéAlion or abiding feeling among the people; bu! When (1-63) General Prim, whois How about to lead in tue revolution inaugurated the other d took the ‘fica’ in behalf of tho consi. tution and the people, as did Riey in 1820, the great heart of the nation Was stirred to ita Profoundest depths, Tuat revolution was, indeed, shortlived. There were, doubtless, reasons for bringing it to an unsati to Porvugal, but he iia y close. Prim retired ot been idle, He has n slept at his post. in Mexico and the United States he embraced the™democ lea’ —tivs idea which led the people to final success after years of civil war, in 1322, but which a ruth) niholy alliance crushed, Will that “idea”? nov in anhapp; Spatn? In possessions that w ers in South America there have recently revolutions, earthquakes more ter: results than any of her civil wars. Ar convulsions portents of those ¥ i the Spanish people from the leth: and bigotry and ignorance of generations and make them what noticed in their 2 mighty to arouse they were in the sixteenth century—viriual masters of the worlkl—a world which Charies I. of Spain oe V. of Germany) and lus plotting, cruel son, hilip If., governed ? After all, amid revolution and storm, amid victoi and defeat, the ‘democratic idea” governs, and will henceforth. growing more luminous and powertul with the years that are to roll like great tidal waves upon the world, until in the political heavens it shall be to all statesmen the effulgeat orb, giving lightand Neat to the enactments of the governments of the beuples, NORTH CAROLINA. Riotous and Tumultaous Conduct of Nes groes—Incendiary Speech by a Carpete Bagger—Assault on a Hotel—The Negroes Quieted—Their Departure by the Train, GoLpssono, Sept. 21, 1868, A few days since a scene unprecedented in the history of this village was presented In the streets, ‘This being the junction of the North Carolina and the Wilmington and Weldon roads the trains bearing the negro delegations to the radical convention at Raleigh were compelled to halt here some three hours on their return home. There were two trains, consisting of passenger and box cars, filled with about two thousand negroes. A majority of these were under the influ- ence of bad Hquor as well as incendiary dppeale from unprincipled white men, who headed rather than accompanied them. Aman from Ohio, named Heaton, seemed to be the generalissimo of the black mob, for as soon as the dense mass emerged from the trains he mounted alarge wooden box and pro- ceeded to harangue the negroes in the most ap- proved radical fashion in the South. His sentiments regarding the rights of the negroes, including not only political, bui social and even property equality, were met with the most deafening cheers from the excited Africans. ‘These became aroused and frenzied to an excess that wag fear- ful to witness,*particularly as most of them were armed, Added. to all this the negro garrison, both soldiers and non-commissioned orl- cers, here joined freely with the mob and drank vile whiskey with them from tin cups in the streets, At the conelusion of Heaton’s harangue, such was its import that numbers of the negroes were heard to say they “were ready. to cut the throat ol every d—d rebel in the town,” wiich proposal was sec- onded by the soldiers, wha, with their Distal “were Tealy to shoot the d—d rebels.” Heaton then ad- vanced in the direction of a hotel, where he met and deliberately insulted a white spectator, who Te- pint by @ prompt blow, which occasioned a ght of short duration, tie parties being pesmpey, separated by men who had some regal for the peace and securily of the village. The man who was insuited by Heaton was forcibly removed into the hotel, and this was the signal for a general assault on that building, On caine a crowd of yelling negroes, but the doors of the hotel pelle stoutly barricadedthey couid effect no entrance, and in consequence an indiscriminate as- sault was made upon it with brickbats and every conceivable missile that could be brought into re- quisition, This was continued for some time, when another attciupt was made to force open the doors and probably butcher the inmates, which was fear- lessly and resolutely met by some half dozen men armed with revolvers, which exhibition again drove For a wiile the town ids back the infuriated Africans. was in a terrible state of gamult and Pre ce Only averted @ bloody m: had the negroes once tasted the blood the; rated for the scene would have been fearful. Men and women ran hither and thither, arming themselves with what- ever they could procure, fo defend themselves agamnst the maddened Africans. The negroes of the towa Joined their brethren, who, with deunken colored soldiers among them, roamed the streets, which soon became destitute of any whites. Aa influential gentleman here happily approached Heatoa and as- sured him that i a riot was commenced the negroes. would be the sufferers, and, as he had chicily aroused them to their present excited state, he bezged him to calm the storm. Tis Heaton wisely set about doing, and, the train shortly afterwards arriving, the biack mob left the town without any casuaily of a serious nature having transpired. ann_FELLOws. Third Day’s Proceedings of the Grand Lo'ge of the United States—Appointment of Come mittece-The Semi-eCentennial Auniversury. Bautimone, Sept. 23, 1363, At nine o’clock this morning the Grand Lodge was called to order by Deputy Grand Sire E. D,. Farns- worth, the Grand Sire being ill. Prayer by Repre- sentative Perkins, Grand Chaplain pro tem., when the Grand Lodge was declared open for business by Representative Page. Past Granda Sire Nicholson then took the chair, and business was proceeded with. On the call of the roll of standing committees for business the Committee on Constitutions presented @ lengthy report, which was ordered to be laid over under the rule, the other committees not yet being ready to report. Pursuant to the recommendations of the special committee appointed on the Grand Sire’s report, the following committees were appointed :— On Nalional Jubilee (the 26th of April, 1899, being the s¢mi-centennial anniversary of the Order's ex- istence tn America)—Past Grand Sires Kennedy, Cy New York, and Nicholson, of Pennsylvania; =. sentatives Ford, of Massachusetts; |, Of : sas, and Smiley, of Tennessee. x On Australian Maiters—Past Grand Sire Veitch. of Missouri; La agp Lamberton, of Pennsyiva- nia, and Fitz! jagh, of Virginia. + On Suspended and Expelled Members—Represen- tatives Lillis, of Wisconsin; Rusha, of Louisiana; Se of Maine; Harris, of Georgia, aud Clark, of lowa. On Public Press—Representatives Venable, of Ken- tucky; Ellis, of Marylaud, and Havenner, of the Lis- trict of Columbia. Amendments to the constitution were then consid- ered seriatim. Upon a call of the yeas and nays to make it requisite for only an eleven-twel/.i vote, instead of @ Unanimous vote to change the uawritten work of the Order, it was lost by 63 to 52. A vote being taken to change the name of the “Grand Lodge of the United States” to the name of the “Supreme Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Had Fellows,” it was indefinitely posi poned. Upon the question to substitute the Word “four- fifths” instead of the word “unanimous,” for a change of the unwrittea work, it belug put to vote it ‘was lost by 63 to 50. These proposed amendments were variously dis- cussed for two hours. Upon the remaining proposed amendments, of greater aud less importance, an ini- deiinite postponement of thew cousideratioa was ire G, Sire Kennedy, from the Special Committee on National Ceiebration or Jubilee on the seri tennial anniversary of the Order, reported, re mending # celebration by each jurisdiction ata on tral point therein, and of Philadelphia being desig- nated as the place for a sort of nauoual convocation by such as could come, Where a couipivie lustory of the Order should be embodied in an eration, to be there delivered, with other appropriate veremonies. This recommendation was adopted. Rep. Mack, of Wisconsin, ‘row Lie commitiee ap~ Pointed at the last session for a revision of the Ger- man work, made an interesting report, which was referred to the secret session for final acvon, purtic- ulars of which wil be furnished to tue jurislieaons tively by their grand represen atives. Grand Lodge then resvived itself into secret session. NR Rice Bieys 1N THB COTTON Fine rom gentle. men of Edisto Island and Christ Church we learn of @ most singular fact in relation to the rice birds. These birds, which are so desiructive to the Fico crops, have red in large nutmbers on the coast tils season. We learn from the even above alluded to that t several cases deseiied the rico flelds and have commenced & vigorous « (ack on the cat in the cotton Hells. Of course tis aytack is at fea date to efiect a preservaliua of we crop, but itis the first instauve of tie Kiud we hate ever known.—charieston Courler, loth List. *