The New York Herald Newspaper, August 19, 1867, Page 6

be peony.” THE CITY RAILROADS, Wheir Internal Management and Working— How the Compantes Treat Thelr a Troubles of the Conductors—The “Kuocking Down” Practice="Al Hands” Paying Theme eclves—The Car Lic: sm LAability o! rT Second aud Third Avenue Lines to Pay Td. cenve—The Original Grante-Complaints by the Police. Vt is cad that rich monopolies are the most ehary of thoi; money and the meanest in the payment and tres’ _ ment of their employés, Tholr wealth is #0 great an, ‘Me manner in which they make it go easy that tly oy be- ome eo independent, or, to use a better w ord, eo tyrannioal, as to ignore all wants, claims oF ‘nocessiiias eutside their own, This cou of condy’t, if reason ‘would only bo listened to, would appear ¥ wnpolittc im its action, injurious to the employers ava demoralizing $o the employed, in its resulis. A “man receiving for dong hours of hard work bat emall, mY xernble pay, ineufll- lent to meet his own wants and, totally inadequate to the support of a family, is sure, “/ chanca piace the ep- Portanity m bis way, (© help and, as he would call it wompenzate himself; for it evel! het in no ether ‘eountry is the familiar ay ctens of “knocking down’ se gon ‘erally resorted to aa iv this. It has become such em insti- “tution or profession that in many casos, especially with Bartenders, oe assiziant requires bet a year’s practice %e enablo Sim to open busines om “his own hook.” And these are (he results of Uais system of false-economy. Tn no po" tment is the syarem so generally put fp force and the reeuit so opesty exbidited asim the management aud conduct of thecity railreed companiea of New York, #t may, haying in view government geid mines, bo o Mitle asiray te “suy that @m the railroads the greatest ataount of “knocking down’ ia dons, bat known %D propertion to the ansount received they bave on Fevorad) © position ‘On the cky ra:lvoads avery large mumber of men are Gally emyloyed aud their work igor a most arduous, and in somo caves reeponeible, kiné. Thore are Ftable anon to Wko care of the horsea, lawnlighters for Nabting the cars and other placer incidental to the raitr Ing, and also for trimming lamps; *weepers who ¢ Oars; FoCC\Vora, etariers, driver and conductors. The fwo fatter are peid two dollars por “day for whieh they work ‘for porieds varyieg from twelve Yo “cightoen hours, On fomo of the linea, the Fourth avcnue for instance, the drivers and conductors go on duty at eight in the morning amd leove off at a Daif hour efter mrlnight. On the Bieccker strect line © mon work steadily frem eight A, M. toeleven P. M., and on the Thirdavenue the same bonre are the rule. Tho Beit road works its men about ae eame number of Bours each day, with two hours extra on Saturdays. During all this timo the drivers are supposed to mentain A steady hold e! iho herses with ove hand and turn the Break, when necessary, with the other. They have cou- santly to be on the lookout to guard -fgainet accidents, sod at diferent sialions of the road pull up their team’ suddenly aad with force to avoid collisions. The con Auotors, likewise, are obliged to be constantly on the alort; 6 be on the lookout for passengers; to remember here passengers require to “get ofl,” to collect fares and control (ho: drivere; and yot-ail this is expected from men who must arike ot Jeastat five o'clock in the orning, and cannot pos: pet their beds earlier Map two boure before widnight, cannot possibly Baro te “nec bfuiness, It be to the we roads, and not to the tired and wornout drivers and wondictors Poor pay may make theso men careless; Deiter compensation would undoubtedly actas a sum: ‘lant to thei, . ‘The laboring men of the companies are pald even loss Shan the drivers and conductors, an yet they are ex ted to keep relaye and reliefs of horses constantly leaned and in proper working order. Their pay varies Frow $149 to $1 80 per day. They are subject to con- #ant robefls from tyrannous foremen, and lead anything af al! but ap amusing or exhilarating life. ‘There ww another class of empioyés, led ‘extras’ — @upornumeraries who weit around ‘the stables for a @hance of a car for a day or two; or they are sometimes on late at ight, and in mapy instances ran for six r8 Or more, tor which suey are allowed $1, scarcely ever moro. The companies derive a large revonue from the sur- og seven-eighthe of e cent which they chane above aulborized jare. The conductors seem to imagine that from thie fund they have a certain privilege to Graw at plongure for their own wanis and necessities, @ad op (vem in turn prey a flock of cormorants who. ‘to use the) language, try to “ beat’ the conductor @utof al) be ‘makes.’ So that in the long run all Bands are paid pretty fairly, and that in spite of the Most active exertions of the company’s higher ofticials Bud detectives. Many-are inclined to believe that a con- ucts on a sireot car basa very pleasant place of it— far better than the driver, but the very reveree is the veal He loads a most miserable existence from the Very moment he fo admitied to office until dis barged. He commences by taking the oath re- quired by the company, to the effect that he ‘Will make fair and honest returns, and is then expected— ay, forced to break it immediately by ssociaten @n tho cars and on the road. Todo this he must deduct ® per contage from Teceipts in order to give the ex [itiat sllowance toall hands; if not bis tenure ot office uncertain, and bie journeys to and fro Srkeome and unprofitable, He is the only man handing the cash, and the receivers, starters, drivers, lamp cleaners and car sweepers all expect and Feguire from him their dividend of the spoil Then commence the troubles of the conductor. If he be onset! inclined he cannot hold his place for any great Jengio of time. He bas, therefore, to rdopt the other alternative, and, to commence, he paye the driver a fixed @oily etipend. The starter ts paid so much and @crews out mors, and If uot satisfied starts the victim bead of time, so’ that the next car will have time to gpare to wail for and pick up passengera. The eceiver— thas is, the person to Whoin tie receipia of each trip are urned, adopiga more ingenious and dignified plan. it te the duty of each conductor to Keep account of his Feceipis in a small book, which, with the money, he Bands to the receiver at tho eud of each trip. Thie is @eriided for and acknowledved correct by the receiver. 2o the meantime the conductor has only a few seconds 4o spare, and the instant the whistle sounde be must start iinmediately, uni p of disinissal. Tho receiver ean easiiy say the change i* incorrect, that it is short go much, and the conductor will not have time nor oppor- Sanity to dispute it, The following conversation, whieh ccourred lately at one of the depots, will explain thie mode of pro: d it twice— thought it correct, Reorives (in a rough manner and sweeping tue money foward the conductor)-—Take it away, take it away; it is ‘wrong. The whistle now sounds; the conductor has neither time to gather up the money nor enter into furthor dis- ote, and bas consequently to hand over the fifteen ts to the receiver: anc for the futuro, now tat bis eye has been opened to the “rules of tie order,” the mame amount or more hos to be paid the receiver tureo or four or five times reguiorly each dey. The to be paid, otherwise the unfortunate ‘will be started either before or after bis proper time, whichever ie the most to hie disadvantage; specimen ef tho tyrannove manner in which ond is demanded by the sterier, the following incident fe given and car be vouched for: —About seven o'clock ene wet morning, some two months ainco, a conductor one of the roads returned froma trip upon which bad not, proba’ received moro than filty conte fare, The starier asked what bo was golug fo mend. The conductor wered «a drink and @ clear, The starter, in a gruff voice, sald that the @onductor and bis ofgar and driok mixlit go te a warm forner, and added that it was breakiast be wanted the @onducter to pay for, The other answered that would De too much—he could not aiford it. Vhe starter then Feared “Go on,” sovaded his whistic, and away went @onductor, alead of time. In many cther almilar ways @o the startors eoforce their ,"’ aod oblige the @onductor to be continually cheating ine companies. A young man; a conducier on oue of the | e alsved some time ago, for, as it was alleced, I ‘ebaving” company Ho went (o the president and very diy told bim that he was not surprieed at being lecharged, ner did he bieme acy one, ouly that Le thought it was 4 use! 0 hoover (hey should th: take bis place woul bat be would od to, Bas! Could not pons: pit, Tt will, fe, be Vory easily eeon that neither the drivers nor @ehiductors on ity railroads lead very pleasat hives, enpecially the latior, who have todo fng, and then dtvide ainong the otters. yery, me as Fegards (De co there thoy nce. stariors have another little way of ‘erning an In the absence of the president or jent the starter has power to appoint meo tem- in pan, are allowed the most vot in all werty of pervect m heir, blows hie whistie, smokes his pine ie bear with the calmest exterior, while hie victim has to rop the road and cheat the,company In order to pay for the other's luxury. He must keep on the bost sernis with he starter; aud to witooss the soft manners of one to the other, and to listen 10 the mutual pledges of eternal frievdship passing hourly between the cat and the Mpoure, fe meiting and touching in the extreme, and greater proof of the real existence of thia frateraa) feeling than the iove tokens (etamps) that so often pass from ine hands of the conductor inte those of starter, ‘The conductor ia aleo obliged, for hie own safety, to ‘de constantly on the 7“ vive for * spotters "'—e class of employed by the company to watch the conduct- apd on their movements They are taken from ib SOXe8, are of all ager, and aré paid at the rate of je aie ov bis and drinks bout $18 per week. Young and women, men and boys are in this o¢oupauion, When the busi- pees was tuted it was found that the women made the best tives, but latterly the cor Dave come to the conclusion at’ smart Dore - Quicker, more shrewd and lees Habis to notice th the Women, consequently the latter's occupation is nearty ‘These “ ters’? generally ran in pairs, On ob acar at the commencement of the route wateher and counts the number of passengers and {! \ point previourly a car and w# relieved by another, to fare already rece this one then trave’ journey ees again reileved by Abother paruer, Ligsks aud gibers empleyed in stores EW ‘YORE HERALD, MONDAY, ands on the avenues— 3 aay corner in fet pele”, Seep sckan poigh he ear passing ring the day, «Oe ’ ofa ‘oar, fis ‘pumber and the number of spotie _ fbvelling In it st that particular moment, 4 are obliged to report their experiences ai ‘and th’, +%flice at least once in every twenty-four hours, Joo' 94” “One that “traps” tho greater number of men is +.-°4 on asthe most useful spy; consequently cases +040" sniiy ocour where, in order to earn @ reputation, falv , recurs are made against conductors, and they are 1 mediately disrmissod on a groundless charge, The ourden of this system of espionage falls mainly on the “grean’’ conductors, Who are not 80 familiar with the old ones, many of ho MON S very epy travelling on the road, These spies ate also allowed travelling expenses, and the aro generally either the wives or daughters of loyed by the company about the stables and the head When to deposit ono hondred dollars with his employers, and, coupling thie with the oath he ts oblived to take, with the cares of office and the necessities of his official posi- tion, ib will at once be seen that he has no sinecure position. The drivers lead hy conductor is appointed permanently he bas far an easier oxistonce than the coudactors; for they have nothing to attend to but their horses and see that the carsdo not rum over too many old poople or children, on their journoys up and down. They have got mo “knocking down’ todo, nor he they a host of dependents, if they may be called suc! to pay each day. Neither are they in danger of dismissal for uspected dishonesty every moment; for, at 00- casional perieds, the company, beving a bigh opinion of tho integrity of their employ’s, make a raéd without dtacrimination, and, on the principle that 2 stray shot into a floc is sure to Kill somo of the birds, dis- the frat six or a dozea wen whom they pick out at random Wher a driver has the misfortune to drive over “somebody,” which is not an unuswal occurrence, he immediatery reports the fact at the offtco, and ts at once suspended, Ho is then no ionger unuer pay, and ls expevted by the company to devote all his time to the ease: see the wounéed indtvidunl frequently and hont np all theevidence ke can possibly procure in favor of bimecif, wtich Is vonsequently bendiicial to the cowpany also. If the latter think he ts not to biemne, thoy may bafl bim out. where bail is required; otherwise the man bes to look ent for himself. The companies do not pay their men snficlently well larly tho conductors who holtresponmbto poskions in wwich they have constantly ths handing of suas of mover, ‘Thereforo it is that tire men cannot be said to bo wittsout reproach, The conduct and action of their employers tend to demoralize them in many ways; for where neon hold wncertaia positiona, positions in which they ere harshly treated, it is only logical to con- clade that while in office thoy will make the most of it, There remarks do not rofer to recoivers, starvers and others previously mentioued in this article for, although it caunot be denied that they are demoralized to a certain extent, they are better treated than the workingmen—the conductors end drivers; have better pay, niuch easier situations and share the plunder of all ‘hands round, ‘There aay be, and possibly are, some mon among them above temptation; but neither space bor time will allow Of golug on a voyage of discovery after diem, The companio#, with two exceptions, in thelr turn neglect to do thelr duty towards tho citizens who allow theta the privilege of their best streats, Thoy refuse to Pay a license foo which all classes—even the poorest in tho cowmunity, willingly pay. Tho car licenses are lawfully due tho city. If the poor ped- dler, the junk deater and the apple man are liable to license for thelr litle wagons or carts, why not a company, rich and wealthy, pay for large cors which aro continually full of passengers, yielding an Immense revenue, and wearing and damaging to strecis, and dangerous to foot passengers, especially when the thoroughtares are crowded? The police have doue thelr duty in tho mattor, and are consiantly watch- ing tho eara.im order to ascertain the numbers runving on'those lines that do not pay heense, Yet, wiih all their endeavors, no good has resulted from their vigi- jance end their reports, Most undoubtedly a screw is loose somewhere, following figures show, as nearly can be oscer- taiued, tho number of cars running daily on each of the city railroad |ineg, and also the number for which liconse is paid by their proprietors:— Cars Li- Lins, Presidents, running. censed Second avenue... Joba Rite 80" Nowe. Third avenue Robert Squires. 160 None. Fourth aveuue. '. Vanderbilt.. 60 None, Hudson River Railroad Vanderbiit.. 16 None. Sixth avenue... T. Butler,..... 50 50 Seventh av. & Barclay si 23 None. Seventh ay. & Broome st. >John Korr..... 16 None, Seventh av. & Broad wa “4 Eighth avenue....... Ninth avenue, East and We: Bleceker street, Crosstown ,. Dry Dock, Fast Bi ‘and Battery Co, W. Richardson. East Broadway & av. W. Richardson. Cortiandt street and Gri street ferry.............W. Richardson, 18 None. Bults have been ingtituted against the Second and Third avenue limes, unsuccessfully, however, especially in the case of the Second avenue, which, it {s said, bas gome peculiar grant which takes it completely away from the police and city authoritios, and from all re- sponsibility of liceuse fees, The grant for thig road was madeonthe 1th day of December, 1852; tho Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the city of New York being the grantors,and Donton Pearsall, Joseph ©. Skaden, Abrabam P. Rapelyea, Willian L. Hall, Richard T. Mulligan, Charles Miller, Daniel J. Sherwood, Abraham Allen and Henry Goff the grantees. After reciting the streets through which the track would be laid the grant goes on to say that the said parties shall, before this Permiasion goes into effect, good and suM- cientagreement with tho Mayor, Aldermen and Com- monalty of the city of Now York, to be drawn and ap- proved by the Counsel to the Corporation, selves to abide by and perform the stipulations and pro- id algo all such other regu- lationa and ordinances as may be passed by tho Common Council relating to the said road, It would almost ap- pear from the wording of tho last fow lines that the grant does eliow the Corporation some authority yet over is company, The sult brought by the City Council against the Thir Avenue Railroad Company to recover a license of $50 on each car runuing on the road was taken through all the courts to the Court of Appeals, where a decision given in favor of the company as regarda the amount Claimed. It is now assorted that this decision was ad- Verge only to the amount claimed, and was not in favor ofthe company’s right to run without license, Tho je d, Were of opinion that the city conld cla'm $20—the amount paid by stages—bat not $50, The result {s that tho matter is being again leid baforo the- courte for the purpose of obtelutng the $26 license from each car, The grant of the Third Avenne Railroad line was mada by the Mayor, Aldermon and Commonaity of tho city of New York Mrat day of Junuary, 1853, to Myndert Van Se @ M. Dewey, Joun B, Dingiedein, ; Jamea W. Flynn, James ifckivaney, Patrick McKloy, Thomas Murphy, Philip Reynolds, Elljah F, Purdy, "Bryant MoCahiil, George Cieflin, Oscar F. Bonjamin and others. Resclution No. 8 in tho Agreoment says:—"That in consideration of the good and faithful performance of the conditions, stipulations and agroemente above praveribed, and af such othennecessary requirements as may hereafier bo mado by the Common Council for the regulacion of the eaid railroad, the said ties chal! pay, from tho date of opening the oad, the anunal licenas feo for each car now nllowed by low, and shall have uicenses accordingly."” Yet, not- withstanding this provision, which reads rather plain, tho company refuse te pay the loanses, and resort to subterfuge to ovede the law. of Su proving the moral and pecuniary condition of the precout domoraliced, badly treated employés of the dif ferau! roads. ALONG THY HUDSON. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE #ERALD. of the Late Storm—Crops Be- Bridges Carried Away=The Inundation nt Penghkeepate. Povansnerait, N. ¥., Angaai 18, 1867, Beiated reports from the intorior of this county tel! of increased damages from the late severe storm. A gen- veman who arrived in town yesterday states that four bridges have boon carried away between here and Beok- man, and that Le was competlod to baild temporary ones With rails from ences, He also statesshat the read near Stormville is washed for over a quarter of a mile with three feot of water. Discouraging reports are received ip relation to the condition of the hay crop, it having hoem.damaged to tho Amount of thousands of doliare, Oats bare algo suffered terribly, the alternase eunsiine aud rain heving operated Gisasirously upon the crop Although the prospects of clear woather nt noan Yesverday wore good (end our citizons did actually bask in the gen l rays of the sun for awhile) ye: towards (again, beeatna obscured. free view by donse masses of clouds from which the rain fell in t rents “as easy as roiling off a log." The cellars and b enta down town in the Inundated district aro still half fail of water, and the scenes thereabouts are !udi- crous indeed. Especially was one aceae noticeable last It was located in a down town barber shop, Seated about the room on etcols, with thar feot reating on the rounds, wore several customera waiting to b: shaved, while the barber stood upon a temporary form manipuinting the beard of a custon the floor of the shop being o water which flooded it. Dus ever, no mattor what ¢ SPIRITUALISM. ‘The Decision in the Thwaytes Will Case~Ju- dicial Review of the Creed and Acts of Crazy Milllonalre=Religious Ideas und Mental “D: us’? Pronounced Insay.ity— When and How is a Person Mad? COURT OF FROBATRE—LONDON, aUGusY 6, Before Sir J. P, Wilde, Smid and Others vs. Wedvitt and Others Judgment.— ‘The court sat to-day for the Servers, of giv ing judgment in this important caso, which was tried ip April and May last, and occupied nine or ten days. Th’, plnintitts Pounded as executors the will dated 49 24 of March, 1866, of Mrs. Ann Thwaytes, lato of ( narmandean, near Worthing, in Suazex, and of No. 17 "Hyde Park gardens. The wil! disposes of property of the, yalue of upwards of £400,000, two of the piaintiifs, Mr. Simm Smith aud Mr, Samuel Smith, bemg residuary fey atees. ‘The defendant, Mrs, Tebbitt, is the sister and on'y next of kin of the deceased, Tho two other def’sndants, Mra, Cook and Mr, Waiter Tebbitt, are childro’g of Mra. Tebbitt, They pleaded, in opposition to the will, umdue execution, in- ty and unde influency,, SuJ. P, Wilds delivered the following judgment It is not uncommon, in speaking of cages like the pre- ont, to PAY tbat the quest jon to be sotwed is whether the tentatrix was mad; but Wao quostiea waised by the pl ings ts whether the toc trix was ef “‘gonnd and dispos- ‘mg mind, memory awl understem@ing” at the time she made her Will; and the legal meaping of these terms is & definite and lirested one, having no relation to any other subject than vhat of testamentary capacity, have received 4 expesition in torms sufficient cleur, and at he ands of aatherity eutiiciently high. forbeas, therefore, to discuss “madness” either m ite opulsr accepstion or fis legal aspect in relation to thor matter—sach a3 immunity in the commission of cr Gschmye iui whe obligation of contract, re« streint in the management of property, or the liberty of self-conivei. ‘The principle of decision’ in such mat- ters may £6 or may got be—certainty has not ‘eiwaye been in criminal matters—identical with that which governs the law relating to wills, An In- quiry inte tho differeos which the decided cases may presont wader various beads would lack neither extent nor interost; but It kee no piace here, Tho law testa- mentary has been Iaie Sowa by my predecessors indo- pendeutiy of all suck considerations, and it is the sm- ple duty of the Cotrt to ascertain and administer ‘There<s no country ™ tho world in which the law per- mits ‘a larger exercise of volition in the disposal of property after death than in England, but it roquires a a condition that this volition should be that of a mind of natural capacity not enduly impa a age, enfeeblod by tllness, or tated by morbid influence Such a mind the tow calls a sound and disposing mind. The Inquiry now vefore the Court has relation only to Lof these conditions, and the subject is again d by the nataro of the morhi fluences or mens ler imputed; for it is noi o and geu- perversion of ‘the mind from reason, nor of lan- guage or content generally irrational, that the testatrix is hore accused, bat only of that peculiar form which mental walidy is known at times to assume, which used to be called partial insanity, and which, in the more exact language of modern science, has obtained the name of monomania, A person who isthe subject of m-noma- nid, however apparent'y sensib’e or prudent on all subjec’s and occasions ther tian tse which are the spoial sub- yet of his apparent infirmity, is no! in law capable of mating @ will, This has deen clearly decided in tho several cages quoted at the bar, of w ouly necessary io name that of Waring vs. Waring. is needless to travel over the paths by whicis this con- clusion has been reached. It is properiy point in snch.an ingniry aa the progent. 1¢: dec'ded cases to have established this proposition, that if disease be once showa to exist ta the mind of the testator it matters not that the disease be discoverable only on a certain subject, or that on all other subjecis the action-of the mind 1: apparently sound and the con- duct even prudent, tho testator must be pronounced i capable, Further, that the samo resnit follows, though the particalar subfects upon which the diseaso is fested have-na connection whatever with the toat tary dispogiifon before the court. Thus far all is clear, but beyond it IT rearch the decided cases in vain a guide, Whatis to be the proof of diseaso—tho test of morbid mental action ? “Pheeristence of mntal delusius’? it would, perhaps, be answered, But this only poe'pone: the question in place of anewering it; for what is a mentul de- lusion? How Is it to be defined &0 as to constitute a test of mental disorder or disease? The word {s not a very fortunate one. In common parlance a man may bo said to be under a “delusion” when he only Jabors under a mistake. Tie ‘dclusion” intended is, of course, something very dif- feront. To sey that a “morbid” or an “insane” “doiu- sion’? is meant is to beg the question, for ihe ‘delusion’ to be sougitt is to bo the test of insanity, and to say that an insane or morbid deiusion isthe test of insanity or disease does not advance the inquiry. ‘A belief of facts which no rational person would have beheved,” says Sir John Nieoll. “No rational person.” This, too, appears open toa like objection, for what are the limits of a rational man’s belief ? And to say that a belief exceeds them ie only to say that it is trrational or insano—“the belief of things as realities which oxtst only in tho imagination of the patient,” saya Lord Breugham in “Waring ve Waring; but surely eane people often imagine things to exist which have no existence in reality, both in the physical and moral world? What else gives riso to unfounded fears, unjust suspicions, baseless hopes, or romantic dreams? I turn to another defi tion. It is by Dr, Wilhs, a man of rreat eminence, is quoted by Sir John Nicoll in “Dew ve. Clark” —"A Pertinacious adherence to somo delusive idea in opposi- tion to plain evidence of its falmty.” This scems to offer a surer ground; falsity isto be plain, aud who shall eay if it be so or not ? In many or most cages it would be easy enough. Those who havo entertained tho delusive idea that their bodies were made of glass and their legs of butter as {t may be found ia medical works that some ave done) certainly bave plain evidence at hand, the evidenc> of thor senses, of its falsity, But what if the “delusive idea” concern a-subject in which the senses play no part, and the “plain evidence” by which it is to be discharged ig matter of reavoning and addrossed to tho intellectual faculty? Will all eane men azreo whether the evidence is plain or not? And, tf not, shall one man pronounce another a monomaniag because tho evidence is plain, to his reason, which refftes the ideas the other holds? I forbear to examino further thes definitions, varietios of which wi!l bo found in the Bumerous decisions on mental incapacity, In all the 0 diMoalties will be found when applied as a general test of disease, Let me not, however, bo misunderstood. Tom far from i hat there are not many delusive \d erroneous beliefs which plainly argu mental m; bat they do £9, not merely becaave they ara re orerroneous. It is ta some cases the degree of of their diverenco from ordinary senso and reason, and im others the mode in which they exbibit themselves, and the force which they succostully rosist for their expulsion, that induce the concinsion of disse, That this is ¢o will appear from pursuing some retlec- tions which underlie this Intricate and — intorosting subject. No man knows aught of the condilin ¢ anwher's mind ereept by comparizon with his o And in _institatmg — this comparison we recog. nize the general fact that all mankind are with the same senses, moved by the like eMotions, governed by the samo restraints and guided by the s: in their force and action in ¢ viduals, or the saine individoal, @t dilforent times, they vary within certain limits and certain limits only. It is when the words or deeds of others, referred to our oma standard, end that whick by experiones is found to be the common rtandard of the human race, appear to tranegress those limits that wo suspect those common senea, emotions nd faculties which we know to exist to be the subjects of disorder or diseano. If the divergence be very marked and exhibit itself either on many eud- ject, or with uniform constaney in the behavior of the indisidual, wo presounce disease without hesitation, In Propertion as the divergence ts eithor casual or trifling, of open to some cther probable solution, the inquiry 18 ditieus and the judgmont hesitates. ‘Here, then, T think, is the simplé rale by whieh mankind in goveral Provenuce upon meutal disease; bul to those who have Studied the subject .of Insanity, another and alternat Moethodis open. Tacre may bo, sndeno doubt are, many Whose insanity ie saspected, bet not proved; but in the largo majority of the inwsne mental ‘disease admita'of no doubt waviever, Their ideas, their conduct and demernor contrae! at almost every nt of com parisou with those of their feliow men, And it is the especial Ousiness of there who devove themselves to the Mitigation er cure of <his feayful malady to study the ways and forms of thou, ht and e: ion Which attend pou it, The sort of things that the immane say and do, their boring and demeator, the occasions they choose of decline for the exbitition of ther riling idens—ail these become familiar tothe medical asemdant, Hence be is (urnished with another road by wiveh to approach the determination of insanity in adouwital cave, Ho Can reason from the certainty to the protibly diseased mibd, and is ons ied to trace in tho iawter jineame which are clearly marked ic the former, Thus, wi thesvorid at large can only contrast the doubttal with the sane, the physician Bas at hand the alternet vo contrast with the °. alternative methoe. jad Lig a Conseqaence of these igoront that tha guestion of insanity, (hough it talls to the tot of a legal tribunal, ia Properly a mixed ono—partly within the raaso of com- tion obperration—one in ao far At to be commidored by a Jury; pactiy within the range of special exporionce, and in 20 far the propor subject of saredical inqeity. It le the office.of tho court, shen, to igform fiself as for as Opportunity permits of cho general resits of medical observati to approach the erbject of tlrie.case on {he opposite sides thus indicated, wearching for a fit = lasion by alternately psesenving the paraliel tween s aad asanity (0 the sapings end dowss of the decease a What these sayings and doings were appears from the following eriracts from the éefondant’a evidence: — Hi Lordebip then read numerous extracts from the evidoa ne to the declaratio Mrs, Thwaytes respecting ber communications wit! oreong, Sho bad said to LONG ISLAND INTELLIGENCE, > Drowven.—A fow days since tho dead bedy of @ man was found om the beach in the harbor at Cold Spring. From papers found upon his person and from initials in ink upon the arm, his namo ia P, Carlia, — vender by occupation. It is thought by som hat the deceased man was partiallp insane and com: go beg others opine,that he wae robbe: t and toro ator, He was known to carry large sume of money about his person, The deceased was a large man, five feet pine inches high, and ape parently about thirty years of ago. Tam Carrie PLacve.—This fearfal disoase having abated in the neighborbood of Flushing, it was tion it had quilted the Island, but it now comes to light in SoMolk county, where it ia making ead ravages. Fir horses and @ mule belonging to one farmer hai o died from its effects within a week, schon and Fo Vino. —The Pie rain i SRE tas dette tence io Bon4 neighbor! a, Carter's Bridge, ai Well Chart (Va) Corea, agua en \ edineadal areday have saved ts coun’ different witnesses ih the Creator, Chal she was th nin the Trinity, end Mr, Siv 2 thal she wae above God seven dey that she sent the eba era or in- fvenza through creation, and that it had to go through ber first; that the brates had been at tempting to poison her; that one atago of hor work was ti, 'ndnoss; that sho had gone through the new birth, ove-y bone and sinew and drop of biood had been mado ner ; that if the Almighty lost her overyiuing would go to 6 aoe; that she was about to bring forth the Saviour of the World; that the Tebbitt family were doomed to over\ a8t+ ing perdition; that she held direct communication wth the Father; that the judgment of the worid was to tah 0 ia hor drawiug-room in Hyde Park; that Dr, South ww everyhing the did; vuat ehe was the first great cause and the pivot on which the whole world hang; that at one stage of the work the Doctor required La ; that it seemed foolish for her to as abo was immortal, but she rust act im mat had a headdress of hair and a coronal of diamonds made expressly for the judgment day; that Mra, Curtis wos a obild of God, and was obliged to fall on her knecs and her, for sho knew she was the Holy Ghost; that when the work was finished they would have Buckiog- ham Palace and Windsor Castle; that she and the Dovtor made the thunder and lightning, and were in their glory in a good thorm: that they were the supreme beings and eomamunicated together, ey were absent from on@ another, and that the Ju terns 0 take place fa het drawing room, and she was to take PArt in it with the Lond Jesus Christ in connexion with Dr. Smith,» ar" ‘thi did not deny that this future days Cae’ aan mane oer This diary was given in evidence, records con’ tions with Mrs, Thwaytes still iohee remarkable than any already Cpa — Be Me pgs if re bone . uy f ite pose coul upon, would fort rote evidence, in page Vout tare enouid? —- been an intention, as /ionably there was & motive to decviv9, it, Would be tho worst, “Ie think it sater to set this portion ef the evidence for the present as de, and recur to it if meed » Theevidence cs troversy. They aro for the most part trades: yanta With whom ‘irs, Thwaytes came in they repro@uce in such various forms the same ideas and thowghis ia theiraccount of the testatrix as to. negative fraudulent concer: and induce a general betief, Nor was the credibility ef these witaesses otherwise assailed 4 the plaintifis than by the following . reument, on whic t sures was laid:—liow Is 1t possible, it was asked, clade that Mre, Thwayles really thought herse!f to be a member of the Holy Trinity when find the Witnesses professing to recourt such incons stent state- ments on the subject? One will have it that she spoke of the Trimity as consistiag of one set of persons and enother of a different set, while a third 80 far astostate that che spoke of introducing a fourth person mto it, So, again, one witness makes her say that sie ta the bride of Christ, another that she isto bring fur h the Saviour, amother that the child is tobe wgirl, and so forth, Can ideas and languace se different be believed to have come from the same persou? Or, if they did, and here great stress was laid, can the Court draw from statements so antagonistic the concluston that Mrs, Thwaytes entertained any such dednite belief as that she -was a person of the Holy Trinity, or the mother of the Saviour, or thelike? The answer to this method of reasoning “ lo me to be very near tbe suriace. Assume Mrs. Thwaytes to be a rational person of sound mind, and it is irrefragible, Assume the contrary, and its force vanishes ‘to nothing. If consistency is the offspring of reason, the irrational can scarcely fail to be neonsistent; and, when the in- consistencies of thought and speech in an indivitual aro brought forward to establish her want of reason, it is no answer to say that they are such that no rational person could bave conceived or uttered them, f would hero observe, before commenting on the extravagant ideas in im these statements, that the witnesses cover, in the periods to which they’allude, a spaco of upwards of thirty yeare. Their evidence extends fro: anterior to the death of Mr. Thwaytes into th of tho year 1864, Morevver, the witt kot profess to repeat the’ exact and actual words which Mra xhwaytes may bave used, but only the substance of what she sald, asserting, however, that she would say these same things repeatedly and constantly whenever occasion offered. I think it fair, therefore, to infer, on the one hand, that the broad ideas involved in woat is said to have failen from her had permanent if not constant possession of her mind, while on the other the exact shape of these ideas ought not to be inferred with to rigid a precision from the words which the witnesses recount. With these quali(i- cations I proceed to address myself to Mra. Thwaytes’ ideas on religions su’ jects, It is here that it ia con- tended she exh'bited the most prominent signs of mono- They are as follows ad constant rect communication with God; was tho ost, and that Dr. Smith was the Father; that me’ other persons, not always the same, they ed the Holy trinity; tl his relation between as such that Dr, Smith knew all that she thought and did—"if he were in Jamaica and I sitting here by the fire he would know all I thought and did.” At an- othor time that she was “above God seven degrees,” that epidemic diseases, such as cholera and influenzs came through her ageucy, God said “urn on the screw,” and the clolera came. “Turn it ogain,” and ‘it coed. That she was engaged with Dr. Smith in somethiag that she called ‘the great woxk;” that tho first stage of thie work bad its commence- ment about the year 1832, when she had an iliness in which Dr. Smith attonded her; that at this time she euffered mach agony and became blind; that this blindness continued for several weeks (she did not always adhere to the exact number), but that continuance she worked wih her needie and heramed a numbor of disters; that at this period a rd ag jeally born anew, with new |. She re- linen. at avother (ime that she was the Virgin Mary. Lastly, that the great final judgment of man would take place iu her own drawing room, and that she would sit there | in judgment on her fellow creatures with the Creator. Tho exhibition of these leading ideas was not restricted to mere conversations; were carried into action by Mrs, Thwaytes in & eafficiently distinct and unquestiona- ble mauner. In the Crest place, there is the Loudon drawing room furnished a! the expense of about £15,000, for no other o-cation than the day never br ught inious onary ove single ion; ver disman- tled, never forgotten, always prepared, and for years per- sistentiy spoken of by the (edatr'a as dedi to that event, Mr. Clarke, who, a3 foreman to Messre. Gillow, bad these decorations in hand, is sent for by tho testatrix, and, without ap; it Feasom or motive for be needed no charitable belp, te told that he is to receive £50 a year. This annuity he received for many ears, during which he was constantly sent for by Mra. toon for no other purpose than to listen to the religious ideas which she poured forth for his edification by the bouratatime. It ts dificult to forbear the con- closion that this annuity was, in the mind of Mrs, Thwaytes, the fitting reward for the part ho had borne in the sacred work 0! preparing for the great judemont, Then there is the tiara of diamoude bought tor the deco- ration of her own person, never worn, but kept in re- serve and dovoted to the same august occasion. Again, her assumption of the Divinity waa not confined to words, It was proved by one very credible witness, if not more, that on more than ono occasion she permitted, if she did not invite, Mrs. Curtis to fall down on ber knees and worship ber. It is trae that Mra, Curtis deavored to expiain the position in which she was foun in a diferent way; but the evidence of the fact, coupled with Mra, Thwaytes’ expressions concerning it, satisiies the Court of this conduct and its true character, It ia well to pause bere and ask if any sane person ever con ceived or fosterad such deas as these? Some of them— such as being the bride of Christ, that there was a mystical sad apirituai connection between herself and Dr, smith which enabled Lim to read her thoughts, that sho was born enew in some mysterious senso beyond a merely spiritual regeneration,—I can conceive it Just possible to have been bred in a mind uot very highly educated or robust, acted upon by au excitable nervous enthusiastic temperament. Bat will anything we know of the na- tural and healthy working of the human mind extend to the conception of a faise identity, such as that involved in her boing one of the Holy Trinity or the Virgin slary ? or, still further, 10 hor assumption of the Divine aitri- butoa, in the preposterous expectation that sue should sit in judgmont on the rest of inaokind, culminating as it didinw ourile ba‘bos of the London dra ving room, with ita velvet aad silk, as the rcoue of her futare giory ? Religious and fanatical enthusiasm will account for much, but did it ever stretch 80 {ar and stoop so low? It is not, asgurediy, In the rogion of enthasiasm tnat we. must look for the calm exercise 01 pare reason, temper- ate aud weil balauced ideas, or exactness of logical thought; still lesa mast we expoet that the fervour of ta- Baticis will follow in the slow stops of philosophy, réach- ing jus conclusions by the graduated steps of proof. Iti hardiy.then, by the mere test of their reasonableness tuat the will thoughts of religious enthusiasts can be brought to astandard for judgment of their sanity, But there are surely limits even to 60 mystical a audject, within which the human mind in a state of bealth is unreason- able or extravagant, and the common experience of life gives us a sense of thoso limits sufficient for the forma. ton of judgment fu most cases, To dra line, if there be one, wh.ch defines sach jtmits ma: impossible, but to aifirm that some insiancos is not so, “No one,” said Barke, “can say whore twi- Mgnt beging or ends, but there is ample distinction be- tween day and night.”’ If, then, I were bound, stopping here, to pronounce, upon the bare contemplation of these ideas, without reference to the conduct or habits of the person who entertained them, or the mode in which they were exhibited, whether they were such as sane people have been Known to entertain, I fear I sheald be compelied to answer in the negative, But the conduct and habits of the |, and the mode io which and the occasidns on which she manifested ber re igfous thoughts and ideas canaot be thus excluded, They forin, Fogel more valuable materials for judg. ment than the character of the ideas themselves, and ress wih remarkable weight in the same direciion, rs. Thwaytes did not, by any acts of her life or by any outward demeanor, exhibit herself an a roligious en- thusiast. Charitable she appears to have been, but, save in the extraordinary conversations In which the questionable ideas above guoted were revealed, the eab+ ject of religion was rarely or never approashed by her. She never wont to church or sought communion with ministers ef any form of religion, and, witn one excep- Hon, relatieg to a book ehe ie not known to have read, was Wholiy without religious liierature. Very ignorant, too, she was, according to one of tho witnesses, on every: thing connected with sacred subjects She is portrayed in the evidences as a very ordinary woman, not deficient ia shrewd derstanding, but wholly without that warmth and fevor which the tonperament of an enthu- Blast invariabiy diclotes; nnd lastly, she preached no faith, so held torth to the world no’ doctrines, and she gougtit no converts, Not to all who were eilling to bear her, careless of ocrasion and reckless of opposition, aid sho raise her voice to procieim any religious trath, fore- going tho comforta of ordinary life for tke agitated career of lespired 2eal. Far irom 1 It wus io pri- vate, and mostly to her servants or inforidrs, when ne ‘was nlono with them, that she gave ventto her extravagances, and then only if sho waa wot op. posed. Contradiction or digsent calied forsh, ‘1 see you are not rightly constituted,” or, “Go and takea walk,” and tho subject was wot remewod, ‘Thon, for her daily life, hor carly but regalar dianer, equally regular drive, her afternoon sleep, ber gamo of whist ig, and then to ao early bed, make up a picture in which it 1 hard indeed to ro cognize the character of an enthusiast or trace the tem- a a ae 3 this be #0, ia it ratty, in pecan ‘A jadgment of her sanity, to compare ber with 5 a that charater and temper, and in ccrabontng ker opinions of ideas, to make the allowances which expe- rience warns us that we must that very foundation of the able arguinents addressed to the Court on she part of the plaintrifs is laid. so ccaminentoer of J hanna Sou'heote or John Bunyan and some with a sour mi iy of judgment be goapplied? * © © and, if foodie, word monet pape oe oer Thwayte's th i S Get per cererteets on Decomber, 1834 Pane ai rey an pee a Sr'smien deta Sal (48,000, aad in AUGUST 19, 1887. tay be surmised. tage of the work the doctor required large sams of money to carry it on.” When she dismissed ‘Mrs. Tebbitt said, “1am persuaded by my triends to shut the door against you."” Who were those frien: of Mr. Samuel Smith to live with her, and in the rup- ture with er relations and in the expenditare of her monoy, Dr. Smith had considerable influence over her, On what was this intiuence founded? He first at- ‘onded her in what he describes as alow fever, with much mervous ‘excitement, two years before Mr, Towaytes’ death, It was this illness to which she so often referred ag the period when she was born anew and was blind. And to this, no doubt, she also referred in the following statement, repeated by a very trust- worthy witness named Gardener:—‘She said that God was hor Fathor, that sho was brought into the work in connection with Dr, Smith, and that they were to carry out the purposes of God; that they together formed the Trinity, and ‘that from time that God had communicated this to hor sho had been in direct communication with Him.’ Indeed, her position in relation to Dr, Smith, if it rested on no mystical religious association, betrayed great weakness and lavish indifference to money. Such are the conclusions which the evidence as it stands makes manifest, Bot ha: the Court a full picture of Mrs, Thwaytes’ life? And is it certain that if ber entire de- meanor and conduct ag it showed itself to those among whom she lived (and they were not mapy), were freely and fally placed bofore the Court, the list of her extrava- gances would pot be augmented? This is a most mo- mentous question, Tt lies at the root of the defendant's conféntion that im ordinary life she was prudent and conducted herself like other people, and yet unfor- tunately the provisions of the will in controversy are such as to mako this question a bard one to avswer. For the will gives large legacies rang- ing from £6,000 to £15,000, to almost every indi- Vidual, man cr woman, in: whoge society the testatrix moved, or who could be said socially to know anything about her. The tendency of these dispositions to’ close the channe's of evidence and narrow ibe memories of ‘Witnesses can hardly be doubted, A recollection to be exerted in destruction of its own interests must be vig- orous, indeed, if it goto the full length of the truth. It is fit to bring these remarks to a close. The conclu- sions of the court as to the validity of this wil! must have been made already apparent, I think it cannot stand. I cannot reconcile the proved hallucinations of the testatrix in the matter of religion with the action of ® sound and healthy mind on the ono hand, and on the other I find them to be just such as a diseased mind is known to engender. I can find no excuse or explana- tion in her temperament or general character for her ab- surdities on this special subject, When I turn from this subject to her general conduct and demeanor I find the Sources of information narrowed and diverted by the dispositions of the wiil. But with such light as I have T find clear traces of insane suspicions at one time and insane aversions at another. A large fortune ill hus- banded; relations estranzed; extravagant benefits con- ferred on those about her, though strangers in blood; a secluded life and a submission to the will of another, apparently founded on the special subject of her bailuci- nation, for which the external and visible relations of the arties can hardly account; a life with such features not calculated to rebut tho conclusions to be drawn from her proved delusions on the subject of re-ligion. it was decided jn the case of Sutton vs. Sadler (3 Com. Bouch, N, 8. 67) that before a will could be pronounced valid the Court or jury must be able, on a review of the whole evidence, to dociare itwelf satisfied that the testi tor was of sound mind, memory and underatanding the time of its execution. The €ourt is not so satisfied in this case, and must pronounce against ‘his will. It ro- maina to be pointod out that the conclusion at which the Court has thus arrived of Mra, Tuwaytes’ generai inca- pacity throws many coneiderations into the shade-which would otherwise have occupied a prominent place in its @eliborations. If Mra, Thwaytes had been esteemed capable of making a will at all, a grave question would have arisen whe'her that capacity would have sup- Ported a will so made and with such dispositions as the will here in question. The law hag ever been watchful and jealous of wills mado under religious influences, and especially #0 when those inffuences connect themselves with any Individeal who is the object of the testator’s bounty, Before Wili, therefore, could have been es- tablished, the relations of Dr. Smith with the teatatrix must have’ been farther scrutinized and expiained, and the Court satisfied that in making him and his brother Tesiduary legatces to the amount, as it is compated, of £180,009, the testatrix was acting freely, under the pres- gure of no duty or paramount ebligation,-the influence of no lusion as to Dr. Smith’s spiritual being and the guidance of no baseless religious dream. The reeult is that the Coart pronounces against the will. I make no order as to costs, To decree them out of the estate would be to make the defendant pay them. THE EXTRA SOLDIERS’ BOUNTY. Letter a Mitwaverr, Wis,, August 10, His Excellency, Lucie Farcmy, Governor 1967, of Wis. Dear Sm—I have received numerous letters from sol- diers of our State entitled to extra bounties under the act of July 28, 1866, which disclose the ex'stence of serious dissatisfaction with the progress made in the settioment of these bounties, and anxiety to ascertain who fs responsible for the delay; whether {t is una- poner} and whether any remedy of the evi! is to be expecied, Finding it diMcalt to answer at length all inquiries on this subject I take the liberty of addressing you a public letter for the information of all concerned. At the commencoment of the se sion of Congress the House of Representatives adopted a resolution directing the Secretaries of the Treasary and of War to inform that body whether additional legislation was ne- cessary to expedite the payment of the extra bounties, The substance of the information convoyed by their re- plies and by the verbal statements of the Second Auditor to members of the House, was that, in of claims made by living soldiers, the Paymaster General makes the payment upon certificates furnished on bis applica. tion by the Second Auditor, who has the custody of the muoeter-out-rolis of tho army, and, upon an examination of these rolls, certifies the facta in each case; that forty. five clerks were employed in the oxatmination of the rplls and preparation of these certificates for the Pay- master Coneral and for the Commissioner of Pensions, who settles certain claims for pensions upoa like certid- cates; that as many clerks were engaged in this work as could be safely and protitably employed; that there had alroady accumulated in the office of the Second Anditor 90,000 unanswered applications of the Postmaster General for such informa. tion, and, in the Paymaster General's offica, about 150,000 cases jin which applications had not been forwarded to the Second Auditor; that during the Inst three months the Second Auditor had an- swored the Paymaster Goneral’s applications at the rate of 12.693 per month, and hoped eventually to reach 15,000 hat tho settlement of ail the boun- ties due under the act could not bo effected in lese than three years. This information, if correct, showed that the delay would be remediless, unless some coulda be devised by which more clerks could be as- signed to this duty. A joint resolution pre- by an officer of ‘the Pay Department, was passed by the House of Representatives, ayo | that photographic copies of the muster out rolls shoul: be taken for the uso of the Paymaster General, which would farnish him a fac sim:l of every roll, and #0 ren- dor it possible to increase the clerical force employed on extra bounty claims. We were assurod by a photo- who had been employed many yoars in the ary Department and had copied papers much larger than the largest of these roils, that tho provisions of the es Tesoiution were entirely practicable, But the reso- ution was defeated in the Senate. Tt is said that the Second Auditor had eighty thousand muster out roils for the year 1865 alone; that the ex- pense of photographing would be vory great; that to many of there rolis papers of various sizes were so at- tached as to cover parts of the rolls and render it im- possible say | to photograph either the rolls or tho appendages; and that many of the entries were in red iuk, which Could not be copied by the photographic pro- coas, The photographer referred to thought ‘hoe diMeul- tles.could he easily surinounted ; but the joint resolution was indefin.toly postponed by the Senat® on motion of Senator Wilson, who said that “when we passed tho Bounty bitt it was not supposed the work could be com- pleted wnder three or four years,” ‘Oa his motion the Senate disposod of the aubject by adopting a resolution ca'ling upon the Seoretaries of tho Treasury and of War for the same information which y had aiready farnished in obedience to the order of House ot Representatives, The information that the Audkor had in his office 80,000 muster out Tolls for tho yoar 1865, and therefore, probably, 150,000 in ail, led me, and I think many other Represen- tatives, to doubt whether it was certain that only forty. five clerk could be employed in their exam!nation, I could not sso why each clerk must have 8,000 rolls 1 ould not see why, with sufficient office room and labor properly syetematized five hundred or even one saod clorke.might not be employed in the exatm! Of 250,000 rolls, 1 did not regrot that the House tion was defeated in the Senate, because I thought 1s: A prospect of obiniaing relief by the employment of increased forse upon the original rolla themselves. The impression wee very extensive in the House that after all there might beat the bottom of the trouble some undisclesed reason net originating in the necessities of the cage, and at the close of the session a special com- Teilter wae appainted to nceriain the cause of the delay, Abd sugrest a remedy, ‘f possibie, This committes har od papers, aud ie determined thorowrh and impartial investigation at the Commencement of he neet session, and to ascertain and, Dossibie, remove che obstables to the epoedy payment Of these bounties, b’ntil Congress ‘bait act upoo the comm ee's report, 1 ave ne pect of relief for our eoldiors who are waiting for the adaitional bounties pro- wae by Taw. ery reapectfuky, your obedient servant, * HALBERT E. PAINE. A Nev ror Tue Metrorotocwre.—A friend told us on Smurday that he kaow am old farmer in the country who bas bad a standing bet of $10 with a neighbor for the tom thirt: ould rail on the first Sat- urday In Avgast of each your, ae Se tne won twenty-seven aut of the wy MY course, bo VPng 9 A ‘We do not ecient: tions; but if the abor to be CITY POLITICS, eee Prespects of the Fall Campaign—The Makers at Work—The Officers to be Elected. ‘The Candidateé. - The fall election campaign is now exciting considérabie interest among the “slate” making politicians, and the subject of nominations for office is being minutely can- vassed in a manner, it ia apprehended, not relieve the citizens the object to of unnecessary view to- with: moye effectually and imperceptibly secure the pelf, profits and plunder of public office, The efforts of some of the more patriotic eitizens of New York for the past few yéars have met with some success in the Legislature in procuring the passage of acte- Common Council and local. public officers from acting too hastily and withoud proper authority in the appropriation of public momeys, and tbe passage of ordinances which were unneces- sary, expensive and unjust, But the influential poiticians of this city are like rats in a farmer's barn; if you stop up~ their favorite burrows or holes they will gnaw through. restraining tho the boards in a place, PARTY MACHINERY, In a few weeks party political machinery will be ofled: up, hands will be shown, the completed, and the signed, sealed and date," th aivered. “then will folow date,” the ‘people's rvpresentative,” and the “In- dependent candidate,” and-so on, ad parry set, Gietribyting such hon»yed chaff as wil take with the mass of the ‘unwashed vad which, of course, is ci THR OFFI In tho election of next York city will vote for s Secretary of bya troller, State Treasurer, Attorney General, neer, Canal Commissioner, Inspector of State one Judge of the Court of Appeals, a Justice of th the controlling element of CERS TO BE ELECTED. November the of New Com) ‘p> State Engi- Prisoue ww place, and still find a good feeding- “little arrangemente’’ announcements of tho names of the ‘poor man’s candi- “honest “workingman’s friend,” the candi- Supreme Court of the First Judicial district; also five Sonators for the Fourth, Sixth, Seventh end Eighth Senate districts, comprising the county of New York. The county officers to be clected are twenty-one mem- bers of Assembly, a Sheriff, a County Clerk, Justice of the Marine Court, three Supervisors, a District Attorney, one Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, two of the Superior Court. At the charter election in December the vote will be for Mayor, Aldermen and Councilmen. THE CONTESTANTS FOR POWER. The organized political contestants for the power and patronage isthe “big Ingin’’ arrangement, known Tammany Hall democracy—the representative of thi ices the eo ring swindles, corporation frands and everything that partakes of rascality, by which the tax payers have been robbed for the last twenty years; Union, or Miles O'Reilly democracy—« live, and growing orzanization measured lances with Tammany Hall last fall, which, like a tri did no: vanquish its foe, dealt some terrible thrusts occupied the more important positions on the field of contest, The democratic Unionites have not been idle since the occasion referred to, and by a judicious arrangement of its internal Leia g they claim now to hold a balanee of power between al and presont the only rallving point the democratic etic knight, ‘and, eR and oO} ‘ing factiot forall the. die. affected elements against the corrupt influences of* Tammany Hail. mittee is The now what it bas always been, Mozart Hall General Com- set of organized “atrikers,’? ready to blow hot or blow cold with the same breath, so long as it carries out the ends of its jndividaal promoter aud director, In reality its influence is mil. Tho McKeon democracy is of the: same weight asthe Mozart Hall Committee, and boasts of having about as discordent, unharmonious a member- ship as could be. conveniently gathered together, city radical republicans, although well organiza poisons and influence, are with considerable numerically unable SCHISM AMONG TI The regency in Tammany Hi do anything singly. DEMOCRACY. The Ti yer after their experience of last fall, have discovered the real strength of the Miles O'Reilly democracy. and propose to make a “dead sure’ thing in the ensuing elections by uniting the dif- ferent factions and cliques, and giving a fair, equitable pro rata of patronage to their outside supporters. Some of the Tammanyites o} bestowing any patronage ppose rsons or parties who have not been in, Reve's clear consection with, the Wigwam, Gteers vocate a full combination and an i the-public will be field as candidates, of Tammany Hall. ble, sion that the Co: commont ani ‘that of the witches in vble, toil and trouble” to the unfortu: ‘THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. ‘The Constitutional Convention {sa thorn in latter that from the present aspect of affairs the ensuing tions promise to be ‘“worse’’ conducted than ceding ones, and that the conduct of them one, and put It under control of “the cohesive power of public plu advise that, as a matter of tact and good allow the next elections to pass that their present tenure of not amended or circumscribed. Vie and other democratic factions, admit it as a 16 conclu- led with @ scene ‘beth. It will be “Bubble, bub- nates who enter The long heads of the will fon to 22 gz a i : ntion will make short sbift of Judiciary and do away with the elective system, vest ep power in the Governor to appoint judges for hfe, Among the adherents of Tammany Hall the sul being canvassed in regard to candidates, The present incumbent, like all who have tas‘od the sweets of fs patriotically inclined to take anoth tte office, tenure of office; position that he has proved a failure. The! against him a want of decision, too of hia office for wants of Kelly and Fernando prize worth contend deputies, years, t annum. Corporation ring, thinks his chances known among Tammany 8: ceived with favor. also City Judge Ru Dittenhoefer are all hae a large at present they may Fran be broken The German provide that Excise law, hareb provisions, Moasuros aro to be miitees: tral Committes, to be sent forth to Srey coont;, ing for. To obtain this Tous applicants. Among the “' patriota’’ to sacrifice themselves on the altar of public duty In conneetion with this office are: Congressman id a dozen or so Cen ee Fe ex-Supervisor Smith Ety, Jr., of frauds in connect on with thy House; Alderman Shannon, a {aith: and big Judze Connolly. tween pow and election day. iets they, proceed and work on th ery man for himself; they will buy, the slightes compunctions of con~ science or honor in order (o carry themselves ora trusted: friend into pubite office. of the German Anti-F: campaign in the interior of tha 3388 on the- i : 3 8 e & g 1 the ang THE MAYORALTY. The election for the Mayoralty, although somewhat remote, is at ope ‘a theme of considerable discussion, speculation amone the knowin; at 8 pub- er but it is the unanimous opinion of those to whom he is indebted for his present pablic effect, and his t lack of oxpedients to improve the commercial or m the city. urge free ue otal Ex-ComptroWer Brennan, Sher! Wood are also named fa ho are wil the o: e buildil are good or the place, snd wil for the position under any and al! circ COUNTY CURRK. te that of Coun! C. Conn ‘or, Commissioner of The republicans have not as shown their bands in counection with this office, THE JUDICIARY, In the contest for the ‘Supreme Court bench Ji Leonard, the present incumbent, will be hers = a ussel and Judge gers Monell and Barbour will be the democratic candidates for the Superior Court, Jadgo Brady for the Common- Pleas, and Judge Hearne, Judge Birdsall and ex-Jadgey anzious to wear the ermine: DISTRICT ATIONNBY, Lor the office of District Attorney A, Oakey Ball, the Bed‘ord, FUTURR CHANGES, and rearranged a dozen times Politicians are fiekle m Ant cise Agitation, adopted. committes shall be from th Wise with the electors in their respective districts, results of their operations are to be regeres to Tieamures ard also to be tak im tho Uni being done of the new Court momber of the The latter formed, bom/aations to be made uations, whose antere- r vorably in connection with the office, The republicans and the Miles O'Rejily democracy have net named yet, but he is certain not to be any of the above named. Tho O'Reitly men propose to prospect a little while longer in respect to this office, and they will ondeavor if possible to get man of the people, one who stands well with the community and can enter upon hie public duties without any “entangling alliances’’ with City Hall rings or any such unclean institntiona, TRE SHRIRVALTY. The office of Sheriff of the county of New York inn. An important fact in con- nection with it is this: the fees, emoluments and per- quisites of the incumbent in te a larger eum than that of any public States. The Sheriffs priacipal duty is to receive his dues, tho practical business of ol many of whom have beld their office for many it is said that the feos of the Sheriff range all the way along from $35,000 to $100,000 per there are natu nume- ir man ited by who Tho next office in order of importance as well in order of its pecuniary reward Ch acceptably filled by Wm. iticlans as a fat one, cambent something lik the aspirants for the O'Brien, Dougiass Ta: ; Ctrarles G. Leow and Wm. ©. Conner, alt of them of ther Of the: political records of these gen- tlemen the subject will be treated on a future occasion. The Miles O'Reilly democracy have named no eandidate,. . bat the name of John Y. Savage, Deputy Register, is re- $30,000 per annum. Among tion are Alderman James Jorore; yee present incumbent, and Guoning & Jr. Assistant District Attorney, have named: With favor by men of ail parties John Sedgwick has been named by his repubviears friends as an accoptable as and one who ilar vote ow candidates thus. far are meo of ability, fearlon, and With either of them in the position the public interests would flad able champions, Tut riot resumé of the slates as they aro The abaya ee ed by the. local ‘political leederc, Wines, The but be- and At Huebacr’s hotel, in the Bowery, another meeting 9 Coutral Committee was hold yesterday, Coroner Schirmer presided, and from tho: committee appointed to prepare a plan of organizations Tosolutions were submitted which ware cam pa ig: select such candidates by the different political orga nts and privciples justify the hope that they will endeavor to ensure a modileation’ of she and the repeal of all tcumrly the Sunday “for a vigorous, ensure the election of such candidates, For Pose ward meetings are to be called and campaign ted in cach, to confer in person oF