The New York Herald Newspaper, February 1, 1867, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD. d4BHS GORDON BENNETT, FDITOR AND PROPRIETOR @FFIGg N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS, —_— — Volume XXXII TRIPLE ‘SHEET. - Ne. 32 Now York, Friday, February 1, 1867. =e ran waws. EUROPE. By the Atlantic cable we have a news report dated yes- terday, Jancary 31. The news from the Kast is of @ more peaceful char- ecter, France and Russia were engaged in urging on the Porte government the necessity of making conces- sions to the Christians and granting reforma France wpeaks in the mame of the other great Powers, and it ie eaid that @ Christian Governor will be appointed for Candia, Paris rumors say that the Greek mission to ‘eho United States is part of a Russian intrigue, calci- Aatod £0 involve our government in the Easterh question.“ A United States feet is looked for in the Bosphorus. A . manmbor ef trading vessels bave through the Sues Canal’ Engiasd demands the rendition of M Laml.° wande from Franos, It ts sata thatthe Derby” Cabinet | ‘must propose a reform bill to Parliament or en¢anger its tenure of office, John Bright made a speech in Roch- dale, in which he endorsed Napoleon's reform measures, The yachtmen of Rocheile, France, are to present a gold medal to the owner of the vacht Henrietta; and he és to have an audience with the Emperor Napoleon. Consols sold at 90 13-16 for money in London yester-” day. United States five-twenties were at 72% in Lon- don, with @ flat market. Five-twenties declined % in Paria, Tho Liverpool cotton market was flat at the close, with middling uplands at 14%d. Provisions and produce steady, Breadstaffs easier. CONGRESS. In the Senate yesterday a resolution was adopted calling upon the President for copies of any correspon- dence that may have taken place between the Depart. ment of State and foreign Ministers on the subject of the policy of the administration towards the rebellious States. Rosolutions were also adopted inquiring into tho expediency of compensating ioyal citizens of Kast ‘Tennessee for war losses; calling for a report of fhe con- dition of the Indiahs in Dakota Territory at the time of the outbreak in Minnesota, and calling for the opinion of tho Seoretary of the Treasury on the expediency of a stolprocity treaty with the Hawaiian Islands, The reso- fation calling upon tho President for the letter upon wrhich the Secretary of State predicated his letter of (nquiry to Mr. Motley, Minister at Vienna, was called up and elicited considerable discussion; but be- foro a vote was reached upon it the morning hour expired The Yariff bill then came up. Amendments moaking tho duty on woollons of less value than $1 per pound forty-five cents per pound and thirty-five per cent ed valorem ; authorizing any railroad company to import their inn for their road within two years, and putting animals imported exclusively for breeding purposes on the free list, were agreed to, An evening session was Bold, the subject again considered and the bill was peed. la the House the Senate bill supplementary to the act ¢o prevent smuggling was passed. The Consular and Diplomatic Appropriation bill was taken up as the regu- tar order, and the amendments striking out an appropria- tion for the missions to Portugal and Rome were adopted and the bill was passed. A resolution declaring that ‘sho bills depriving the President of the amnesty power, and regulating the elective franchise in the Territories, ‘hed become laws by the failure of the President to take ation upon them, and directing the Secretary of State to inform the House whether said bills had been filed in bus department, was adopted after considerable discns- lon. Mr. Trowbridge, who offered the resolutions as a question of privilece, said that if the bills had not been ied with the Secretary of { ate it would be necessary to favs Congress doctare wi yy took effect as laws. ‘Toe consideration of to transfer the Ind Buraau to the War De ¢ was then taken up, and the DIU was passed by 40 yeas to63 pays, An amend- ment to it, offered by M.. Chanler, extending to the Andiang the samo politica! rights extended to tne negroes, was rejected. The business on the Speaker's table was then disposed of, several Senate bills of minor import- ance being passed, and amendments concurred in. The House then went into Committee of the Whole, and soon a‘ter adjourned. THE LEGISLATURE. ia the Senate yesterday bills to piace all the public parks under the contro! of the Central Park Commis- aionora, and to organize a department of Public Works tm New York were reported upon favorably. The special commission on the best means for transportation of pas- nongerd through New York city made a report, in which ey represent that underground railways offer the only speedy romedy for the wants of the city in sate and cheap transportation, ills were introduced to incer- poraie the Metropolitan Underground Raiiway Company, and te amend an act for the prevention of the rinderpest. A bill was passed granting Charles Orton and his asso. ciates exclusive right for twenty years to lay telegraph cables from this State to France. A select committee was ordered to investigate the management of canal affairs. After some further unimportent business the Sevate adjourned fo the Assembly bills for the further protection of fomaie employés in New York and to amend the General Mailroad law were ordered to s third reading. Bills to amend tho Genoral Manufacturing Jaw; appropriating money te pay the principal and iaterest of the canal G@ebt, and to increase the salaries of the School Commis- @onors wore passed. The Assembly then adjourned. THE CITY. The Board of Councilmen met yesterday altertioon and overruled the action of the President, who appointed the standing committess for the year at a previous meet- tng, by the passage of a resolution empowering the Board to appoint the committees. Resolutions granting ‘9 stand of colors to the First brigade of cavalry; direct- ing the Clerk to furnish stationery and badges for the members, and appointing an Asaisiant Sergeant at Arms were The Board of Health met yesterday afternoon. The Superintendent's report was read aud the petition of the owner of the East Fifteenth street lime kiln, to con- tinue his business in the city until May ist next, was adopted. An interesting discussion concerning the “ so- clal evil’ was bad between the doctors The reports of the Quarantine Commissioners transmitted to the Legisiature, and also of the Health Officer of the Port, ar published in our columns thie morning. The com- missioners urge the necessity of proper facilities for qnarantine in case the cholera should come {again next summer, and the Health Officer suggeste the con- tinuance of the use of Gravesend Bay as an anchorage for hospital ships. The amendments proposed by Sena- tor Lent to the Metropolitan Bealth bill are given in our columns also this morning. The Street Cleaning Commissioners met yesterday and adopted resolutions calling upon contractor Whiting for ® report concerning his employés, and also postponing the monthly payments required for his purposes. ‘The Board of Excise did not meet yesterday afternoon ; ‘but Superintendent Kennedy moved that the President ave the licenses of 121 persons, who bad violated their Hoenses, revoked. Thoir names are given in another columa, There ts no immediate prospect of « reopening of navigation in Long Irland Sound. Shippors of eastward freight are seriously inconvenienced, and thé New Haven Railroad bas been overrun with freight for a day or two, ‘Masses Of ice are still floating in the North and Kast r.vers, bat they offer no obstacle to steamers. Jobn Kame was arrested yesterday, charged with arson ir fire to @ tenement house on Second avenue and irty-firgt glfeab op the 12th of December, by the ny log of which five persons lost their lives, ‘MISCELLANEOUS, ir New Orleans ppectal despatches say !t was reported avane that Lady Basaine and the Archbishop of co had Jeft Vera Croz on the 20th. Ortegs was rected of having an understanding with the imperial- From Matamotos it is stated that the details of oga’s arrest, as furnished by General Anza, are doubt. Ortega’s friends report that on bis arrest the son at Zacatecas Jose and pronounced in his favor, oo immediately sent a messenger to Saltillo, Monte- yand Matamoree toavare his friends of his com: success, Colonel Barrioz, who was charged with Ting (he priegner to Juarez. is gaid to be a strong Rese: _NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1; ‘1867.—TRIPLE SHEET. adherent of Ortega “Juaros had toft Durango, and was moving towards San Lula Oriege and his guard had arrived at the seat of government, where he was re- coived by Juarez as a prisoner of war. Colonel Mejia, of the Hberal army, had arrived at Galveston with despatches from Juarez, which he was conveying to Washington. Tho French wore practising strict neu- trality, taking no sides in skirmishes between the imperialists and liberals. Our special telegrams by the Atlantic cable state that the mail steamer from Rio Janeiro brings the nows that the Emperor of Brazil bas resolved to increase hia armies and carry on the war against Paraguay with re- newed vigor. The French Minister to Brazil had died in the city of Rio Jansire. Our Panama correspondence is dated January 23. The diMeulty between Mr, Barton, the American Minister, and the Colombiaa government was still unsettled. Olarte, the President of Panama, addresses a totter to the Secretary of the Intérior, at Bogota, denying that he had ever attributed the agitation of independence on the Isthmus to the Yankees, A heavy deficit had been found to exist im thé national treasury. The Panama Railroad Company will probably succeed in buying a re- mewal of their charter, when they will begin an exten- sion of their road to the islands, The United States gun- boat Saco had been despatched to Carthagena in the service of the canal surveyors about to begia opera- ‘téons on the Isthmas ef Darien. Owing 40. the Miness of ‘the ehicf, Mr, Davidson, the whole Tsp were to “return to Now York to reorganize, Tho yellow fever ‘hdd! entirely disappeared. Dr. Hina, United States Gon- “Bul at Ban Jous, Coste Rica, died on Che Sth of Janeary. ‘The-Hendares government had contracted forse inter- oceanic railway acrous the couatry. Another attempt at revolution had been made in Nicaragua, bat had been speedily quelled. The passengers for California who had been delayed by tho sailing of the Moses Taylor had mobbed Captain Merry, the agent of the line, for allow- ing the steamer to sail without them, and he very narrowly eacaped boing killed. The Costa Rican Con- grees was to be convened on the 8th to approve the contract with New York capitalists for building an inter- oceanic railway, Our Santiago (Chile) correspondence is dated January 2 Foreign mediation between the allied republics and Spain had been dofinitely rejected, and a vigorous prosd cution of the war had been determined upon. Media- tion on the part of the United States was looked forward to amicably, and it was believed that a proposition for an adjustment from that quarter would be accepted. Tho Chilean goverament had received reliable informa- tion that Spain was making every preparation for war, and would reinforce the naval division at Rio Jansiro. Valparaiso was rapidly becoming impregnable, and the allied fleet was being made ready for an expedition of ‘@ character supposed to be offensive. The finance ques- tion was becoming an embarrasaing one, although specie remained plentiful, and bank notes were as acceptable ‘as gold. The Mendoza revolution had assumed alarm- ing proportions, and the revolutionary army, it was thought, would succeed. 1n that case’ a general uprising would probably take place, aud the war of the triple ‘ailiance against Paraguay would be ingloriously ended. The Lackawanna loft on the 29th of December for the Sandwich Islands, Nothing had been heard from the United States steamer Lancaster, which was reported foundered off Cape Horn. Toe Tuscarora was at Val- paraiso, A lotter from the President of the Central Americae Transit Company contradicts the report that the disease which broke out among the United States troops on tho Nicaragua Transit route was cholera, He writes that it ‘was only the cholera morbus, and originated with the troops, elther from previous sickness or from their own indiscretion. The President farther states that at this dry season of the year an epidemic in Nicaragua is al- ‘most an impossibility, and that the country is in perfect health, » An investigation was made by the authorities of Brownsville, Texas, into the Killing recentiy of two citizens by. a nogro patrol. Lieutenant Faulkner, an efficer of a colored regiment, was charged with aiding and abotting the megroes, and the civil authorities at- tempted to arrest him, bat General Reynolds would act pormit it. Re, q Colonel Montgorséty; who commanded the Missouri State militia at Lexington some time ago, and was ar- reated for violation of the civil rights bill, has been re- leased, the Judge deciding that the law did not apply to white citizens, The captain, five seamen and a Kanaka woman be- longing to the wrecked ‘bark Maora Kea, arrived at Vic- toria, Vancouver's Isiand, on the 26th of January. The vessel wasjwrecked near Koskomo Soand on the 25th of November, while on her way to the Sandwich Islands from Washingtoa Territory, and all the crew were cap- tured by Indians and reduced to slavery. Two of them escaped and arrived at Victoria om the 6th of January, and these hew arrivals are supposed to be the remaiuing portion of the orew. Our Special News from Mexico—Trinmptal Progress of Juares. Since the days of Haroun al Rasohid, the invincible “Commander of the Faithful,” the records of history furnish nothing in the ad- ventures of caliphs, kings or chieftains more remarkable, or abounding more in romantic soenes and incidents, or more touchingly ex- pressing the public feeling, than is recorded in the letter of our special correspondent, pub- lished in yesterday’s Heratp, detailing the triumphal journey of President Juarez from Chibuahua to Durango. Our last preceding letter from the same source, describing the grand ball given by Juares to the beautiful dark-eyed sefioras and seiioritas of Chihuahua, was like a chapter from the “Arabian Nights,” and we can only find in those pleasing Eastern stories anything to compare with tle charnes of romance with which the simple facts of this historical journey are invested. The return of Napoleon the First from Elba was more glittering and imposing, but it lacked the rich oriental warmth and depth of lights and shades of these charming receptions of Juarez by his people on hia return from his exile at El Paso. There was a grand display of Eastern magnificence and emotion in the welcome of Venice, as the bride of the Adriatic, to King Victor Emanuel ; but there is something even more touching than this in the ingenious expedients of display by the poor but happy Mexicans in behalf of Juarez, They expose in the boldest relief the glaring mockery of Maximilian’s usurpation “by the will of the people,” and eannot fail to convince Napoleon the Third that his grand Mexican idea was attempted under a total mis- conception of the Mexican character. ‘The Mexicans of the dominant Spanish race may still be traced in their faces, character, habite, costumes, customs and manners to that splendid race of Saracens, or Moors, which for seven hundred years illuminated southern Spain and held it against all comers. The ruins of the Albambra and Alcazar still attest the civilization and refinement of that people, and in their long contact, even én their wars, with the Gothic or Northern Spaniards, the two raees were so assimilated that it is easy to explain the revival in Mexico now of pageants and festivals which carry us back to their sources in Asia and the Arabian Nights. Here, too, we have an explanation of the oriental enthusiasm of these welcomes to Juarez from point to point. He left Chituahue amid the tears, embraces and prayers of the whole Population, turning out to bid him Godspeed. He travelled with only a small escort, and at hacienda, village and city he was received as ® deliverer.. At San Pablo, where the citi- wens, from the ravages of war, had neither flowers nor evergreens, the women made tri- umphal arches of their shawle and mantillas. And 60, from point to point, weloomed by a universal meeting of the popifiation, he pur- suod bis journey, from day today « continuous jubilee, until he reached the fine city of Du- rango. Here the liboral army under General Aranda was drawn up in the suburbs andj saluted the President as he passed. Fire- works, musketry and artillery thundered their welcome ; the streets were crowded, the win- dows were filled with ewimming black eyes, the housetops were covered with boys and girls—even the top of the cathedral was lined with them—to see the government of the re- public pass, Flags, shawls, handkerchiefs and everything that would make a show was brought out, and Durango was all eyes to see the President, From these manifestations we can undet- stand the prevailing sentiment of the Mexican people. Juares is welcomed as their deliverer because he comes as the visible embodiment of the republic. They hail him as the herald proclaiming the departure of the toreign usurper; they embrace him as the restorer of Mexico to the Mexicans. They know by his coming that their country is again their own, and that the days of the foreigner as their mas- ter are numbered. And as it has been from Chibuehus to Durango so we doubt not will ‘be the progress of Juares from Durango to Mexics. ‘His army increases as he advances; ‘the whole people riso .st-bis sppreach to -strengthoa”him. “Thus it ig altogether probs- dle :that by the time: be shall come within atriking distance of Miramen and his army of the ultra Church party Miramon will be com- pelled to fall back, and perhaps without a bat- tle constrained to make such terms of peace with the republic as Juarez may choose to grant him. The withdrawal of the French army, in fact, fis the end of the empire and its appendages, and with anything like ordinary sagacity we infer Juarez may readily absorb all the rival liberal chiefs and factions in his cause, as the first champion of the republic, recognized, too, by the Mexican masses and by the United States as the rightful head of the legitimate government of the Mexican nation. We saw something of the prevailing senti- ment of the people in regard to President Johnson’s policy of restoration on the occasion of his “progross’’—the pilgrim’s progrese— from Washington to Chicago last September; but in this Mexican journey of Juarez 60 enthu- silastic and universal are the welcomes accorded him touching his plan of restoration that wo begin to think it would be wise for Maximilian, Miramon, Marquez and company to leave with the French army. Lastly, we would invite the special attention of Mr. Seward to the pleasing information embodied in this Durango letter of our correspondent accompanying President Juarez; and likewise the attention of Minister Campbell and General Sherman, who had their wild goose chase to Vera Craz for nothing, If they had only put themselves under the wing of the Hsaratp commissioner he could havo taken them at once to the headquarters of the republic, andthus they might have shared with’ him and General Wallace in all the honors, festivals, delights and beanties of these won- derful ‘of Juarez by the Mexican peo- ‘ple, rejoicing in their liberation from a foreign yoke. Surely such a people; so faithful to the’, sonune of .liberty, 90. full of the instincts of generosity, and so emiable and charming in their hospitalities, need only a little assistance and encouragement to become a united, peace- ful and prosperous nation. ‘The Secial Evil—Ite Cause and Remeds. Many well-meaning people among ws are constantly at work devising means wheroby much misery and the sins resulting therefrom may be cured. The Legislature of the State has under consideration a bill intended to pro- vide a remedy for what is called the great so- cial evil, and pious persons go about the sireets at night distributing traote and good advice and offering more substantial assistance, in the hope ef rescuing some of the vietims of poverty from the end they must too surely reach. Such good acts are worthy of all praise, but it is like curing a malignant malady by simply telling the patient he ought not to be ill. The causes of our eocial évil,and they are many, ure not touched. To provide a comfortable home is « good and sufficient remedy for those who need one; but no legislature nor association of be- nevolent persons, be they ever #0 well dis- posed, can provide homes for more thaa a small fraction ef the class which they design to benefit. Healthy tenement houses are much to be desired, bat they contain ao cure tor the evil complained of. The true cause of this thing is poverty, which in its turn has many causes, Everything we consame is at present enormously dear, We appeal to every housekeeper to bear us out in the statement that house rent, food and clothing have tripled in price since the year 1860. Wages have not kept pace with this fearful advance in the price of all the neces- saries of life. In some instances there bas been no increase whatever. How much must the poor sewing girl pay for a bare soom now, in compariaon with what she paid a few years since? And then, let us ask, how much have her wages increased? Every trade in New York and thronghout the country protects it- self by associations and by periodical strikes for higher wages. Who ever heard of sewing girls on aw strike? It is the only business which cannot protect itself, and yet none need it more. The poor girls cannot afford to strike; they cannot afford enough from their wretched earnings to create @ fund for mutual assistance, as the members of every other trade can. To stop work with them is to starve; to fall ill is to lose work, food and home; to lose health is to die. Many who turn away their eyes from their “erring sisters,” as they are hypocritically termed, little think of the causes which drive them out into the streets in the snow and biting blasts of winter to get something at any sacrifice where- with to sustain dear life. Now, let the wise and benevolent of the nation apply themselves to the removel of the true cause of this poverty, and not remain satia- fied with efforts at alleviation, that count but as a cupful of water taken from the Hudson, ‘The true canse is the financial condition of the country, by which the high price of everything is kept up. Lot them contrive to bring about a return to specie currency, thus enabling the producer, the manafacturer and the retailer to reduce the prices on their goods. It is not three days since the proprictors of = certain Class of houses in this city held a meeting with 8 view to devising measures “to protect their interests.” The mecting was noticed in some of the daily papers. The very best plan such persons could devise would be to work for # farther advance in gold and the maintenance of present high rates for house rents, clothing and food, and low rates of wages to sewing girls While those causes exist the business ther met to “protect” will sutely prosper, in spite of all the preachers,’ missionaries, tract and Bible societies in Christendom; in spite of the Legislature, with their !mproved tenement houses, and in spite of fands of millions of dollars for the building of “homes for the friendlesa,” nN Removal of the Midnight Judges. In 1800 the leaders of the federalist party, even after having won over their opponents at the ballot box a victory which enabled them to retain possession of every branch of the government, felt, nevertheless, the need of what they styled “anew engine of govern- ment” But their theories differed as to what this should be, Ames believed in a standing army, that old-fashioned “engine of govern- ment,” for putting down opposition. Hamilton, at least, objected to any present reduction of the regular army. Wolcott, however, had said “it is impossible in this country to render en army an engine of government,” and be relied, therefore, upon avery degided extension of proportions which: its tremers hed. originally planned for enofigh remained te make Tt, in their own words, “an engine of government” and “a source of salutary patronage.” Moderate republicans, indeed, concurred with federalis's in recognizing the principle and the necessity of a reorganization of the judiciary. But the controlling motive of the federalist leaders, as avowed in their private correspondence, was obvious, Theirs was a purely party design. Totally defeated as they had at length been before the people, they “employed the last moments of their power in establishing a par- tisan “engine of government” which was out of the reach of elective remedies and which would enable them through the lives of one set of judges, at least, to embarrass, retard and often defeat, not merely special measures of the other and elective branches of the government, but the whole system of constitutional exposition which the American people had, as an inde- pendent and self-governing nation, delibe- rately adopted. The act “for the more cen- venient organization of the courts of the United States” became a law on the L3thof February, 1801. President Adams seized the opportunity of nominating the new judges, selecting fede- ralists, of course, although be knew that within a few days his own term of office would expire and that his successor would be a republican. He had hardly time to consider aad decide upon the claims of the partisané with whom he had determined - to-fill the offices. His lagt nominations of judges wera sent into the Senate aa late as nine o'clock at night on the 3d of March, and with the assent of the Senate, which did vot adjoura until a muoh later hour, the commissions were made out and signed. | The beach thus acquired the popular designa- |: dion of “John Adama’ midnight judges.” A..tremendous . clamor. was immediately. raised., The Judiciary act, and especially the “appolntments made under ft, were held ‘up’ to am as unworthy manceuvres, “hav- object except. to plunder the bas ) Troasury for the benefit of the federal leaders, soudted by the public voice from the control of ‘the other departments of the government.” Several of the State Legisiatures instructed their Senators and Representatives in Congress to urge the immediate repeal of the act. Mr. Jefferson had early opposed what he stigma- tized as “a fraudulent use of the constitution” by which the federalists “have multiplied use- leas judges merely to strengthen their phalanx.” He wrote, “they have retired into the judiciary asa stronghold. There the remains of federalism are to be preserved and fed from the Treasury, and from that battery all the works of repub- licanism are to be beaten down and erased.” On becoming President he called spefial atten- tion ia his inaugural to the judiciary system, “and especially that portion of it recently The question of repealing the Ju- erected.” diciary, act soon came up in Congress. A motion by the Hon. John Breckinridge, of Kentucky, in the Senate, on the 6th of January, 1802, was the signal for an earnest and protracted debate, one of the first and fiercest party struggles in Congress under President Jefferson’s administration. The bill finally passed the Senate, sixteen to Gfteen, and the House fifty-nine to thirty-two. In the House oa this occasion the Hon. William B, Giles, of Virginia, made a° memorable onslaught upon the whole judiciary system, the jate administration. The republicans in both Senate and House listened to no arguments urged by their opponents, not even to the plausibie one “that whether the act itself was and upon the entire policy of good or bad, as the new judges had been ap- pointed for life, that appointment amounted in snbsiance to a contract on the part of the public, which, consistently eith the spirit of the constitution, could not be set aside.” They persisted in spurning the idea that a party trick inteaded to contravene the deliberately ex- pressed will of the people “could be covered up by aay forms which rendered it inviolable; that a constitution could be overtbrown under the pretence of guarding the letter of its invi- olability.” And they passed the bill, baffling the “party trick” and repealingsthe Judiciary act. m . Jefferson himself, even in objecting to that act us “a fraudulent use of the constitution,” had alluded te the latter as having “made judges irremovable,” and he seems to have been very doubtful, at least previous to the meeting of Congress, “whether the jadges had not a freehold in their offices of which they could sot be constitutionally deprived.” At first he lamented the passage of the bill repeal- ing the Judiciary act, from the “difficulty of undoing what was done,” where appointments, “in the nature of freehold,” had been con- ferred. But he “joined with the republicans generally in the ultimate conclusion that the ‘difficulty’ was not made insuperable by the constitution ; and that, as much as mere ap- parent encroachments on veated rights are to be avolded, and especially as mueh as all respectable men should shun making judicial entab! te the creatures of partisan legis- lation, mill the repeal of this peculiarly obaox- ious act was imperatively called for by the Most important publie interests.” Bowing,. therefore, te the will of the sovereign people, a declared by their representatives ia Con- gress, the President did not hesitate to sign the bill,and “John Adame’ midnight judges” were ranoved. 4 subject of discussion among the people, and, |] naturally enongh, Sinds a. placé Ya the editorial warmly Tranny mista pegs i nen caret Although hora of the <n ER a. marks, in commenting upon the bill on which the removal of these judges depended :—“The idea that e judicial tenure is so inviolable that, if once created, it arrests the power of an inde- Pendent nation to in anywise alter or amend (unless by addition) one of the great depart- ments of its civil organization, belongs to the legal superstitions of a past age—though con- siderate men will ever approach changes involving the violation ef such tenures with a cantion and dread which no partisan motives, nothing short of permanent and paramount considerations of public expediency,” can pos sibly overcome.” But where such “perma- nent and paramount considerations” exist they must prevail over all “legal superstitions of a past age,” and the removal of the midnight judges must stand for a precedent. ‘Tho Impeachment Question im the South, The question of the impeachment of Presi- dent Johnson is creating.s.good-deal of inter- est in the Southern States, Ithas become the -oolumns of the ‘Thereis evidently ‘a diveraity'of ‘epinion as 4o:the result of the | impoacamost agitation in Congress. Some be- Heve that it is wholly impracticable; others incline to the opinion that the hostility of Congress to the Executive will be carried out to the bitter end. Looking over our South- ern exchanges we get at this variety of opinion end are, in a measure, able to make a fair de- duction therefrom. For example, we read from the columns of a Mississippi paper, pub- lished in Jackson, that “it is surprising with what mock dignity the conspirators at Wash- ington are playing their little game of ‘bluff.’ As we have heretofore stated, we have no fears of 4mpeachment’ or ‘Territorial governments.’ The black republican extremists are all cowards, and they fear the storm that would inevitably follow such proceedings. If an im- peachment were ordered it would not be merely the trial of Andrew Johnson, but also the arraignment of a party which represents a very great and exceedingly active minority (a large majority, counting the Southern in) of the American people.” Ina Mobile journal we find expressed such opinions as these:—“The indications are that the radicals will not stop short of the long threatened impeachment, and this is the more ominous of mischief from the understanding prevailing among the leading men of that party, that the impeachment was not to be pressed unless there was a probability, amount- ing almost to o certainty, of its being success- ful. Tho leading radical papers have hereto- fore been opposed’ to: it, especially the New York Times; but in its late issues we observe ‘» shakiness in the attitude-of that fluctuating, vacillating organ, which indicates that it is ‘probably preparing to change: its ground and give way to the preqsure of party opinion.” Turning-to the Richmond Whig, treating on the’ same question—our political situation—we read suoh language as this :—“Our own sad conviction is that civil liberty is at an ond, perhaps forever, op-this continent. It had here the fairest field it ever had or ever can have, unless some new world be again discovered. Lasting only eighty years, it has utterly and wholly failed. The extent “OF our hopes ts that in the ‘conflicts to arise for an imperial dynasty the wars may be cénifined to the nar- rowest possible limits and the shortest time, and the blood that is shed be that only of the most guilty.” , These extracts are probably sufficient to show the bent of the public mind in the South upon the subject of impeachment. It is evi- dently all at sea and does net comprehend the fact which stands.out plain aud square on the record that, whether expedient or not, the im- peachmeat of the President is constitutional, and that the responsibility of the policy of the Movement rests with the Congress which in- @ugurates jit, and which either the present or the new body of representatives has the power to carry through. In the letter of one of our correspondents who has travelled through the South lately, end published yesterday in our news columns, we fall upon the views expressed in Memphis, Tennessee, by a persistently loyal Mississippi gentleman, to the effect that no serious convulsion was anticipated in the Southern States from the impeachment of the President ; certainly no convulsion in which the South would participate ; that the South wants peace more than anything else; that it has no faith in the party that (aleified ile pro- mises of co-operation and assistance made be- fore the war, and that, moreover, the South bad no strong feeling of personal attachment to Mr. Johnson, whose course on the question of reconstruction they do not believe bas bene- fited their prospects, Probably the opinions of the Southern people upon the impeachment question may be founded on the facts com- pressed into this Mississippi gentleman’s nut- shell, that the Southern States do not recognize their best friend in Andrew Johnson in the matier of their speedy restofition to pros- perity. New Railroad Job—Another Fifth Avenue Ansossment. Among the bills introduced in the Legisla- ture is, we see, one for the laying down of a railroad track {n the Fifth avenue. The pur- pose of this cannot be mistaken. Ii is simpiy another attempt at plunder like that of-the plan for widening the causeway in the same street. The people of New York will never consent to such # measure. The sentiment that defeated various similar schemes for the destruction of Broadway would find in regard to it atill louder and more indignant ex- pression. The Fifth avenue is one of the local features of which onr citizens are most proud, aud as the main entrance to the Park it is essential that it should be kept undefaced and free from unnecessary obstructions, The pro- moters of the scheme know this and also know how hopeless it would be to attempt to vanquish the opposition that would be made to its passage. But they have no serious idea of pushing ft to this point. The proposition is a mere threat for the extortion of money. The succes: of the “stoop” scheme has eur boldened the “strikers” to. make this fresh attempt on the purses of the residents of the avenue, There are people.so timid and indo- lent that they are ready at the first threat of anything hostile to their interests to enter into & compromise or bay off their peraecutors. We hope that in the present case nothing of the kind will be attempted. The scheme is so -wmmistakably one of wholesale plunder that there will be no difficulty in getting our citl, Randall, the biographer of Jofervon, te | ens to¥oin in denouncing and dofeqting it, ~ eee errr —— A *eleon and theBourbens—Coant de Cham- berd’s Manifeste. The , °ziled Bourbon family were from rst to last * Source of great disquietude to the First Napo. Yeon. The severe and arbitrary, measures whie.” b¢ adopted against them, in- cluding the col ‘-blooded murder of the Duc @Enghien, never e.“*irely relieved him of his terrors. His success. *%4 namesake has hitherto been more for. U28te. From causes which it would not be dity'°ult to explain the Bourbon family, during th“It last term of exile, have more suba‘ttted to their fate. Evidence, however, has not. been want- ing to show that they have og all hope of a return to power, and silence and apparent contentment they ae been but patiently “ biding their time.” Had such evidence been wanting it would certainly have been supplied by the letter which we printed yesterday from the pen of the Count de Chambord. The Count de Chambord, it is well known, is the head and representative of the legitimist or elder branch of the Bourbon family, as the ‘Count de Paris is of the younger Or Orleans branch, The name snd position of the sunt entitle bis letter to consideration. Geteasibly addressed to © friond, it is difficult to regard in’ any other light than that of a political manifesto intended for the publie eye. The Count has evidently boom making observations on the political heavens and endeavoring, to the extent of his ability, to make himself master of the signs of the times. Alarmed because of existing evils, and convinced that greater, though not “irrepar- able” evils are impending—evils all of which are traceable to the mode in which the affairs of France are at present managed, and to be removed only by the restoration of s heredi- tary monarchy in his family and person—the Count, many will think by this manifesto, makes a bid for power. His letter is certain to excite interest in the courts and cabinets of Europe ; nor, we may rest assured, will it fail to call forth the strictures of the press. Ofthe — letter itself it is impossible to speak in terms of approbation. It is totally destitute of any- thing that might indicate superior ability. It is at best but a miserable wail over a dead and irretrievable past. The miserics and grievances which the Count deplores exist chiefly in bis own imagination. The recent wars in Germany and Italy have, in the Count’s estimation, been disastrous— disastrous especially to France. “No country,” he says, “has felt more keenly than ours the painful rebound of al! those sudden blows.” In the unification of Italy and the approach towards unification made by Germany the Count sees. only cause for sorrow. “Two extensive States, one of which has command of an incontestable military force, have been formed at our doors;” and “the preponderating influence of France has been profoundly shaken.” The affairs of the Holy See are not forgotten by the Count. His “thoughts revert with ‘melancholy te Rome.” It is not merely the temporal author ity of the Pope thet is in danger. It is re- ligion itself. The spirit that seeks to overthrow the tempora) power, will, if unchecked, socom “ demand logically that the idea of God shall be made to disappear from our laws and tribunals.” The future of the Holy Father is painted by the Count in colors gloomy eneughk’*”” He has no choice but to “leave Rome and wander without place of refuge, having nowhere to lay his head.” We mention for the Counts special benefit that we Know of at least ome home where the Holy Father will find a hearty welcome. This unhappy state of things of Rome would not have been, but for the “ident that now prevail in the government of France.” The Mexican failure of course is duly alluded to and traced to the same cause. Count de Chambord closes his letter by sketching the kind of government which be wishes to see established in France and as suring his friend that if Providence should one day call on him to serve her he is to reat assured he will save her or perish. We do not say that in the coming complications of Europe ® Bourbon may not yet be called to preside over the destinies of France. But we do say that if Count de Chambord be the Bourbon so honored it will not surprise the world it he share the fate of the last ruler of his house ‘True to the instincts of his race he refuses te be tanght by the léssons of adversity. Napo- Jeon has not much to fear from such a rival, nor has France cause to regret the absence from her throne and from her tertitory of the thief of the ancient line of her princes. Tle Park—Anunal Report of the Couumte- sloners. Tre annual report of the Park Commission- ers, 4 brief synopsis of which we publish to- day, ‘ontains much interesting matter. The operatons at the Park during the past year have nit been extensive, but much has never- theless been done to increase its attractions and enhmece its beauty. There are some atrik- ing facts et forth in the present report which tend to slow the great public benefit of such an undertaling. The total cost of the Park ap to this time, ncluding the cost of land and im- provements, has been ten million dollars, while the inchased valuation of property im the three surromding wards, consequent upon the constructionof the Park, is nearly fifty- four inillions. Te increased tax secured by this important rie in the value of adjacent property is uearly louble the amount required © to pay the interes on the grons cost of the Park aad its improvments. The moral effect of such a grand and yell condacted centre fos recreation is fllusirasd by the fact that the arrests made in the Prk during the past year for disorderly vonduc;only averaged one in every seventy-five thnsand visitors. The police force in the Pak is, at the same time, strong and efficient, ani no offences can well be committed within itsprecincts with impu- nity. From the many itprovements now in course of perfection it it certain that before many years have passed th Park will have no equal in any Buropean city Tas Wennawren Feary..The Grand Jury of Hudson county, New Jersy, have presented the Weehawken ferry as a pubic nuisance, The abuses allowed on the boatsor boat, of this company have long been jatter of com plaint on the part of all respttable persons who are compelled to use he line. The legislative committee having ) cherge the subject’ of the New York fortes will do well to look after this Weehawbe company j and fo take auch action as the ote may ever, to demand