The New York Herald Newspaper, September 18, 1868, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1868.—TRIPLE SHEET. | EUROPE. Napoleon as a Smoker and France in a Tobacco Haze. Politics, the Cpera and Gam- bling in Germany. Democratic Progress in England and a Rothschild on Disraeli. British Policy in War and England's Alliances on the Continent. By mail from Europe we have the following in- teresting details of our cable telegrams, dated to the 5th of September: — Letters from Aix-la-Chapelle mention that the city of Triero (Treves), Rhenish Prussia, is fully armed and prepared to sustain a siege, the garrison num- bering twelve thousand men. Rhenish Prussia is alive with troops and forty thousand men are ready to seize Luxemburg and fortify themselves there should a tciegram from Berlin order them to do 80, FRANCE. Madawe Hugo’s Funeral—Art agd Literary Notes--Musical Items—Gossip from Paris, Paris, Sept. 1, 1868, The death of Mme. Victor Hugo, which unexpected and sad event happened on the 27th of August, has been the occasion of desp sympathy for the great writer, her bereaved husband. The public papers have all shown as much respect for the memory of this excellent and faithful woman as they would have done for some high princess whose virtues had entt- ted her to love, and the feeling has been so universal that the Pays has attributed heartfelt regret to a po- Aitical demonstration. ‘We do not like,” says that organ, “to make any noise about a coflin, and we ‘understand all the delicacy called for bya painful and legitimate grief; but we will never permit tears to be made the means ofa political propagandism, without right or reason and to the detriment of truth and justice.” The writer then proceeds to state that Victor Hugo ts no exile; that he is quite free to come ‘and go; that as Mme. Hugo expressed a wish to be buried iu France near her daughter, Mme. Vacque- Tie (who was drowned with her husband eight months after their union), Victor Hugo could accompany her ‘ody to this last home; that the airs of a pretender ‘bf royal blood do not become him, for his presence on French soil would not occasion the slightest un- easiness to Napoleon III, Victor Hugo, however, did not come; be accompanied the body with his two sons, Charles and Francis, and an immense number of friends, many of whom came from Paris, to the station of Quievrain, the last on the frontiers, then turned back, after @ heartrending farewell of the coMn and the remains of a much beloved wife. Camille Berra, Henri Rochefort, Paul Meurice and many others were present. Three or four friends continued the road and performed the last duties over Mme. Hugo at Villeqnier, near Havre, where the Vacquerie and Hugo families have a vault. The brother of the deceased is M. Paul Foucher, of the Independance, and she was herself a writer of great ability. She is the authoress of “Victor Hugo, y a Witness of His Life,’ and other works of less importance. A marbie bust by Clesinger, the son-in- Jaw of George Sand, represenis her in all the pride and beauty of her youth, when both she and Victor Hugo were very poor, and the best friend of the latter a poor, peasant looking man, with thick soles and nails to his shoes, soiled linen, threadbare coat, and nothing to recommend him to attention but a pair of large eyes—only thts retiring, modest and ‘uncouth Tuan Was Laménuats, ‘The adinirable privile family ali over the world; writer of “N tre Dame,” th death, too, must find place Tespondence—it is that of the eccent Whose sitange existeuce has so long der of Parisicns. “ihe Persian,” as he was called, is no more; he died of congestion of the brain, sud- athis apartinent in the Rue de Rivolt. 1s Was so long Leen & riddle | given up guessing who Re unight be been. He was never kt | {public or show any sign provat, His means were that his name was Ismail; annual pengion from tae Bug! tered 1 his yout + grave by the Legation in Paris, I lave ies the | ties al the opera; be was ulways 8 \ sane Bt always wor sa | an skan head covering, the ng, | straight coat, with wise cuts, and always turned | bis hands them us abont in J. Whether Patti sang or time, be looked exw | could 4 | 0 francs for his rooms es by the month, thu same hour rouad the t woud, t his mea r ‘y day att t restaurant, that he purcha: his fruit same sum for the choicest ssable, never would we it from where it antless years, earer eighty than seventy, there was no vhy it shoud not go oa, like the sun, fe hen the season began at the operas he hand over a note of 5v0 francs to the gentle- f the administration and waik in until the box opener told hit his subscription was up, he wouid | iuen Land over five hundred more. Whenever he went tothe secondary theatres he would put five frances down ‘on entering and take a seat where he found oue vacant, Once only did ‘he depart from uni- formity—a lady of the demimonde took @ box near hia seat ut the opera, whereupon he walked over to the other side of the house, ‘That was ile. monstrative. Un another occasion the Persian A bassador, being on a visit to Paris, waiked one nigh into the 'Persian’s box, and Ismail, stead of stop- ing till the end of the piece, withdrew atter tue ret act. The aged old riddle will be greatly missed by habitués in lugh Life. i Tuere is troubie with Pasdeloup and the Theatre Lyrique, of which he was to be the manager, and indeed all had been settled—artists engaged, tie leader appointed, Kichard Wagner put to work at an opera and rebear: begun, but the lease had not been signed between Mr. Pasdeloup and the city of Paris, When It e to this the future manager Giscovered that he would have to purchase all the decorations and et by Mr. Caryailio, Now these stage appli- valueless in the eyes of Mr. Pasdeloup and in those of any others, myself included; neverthe- jess they are put up at Lie price of 836,000 franca. ‘As they Were made lor operas and pieces which the new Ean y of has no idea of having performed, he asks what he is going to do with them. ‘That is no- Dody's business but Mr. Pasdeloup's--at least he is told so, The government paid Carvalho 100,000 franca to keep up the theatre, and the poor man jost a fortune of his own by it; not only that, but all the poor musicians who wanted help were sent to iin to encourage—and didn’t he encourage them til organ grinders were sent in too! ‘The 100,000 tray of the city did not pay atall, Mr. Pasdeioup kr ail these drawbacks; that the repertol en paid the hat he was in w nightingale.” Why she was notin New York last season I cannot imagine. A manager who could in- duce her to sing there need not doubt that he would | reap a golden harvest by the speculation, The King of Prussia was at the concert, He arrived pune- | tually at the time appointed for commencing and ia spite of the heat stayed to the very end. They tet me that he is passionately fond of music an Rer- | must do xo before that ¢ Places. M. de Montalembert is still an invalid, as he was dashed out of his and M. de Bismarck fell from his horse; the Duke of Cambaiéres fell from a preci The academicians have been or 8 long time too, polis! speaking, which is less harrowing to the ribs. ‘The Emperor has proposed that these immortals shall number sixty instead of forty, and lovers of wit say that the twenty to be added will have elastic seals. Since M. Nelaton has been nominated Senator re- marks have been made about his wealth which he refutes. He contends he was not so well off as m peo- ple say, for that until he was thirty he kaew nothing of beet! unless it was boiled! His notions of povert) are somewhat like those of the unfortunate child, Louis XVIL, who, when told by Marie Antoinette, one day, thats little boy was so poor he had no bread, Wondered why the child’s father did not give him some cake. ‘These luxurious ideas remind me that Chevé, of the Palais Royal, the great comestible deaier who excels in trufied turkey, is about to marry a Mile. Rond—just the sort of female to make @ round match. The nuptial banquet is to be princely, We who, when children, were taught that we were human flesh, and in latter times that we are cannon flesh, begin to think it 18 alla mistake and that it ia good for nothing but to be fed by this Chevé. A-curious sulograph has beea found in some fam- ily papers. It 18 as follows:— Let General Bonaparte pass. TALMA. It was a free ticket from the unserpassed trage- dian when Napoleon I. could not spend Lis pay on the theatre, the same Napoleon who once hired a whole hoses in order \o see a parterre of kings enjoy them- selves, Napoleon as a Smoker and France in a To- bnece Cloud. The Liberte of Paris of September I has one of the most singular artycles that ever proceeded from the pen of M. E. de Girardin on the situation in France, in which he says:— The Emperor Napoleon possesses in the highest degree two soverelgn qualities—goodness and swe ness. If he were not endowed by nature with these ualities we should have had after December 2, 1851, despotism and @& despot, whereas we had only tyranny without a tyrant. If we lived in times whea james were attached to Cab he would have been cailed Napoleon “the well-meaning.” How are we to explain the fact that Napo- leon deserves ail praise and the empire all criucism? It 18 because the Emperor's qual- ities are neutralized, not by a defect, but an error. Led astray by the example of his uncle Na- poleon L, who valngloriously dated a decree about the Theatre Francais from Moscow, he tmagines that it is requisite for his present prestige and his future glory that he should conceive and execute every- thing by himself. But would it not have beeo better to leave the Theatre Francais alone and to bring back the army safe and sound from Moscow? Zhe Kneperor does not vanish liberty because he ts ofraid of it; he banishes liverty because he believes that he were to allow itt to expand its wings and take light it would pre- vent him from accoutplishing the great things he dreams of, do not say what he conceives but what he dreams of. To smoke is to dream awake, The Emperor smokes an immense number of cigarettes, and when he smokes France appears to him as grand as it appeared Uttle to him under Louis Philippe. And because France seems to bin to be great he persuades himself that she is great. Sincerely believing that the greatness he is dream- ing about he has realized, he cannot understand how there can exist minds sour enough to prefer the shadow to the booty—in other words, individual liberty to national greatness. This is not ill meant on thé part of the Emperor; it is a simple delusion, ‘The moment this illusion—which is kept up by the drunkenness of tobacco—is dissipated, France will become Sree; not partially, but wholly Jree. GERMANY. Life at Wiesbaden—King William’s Visit— Discontent of the People=The New Opera “Star,” Mile. Artot—The “Institution” of Wiesbaden=The Roulette Table of Ger- many and the Race Course of America Contrasted—Riding and Driving—Scenery at Bieberich—Duke Adolf’s Famous Paluce— Prussian Dowination Everywhere. WIESBADRN, Sept. 2, 1868. Coming here the other day from Ems tn the wake of his Majesty the King of Prussia, I could not fat! to remark the much greater outer display of loyalty made by the Wiesbadeners towards their new sove- reign, in all probability stimulated by the prospect of the pecuniary advantage arising from the presence of “a real live king,” and one by “divine right,” too, at their genial watering place. The hideous Prussian flag is ubiquitous here just now, but the real feeling of the people 1s the same as that of the inhabitants of Ems, and, indeed, of all tho capitals of the annexed States with regard to their change of rulera—they are dissatistied with it, The administration gave their fourth concert in the Grand Saloon so well known to our citizens en voyage. The programme was @ good one, and the artists employed were not tofame unknown. We had Signor Naudin and Mile, Artot, who has been the “star” of the Amert- cans at Homburg for some time past, especially by her singing in “Faust.’? She quite took the audi by storm last night by her brililant rendering of b, forse @ lui; but I preferred the exquisite ro- nee from “Mignon” which she sang subsequently. Asan enthusiastic foreign gentleman observed to me, “She 5 like amt angel and sings like a loo ast night 1 betver than Ad he came out and waiked E his subjects, “with Nis martial ound him,” he looked every ineh a bluit oid This evening the weekly ball takes place, at which he will lead of the dance with the fairest of the gay Wicabaden Srauieins Linbling saloons are to be closed forever on the sist of December, 1572 The flat is gone forth and Is sald to be irrevocable. Those who would see Eins, Wiesbaden and Hombarg in thelr gala dresses te, as aiterwards they will sink down into the dead alive condition e, and become a resort for invalids alone. Kursaalé wil be kept open by the respective towns, but a sinall charge will haye to be made for entrance, and there will be an end of the maguiticent concerts, bails and feces with which the respective adiuinistra: tions now seek to amuse their guesis, I do not ine of AIx ia case, which ts adorned with the stuffed heads of the various stags shot by the ex-duke, with the name of the killer and date of the death ed to each. Wherever practicable stag horn is the material of the furniture of the sitting rooms, There are candlesticks of of si stag horn, horn, even the snuffers are of and close by a writi table, inlaid with Staghorn, stands a stag's h With open mouth, ar- ranged so as to do duty a8 8 waste paper basket. ‘The walls are painted with stags in every conceivable position, both dead and alive, and in one room I no- ticed a print of Sir Edwin well known icture “The Sanctuary.” Charming as this residence , and connected as it is with his favorite sport, it is nevertheless three years since the ex-duke visited {t. Old associations must render his former residences distasteful, and therefore I am not to learn that he intends giving up his palace af Bieberich and constructing for himself a new home at Frankfort, mia Cn ae bought @ house belonging to oue of the The palace at Bieberich 1s hermetically sealed Against visitors now, for the good peonle of Bieberich have not behaved very well to ct-devant B0v- ereign in his adversity. The park and gardens would be closed also were it not that it was of the bar- in between Duke Adolf and tam that the firmer, although allowed to retain the palace, with ita appurtenances, to use a legal phrase, should not alter his former plan of throwing the and gar- dens open to all comers every day. dens are beautifully laid out, the park is splendidiy timbered, and the whole Bere in good order. Bieberich 1% therefore @ good halting place, much better in fact Jor the pleasure seeker than Wetsbaden, : Although I write this from Welsbaden my tempo- rary home is Biebrich, the latter being cooler, more comfortable and in every respect preferable to the former, which, however, is accessible in twenty minutes by rail, the trains running frequently and up to alate hour. The sunsets, as seen from tlie gar- den in front of my hotel where I dine and breakfast, are literally past description. The bluish green tint of the sky is relieved by banks of ney red clouds, and the Taunus hills stand out boldly from this glorious - background, although their outlines are toned down into areddish brown hue. As I sat one night and watched this sccne the stillness of the evening was rudely broken in upon by the Prussian trumpet call for the troops of the garrison, and my reverie came us abruptly to an end as this my letter will do. ENGLAND. ‘The Morale of a General Election=Closer Union of the PeoplePower of the Wenlthy Over the New Voters—The “strikers” nud Their HopesNecessity of Public Education and the Ballot. tend to set myself ap as an apologist for gambling, although I believe the passion for it to be one of those (hings which no legisiation can eradicate; onl, I wish to observe that with regard to the s0-caile’ German “hells,” the old, old story of the mote and the beam ofien repeats itself. I was talking to a Puritanical fellow citizen the other day on this subject. He was bemoaning the wickedness of a government which allowed such things to exist for a single day, but seemed by no means disposed to with ‘my assertion that there is more immo- rality engendered aud unhappiness produced and a hundred times more money lost upon the turf and in the ringin America and Engieud in one week than there ts in all the German gambling ea in a whole year. The gambling tables at Wiesbaden are open all the year round, except during phe montha of ganuary, February and March, so that it ts quite The hotels redtive thelr prices, b rature by sruifictal ropos of contin | hotels, there is a pracuce, Jements of which are of long standing, ‘but 1 seeus Only recently to have assumed such proportions on the Rhine is that of the '4 in the hotels pestering visitor’ to bay pho or eau de cologne, or cigars. It hus } now quite a nuisance, and a mild remy ec against It is not conducive to future vivillty { Wie waiters. rsing upon the gambling here T omit one important fact, viz.:—that ued by law to be in operation sat Wiesbaden, or Homburg, a they Of course this lessens the gains o| a winter resort. ny increase their tem) A and grand opera were prohibited at the Lyriq still he came forward. It is feared he will tind the city the worst female of the capital. The Gymaase has had rather a good run with “Panny Lear,” but the piece la In reatity poor. ‘The Finpress had'some idea of hgving it played at the Palace of Fontainebleau for the foie now being given to Comte and Comtesse Girgenti; Lui she rejecved it when told that i was someWw lat Gal Tonle, Mr. Thierry, the administrator of conCdie srangaise, has squested to organize > other pula spec: be Moustier has arrived from Marseliies some ustonishinent has been expressed reparaiiuns are carried op on #0 bat tue Empress has ever shown muck any members of the Spanish court Tuileries. Some afirm that the daughter oi i la has a private message from the Pope to the Liapres#, butt would affect the court very little, Notice has also been taken that Prince Humbert and his young bride Margherita paid visits to all the Huropean courts and wot to the French. This might have mduced diplomatsts here to make much of Ue other couple. the bank ve , a8 Sundays used to be one of theit most prot ; for On Sunday Wiesbaden ig crowded wit from Frankfort and Ms p iy fe ‘Train afier trata comes in laden with visitors | Men, women and children come for a day’s pleast | at Wiesbaden, and these good people ased to sacri- | fee many # Morin at tho shrine of Dame Fortune. For their #ukes, as well aa for the American ani | Penghen visitors, it is # very good thing that the | croupiers have @ holiday on Sunday, now that the | three before-mentioned watering places bave been | appropriated to Priesia, thanks to Count Bismarck. | Just now Wiesbaden ‘ia as hot a¢ a furnace= ctr- eutastance whieh ts very beneficial for the invalids, | bur most objectionabie to the pleasure seekers. | The | only way to get a breath of air sometimes Is to | mount the adjacent heights, and this course is pretty generally adopted. ‘There is # regular exodus tn the afternoon, between four and six P, M., of persons in keareh of fresh air. ‘The modus operaadi ia to take | one of the open carriages which atend about in | dozens waiting for hire, A novel idea here is to have on hire small mail phaerons, or double dow Some complaints are being made that the Ha | carts, drawn by a couple of stout cobs or ponies, t agency gives no despatches from Spain, bur what | which one drives one's self, ‘The Jeunesse doree con- has the said agency to say! Nothing. hverything | sider it the thing’ to drive about thus at great ex- is in the same sipte; it would have to inven! news, | pense, as if they had been used to a carriage all and anything like tnvention from Spain is out of the | their lives, and if they can get a lady to sit beside question. I have an item, however, from the Bay of | them their satisfaction t# complete. By Two high Spanish dignitaries went out last One of the pleasant drives frou Wiesbaden ia to week for a sail. ‘They were MM, Marfori aud Beida. | the Piatte, the hunting box of the ex-Duke of Nas- One of them 18 Minister of the Marine Department, | sau, which, together witn his palace at Biebrich, his but he had never before seen the sea. He took the | chateau at Koeningstein and the Greek chapel at rudder and steered so well that he turned jilmseif | Wiesbaden, where lie enshrined the mortal remains over in the waves—Dboat, friend and all—jast the on- derside over, Neither could swim. Now what, I have been thinking, State and the navy and the Marine Department if th gentlemen had not been reached out of the water’ Manes of Vasco de Gama, did ye linget near? and thou, O Nelson, what thouglt thou of the scene not far from Trafalgar? juus great men have beem dropplig out of other would have happened to the of his wife, he was allowed to retain as his private property when he was despolied of his duchy or re. lieved of the cares of state, as Herr Bismarck would fay, by the Prussi ‘Tne Platte is not a very pala tial residence, but it is worth a visit for the strange- ness Of the eXterior and for the magnificent views, extending on 4 clear day as far as Spires, which are obtained from the windows, The interior of tho house las Deed sacridved Ww @ syigudid well simu. Lonpon, Sept. 1, 186% As intimated in my last the liberal party are not likely to gain a decided majority from the mere fact that a bill has been passed which increases the num- of electors by four hundred thousand, The union of the Catholics with the liberals will do more to secure @ liberal majority than the new Reform bill. The Reform act has ‘enfranchised an element which al! admit easy to be cajoied or bribed, Among the newly enfranchised class the majority have no prin- ciples to sacrifice whichever way they vote, and the acceptance of a bribe will involve no compromise of conscience. This is the general fear and conviction of the electioneering agents at the present time. Whereas it cost something like £1,000,000 sterling to return the defunct House of Repre- sentatives, it is anticipated that this election will cost double that sum, ‘These are the con- clusions to which the canvassers of the different constituencies have come to on the replies they have received from electors themselves. I have heard many men say they would vote for those who would give them a ‘“gutful’? of mest and drink. I have heard others say that they would only vote on the condition that their “rates” were returned to them. The rate paying clause does not go down with the unintelligent and lowest class of householders, ‘They repeatedly say, “‘We would rather be without votes than rates as @ qualification.” Indeed, the impression you get from @ conversation on hearing one is that the lowest class of householders in Eng- land have not the faintest 1dea of the importance of avote, They have no ideas at all of the moral uses or effects of voting right or wrong. The only idea, and that is supreme, is “meat, drink and money.” Any man that can supply these plentifully may de- pend on the support which brutality and ignorance and depravity combined can give. This will be the case to a large extent if the resulta of canvassing at present are to be depended upon, In the city of Westminster the services of John ‘Stuart Mill are likely to be lost owing to this state of things. He has offered himself for re-election on condition that the electors return him free of ex- pense. He refuses to give o shilling towards the cost of his own election, Owing to the enlargement of the constituency, and that enlargement consisting princlpally of persons utterly unable to appreciate ir. Mill's abilities and clains to a seat in the legis. lature of the nation, his re-clection {s endangered and improbabie, The following statement was made by one of Mr. Mili’s committee:—“That all the cos. termongers (a large class in. this part of London) and the lowest class of householders were pledge¢ to the tory candidate, a man whose tdeas are three hundred years behind the times at leasi.”” Yet such is the fact that enfranchised “stupidity and glut. tony’ are to defeat and swamp the intelligence of the most renowned city in England. ‘This one case ts sutticient to Mlustrate the urgent and growing necessity for a grand system of national education tn Engiand. Itis also a reflex of things m many other places. What the country will do suppcsing Mill is thrown out at the Westminster election tt is scarcely possible to tell, but it is proba- ble that some of the towns where depravity and ig- norance are net dominant will recarn him in prefer- ence to some of the standing candidates of less note and of leas use in the House of Parliament. A system of feeding voters goes on here a long thine before the clection takes place. Sacks of flour and potatoes, legs of mutton and articles of clothing are delivered at places where such things were never seen before in such quantities, Frying pans are in hours of the day aud night, too, and the air ay distances tells you that many are making haste to get drunk and bilious at the same time, Of course the carrters of these supplies don’t know who sends them, Others are transported suddenly to the seaside, where they are regaled with all manner of delicious things. This” class, I am told, never get to the seaside except at an election, No doubt they are in favor of suorter lived Parlia- iments than Would suit¢he pockets of many of their supporters, Several members of Parliament were almost ruined by this kind of thing last election, There are more voters now, Consequently more mouths to be filled and many more sighing for a breath of seaside atr and all the other little Indul- gences that an English election brings. in other cases men consent to be run away with when they are equaily afraid of voting ior tories or liberals. In iMuatration of thia I may mention a case that occurred at the last election, in which aman was afraid to vote for either tories or liberais, ds he was equally obligated by the favors of each party. The day before polling day the tories, as could not vote for them, sent him away that he might not vote for the other arty. The other por were = enr iis disappearance, as in a close contest a vote is of great value, and this happened to be one, His clergyman was sent after him, but to, no purpose. The man was gone and nobody knew where. No doubt he was bread and merrily spending the time in some sequestered watering plaice, where he would congratulate himself on the ‘idgni aud privilege of being an Engliat elector. ‘These facts are standing and undeniable filustra- tions of the couscientiousness of many that rr! Pan ry and achieved Parliamentary honors, and al: of the intelligence and worth of those support them. A great deal of “tiis sort of thing’ expect edin many ees where ignorance and want of Ee will allow of transactions that d fugiish elections in the estimation of every free and enlightened nation. The ballot would do & great «deal to end this discreditable system of corruption and the middle and intelligent classes would rejoice to see it become the law of this country. But the tories don't like it and are everlastingly de- nowncing it as an un-English institution. They say it is d sneaking process and as every true-bora Englishman condemns and shrinks from. ‘This t# (he Line of argument the tories adopt when speaking of the ballol, and of course it goes down with the guilible and stupid class to whom they com. mend this kind of logte. itis the opinion of several of the leading statesmen in this country, the fore- most of whom is Joha Bright, that there will never be any free exercise of the franchise until vote by ballot has become the jaw of England. Until that tine comes there will be immeasurable vassalage and immorailiy committed at the elections, Money is no object jany that aspire to Parliamentary life in Bngland, Tt is notorious that some individuals Pay AS much ax £4,000, and in solne cases £12,000, for election ‘ing €Xpenses, This shows how abundant the purchagable ele- ment is, Notwithstanding all theae discouraging aspects of the political condition of English elections the lbe- e ral party will undoubtedly gain a decided majority. ‘The intelligent working claseea are true to iil ideas, and 00 amount of fn would induce them to contradict their deepest convictions by vott for the tories. The pure middie ¢ § are also un! against the tory party, and are earnestly supporting the return to Parliament of men whose opinions are known to be the saue as those held by John Bright and Mr. Gladstone. ‘Then the union of the Catholic party with the liberals on the Insh Charch question will add considerabiy to the number of liberal repre- sentatives returned. ‘Thus, while the tories gain something where igno- rance prevails, the liberais will triumph where m10- rality and intelligence are found. The Election Canvase—DimMculties of the Libe erals—Too Many Candidates. Tn England the election canvass was in very earn- est when the Russia sailed from Liverpool. f jon Spectator, speaking on the chances of the parties, thinks the liberal chiefs should devise some system for restricting the number of liberal candidates, Who are in nn | boroughs treading on one another, to the danger of the party. Some mode of Winpowive Whom Wanted wich eed OB de- Cony entletnnets sae Sorweice shay, ak sabes, penal being “ruled ou: ‘The practice of applying to well known liberals. for their opinion is not @ good one; it is too like nomi- nation; and the “previous ballot” does not work cite decision. ifthe pr =? t stem aes nt eee Mr. ~j any candidate wi the previous vote within the party itself, t have & considerable effect in remedying the existing con- fusion; but even these would not get rid of the men put up by the opposite side for the express purpose of divisions. m The four members for the city of London— Baron Rothschild, Mr. R. W. Crawford, Mr. Goschen and Alderman Lawrence—issued a joint address, in which they aay:—The act of 1807 for the representa- tion of the pe pple has materially changed the condi- tions under which the city of London will be called upon to take part in the ensuing general election. ‘ou have been selected, with a few other large con- stituencies, for the —— of testing the operation of @ novel political expedient. The electors, who have hitherto enjoyed the privilege of returning four candidates of their choice, are now to be de- order to secure the f jority. But before this minority can claim to erur; @ member, it must comprise an adequate propyrtion ofthe cngirgytr| Af it falls short of such @ proportion can it be Parliament Intended, or theit the comreen Tees approve the surrender by tite majority tion of the represen‘ation? | We have refrained addressing you with refdrence to the coming election until the effect of the extension of the fran- chise upon the relative strength of the liberal and conservative parties had been well ascertained, ‘It appears that large as was the liberal majority at of 1865, the accession to its ranks which it has since acquired is such that the mimority, a8 we are advised, will not reach the number which would entitle the conservative party to expect to re- turn one member to Parliament, even under the new system of limited voting, With your assured nume- rical by yen the liberal party in the city can still return four members, It is, therefore, our grateful duty again to place our services at your disposal; and relying on @ continuance of the support we have hitherto received from you, we shall approach the contest with every confidence in the result. ‘There are to be two conservative candidates for Manchester, One has been selected in the person of Lord Grey de Wilton, son of the Earl of Wiitoa, Mr. Gladstone sent the following ietter to be sent to somebody who has asked him what he proposed todo with the revenues of the Irish Cnurch:—Mr. Gladstone desires me to acknowledge the {(avor of your leiter of the 22d, and, in ti ond to the question therein contained, to atate that he has many umes publicly stated that in bis optnion the disposable property of the Irish Church should not, when it is disestablished, be employed in the endowment of any other church, Mr, Gladstone fears that those Tew who are unaware of this are, peruaps, not very willing to be informed, The Chances of European War—Duties and Relations of Great Britnin. [From the London Review, Sept. 5. At this season of the year a sieep and a forgetting fall upon the affairs of Burope. Ourown Parlament is prorogued, and the Legislative Chambers of the Continental Powers are for the most part in retire- ment also. Premiers and their colleagues are at the seaside or ruralizing; leading politic.ans are seeking repose; the crowned heads of the Old World are drinking the waters at pleasant German spas or se- ductive Mediterranean resorts; revolutionists are re- cruiting, side by side with monarchs and ministers, and a general tranquillity spreads fora moment over the vexed scene of European diplomacy, * 2 In this sleep of statesmanship, however, there may reams, may, there must be. Mr. Dis- raell’s brains do not he idle because he is not in dail attendance m Downing street the Emperor Napoleon and Count Bismarck do not cease to watch cach other because their respective Parliaments are scattered to the four quarters; the Ozar is mindful of the Cretan question none the less because of the general repose; and Garibaldi still looks towards Rome across the heat and silence of the waning year. What do all these potentates—im- perial and royal, ministerial and revolutionary—de- sign for the approaching days? What are they plan- ning in their holiday meditations? In what respect shall we benefit or suffer by their seeming inaction? As yet it is all dark, and, as usual with men in the dark, we are driven into ego The Caucasian Mystery at the head of in England may be prepar! for us some tremendous surprise when the new Parliament assembles; and the state of the Continent muy receive Heaven knows what moi cations ere the advent of the hew year. The present condition of Europe is so evidently provisional that it behooves us pare ed what ought to be the policy of England in certain éventualities which may, per- haps, arise. It is generaily assumed that we are, under all circumstances, to be guided by the principle of non-intervention; but it is pretty certain that in some conceivable cases we might not be so guided, and, even supposing us to pursue @ pacific path, it will not be easy to avoid expressing sympathy With one side or the other in many poasi- bie disputes. First in importance comes the great question of France and Germany. We have on two or three occasions ere this protested against the alarmist tone with respect to this subject adopted by many continental and some English papers. [tis by no means certain that either France or Prussia con- templates war. There is doubtless a war party in both countries, but there is @ peace party too, and in some respects It looks as though the re- spective governments inclined to the latter rather than to the former. Count Bismarck is certainly not at the present moment making haste to absorb or devour North Germany, and the Emperor Napoleon and his Ministers utter no word that is not emphati- cally in favor of the preservation of amity, M. Magne, the Minister of Fi ce, said recently at a banquet at Dordogne:—* Peace will be lasting because Europe needs it sad the Emperor desires it, France is strong enough to abstain from war without danger of being accused of weakness, for no one has any interest in disturbing her. And the Muniteur de Carmee, contradicting some statements of the Vord, afirms fi. that there were never more soldiers absent from their regiments on leave than at present, and that the only miitary exercises now taking place are those at the camps of Chalons and Lauuemazan. Still, though appearances are in favor of peace, it is a8 Well to consider the possibility of war. Sapposin, such a disaster to occur—supposing France and Prussta to be engaged in a deadly struggle—what Would be the posture of this country towards the disputants? Should we preserve our boasted neu- trauty, or should we be sucked into the vortex? If the iatter, the war would be European, might expect to see @ repeti- uu of the events of sixty years ago. It is hardly to be supposed that in such+a contest we should be found on the side of France, nor would it be desirable, Yet could we take the side of Prussia with any advantage to the ultimate condition of Europe, or any respect to the best principles of our own rule? Prussia is stil despotic, and seems likely to remain 80, Her great aly in a war with France would probably be Russia, and this would give to the struggie all the character of a “legitimist” crusade.” The “divine right instincts of the Prussian King would be intensified by the fervor of the occa- sion, and in some measure Warranted by the enthu- s#iastic support which he would be gure to receive from his people. Russia would not give her countenance on any understanding favor- able to liberty, and it is hard to see how the independence and unity of Germany would be the gainer by such a compact, while it is quite cer- tain that other nationalities, such as Poland, would ea ea in a still more hopeless position than that Which they now occupy. As to the action which Italy would be itkely to take in such a contingency it is hard to form any opinion. Italy is out of love with both her patrons, and just now i ppa- rently even more disliked than France, But in an case, the issues to be tried are not such as an Englis! government should be disposed to favor from one op of view or the other, The unity of Germany @ desirable object, and it is most natural that Ger- mans should wish to accomplish it; but we do not as yet see any of those spoutaneous movements for amalgamation with Prussia which, 1850-'60 we saw in #0 many striking forms all over Italy for union with the brave little sub-Alpine kingdom, and in their absence, we canbot resist the impression that the objects of William I. are rather dynastic than national, rather self-aggrandising than patriotic, rather reactionary than progressive. On the other hand, any attempt on the part of France to check even the most arbitrary movement for the fusion of the several an States into one great empire— unless we suppose the thing to be done in direct de- flance of the wishes of the German people, which is highiy improbable—would be so unjustifiable that England could not regard it in a friendly spirit, except at the cost of sacrificing all the highest prin- ciples of her modern policy. Complete neutrality under such circumstances would be the only proper course to pursue; and we are the more particular in insisting on this because it is the cue of some of our apers to encourage an antagonistic feeling toward ran dan indiscriminating worship of Prussia, ‘The adfairs of Italy are rife with other difficulties with Which our Ministers will have to deal. The Roman question is as fat as ever from being settled, though it is in no respect leas necessary that tt should be settled, and that ina sense satisfactory to the Italian people, while not forgetful of the claims of the Pope as the head of # chief division of the Christian Church. Unfortunately, the — natural erpiexities of this question are indefinitely creased by the action of the Pontifs tmperiat matron on tieone hand, and of the revolutionary leader cn the other, Garibaldi, it 19 reported, has resigned his seat in the Italian Parliament, and, if 80, it is Wo be apprehended that he contemplates & repetition of the disastrous movement of last year. What better chance of succeeding he has in 1868 than in 1867 it would puzzle (Edipus to discover. If he again moves towards Rome, he will find arrayed inst him the strength and determination of France. A collision between the raw forces of the Liberator and the highly trained and perfectly armed regiments of the Pope's Imperial triend could only have one result; but the renewed discomfture of Garibaldi and the regeated action of France as the obstructor of Italian aspirations, might lead to a state of affairs in the Peninsula ¥ threatening to the tranquillity of that of Europe. | Left to themselves, and to the nataral evolution of events, Italy and the Pope are certain in the end to come to an agreement, Distracted py the opposing influences of native tora = and foreign tnverveners, the solution jpg! tponed, and the prosperit e Proanwhile be serigusiy? endangered. Disorder in & pretext for a quarrel eu Italy, moreover igh offer posing thove between France and Prasat to be really desirous of a*rupture, and the animosi- ties of Gaul and Teuton might be fought out over the bleeding body of the South. Here again are eventa- Alicea Whick the goyerament of Buglaad would do weil to consider taneetiny with 1 view to shapti that is likely toroocur ? ft pessina Soom. U we turn our eyes towards the East, we find = ger, certainly to Jess than those to which we hay mm adverting, and ca) perhaps, of spreading ait into yet more formidable dimensions and still gpver resulis. The prospects of the Turkish empire touch very intimat on those Of nationality which are among the most imy elements of the suture af rope, The Servian pembers of that discordant family dream of an independent king- Blavonic stock 100k to while the Greeks not un- ir brethren uader tho sceptre of King George. The insurrection in Crete m bly me thi nucleus of a general Hel- lenic movement, which t bi the whole East. ern question to a crisis, | How far the Cretan rebel- jon can be considered onal rising is involved in considerable doubt. persistance with which it is maintained looks aj if it was something more than the effervescence Sieocniacitad tribes: e incon; ity of the population of Europeanfurkey, the tendency of the people 2 uarrel amoty themseives, of part of unprejudiced observer cency the prospect of pang A which hol ther manny jarring forces. & strong natbnality could be formed in Eastern Europe, we shoul of course be delighted to see it arise; but if the is between Ottoman supervision and anar Russian predominance, we must be excused for «siring the continuance ot better educated breakup of the Turl for indepe Euro} the South andjn the East, many difficult and dangerous complicatons lurk beneath the calm of the moment; and we only hope that the gov- ernment and the public ojinion of England are pre- pared to meet the future Tith a policy at once tem- perate and assured, ROME. The Pope Again tn (amp—Travel by Rail and a Dificalt Rond=Reception of the Holy ¥ather—Dining at ‘Mess”—Napoleon’s Di- plomacy—Politics ani Finance. | Rome, Augnst 30, 1868, ‘The Pope made his secojd visit the other day to the camp at Rocco di Papa, bit this time to the Zouaves, The day being very fine aid not too warm, I deter- mined also to go, but on horseback, fiom Rome, for ali these Roman railroadsio not tempt one to use them unless from pure necessity. It would really seem that this is what theydesire, judging from what the company does. The fist class carriages are very dirty, and to pay one’s ticlht there are all sorts of dimculties, If you innoceitiy give a bill of five lire (by the by the small bills hive not been suppressed, as I was told they were tobe) you don’t get your whole change back again|to go and return from Frascati costs somewhat ujder five lire, and if you incautiously give a gold piice you must take your change in copper. The 10th was the day o! San Lorenzo (St. Law- rence)—‘‘San Lorenzo, gyn caldera, nut che poco dura.” (St. Lawrence, great heat, but which lasts little.) However, as I said the heat was not tremen- dous, thirty-one degrees catigrade, I started at four and at eight was already & Hannibal’s camp, only five minutes before the arrival of the Pope. The crowds were immense, but generally of the lower and middle classes. Of dplomats I saw only the Belgian minister and some Spanish attachés, I am told Count Sartiges would aot come for fear of some legitimate demonstration, declaring that he had ter todo with it this time, as it was “une séle fami , Pius the Ninth seems in splendid health and looks wonderfully young and fr for remember he is in ear. ‘The enthusiasm of the his seventy-seventh Zouaves was tremendous. After the mass, which his Holiness said in an elegant tent arra asa chapel, many people were sdmitted to kiss his foot. 1 saw the King of Naples aud his brother Count Bari among the number. The Pope, after breakfasting, left the ramp and went to dine at the Greek Abbey of San Basilio, at Grotta Terreta. ‘There resides for the summer months the Cardinal Vicar Matteir, who, with the Cardinals Borromeo Clarelli and De Luca, was in- vited by his Holiness to dinner. I was also very hun- 'y and would have taken breakfast in one of the little Les oeh gr cafés, of which there were several in the camp, but for some friendly zouaves who took me with them to their mess room, where they gave me an excellent dinner. These gentlemen, being almost all aristocrats—I speak now of the officers, but it 1s the case also in many instances among the soldiers—have aristocratic tastes, fine linen, liveried servants, silver spoons and forks. The room itself is very tasteful—all made of Lyey 1 will not detain you longer at Rocca di Papa, but pass on to tell you what the le telegraph will give you warning of to-day prob: that Sartiges is at last named a Senator of France, and that Banneville is namea here, This is the way Napoleon disposes of his diplomats when he wants thelr places; not a bad way, as they get thirty thousand franca a year. But one of the French Embassy, with whom T am very intimate, assures me that his now ex-chief re- grets this forced retirement. Diplomats, like hunt- ers, from habit, can last, be useful and enjoy ran- ning a very long time. I hear that Castro, the Spa- nish Ambassador, has given his demission; but this astonishes no one. In Rome we are accustomed to_a new Spanish Ambassador every year. Everything continues quiet here. It is too hot in Rome and every where else in Italy to conspire, even in the shade. En revanche—we have storms of another kind all over Italy. The French maiis were detained four days, the railroad over Mont Cenis having been broken up in two places. This wag the case also with other Northern It n railroads, We have had frequent and violent storms of wind and rain at Rome and indeed ail over It These storms have oaly moderated the intense t for a few hours. However. they must have a beneficial effect on the heaith of the country, as we have no cholera and but few fevers. Vesuvius, too, a friend just from Naples tella me, has become menacing. For some days past there have been loud defonations, with volumes of smoke and luminous jets formed of burning stones thrown high from the crater, The lava now, as in the erup- tion which happened six months since, seems to be harmlessly tnclined, stopping high up the mountain, near the crater, Lsee that the Correspondance Italfenne publishes the final protocol for the division of the inscriptions of the public Pontifical debt, according to the con- vocation of December 7, 166, signed Cambray Digny Mataret. The Roman journals are silent on the cl. It would seem to them, if they mentioned it, like Sanctioning des faits dccomplis. FOREIGN MISCELLAKEOUS ITEMS, A perfectiy white magpie was reoentiy slot near Liege, Belgium. ‘The eldest son of Don Juan de Bourbon, infuenced by his partisans, haa recently oMcially assumed the name of Charles VII. Great preparations are being made in Wales to celebrate the majority of the Marquis of Bute. His income will be $1,500,000 in gold a year. - It is reported that the Duke of Aumale has offered his house at Twickenham, England, as a permanent residence to Mr. Rochefort, the spirited editor of the Lanterne newspaper of Paris. ‘The curate of the village of Ober-Ursel, in Nassau, has been fined $30 by the court of Wiesbaden for haying called Count Bismarck @ rascal in a public a a The Duke of Aumale arrived recently at Prague, en route for Kéniggritz, where he intends statying the campaign of Bohemia, and especially the battle fleld of Sadowa. The restaurant proprietors of Paris recently con. vened a meeting to establish the uniform price of oysters for the winter season, and after much dis- cussion fixed the rate at one franc ten centimes, or about twenty-two cents, per dozen, On the birthday of the Emperor of Austria he re- ceived @ telegram couched in the friendliest terms from the King of Prussia, which infers that for the present there is no fear of any great dimeuity in that quarter. Since the return of Prince Napoleon from his trip it is reported that he endeavors to persuade the Emperor to secure the Rhenish frontier, even al the risk of a war. M, de Moustier, It is stated, supports the Prince in these arguments. A poot iad was recently brought before the Lord Mayor of London, who asked hin whence he came, “Pm Irish ” “Have you ever been to sea?” “Weil, that’s good,’? replied Paddy. “Does eo in perhaps think that I came over in 4 wheel- row?" The consumption of ripe grapes within the city of Paris is estimated at about 8,570 tons for the year 1864, besides those cultivated within the limits, of which no return can be obtained. This year the quantity will probably exceed 10,000 tous, as the grapes are remarkably good and sweet. A committee was formed In Paris for the purpose of awarding a prize of $400 in gold to the best essay on “How the French Nation can Recover its Legisia- tive Power.’ Seventy-five essays were received and the prize was divided among four. Messrs. Berryer and Jules Favre were among the members of the committee, ‘The inhabitants of two villages near Acqui, say, having been on bad terms for some time, recently delegated ten champtons each in order to fight the matter out, who met well armed with pistols aud knives. Before the police could separate them sey- eral At og killed, one man haying twenty-seven kuife wounds, A decree was recently 4 in Poland order- ing all hack drivers to adopt the Russian costume, Accordingly on the day fixed by the authorities they Ht chi their dress, bat what was their dismay ing fined two roubles each for not havin chi their whips for the short handled stock au: lony her thong used in Russia. ‘Two ladies, to all appearance in an interesting po. sition, recently attempted to cross the Prussian fron. tier at Babberich, and on being questioned expressed their wish that thetr respective children should be vora on Prussian oll, he Custom house ogi brated with great ceremony in Munich. “pranted for. gran Town Council contributed one thousand doring toward § the ors arrived from various sor, and various addresses were aiite took compassion on them, intro‘tncing them to his wife, and strange to say, they were, before leavin safely delivered of rorty-ii Sasol deliver rig-five bladders full of spirit, 1a On the 11th and 12th of last At the Aftieth an- niversary of t! ication of Professor Gabelsberger’s ography Was cele- ‘ne Odeun and Hall the was the fesiival ral expenses, On gene! the about one Lear A seventy visit. ermany, @ from Vienna, A memorial medallion was to the house formerly occupied by the Profea- ronounced by the rent delegates from other cities, The principal feature of the proceedings was the establishment of a German Stenographic Confederation, having te centre in Munich. CHINA. The Rurlingame Treaty Opinion of the Imperiob Tientsin Treaty Revision. {Frorn the Pall Mall Gazette, Sept, 4.) As regards its external relationships the Celestial Empire calls for more attention at present than is has done since the year 1860, when an allied French and British expedition advanced to the capital and the convention of Pekin was made, supplementing the treaty of Tientsin, which had been agreed two poare DESViOUNy. ‘but the execution of which been delayed by the contre‘emps that occurred the mouth of the Peiho in 1859, It was very wisely by Lord Elgin that the treaty he had formed should come on for revision after ten years? experience of its working, and this is the year which was fixed for that event, In the modern perid our commercial relations with China have been of a rather peculiar mae, owing chiefly to the desire of the people, or at leas of @ very influential portion of them, to keep their country secluded as far as ible. A humorous mandarin once remarked that England hit China in the face with one hand, and, holding out the other, insisted that i should be grasped in a friendly way; and it must be owned that our eoun- trymen have still a decided leaning to Sydney Smith’s doctrine that the “bombsheli gospel’ ougat to be sent to all nations who insist a shutting themselves up from the rest of the world, It ts use- less to aisguise the fact that a gvod deal of our re- lationship with China 1s a forced relationship, which requires fleets and armies either in the foreground or in the background. In such a case any fine spun arguments about international rights would be quite thrown away; and it is wise to confine ourselves to a consideration of those cbanges in the treaty of Tien- tsin which are for our own interest ahd may be etfected without doing the Chinese obvious tjury or seriously rousing their opposition. ‘A few years ago, When the Chinese were in the midst of their difficulties with internal rebellion and the changed state of foreign relationships forced upon them, they would not have dreamed of attempting to intluence the action of occidental nations towards them, but wonld have simply looked upon ifas they do on a thunder storm or a drought, or any other in- fiction which it pleased Heaven tosend. Now, how- ever, their remarkable success (80 muci owing to the aid given them by foreigners) in restoring the empire to a state of order and Cg has given them courage to come forward ned ame Mission—British PolicyThe press their own view of the lessons to be learne rom the working of the treaties of Tientsin. The; have commissioned Mr. Burlingame, who was for-, merly the United States Minister at Pekin, to their representative to the treaty Powers, and th line which he has taken up is rather a peculiar a: apparently odjectionabie one. The Chinese, he serts, have already go fully entered the comity of nations, and are so willing to allow foreigners all reasonable privileges of residence and trade in the: country, that there is no necessity for any treaties o1 special stipulations with them, On the face of it this seems very absurd; for without such stipulas tions foreigners would be subject to Chinese Juria+ diction, to the use of the greater and ef und ‘and to that pecullarity of Chinese courts of justi which subjects witnesses to corporeal punishment until they agree in their evidence. The Americans are quite as unlikely as any other people to submi@ to such conditions, and no doubt calculate that b; their great influence in China and by subtle stipu' tions they will retain their own jurisdiction; but, it the tning is to be properly arranged at all, there no reason why it should not be done, as by our, present treaty, in a straightiorward and defini! way. on the other hand, the foreign merchants i China have their own ideas as to what the experi- ence of the last ten years teaches and what are tha Improvements whicli should be made in the trea tic of Tientsin. On this subject considerable weight attaches to their views, and these have been very, fully expressed in memorials from the Chambers ot Commerce at Hong Kong and at the open ports ta the British Minister at Pekin. It need not be ad- mitted that our merchants are @ conclusive apreniy (any more than Mr. Burlingame) from whom there no ap) even as regards their own interests, while much less is it to be held that where so man: conflicting interests are concerned their views are to be accepted offhand as ind'cating exactly what this country should aim atas regards China. There seems to @ general feeling among the mers cantile community on the coast of China that tho treaty of Ticntsin has proved a very valuabid document, but there are certain points 1 which they are almost all agreed in demand further privileges or better means than they al: lege they have at present for obtaining the benefit of privileges which have been already conceded. Ther are two points in particular on which great st are laid andon which the Chambers of Commer are pretty well agreed—namely, the tllegal cit bra of transit dues on foreign is by Chinese autho: ties and the obstacles thrown in the way of foreiga- ers travelling and residing in the country, % There is no doubt that one important object of th existing treaty was to extend the facilities for ti sale of British manufactures, and especially of cot ton goods, in the Chinese empire. ‘To this end i was arranged that the inland transit dues, or at leas' one species of them, should be commuted for a pays ment of 24s per cent at the ports of entry; and it id now complained that, in spite of that commutation, transit dues are illegally levied on foreign goods 5 as virtually to exclude them from the greater paré of the country. The Amoy merchants declare that these taxes range from 4 per cent to 90 per cent om the value of the goods, and the Shanghae’ Chambey alleges that a piece of shirting costing 16s, 2d. at thaa port cannot be delivered at Soochow, only eighty miles distant, at less than 18s. 4d., “showing,” aa they assert, “an miand charge of 28. 2d." And, generally, they allege that these tliegal transit dueq are most injurious to commerce m increasing the price of Chinese exports, but more parucularly im Preventing the saie of British manufactured gooda, This complaint avout tilegal transit dues is alway ‘telling point in this country against the Chinese, bow cause it suggests that the interests of the Britisa ar- tisan are involved, and throws a haloof philanturopy and benevolence round the China merchant. At the time of the optum war some one ¢reated an im- imense sensation 'n Manchester by calculating what & great increase there would be in the manufacture of cotton goods if only every Chinaman could be got to buy @ Lancashire pocket handkerchief yearly, and siinilar ——— easily arise in the minds of many persons when the hundreds of millions of the popu< lation of China are contrasted with our own power of producing cotton cloth. But to those who ha made an ittelligent acquaintance with the actui condition of China the question of iniand transit dues is by nO Means 80 easy a one as the trade! would have us believe. It is very dificult in ti country to know on what ground levies are made.. Ita public works, such as the canals, which are the rincipal means of conveyance, are Pateiiaeed e government, and if these are much out of rep: the local mandarins find it necessary pee aon taxes in that district in order t should be any sutflicient chi means conveyance at all. Again, is it known robbers (so-called rebels) 8] up Very easily and form themselves into formidable bands in any pact ofthe empire where a ion of the cre happens by some accident, such as the flooding of river or the breaking down of acaual, to be depriv of its ordinary means of subsistence, Tne result of such @ state of matters is that the government om- cialis Page in charge of a district so disturbed must have recourse to special taxes in order to re- store it to a state in which there can be any demand for foreign goods, or transit of goods, or commerce in any shape whatever. They have no other source to look to except the revenues of their district for preserving order, and consequently they must tax the latter in the most convenient ways which pre- sent themselves. Now, in circumstances such as thoge just referred to, can it be any gain to com- merce to refuse permission to the man- daring to levy transit «nes? In the case of canals, roads and such like matiers, the tax Jevied is no way different from our own system et taxing carts and carriages at tolls still to be found in many counties at every few miles of road; and the Chinese might for similar reasons to those of our merchants complain that the sale of their tea is pre- vented in England by local transit dues As re gards taxes levied for the preservation of order, they might say that the excessive police rates of Bengal and Malwa prevent them getting their opium #0 cheap as they ought. To this it is very truly objected that the treaty of Tientsin contains a special articie (twenty-seventh) which provides for commutation of transit dues; but, then, the question is whet look- ing at all the circumstances of the case, it is a'lvia- able to inaiston the execution of an article which Was demanded in considerable ignorance of what might be its eifect, which was assented to under pressure which left the Chinese little option ‘in refusing or assenting, and which, if strictly carried out, Would interfere 86 serio with the internal economy of the coun- try. At all events we have mentioned sufficient (o show that the principal demand made by the Cham- bers of Commerce is by no means so simple in t or so clear in its probable effects as they would have us think, and as on the first blush it may appear to those who have given no special attention to the condition of China. On the other points mooted by the chambers much to the same purpose might be said; but it is saificient for the present to cali aiten~ tion to their demands and to the line of argument which may be taken up against them. On the whole, it looks agaf the foreign merchants ard the Chinese as represented by Mr. Burlingame were playing a game against each other and crying to neutralize each other's unreasonable statemen by demands which will not bear examination, but which may serve the pu of “choking” off #9 opposite side, Both parties, however, are mistak in supposing that public opinion in, this country \@ to be taken by storm in that kind of way} and wa have no doubt that a further discussion 4 aul ject will bring out clearly enough what are ch in our position towards China which new time demands and which will be equally beneds cial to the people of both countries,