The New York Herald Newspaper, July 10, 1868, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD pmoapwa¥ 4Np ANN STREET. AMES GORDON, BENNETT, & PHOPRiETOR.' Velame XXXIII..o.. No. 192 = AMUSEMENTS THIS BVENING, a BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.—A PLasn oF Ligarnane. THEATRE. .—KitTY O'SHBAL—Ro- ane r uAcAInE Tus BECRNT, BO. NEW YORK THEATRE, opposite New York Hotel.— ‘fas Guanp Duomnes. OLYMPIC THEATRE. Brosdway.—Houmerr Dorr. NIBLO'S GARDEM, Broadway.—Tas Waits Faws. WALLACK'S Tux Lorrest ' OPERA HO! Tammany Building, 14th seek Bruiovian MiMeTRBLor, BO. “i CENTRAL PARK GARDEN, Seventh avenue.—POruL aR ABDEN OONOEBT. Se Saree at ob oe TERRACE GARDEN—Poroias Gaxpaw Comoret. Paro HALL, 006 Broadway.—Mz. A, BURNETT, Homonist. NEW YORE ee OF ANATOMY, 18 Broadway. Gorenoz np Ast. piled TRIPLE SHEET. New York. Friday, Jaly 10, 1868. Poesia peste omer THB NEW 8. < EUROPE. ‘The news report by the Atlantic cable is dated yes- terday evening, July 9. The London 7tmes says the American democratic platform lays down @ partial repudiation. Baron von Beust tells the Pope that the allocution is an “4ntermeddiing” with the affairs of the empire. General Napier is to Rave @ pension of £32,000 a rear. ‘i Consols, 94% 2 95, money. Five-twenties, 73 a73%¢ fin London and 77% @ 773¢ in Frankfort. Cotton easier, with middling uplands at 1134 a 1144 pence. Breadstuffs quiet. Provisions active. Our special European correspondence to the 27th of June is in interesting detail of jour cable tele- grams. CONGRESS. In the Senate yesterday a resolution was passed calling upon the Secretary of State for information in respect to the number of States that have ratified the fourteenth article of amendment to the constitu- tion. Senator Cattell called up the bill for a further Issuance of temporary loan certificates for the pur- pose of redeeming-and retiring the remainder of the vutstanding compound interest notes. The tax bill, after being amended in many important particulars, passed the Senate and was returned to the House for concurrence in the amendments. Reverdy Johnson, the newly confirmed Minister to England, resigned his seat in‘ the Senate and took Jeave of his fellow Senators in én admirably written ‘and appropriate address. An extended and ani- mated debate arose upon the bill to regulate the re- presentation of certain States in the electoral col- lege, which was participated in mainly by Senators Morton and Buckalew. The nomination of Perry Fuller for Commissioner of Interng! Revenue was rejected in executive session. » In the House the first attempt at business disclosed no quorum present. The bill for the relief of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians was taken up and discussed nevertheless, and, after a call of the States, ‘was passed. The bill to reduce the military estab- (ishment was reported from the committee and ordered to be printed. Mr. Butler introduced a bill to equalize taxation, which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. Banks asked @ postponement of the vote on the Alaska Appropria- fon bill until Tuesday next, on account of the elim atttendance of members, and after some discussion it was agreed to. The House then went dnto Committee of the Whole, but no bill was dis- onssed and the committee rose; but soon after the ‘House again went into committee and read the Tariff bill for the first time. A bill providing for an elec- on in Virginia on the new State constitution was reported and passed. The Speaker's table was then cleared. In ¢he evening session a long list of private pension bills was passed, the Senate amendments to the Tax bill were referred to the Committee on Ways nd Means and the House adjourned, THE CONVENTION. ‘The labors of the National Democratic Convention closed yesterday by the nomination of Horatio Sey- mour, of New York, for President and Frank P. Blair, Jr., of Missouri, for Vice President. ® Before balloting for the nineteenth time yesterday ‘Mr. Valiandigham read a letter from Mr. Pendleton ‘expressing a willingness to have his name with- Grawn under certain contingencies, which having mow arisen Mr. Vallandighain accordingly withdrew it. The nineteenth ballot was then had, with 126% wotes for Hancock, 1075; for Hendricks and the mames of English, Frank Blair, Judge Field and T. H. Seymour being newly introduced. The Ewenticth and twenry-first ballots showed plight changes, but on the twenty-second Ohio mominated Horatio Seymour, who immediately came forward and declined, but Mr. Valiandigham insist ed and cast Ohio’s vote for him. Wisconsin, Ken- fucky and Massachusetts immediately followed, the rest of the States took up the name, and the unani- mous vote was declared cast for him as the nominee of the Convention for the Presidency. General Frank P. Blair was then nominated without much discussion as the candidate for the Vice Presidency. The Convention then adjourned sine die. } The nominations created considerable aatonish- ment and excitement thronghout the city, and tele- grams from various parts of the country report they are received with varying emotions elsewhere. } A meeting to ratify the nominations was held last evening in front of the Democratic Club Room, Union square, at which speeches were made by A. J. Rogers, Wade Hampton and ex-Governors Vance aad Perry, of North and South Carolina. MISCELLANEOUS. Governor R. K. Scott, of South Carolina, was inau- gurated at Columbia yesterday in the presence of | the State Legisiature. A colored member in the Senate introduced a bill to remove politica! disa- bilities. + A fatal disaster occurred on the Philadelphia and Erie Ratiroad, near Union Mills, yesterday, some fends having thrown the express passenger train off the track in order to rob the passengers. Five per- sons, three ladies and two children, were killed and several persons were seriously injured. The baggage car was broken open and rified. Lady Thorn and Mountain Boy trotted to harness, eat three in five, for $2,000 on the Union Course, LL. L, yesterday. Lady Thorn won the frst, third and fifth heats and the race, the fourth heat being declared dead. Her best time was in her third mile, ‘which was made in 2:21, The republican State Convention of New Jersey as- sembied at Trenton yesterday and nominated John 1. Blair, of Warren county, for Governor. ‘The Beer Brewers’ Convention in Buffalo yesterday adopted resolutions favoring a reduction of the duty on Canada barley and recommending several changes in the laws as at present expounded. The radicais in the Georgia Legisiature have not a ‘working majority, as the democrats outnumber them fm the Lower House, and so Governor Bullock in hie message recommends that the democratic,members terho have not had their disabilities removed by Con- (ees should be ousted, A treaty has been concluded with the Sioux and other hostile Indians, and it is believed the labors of tue Peace Commissioners are ended, A miner's strike is in progress in Pottsville, Pa., for ten hours’ wages’ for eight hours work. Governor Geary is in Pottsville on accouiit of the demonstra- Rions being made by the strikers, apg bas said that he will tse force if #becomes necessary. °'é=1 ) The General Transatiantic Company's steamship Pereire, Captain Duchesne, will ieave pier 50 North Fiver at ten A. M. to-morrow (Saturday) morning for Brest aad Havre, NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JULY 10, 1868—TRIPLE SHEET. Seger ~The Inmaa tne steaniship dity of Baltimore, Oap- tain Leitch, for Queenstown and Liverpool, will sail from pter 45 North river about one P. M. to-mor- row (Saturday.) The European mails will close st the Post Office at twelve M. on the 11th inst, - The si Denmark, Captain Thompson, of the National line, will leave pier 47 North river on Saturday, 11th inst., at moon, for Taverne, calling ‘at Queenstown to land passengers. The Anchor line steamship Hibernia, Captain Munro, will sail from pier 20 North river at twelve M., tomorrow (Saturday), for Glasgow and Liver- Pool, calling at Londonderry to land passengers, &0. The Morcnant's line steamship Unjted States, Cap- tain Norton, will sail from pier 12 North river to- Morrow (Saturday), at three P. M., for New Orleans direct. vf The steamship San Jacinto, Captain Atkins, will leave pier No. 8 North river at thee P. M., on Satur- day, for Savannah. The steamship Charleston, Captain Berry, will sail from pier No. 6 North river at three P. M. to-mor- row, for Charleston. ‘The steamship Moneka, Captain Marshman, will leave pier No. 4 North river at four P?M. to-day (Fri- day), for Charteaton. ‘The stock market was strong yesterday. Govern- a tiaethreanarieapthenanichaantested Gold closed at 1405. The die is cast, The Democratic Convention has decided that our next President shall be General Grant. There was a splendid oppor- tunity offered this Convention, in the nomina- tion of Chief Justice Chase, to carry off the balance of power from the republican camp, North and South, East and West, and to inau- gurate in the approaching Presidential election a substantial and enduring conservative revo- lution, The advantages of this nomination were at once appreciated by the democratic masses and the independent thinking men of the party with the agitation of his name as the democratic candidate for the crisis, and they were ‘enthusiastic in the cause of Chase; but the party jugglers of this Tammany Hall Convention had a different game to play. So far as the New York managing politicians are concerned, this game was fully disclosed in the Herarp of Sunday last in reference to the mock declination of Horatio Seymour. The old fable of the mountain in labor has been fully realized, and the delivery is a ridicu- lous mouse as the democratic Presidential can- didate against the conqueror of the rebellion. Seymour against Grant in 1868 amounts to a democratic surrender or a disbanding of the democratic party. The ticket of McClellan against Lincoln was a strong ticket compared with this of Seymour against Grant. It has no prestige but that of defeat. In 1862, indeed, Mr. Seymour was elected Governor; but it was on the platform of ‘‘a more vigorous prosecu- tion of the war.” In 1863 he returned to his idols of the copperhead faith, and there he would have remained but for the blunders of the republicans and their divisions in the State elections of last year. Now, as in 1863, '64, ‘65 and'66, after their successes of 1862, all the capital and all the foothold gained by the democrats have been thrown away and lost, and the battle of 1864 is revived, with some changes to be sure, but as against Seymour they are all in favor of Grant. There is nothing in Seymour, nothing in his record, nothing in his platform that will bring a single recruit to the democratic party, but everything to rally the whole floating vete of the United States, with all the conservative republicans, around the glorious banner of Grant. It is supposed by his friends and political trainers that Seymour is at least good for New York, with its fifty” thousand democratic majority of last fall. That majority, however, was delusive, the result of republi- can disaffections and divisions, which only the nomination of Chase as the democratic can- ‘didate could have turned to a substantial ad- vantage in this campaign. Seymour against Grant will bring all the republicans into line, and the result will be another political reac- tion, which will give New York to Grant by twenty, thirty or forty thousand majority. The Pendleton guard have hitherto dis- played extraordinary directness, firmness and courage. They put their candidate forward with a bold front, published his principles to the world, claimed the votes of the Convention for him on his merits, and scorned to help him to success by any under- handed trickery or secret bargains. When they became satisfied that Pendleton could not command a two-third vote in the Convention they withdrew his name in an honorable, manly manner. In all their action, from first to last, they dis- played the true, manly spirit that seems the natural production of the pure air and invig- orating climate of the great West, and to spring up in the breast of the Western man as grass springs up on the broad prairies; the spirit that animated. the men who marched in Sherman's ranks from Chattanooga to the sea and carried the national banner through the heart of the confederacy. The delegates who came from the prairies and the plains to the Democratic Convention were called together by pure patriotism and by a resolve to stand by the constitution, now threatened by Jacobin revolutionista, as they stood by it when as- | sailed by Southern secessionists. They told us that the German element in the West was thoroughly aroused, and they made their appeal openly aid boldly to the East and the South and to the great Middle States to give them the candidate they asked. Had he been fairly beaten by the democracy of the Union they would no doubt have yielded to the wishes of the majority; but what can they say to their constituents now? Oan they tell them, we found ourselves no match for the petty trick- sters in the city of New York, and our favor- ite son, carrying with him a majority of the whole Convention, was beaten by the cunning artifice of a Utica politician and the schemes of the Albany Regency ? Can they admit that they were humbugged, fooled, outwitted, and | yet expect the honest, sturdy yeomanry of the West to support the nominees of the Tam- many Convention? The response will soon roll down from the broad prairies, and we shall then learn how the West receives the, intelli- gence of her ‘defeat by sanctimonious hypo- criay and the baldest kind of a cheat. We can give no countenance to this retro- grade movement of the democratic party. The snecessful movementa of the age are progres- sive, and we must go with them, All the | world is going forward, except our democratic party. Itis behind Austria, Russia, Turkey and China ; for they all recognize the necessity of shaping their policy to the prossure of | living events, Seymour is behind the age, and Blair, asa soldier, pinned to his tloket, makes a mockery of tho combination. rapt and Colfax against such a ticket will sweep the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific, because the blockheads of the democratic party will have it<hat we are atill living under the régime of poor Pierce and Buchanan. Nice Little Game of the Albany Regency Sixth Ward Tactics Used in the Na- leading editorial article ap- So says Merk Antony of his friend, “the noble Omsar,” who was by Brutus, Cassius and Company put out of the way, ‘‘not that they loved Ossar less, but because they loved Rome more.” Our ex-Gov- ernor, Horatio Seymour, has been as patriotic and Magnanimous as Cesar; for has he not thrice re- fused the democratic nomination for the next Prest- dency? His last declination, some three days gone by, was #0 frank and unequivocal that it has been generally accepted as conclusive. He was not equal to the great distinction ; he had not been seeking it ; he did not want it and he would not have it. Yet, in our judgment, thia ia but a stroke of strategy in the nice little game concocted of the Albany Regenoy for Seymour's nomination, It ws the identical trick which was so successfully played not many years ago to secure to Mr. Seymour the democratic nomination for Governor, He had withdrawn; he was not in the fight; but his friends thought, in the nick of time, that a complimentary Vote in his favor as the firat chotoe of the democracy Would be very acceptable to Mr. Seymour, though he Would unquestionably decline the nomination. Under this assurance the experiment was tried, but the Convention was caught; for Mr. Seymour gra- clousiy accepted the nomination thus conferred, and the thing was fixed. Now, im this Convention the advantages of the same trick of strategy are visible to the naked eye. Mr. Seymour, it is understood, has positively withdrawn. He thus ceases to be an object of attack, and his friends begin to be sought for by the other candidates. The Seymour de- tachment becomes a balance of power in the Convention. It beats about the bush right and left. It adroitly contrives and assists in the slaughter of Ohase, Pendleton, Hendricks, Hancock and the rest, nd then, at the point where all his rivals are used up under the two-thirds rule, Mr. Seymour is trotted in fresh and good as new, distances all his exhaust- ed competitors and carries off the prize. The two-thirds rule is a beauty. At the Baltimore Democratic Convention of 1844, where it was invent- ed to kill off Van Buren, we find that on the first ballot Van Buren had 146 out-of 213 votes cast; on the ninth ballot he had only two votes left; for Polk, @ fresh nag, was just then brought in, and a general rush for Polk nominated him, to the astonishment of all concerned. In the Baltimore Convention of 1852 the old stagers, nine of them, fought pretty stubbornly to the thirty-fourth ballot, when, having betrayed their exhaustion in an effort to unite on Dickinson, poor Pierce was trotted in, fresh and prancing, head and tail up, and on the forty-ninth round he walked over the course. This is the game of the Albany Regency with Seymour. It is to keep him back until hie rivals are worn out and killed off, and then to charge with him after the fashion of the Old Guard of Napo- leon at the turning point of the battle, fresh and vigorous, against the exhausted centre of the ene- my’s line, break It, double up the two wings, rout them and take possession of the fleld. There are two cliques among the managers of the New York delegation—a Seymour clique and a McClel- lan clique. Certain democratic financiers of this city ‘who made some sacrifices of “der monish” in behalf of McClellan in 1864 wouid like to get it back,’and doubtless his nomination and election in 1968 would answer this purpose. These men consti- tute the New York McClellan Central Committee. Their chance is very slim. The Seymour clique is powerful and is headed by the Albany Regency. They argue in this way: Seymour has made mortal enemies of the Pendleton men in that Cooper Institute speech; they will in the first of the fight kill our candidate unless we hold him back. Let us do this, and when we have killed off Pendle- ton, Chase, Hendricks, Hancock and Andy Johnson, by knocking their heads against each other, there will be an opening for Seymour. If nominated we are sure at least of the State of New York, and in holding New York, if we do nothing more, we hold the candidate and the whip hand over the Conven- tion of 1872. We warn the friends of all the other candidates and probable candidates, especially the friends of Mr. Chase, that this is the game of the Albany Regency in behalf of Seymour. In this view very little faith is to be placed in the professions and promises of the New York delegation in behalf of Chase. They are using him as a convenient instru- ment with which to lay out Pendleton, their most formidable enemy. Pendleton is too strong to be beaten by a direct attack, and strategy must be resorted to. There is something to admire in the bold and manly front presented by the Pendleton men. They prociain their candiaate and his plat- form without wincing or mincing. We know where to find them and what they want. Wedo not know that the Albany Regenoy are honest in their profes- sions of affection for Mr. Chase, and we do not be- lieve they are. Nor have we any faith in Mr. Sey- mour’s repeated declinations, positive as he makes them. He is standing aloof to avoid the first rough blows of the battle. It is’ the old trick of Seymour and Polk and Pierce. It is a skulking mode of war- fare; itis the Indian system, and the big Indians of ‘Tammany Hail are skilled in it as well as Seymour. Let the Chase men and the Pendleton men accord- ingly be on their guard in reference to the with drawal of Seymour, and treat it as a deception and snare until the name of Seymour is withdrawn in Convention by the New York delegation. Even then, if there is any hedging upon Seymour let it be stopped at once; for the Albany Regency is not to be trusted. Republican State Conve: tude of Party, Here is all the work of the Republican State Convention done, the fighting over, the ballot- ing over, the books closed, and Greeley barely named with honor. Ingratitude, thou marble- hearted flend, how much darker your complex- ion is in its political phase than in any other! Greeley, the very head and front of the party, is esteemed as nobody, is pushed aside as coolly as if he were only some second rate spouter or Alderman or lobby jobber, and his place given to a candidate having noother virtue than that he will bleed treely—a dull, amiable man, of ‘‘vile mechanical” instincts and a ponderous account at the bank. And this is what all Greeley’s labor comes to; this it is to wear one’s life out cudgelling sense into un- willing brains. The man has his reward in due time, and that reward is forgetfulness and the cold shoulder. Horace Greeley has been, undoubtedly, the active, energetic, earnest, efficient inteHect of the republican party in this State. Nay, to go further, when that element of our political life that now calls itself the republican party was the whig party, he was also at the very head of its earnest workers. He has done the drudgery of these two parties. He has thought for them, spoken for them, written for them, reasoned for them, twisted statistics to their purpose with gigantic per- sistency year in and year out; and when the day of reward comes behold what happens! He is whistled down the wind with cool indif- ference, and a convention of fellows who ought to consider themselves his creatures hardly know his name, He sends a factotum to‘the Convention to say that he is a candidate, and the responge is the nomination of Griswold by an overwhelming vote on the first ballot. Re- publics are ungrateful; but what is a republic to @ party ln the wagifosigtion of this vice of nature? Ingratitude once broke up the great political firm of Weed, Greeley and Seward, and we confidently anticipate that it will smash other things in the future equally important. me " The Ballots in the Demecratic Convention. The following concise statement of all the baHots cast in the Democratic National Con- vention will be interesting to politicians and useful for future reference. It’ will be seen that no candidate received s majority of the votes, Pendleton’s highest number being reached on the eighth ballot—one hundred and fifty-six and a half—lacking two votes of one- half of the whole Convention—three hundred and seventeen. The next highest vote cast was for General Hancock, who received one hundred and forty-four and a half votes on the eighteenth ballot, while Hendricks’ highest number was one hundred and thirty- = wit gee esened 111 off! BeceeenB| § Wig Teatagee F | enugat -SeBBs! 18th. | 14th. Ee 287 | 36 7 7 is | is al | Bas Hs vs Ma.) 224. 13594 me (am 87 {107 a iw | a os ley S 7 fh eet bees Hor. : Beymour: Sd ae pee st Horatio Seymour was voted for on . the fourth ballot, but- refused to allow his name to go before the Convention, and the vote was with- drawn. He was not mentioned again until the ballot on which he was unanimously nomi- nated. Another European Celebrity in America. Mr. Charles Dickens, Mr. Anthony Trollope, Mr. Arthur Sketchley, Mrs. Fanny Kemble Butler and the Hon. Mrs. Yelverton are among the literary celebrities who have lately visited the United States, and we chronicled not long ago the arrival of Mme. la Comtesse de la Morlitre, well known in the literary world by her pseudonym of Olympe Audouard. This lady hails from the faubourg St. Germain in Paris, and is descended from one of the oldest aristocratic families in France. Some of her ancestors doubtless crossed swords during the age of the Crusades with the brav- est soldiers of Saladin. Perhaps this may have determined the decided taste of Mme. de la Morlitre for Oriental travel, the fruits of which the public have enjoyed in her piquant revelations of harem life, her animated de- scriptions of the East, especially in her work entitled ‘‘L’Orient et Ses Peuplades,” and in her account of the Suez canal, a detached chapter from her promised volume upon Egypt. A pamphlet by this lady, ‘‘Lettre a M. Hauss- mann, Préfet de la Seine,” denouncing with all the indignation of a mother's heart the sacrile- gious project of the Prefect to run a new bou- levard through the cemetery Montmartre, where the remains of her beloved son had been consigned to the grave, provoked the ill will of that powerful agent of the present Emperor of the French. Her demand for an authoriza- tion to convert the Jieoue Cosmopolite, of which she was editress, into political publi- cation was denied; by the French Minister of the Interior, and consequently she was obliged to publish the review for the 16th June, 1867, with the omission of her article entitled ‘‘Les Droits de la Femme, la Situation que lui fait la Législation Francaise.” Another article in that number of her review gives, in an extract from M. Pommier's ‘‘Profils Contemporains,” an ad- mirable portrait of her distinguished friend Mme. la Comtesse d’Agoult (Daniel Stern), the author of an “Essai sur la Liberté,” of ‘‘Neli- da” and of ‘ I’Histoire de la Révolution de 1848.” Still another article contains the first chapter ofa romance by Mme. Olympe Au- douard, “I'Homme de Quarante Ans.” The Revue Cosmopolite was suppressed by the authorities of the Second Empire, which ap- pears in this instance to be no less jealous of the influence of female intellect and beauty than the First Empire, with all its persecutions of Mme. de Staél and Mme. Récamier by Napoleon I. As Mme. de a avenged herself in her exile by her ‘1’Allemagne” against imperial persecution, so Mme. Olympe Audouard has avenged herself by publishing narratives of her extensive travels in the East. And now she visits the great republic of the West with a view of publishing hereafter her observations upon a people which flatters itself, rightly or wrongly, on having solved the problem. of self-government. During this summer Mme. Audouard proposes to study at our principal watering places the prominent features of our American society, and it is safe to predict that her quick perceptions and her fondnéss for generalization will insure the interest and value of her comments upon the subject. We shall have an opportunity of having Burns’ wish fulfilled— © wad some power the giftie gie us To see oursels as wert nee us Fi Tus Tax Bu Passep THE Sexnate.—The Tax bill, with a number of amendments to it as it came from the House of Representa- tives, finally passed the Senate yesterday after- noon. An effort was made by Messrs. Howe, Pomeroy, Morton, Cole, Edmands and others to raise the tax on whiskey above the amount fixed by the House, and some of the Senators were of the opinion that the two dollar a gallon tax should not be disturbed, but the majority favored the reduction, and the House amend- ment of fifty cents a gallon was permitted to stand. DistuRBANOE tN Spatx.—Spain, it appears, is again in revolution. Arresta are the order ot the day. and the Duke de Montpensier has been ordered | one side or the other High personages are suspected, | by these nominating party conventions, fifth eon of the lata Louis Philippe, is brother- in-law of Queen Isabella, having married her sister, the Infanta Marie Louise Ferdinande de Bourbon, at Madrid, October 10, 1846. It has long been well known that a large, power- ful party in Spain were in favor of deposing Isabella and placing the Infants and the Duke jointly on the throne. It will be no surprise to many if this revolution assumes serious propor- tions. Party Conventions and Their Presidential Candidates. The perplexities of the democracy at Tam- many Hall in the nomination of their Presi- dential candidate naturally draw our attention to the cliques and combinations, the trading and log rolling and the chances and accidents which in most cases have determined the nomi- nations of these President-making conven- tions, and especially under the democratic two-thirds rule, Let us look backs little, and we shall see that in this Democratic Conven- tion of 1868 there is nothing extraordinary in its proceedings or results. Itis only the old story of 1844 and ‘52 and '56 over again, with certain variations adapted to the time. The lines of division between the old repub- lican and federal parties having entirely dis- appeared with the dissolution of the federal party, there was in 1824 a beautiful sorab race for the Presidency between Jackson, Adams, Crawford and Clay. Jackson came out first from the people, ‘but lacking a majority vote of the electoral colleges the election was thrown into the House ot Representatives, when, by a coalition between the friends of Adams and Clay, Adams was elected. Against this coa- lition, denounced by John Randolph as ‘“a coalition of the Puritan and blackleg,” the Jackson party rallied at once around their favorite for another trial before the people, and in 1828, by a sort of popular spontaneous combustion, he defeated Adams so signally as to make ‘‘Old Hickory,” as the head of the new democratic party, its candidate in advance for another term. Thus with the assembling of the nominating party convention of 1832 there was no difficulty about its ticket (Jackson and Van Buren); for the popularity of Jackson had settled his nomination, and his will was ac- cepted as the law if reference to his associate on the ticket. Se it was with Van Buren’s nomination and election as President in 1836 and with his nomination for a second term in 1840, But in840 the financial disasters of Van Buren’s administration had turned the popular tide against him, and 80, even as the anointed successor of Jackson, he met with a crushing defeat, The friends of Van Buren, still pressing his claims for a second term, came forward with a decided majority of the Convention in his behalf in 1844. Here the previously unsus- pected power and difficulties and doubts of the democratio two-thirds rule began to be felt, Van Buren, by a little over one-third of the Convention, was thus cast aside, and Polk, never dreamed of before, was finally nomi- nated as a compromise for the campaign. The New York democracy supported Polk with ® sort of understanding that Van Buren was to have another trial in 1848, and so, when by the Southern slaveholding oligarchy in that Convention Cass was nominated, Van Buren, assisted by Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, and other powerful democratic free-soilers, took the field as a third party candidate on his independent free-soil Buffalo platform. Thus n cutting Cass out of the vote of New York and defeating him ‘‘Little Van" had full satis- faction against: the regular Democratic Con- vention and the Southern oligarchy, which had juggled him twice out of the regular demo- cratic line of succession. In 1852, as much of a surprise to the party as was Polk, poor Pierce, over the heads of a baker’s dozen of old stagers, became the demo- cratic nominee; in 1856, on the strength of an alibiion the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska bill (having been absent in England at the time of its passage), Buchanan, after thirty years of active engineering, secured the prize under certain skilful manipulations of the slavehold- ing interests of the South by the Pennsylvania delegation. This two-thirds rule, in fact, was the instrument whereby the Southern slave- holders dictated the candidate of the demo- cracy from and after the defeat in 1840 of Van Buren down to Buchanan. But in 1860, at Charleston, the Douglas democracy of the West set their faces resolutely against the Southern oligarchy, and we know what has fol- lowed. So much for these President-making conven- tions of the democracy under their two-thirds rule. The old whig party and the republican party, under their majority rule, down to 1860 were not subjected to such terrible conflicts ae the democrats in their nominating conventions ; but they were still largely controlled by the chapter of accidents. In 1836 the whigs were cut up into a scrub race against Van Buren, the results of which showed that upon one can- didate they might have beaten him. In 1840 expediency dictated the nomination of General Harrison, when they might have elected Clay ; in 1844 they nominated Clay with great enthu- slasm, only to have him defeated by an aboli- tion defection in New York; in 1848, when there was another chance for Glay, they fell back upon General Taylor, a military chieftain whose election was as profitiess to the party as that of Harrison; in 1852 they nominated General Scott, another military chieftain, and in that canvases the old whig party died from too much abolition. In 1854 poor Pierce's repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise (the Kansas-Nebraska bill) opened the floodgates of a Northern reaction -against slavery, and in 18656 Fremont, the republiean nominee on the Van Buren free-soil platform of 1848, would in all probability have been elected but for the independent opposition Know Nothing ticket of Fillmore (4 disappointed whig) and the indifference of the Seward clique, In 1860 Seward was adroitly cut out of the republican nomination, and Lincoln, as unexpectedly as Polk or Pierce, became the nominee of bis party, and, as it proved, the very man for @ orisis more formidable to con- template and more difficult, delicate and dan gerous than ry eed crisis in American his- tory since the Declaration of Independence. Since the time of General Jackson our Presidents, going through the forms of an election by: the people, have really been chosen on and these party nomi to leave the kingdom. The duke, who is the | nations have been offycted by a fow trading ‘history, and they will again bring us ‘gto the most serious troubles unless we fiad and adopt some better method of President-maki2g than the system of these trading party con- ventions. Demecracy and Oligarchy. The National Democratic Convention held ia this city and which has just concluded ite sitting, and the National Republican Conven- tion recently held in Chicago, have revived @ question which is little likely ever to become old in the ordinary sense of that term and which has small chance of ever becoming un- interesting. Republics have been divided by philoso. phical writers into two and oligarchy. In the iatter oategory it has been the habit to iiciude the extinct republice of Sparta, Venice, Genoa; end the United States of America is generally spoken of as one of the most notable specimens of this form of government, Among oligarchical republics may be mentioned. Rome, Carthage, Florence and most of the medisval republics of North- ern Italy. In modern times Great Britain, though nominally 4 monarchical is virtually an oligarchical republic of the purest type. It is not to be denied, however, that though the democratic element has been stronger and more emphatically pronounced in some repub- lics than in others, a republic conducted on purely democratic principles has been but rarely seen in this world, and when seen, seen but for a brief period. If we go back te Sparta, by many regarded as the democratic model, we find that under a democratic form the republic was governed by a favored and privileged few. The Spartans of Dorian stock, who alone were eligible to public offices, were after all but a small minority when compared with the Laconians and the numberless helots or serfs that made up the population of the State. It was the same in Rome, as every reader of history knows. To be a Roman citizen was unquestionably to occupy an hon- orable and privileged position; but a Romano citizen, unless he belonged to the Senatorial order, exercised but little influence in the affairs of State. Ultimately, it is true, the Senatorial order was broken down; but the fall of that order, as all the world knows, did not increase the liberty and power of the people. The Senate ruled the republic; the army ruled the empire. It would not be diffi- cult to show how, in all the republics we have mentioned, an oligarchy, sometimes open and avowed, sometimes secret and disguised, has always wielded the controlling power. The Commonwealth of England, under the Protec- torate of Cromwell, is by many considered a fair specimen of republic, It is notorious, however, that the people of England under Cromwell were in every respect as powerless as they had been under the monarchs that preceded, and as for, some generations they continued to be under the monarchs that fol. lowed. The French republic, of a later date, offers similar illustrations. The democratic republic can scarcely be said ever to have existed during all those eventful years that intervened between the death of the king and the advent of Bonaparte. A secret oligarchy ruled the convention, ruled the assemblies, ruled the directory, and in the end gave supreme power to Napoleon. As it has been in the past so it is in the present, and ao it is likely to remain. The Chicago Convention and the New York Con- vention have afforded proof sufficient that the great republic of the West—the greatest, the freest, the most democratic republic which the world has yet seen—is as much under the influence of a secret and disguised oligarchy as any of the republics which have gone before it. It would be unjust not to make a distino- tion between the oligarchy which ruled at Chicago and the oligarchy which has ruled at New York. The one was composed of leading men who came up from their respective States with a distinct and definite purpose—men who believed they knew what the nation wanted, and who acted with a promptness and decision which did themselves and the nation credit: The other was composed of men who were governed not by broad national considerations, but by party and personal interests. In the one Convention and in the other, however, a secret oligarchy ruled. And thus it is that the destinies of the republic are controlled. Britisa Orrnion oF THE Demooratio Prat- vorM.—By cable telegram from London we are informed that the platform of principles adopted by the National Democratic Conven- tion in this city was received in London— whether complete or in synopsis fs not re- ported—on Wednesday, and that the journals of that city commented on it yesterday. The London Times asserts that the financial por- tion of the instrument lays down a ‘‘partial repudiation,” and hence the London Timea “forewarns” the democrats of the loss of the Presidential election, their permanent exclu- sion from office and, it may be, the “‘complete disruption” of the party. SMALL Inerno7e. —fome portions of the party press are indulging a pitiful disposition at what they suppose to be the expense of General Grant. They make dull jokes on hia trip out West, and chronicle his glasses of beer and similar small facts, as if these were arguments that.would convince the American people of the evil of his party, Oannot the partisan press rise a little above this? Can- not even a party writer perceive that it is a long way between this sort of fire amd that which can affect the thoughts of intelligent voters ? Stanprnc ox Hts Rtents.—Baron von Beust, Premier of Austria, has forwarded a de- spatch to Rome in which he states that be regards the issue of the recent allooution on the state of religion in Austria as an act of “intermeddling” on the part of the Pope with the domestic legislation of the empire. Pins the Ninth an “‘intermeddler!” Baron Beust must certainly have attended the Luther mona- ment festival at Worms. Ashe ia a Protestant ie cannot be excommunjeated, What shall be Jone with him? eee eum