The New York Herald Newspaper, July 8, 1866, Page 2

2 FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Saturpay, July T—6 P. M. The excessive heat has contributed with other causes Wo curtail the operations of Wal! street to-day, and after the close of the first sessions of the regular and open boards very little was doing, either in the street or across the counter, The animation which for some days past has prevailed in government securities continues to in- crease, and there appears to be as much’ activity in the foreign as in the domestic demand, the former being confined to the old five-twenties, and the latter ranging through the entire government list—comprising the sixes of 1881, the new five-twenty bonds and the seven-thirty notes, whose chief attraction seems at present to be that on maturity they are exehangeable for gold bearing six per cent bonds. We find a significant illustration of this movement in the fact that during the last week sixes of 1881 have risen 2% per cent, five-twenties of 1862 13¢ per cent, and ten-forties 1 per cent, The seven-thirties, though leas in demand, have advanced from 3 to 3 per cont since last Monday. Tho range of the gold market durmg the week has beon from 152% to 155%, as is shown in the subjoined comparative statement :— Highest, Lowest, Monday 4 15335 Tuosday 1153 162% Wednesday No business transacted. Thursday . 115375 1525 Friday 11544 15435 Saturday “154 15335 In consequence of the diminishing business of the gold room, of the large payments from the Sub-Treasury on account of interest, and of the greater difficulty expe- wenced by the speculative holders of coin in raising money, thore has been a very marked decline during the last two days in the rates of interest on borrowed gold, and to-day as much as 6 per cent has been paid to have gola carriod. ‘This afternoon the rates for ordinary transactions varied from no interest to 4 per cent, At the ten o’clock open stock board this morning very little was done, except in Erio, of which 4,600 shares sold at about the lowest quotations of last evening. Reading, Rock Island and Northwestern were very ac- tive im the street, at a slight advance. At the reg- ular board there was a very spirited demand for government securities, the sixes of 1865 and the ten-forties being the prominent favorites. Of the former $300,000 were frocly taken at 104%, and there was an almost immediate advance to 105, which was the price paid over the counter by the government houses, In the miscellanoous shares very little was doing at the board. State stocks are still animated. Tennessses were done at 91, North Carolinas at 85, Georgia at 110 and Virginia at 66. The railroad list was st ady, with less excitement. Erie declined %, and tvere was more disposition to put out sellers’ options. Reading declined 4, New York Central %, Michigan Southern %, Rock Island 34, Northwestern %, North- western preferrod . Fort Wayne was firm. Illinois Central and Toledo advanced 44. After the board there was no disposition to do business, and at the one o'clock open board there was a general improve- ment in the tone of the market. Eric advanced % on large sales, Northwestern preferred was also in demand, and 3,400 shares were sold at 60% a 6114. Rock Island was strong, and rose to 95% a 95%. Pittsburg was. steady at the morning's quotations, Ohio and Missis- sippi advanced to 27%. Quicksilver was rather more active, atan improvement of %, while Western Union Telograph fell off 3 per cent Mining and Petroleum shares continue flat, and quotations are nominal. At the morning board Bennehoff Run Oil closed 30c. higher than at the samo time yesterday, sclling at $380; Dow- nievilte Gold Sc., sclling at 58c. Shade River sold at 45c., New York and Alleghany $4 30, American Flag $2, Gun- nell Gold $1 14, Union $3, Keystone Silver 20c. As is customary on Saturdays no second session was held by any of the stock boards, and with the thermo- meter at 100 in the shade it is’ hardly necessary to say that almost nothing was done in the street. In the fower hall of the Stock Exchange tho following were the latest quotations, the market closing strong :—New York Contral 993, Erie 6934, Hudson River 112, Reading 107, Michigan Southern 80, Illinois Central scrip 121%, Clevo- land and Pittsburg 83%, Cleveland and Toledo 109%, Rock Island 95%, Northwestem 3133, Northwestorn pre- ferrod 6134, Fort Wayne 9735, Canton 6534, Cumberland 4%, Quicksilver 4834. The gold market has been without excitement. The prices during the day were as follows:— Price. Ti . 154% + 154% « 145 . 158% . » 153% Tho shipment of specie to-day amounts only to $944,250, of which the steamship Bavaria takes out $867,250, the steamship City of Boston $64,000, and the steamship Aragon $13,000. The export statement during each of the last ten Foreign exchange closed quiet but firm at the subjoined rates:—Bankers’ bills, 60 days, 108 a 108%; bankers’ bills, $ days, 110 6 11036; commercial bills, 107 a 107% ; francs, long date, 6.10 a 5.1234; francs, short date, 6.73, 06.10, ‘The money market is inactive at 4a 6 pe? cent, and it 6 105% 100 Pacific M 85 Co.. peat f 4 NY Contral RR.. 09% 10000 104% 300 11000 105300 5000 8 8 20 10000 98% 100 TO% 8000 108% 300 Erie 68 1000 103% 1200 67% 10600 108% 600 67 = 103% +300 : 6 200 65 1000 no = «100 61% 10000 85 = «600 01% 1000 aK 8 250 3000 ae 122 11000 7% 8 §©6200 83% 50000 37% 400 . 8356 20000 27% 100 ya 5000 91 = 200 31K 2000 100 400 ah ‘7000 805, 518 61 4000 98 = 600 61K 8000 1% 200 61K 1000 9 © 600 4 1000 96 = 100 % 1000 9 200 3000 2 400 « 106 40 96 Fourth NatBank 100 60 «. 95% 10 Central NatBank 107 200 Tol, Wab&WRR 37% 10 Canton Company. 55% 200 do... . 81% 150 Penn Coal « 200 do. a8 181 100 do.. BN 100 Pitta FtW&CRR. 97: do. . OTe do. . OTe 100 AltaTerHauteRR 32 200 Mar & « Cin Lpref. 46 100 Chi, Bure QP nk 1% Income Returns. The following are the names of citizens of Hartford, Conn., who the I dilyn, T. M.. tax on $20,000 or more of income for , Pliny, 2d. Jewell, Marshall, . Jewell, Pliny. Kollogg, &. W Pork A h, Th rton, Mary News from Aspy Bay. Asry Bat, July 6, 186% A packet will leave for Newfoundland on Monday ovoning next, and will continue to ran oa alternate days until acable betweon Nowfoundiand and the mainland 4s oatabl inhod. wTTTaT__——<«“*«o Se EUROPE. An English View of the Situation in Germany and Italy. The Free City of Bremen as an Abut- ment of the Arch of War. NEUTRALITY OF SWITZERLAND. POPULAR MURMURS IN FRANCE. Napoleon's Press Warnings and the Military Conscription System Objected to. The Cabinet and Money Crises in England. What England Thinks of the Last Fe- nian Invasion of Canada. &c. &ec. &e. THE WAR. British Review of the Situation mny da Ital THE MANIFESTOES OF THE KING OF PRUSSIA AND VICTOR EMANUEL. {From the London Times, June 23.) The step bet Prussia and the King of Italy have both put forth their appeal in vindication of the justice of theircauso in the pending struggle. King William I. informs his people and the world tl there is between Prussia and Austria a deadly quarrel for sv in j, a8 both the latter Power and the Stator ‘which side with it are bent on the humiliation—nay the aunihi- lation of Prussia, Prussia is fighting for existence, but, “ghould.the Almighty bless her arms,” she hopes to be ugh to ‘reunite more prosperously in another @ tie whieh held the German lands ther: io name thanfact.”’ The last word is thus said on }Bides, and we know now what we have long surmised, the two great German Powers are commit- ted to a ruthless war, the aim of which is on the part of Prussia the expulsion of Austria from Germany, on the of Austria the disruption and dismemberment of the ssian monarchy. The diapute dates as far back as the days of the great Frederick, for it was he, or the Great Elector, who established that dualism which set the North of the empire in antagonism with the South—an autagonism which could only end either in the perpetual division of Germany into two States, or in the absorption of one into the other. What the seven years’ war sowed the campaign of 1806 is to reap. Europe might well have striven to put off the solution of the great German question, but it could not eventually avert it; and those who most earnestly deprecated the outbreak of hostili- ties ought now with equal zeal to pray that the sword may not be sheathed till the quarrel is finally settled and the aged of future complications permanently re- moved. The manifesto of King Victor Emanuel to the Italian people followed close upon his declaration of hostilities against Austria. He is the “enemy arrayed on the Southern frontier,” who ad not been mentioned by name in the Emperor Francis Joseph's proclamation of the 17th, but only scornfully alluded to as the Power which ‘deems no pretext ne ‘essary to justify its lust for the plunder of a portion of the Austrian monarchy,” and ‘in avhose eyes a favorable opportunity is suff. cient cause for war.”’ The King of Italy, rising in reply, pleads Ad to the charge, and re-echoes the his mighty antagonist, “He bas been,” very words he acknowledges, ‘for the last seven years awaiting 3 by the favorable goprtuntiy to accomplish the inde Vene’ia,”’ and this has mn afford complications which are now threatoning a «total change in the destinies of Germany. in the estimation of the King of Iwly and bis subjects thore has really never ben anything like peace between that eountry and Austria, Seven years ago, when this same King. Victor Emanuel declared beforo Parliamont that the Pied- montese ‘‘would no longer bedcaf to the complaints of their brothren,”’ bis government devoted itself to the liberation of Italy, or in other words to the expulsion of Austria from the Lombardo-Venotian kingdom ‘‘as far as the Adriatic.” That at and glorious enterprise,’’ though partly successful, was left incomplete, as the King informs us, owing to “supreme reasons,’’ ‘But the state of things which was brought about by the treaties of Villafranca and Zurich was anything but peace. Between the two rival Powers bordering on the Po and Minclo there never were either official or informal relations, no mutual recognition, no extradition of de- sorters, no interchange of even the commonest interna- tional civilities; unavoidable mossages wore, 80 to speak, conveyed on either side at the point of the bayonet. The position of the Italian kingdom, with an open fron- tier, with the most formidable strongholds in the heart of the country and in an enemy's bands, was precarious in the extreme. Although the possession of Lombardy was secured to Victor Emanuat by the guarantee of France, the same could not be said of the centro and south of the insula, See 4 the attitude of Austria, as the ally of the expelled dukes and of the Pope, was a herr menace, The treaties consequént on the battle Solferino were such, in fact, as to allow neither of the interested parties to acquiesce in them asa permanent arrangement. The game has ‘not been aay ares out, and “a revenge’’ was looked forward to with loi on either side. Morcover, the ontery of the op brethren, which could be heard eamly across the Ticino in 1848 and 1859, was not tobe io a under. taken 4 no empire beyond the red Austria and her and since the 8 measures of most ag ag to Ttaly. or the i Ad bat jncom| tablished tad, whether it jose that we shoul to Italy, and the petual barrier irreconcilable races, We should rejoice, not for the sake of Italy alone, but of Austria also, and of Europe, to which we think, with Victor Emanue!, that ‘Italy independent secure in her territory would become a guarantee for peace and King Victor Emanuel, while exhorting his peop!e to “on their own strength and the sacredness of tbeir it,’ saye nothing of the co-operation of the great Power im the North of ny; but the Florence papers, it dwell on the identity of their cause with that and insist that ‘the reconstructron of the and German mationalitics requires either that the Austrian monarch should My) ip expelled from rinciple if ‘nationattion watch, they fies whi U preeent, thowld be ea, Tt ts to be hoped that the King of Italy and his official advisers do not bind themselves to these sweeping theories, Germany ie not Italy. She it no friend to Italy; and fifteen years bave hardy elapsed since the most Hberal Prussian mem- bers of the Frankfort National Assembly contended that the ural frontier of Germany was on the Adige and ‘and rejected the suit of the deputies from Ro- verdo and Trento, who pleaded their Italien nationality, — cong © be excused from sitting in» German Par- jament. POSITION OF THE ARMIBS AFTER THB OCCUPATION OF DRESDEN —¥' MINOR ATATRS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE RAPID ACTION OF PRUSATA, {From the London Times, June There is no farther military news of Germany. From Cracow to the Rhine the for the great struggle continue night and day, but the armics have wot yr! met, The complete occupation Saxony by the Prussians i« confirmed, Wheo one remember® the stand which small armies and pop ala tions have so often made in defence of their Indepen- dence, the fall of the monarchy of Dresdem without & blow dors not give a high notion of Saxom pa triotiem. The prople, nearly cro mithone and a half in number, newr stirred. The army is now in per: fect condition and discipline at Toplitz, im Austrian territory, having no doubt traversed the pasaet in admirable military order. It t= satisfactory to learn by telegraph that its epirit te excellent. The Progsians are doing what the Saxons might have They are fortifying Dresden and otber important peints, so as to be able to hold the country by a compara’ \ely email force if hard pressed, Further weetward the teat = likely to be more serious, Tho South Germans are ad- yancing in considerable force, aod hold the line of the Main, The Bavarians are at Baireuth and Mamberg; their right commanjentes with the Austrians, aad thet Joft with the feder@ army at Frankfort, commanded by Prince Alexander of Hasse, This army ts #ixty thou 3 tance from NEW YORK HERALD, SENDAY, JULY 8, 1866, sand strong, and will, of course, be daily reinforced. At the other extremity of the line of operations we find the Prastians acivally crosring the Austrian at Oderborg, at the southeastern point of Silesia, It is diffeult to believe that this is a serious in- vasion of an enemy's » The Prussians are hardly likely to carry on a campaign at such a distance from their resources, to extend their line so that the left wing of their army under the Crown Prince might be ir- bly separated from the main armv, and perhaps be taken in reverse by the Aus'rians forcing their way into Silesia, If the Austrians assume the offensive, their maio army will probably cross the frontier inthe neigh- borhood of Birnstadt with the intention .of obtaining an sasivelons for the loss of Saxony by the occupation of Breslau, The centre of the Austrian army is said to be about sepepbeadl, and it is in this district that, asfar as our lm ited knowledge of the position of the belligerents allay to conjecture, one or more great b fought, ‘of the Austrian generals, the valor of their vn the determination of their government give ~on to suppose that a great and obstinate con- han ee it i pam apeied by ee Snares hat testa has great advantages, an‘ that these have been afforded her it the imprudence of the Austrian government itself. The fact is that Austria and the States in alliance with her were sur- prised by the decisive and rapid action of Prussia. They thought they could take their own time to begin, and that the military operations would follow the political demonstrations at the good pleasure of Vienna. Filled with this vain confidence, Austria pushed on the vote of the Diet before Field Marshal Benedek was ready to act, and while the minog States, who were w to break with Prussia, 4 not had time to understand the full importance of their actions. On the 12th, Aus- tria, by demanding the vote of mobilization from the minor States, actually forced them. to assume a position of hostifity to Prussia, and the Emperor was bound to provide that they did not come to harm. But the vote was fixed for only two days afterwards, and on the 14th the four kingdoms, with the Electorate of Hesse. the Duchies of Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassan and Brunswick, and others of less note, were exposed by their rashness to the vengeance of the enemy. The Austrians were not ready to give any of them the smallest assistance. Prus- sia, in the meantime, had made all her preparations, A large force was posted along the frontier of Saxony from Halle to Gérlitz, and its operations wero so well calculated that it carried with it planks of the requisite length to repair tne bridges, of which the measure had been taken beforehand. Ags the Prussians concentrated on Saxony 80 they concentrated on Hanover, and, whether they succeed or not in overtaking the retreating Hanoverian army the conquest of the kingdom itself 18 complete. The Elector of Hesse is not only dethroned but impris- oned, and the fate of other princes is still uncertain. It would probably have beon impossible under any cir- cumstances to save Hanover, but the occupation of the other States is directly due to the un. readiness of the Vienna Court, which provoked a power- ful and unscrupulous enemy before its own preparations were complete. The whole plan of operations de- vined by the generals of the Austrian alliance is now in a great degree discomfited, for the larger part of Northern Germany, with all its resources, is in the power of Prussia, which also o:cupies military positions on which the Austrians calculated for their own cam- paign. It1s raid, and with much appearance of proba- ility, that the minor States, whose levies are congre- gating at Frankfort, are signally discouraged by the as- pect of affairs, They are disposed to complain of Aus- tria, which thrust them into danger before sho was able to protect them, and has given a revolutio. invader an early and it may be an enduring victory. It is even rumored that Bavaria hesitates to take at present an active part in the campaign, on the ground that Austria is not yot ready. The Austrian government will, no doubt, do its best to restore the balance in its own favor. It will strain every nerve to give assistance to the Federal army in the ne as well as to reconquer Saxony, and to possess itself ol Silesia, The last news is that the Federal army is mov- ing vorthward, and that twelve thousand Austrians are ‘on their way to join it. It {s not impossible that a ter- rible encoun'er may fake place within the next few days, While the main armies of the two belligerents are mov- ing slowly towards each other, the fate of Central Ger- many may be already decided. battles must The German Free Cities. BREMEN—ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE STRUGGLE—THE ARCH OF WAR—BREMEN ONE OF ITS PROBABLE ABUTMENTS—ACCOUNT OF BREMFRHAVEN. Bremen is one of the four free cities of Germany which have flourished as little republics in the midst of sur- rounding monarchies. The other three aro Lubeck, Hamburg and Frankfort-on-the-Main. Br men is not alone interesting to Americans from the fact that she bas so long maintained and strongly de- fended free institutions or inaugurated a successful com- merce with the New World. A glance at tho map will show that she occupies an important position In the great struggle which has already,begun between Austria and Prussia. The track of military operations may be traced in a huge semi-circle sweeping from Schleswig- Holstein and Hanover on the northwest of Europe, through Berlin, Silesia, Bohemia, Vienna and the Tyrol down to Venetia, on the Adriatic. Of this reat arch let us assume the key- stone to be near Breslau or Rosel in Prussian Silesia, Then the abutments will rest, one at the republic of Bre- men or thereabout, the other in the ex-republic of Venice. Strange coincidence that this chain of military contingencies should thus stretch for leagues to unite in the present two cities that have been bound in the past by many ties of sympathy and similarity. From Breslau the distances to Berlin and Vienpa are about equal; railroads can transport troops rapidly from either capital, and somewhere near the borders of Bohe- mia and Silesian the great central struggle must take place. In the north of Tialy frome, are gathering to strike a blow at Austria in that quarter. In the north of Germany, Hanover and the Dutchies seem destined, from their geographical position, to play important parts jectins | bed military diplomatic imbroglio can be un- ravelled. If Austria can hold what she now possesses she may be well satisfied. Italy claims Venctia; Prussia evi- dontly wants Hanover; the Duchies will fall naturally into the bands of the conqueror, and the free cities that have so long exulted in their independence may well look with apprebension at a struggle which may eventu- ally deprive them of their hard earned liberties. tot us say a few words about one of these plucky little republice, Bremen is situated one hundred and ten square mil old District of Colum! On entering visitor is struck two things—the superior style of dulldings com with those of other continental towns and the absence of that most annoying system of milftary surveillance which througbout eral; makes a st1 ee to bim. once frowned, ituous citizens, there is now a beautiful public park. has been torn down. bat the cilznstajoy themselves all the more in the shady ayn nades of their boasted pleasure garden. the old ca. z f ET Seca cttet ton crossed over and built other, just as they do in America. The Weser is not navigable for large vessels, notwithstanding all the dredging in the world, ‘Tae port is at Bremer- the river. be considered a part of Bremen, just as ‘or Callao is of Lime. The good Bee! This port ma Ontlum! wen ol rs, before the days of iron-clads, and liked to have their dwellings well out of range of sea cannon. Bremerhaven is defended by Fort Wilhelm, which n or until very recently, has garrisoned by Hanoverian troops; but they were paid for by Bremen. About twelve years ago a magnificent dock and basin for vessels were constructed here post of a million ands ee of dollars. Ever since then trade has in- very rapidly, and Bremen has become, as it were, the Liverpool of Germany. Swies Neutrality. A despatch from Berne, of June 11, says:—The Federal Council of Switzerland, June 16, adopted measures for the maintenance of Swiss neutrality analo- gous to those of 1859, and deliberated upon the instrac- tions to be given to M. de Salis, hee ye Righth division in the Grisone. In view also of the necessity for watching the Swiss frontier, it bas placed upon a war footing the St. Gall battalion No, 63, and the No. 12 com- f the Glaris carabiniers. e Zurich battalion proceeds to Zernetz, in the centre of Lower Engadine, by the Albula Pass, and not by that of Juller. The Twenty-third brigade of the Righth division has been detailed for picket service, amd the staff of this brigade, the commander of the Righth division and his utants, the chief officer of engineers, the No, 6 bat- and the No. 36 company of Gritons cara- It is believed” ee oe Sa pecnent to thi tis believed that these w e Minsterthal in He and ‘their principal ser. vice will be to guard the mountain passes leading from Italy into that isolated region, The Commercial Effect. TRADE IN RUSeTa. From the London Times, Jute 22] Wednesday the steamer Hride, belonging to Monars, Rrown, Atkinson & Co, of Hull, arrived at that port from St. Petersburg with a somewhat fight cargo, The Bride left St. Potersburg on the 13th inst, and at that time freights were very low. On linseed she had only obtained 2s. 26: per ae. bemip, 35, per ton; hemp yarn, 27m, Od. : Kips, { Codilla, 408, and Gents, 45x. per standard. Last year the fre ght on Iinseed reached Sa to Os. per qr.; ahd hemp, 90s. to 1008, per ton. Not only were freighta dull when the Bride left Cronstadt, bat articles of metehandiee for export were very scarce, and Many Fesweis were loaving almost without cargo. Before the commencement of the St. Petersburg season the merchants and abipowners of Holt anticipated « large trade vetweeu (uat yort god tue Russian gavital. and in order to be ready for it they placed an unusually large numb of s'eamors on the station, Beveral new steamers were also built especiaily for the St. Pe trade. Unforcuuately these hopes have not been realized, Coie vessels outward bound ee feenare either go half loaded or io ballast, while return cargoes are most rors tw obtain, This is one of the disastrous ofa war. COMMUNIGATION WITH THE CONTINENT. The following is a copy of @ telegram received from M. Rennen, general manager, Rhenish Railway, Cologne; by J. Forbes, general manager, London, Chatham, and Dover Ratiway, Victoria station, London:— The communication to Hanover, Hamburg, Berlin, St. Petersburg, and Breslau is (June 23) nob interrupted. TRAVELLING TO ITALY. . Tho following notice has been published in the Oficial Gasetie of Venice of the 14th of June:— ‘The public is hereby informed that the transit out- wards of persons by tho land frontier towards Italy 1s henceforward suspended. In an exceptional way, however, such transit will, for ‘a short time, still be permitted by such persons as may be provided with an express certificate from the police office of the frontier province, countersigned by the lo- cal military authorities. Such certificates will bo especiaily granted to foreign- ers to enable them to return to their own ‘countries. From the Imperial Royal Lombardo-Venetia Lieuten- ancy, Venice, June 14. GENBRALS SUPERSEDING THE MERCHANTS 4S NEWS- MONGERS. ‘ {From the London Times%city article), June 21.) The commercial letters from Germany state, that owing to the precautions enforced for secrecy with regard to the various military movements, little is now known by the merchants of the course of events, and that inst of being able to communicate any news, they expect their first intimation of important occurrences will in many instances be received from Paris or London. ‘'The Paris Bourse and Bogus News. [From the Paris Moniteur, June 22.) Certain persons seek to shake public credit by spreading false news respecting the events of the war or the im- minent failure of some credit or industrial companios, Some journais do not hesitate to receive and propagate these inaccurate assertions without taking the troubly to verify them. The government is observant of such acts, and will not hesitate to institute legal proceedings against the authors of false intelligence, Miscellancous War Items. The English journals report that a young man named Georga, engaged as teacher at Brichton, has been com- mitted for trial (but admitted to bail), on a charge of sonding @ threatening letter to Count Bismarck. gs appears to have been a friend of Ferdinand Blind, and, the recent attempt upon the Piussian Premi lire, he sent a missive to the minister, warning him that, although he had escaped ‘‘this time,’’ there was retribu- tion in store for him in the shape of “dagger and poison,” Field Marshal Wrangel, who commanded the Prassian army at the beginning of the late Schleswig cam) and has since been relieved from all active duty, has left for the front, to die, as he said, on horseback. ‘The Field Marshal is an Co apg and fought in many a battle against Napoleon I. ce A letter from the Prussian headquarters says that the cheerful good nature, ready obedience, and extreme so- briety of the soldiers atrike every one upon first sight, while but a slight acquaintance shows them to be pos- sessed of an endurance of fatigue and a power of making long marches on dusty roads and in hot weather which are quite surprising. Orders have been isgued by the Austrian government for the purchase of 50,000 infantry muskets, 4,000 carbines, 4,000 lances, 3,000 heavy and 5,000 light cavalry sabres, 25,000 pioncer sabros, and 112,000 bay- onet sheaths, absorbing @ million and a half of florins of the government credit. In Hamb' ‘on tho 18th of June, the editors and pub- Ushers of the Hamburg nowspapors were cited to appear before the head of the police there, when Senator Weber requested them, in civil terms, to be careful in the management of their journals, which was the more needful at the present moment, as any illtimed attack on any German government mignt afford a welcome protext for military occupation, and thas endanger the liberty and independence of the free city. The German merchants in London have published in the newspapers of Hamburg an address to their fellow- countrymen in the fatherland, expressing their abho rence of a fratricidal war between different tribes of Ger- mans, which can ‘only open the door for foreign inter- vention ”’ and eventual loss of some of Germany's fairest Provinces, and concluding with these words: ‘If the sovereigns of Germany are so perverse as wilfully to nogiect their duty, their nee are fully entitled to sacri- fice their allegiance and all other considerations in the ‘great interests of self-preservation,”? As a distinctive mark, the Prussians throughout the campaign are to wear a strip of white linen with a red cross worked upon it round the left arm. The Prussian government is disquieted at the spread of cholera in the army. On tho 4th and 5th of June, thirty- one cases, six of which on these days proved fatal, oc- curred in the Third regiment of the Guard. Among the Austrian troops in Bohemia and Bavaria, a diseaso has broken out to which the name of famine typhue has been given, It seems that the soldiers were at first inadoquatoly fed. ‘The Hamburg and Altona Junction Railway, forming the connecting link between the terminus of the Berlin ‘and Hamburg Railway and the Altona and Kiel line, has been virtually inaugurated by the passage of the Prus- sian troops, One of Kield Marshal von Gablenz’s last acts in Holstein was to prohibit taking Prussian paper currency in payment at the post and telegraph offices and other government establishments in that Duchy. The first public act of Baron von Schee!-Plessen, the new Ober-President of the two Duchies, has been to rescind that order and permit Prussian bank notes to be received in payment every- where as previously. In consequence of numerous applications to the Aus- trian Embassy in London ti urnals of that city hav been authorized to state that the notice issued by the Austrian War Office respecting the employment of medi cal men in the Imperial wig 4 and navy does not apply to foreigners. Only in case the number of medical men who studied in Austrian or German universities should noe a will brat Coe Office be —_ accept the services surgeons. It will then issue a notice to that effect. The Empress Elizabeth of Austria left the Palace of Schénbrunn on the morning of the 11th of June, to go to the Sanctuary of Marie += Styria, where it is hor invention to offer up prayers for the speedy re-establish- ment of peace in Germany. Thence her Majesty will go to Isch! to spend a portion of the summer, at which lace her chil , who left Vienna the same day, will we arrived before her. The commercial advices from ‘and Italy are Trade with amar one has very < a ed, and of course must get worse before from that seven Austrian near Zeits, and are confined in yon y ‘They had assumed the disguise bdottle-brashes, ° painter, has been invited 0 ng leek of phote- graphers jussian frontier Dave received duty free into it ip den- ger from the Austrian army. at iIdren of their ae incess Louis of Hesse, agin Hreagary, and an earthrealk: the Bukovina, AO ie Bul a drives the extremities, pa- rents offering to sell their chi the little ones should not 4 A Slavonic journal states that a few days since a resi- ben ed rl), After much u Te. ceived nine florins, The same a it ved in the same town with her two daughters—ono the latter free to choose. The gentleman contented him- self by giving alms to the poor woman without buying her children. The mother and children had been in the most complete destitution since the death of the father, who had expired of hunger, FRANCE UNEASY. The French Press. DEBATE ON THE LIBERTY OF ACTION OF THE PaRIs JOURNALISTS—HOW THE COMPLAINTS OF THE PUBLIC AND GOVERNMENT WARNINGS ARB RR- CEIVED BY TRE RDITORS. The ne | of France met in session on the 16th of June, Count Waleweki in the chair. M. Rouher, Min- je ed State, and the other Government Commissioners presen’ On the minutes of the preceding sitting being read, ‘M, GvEROULT rose and said—I was absent yesterday when M. Jules Favre affirmed that th was no - bility for any man belonging to the — in the present Situation of the press in France, to ce & journal vo uttish a complaint of his against an existing grievance. tmust declare that the honorable gentleman is quite mistaken, since when such complaints addressed to the ion Nationale they are never neglected. it a me bekem ad back expoured URROULT. Two or three years we the cause of the journeymen who sent many letiors and uments tour, and since then we took up warmly the case of the cab-drivers; in fact, we always attend to communications if they a) to us well founded. I think it right to add tl although the stuation of the French journals is hampered by a double jurisdiction, one administrative, and the other judicial, the belief must not be entertained that journalists are bowed down like miserable ares under the whip of the government. (Hear, hear.) The truth is this: whenever, gl have just enid, complaints are fast, we receive them, but we do not receive all indiscriminately. M. de Janzd said yesterday that he could not find journals to insert he rvations against the railway companies. M. Ha- vin offered to insert them in the Stéele, and I now declare ‘soll ready to do the exme in the journal I direct. Dk Janze—I certainiy shall not forget the offer. M, Gvenovtt-—But Ido not undertake to publish ail the complaints that may be sent to me, for some of them aro devoid of common sense, (Laughter.) Baron ve Jaxze—1 would not have anything to do with matters of that kind. (Renewed laughter.) M. duu Favee—1 ahould be greatly grieved if my language could have been of a nature to wound any one, and I admit at once that the editors of the journals act, im presence of. the existing legislation, with great de: Yotodgess and a ram courage. GQlovement,) But] have ee to ask, are there not circumstances in which journalists Te-e ve semt-official notice not to speak of such and such perrons and swh and such events? If that is true where is their liberty? Were they left to themselves their courage would be a sufficient guaranteo; but if there is above them a sovereign will which disposes of their pens—(loud interruption and almost unanimous marks of denia!)— M. Juues Favre—I merely mean to say that there are certain questions which they are forbidden to touch on. M. Grantee pe Cassagnac—There are several journal- ists among us here, I request them to state if their pens are free ?—yes or no. M. Guxrovtt—I reply at‘once. Since I have resumed my position as a writer on the public press I have never been interdicted to speak on any subject. (Hear, hear.) I bave certainly sometimes received an intimation to remain silent op certain private affaire relatingto famt- lies—a course which I should have foliowed myself with- out any euch advice. It has also occurred to me to re- ceive an invitation from the Minister concerned not to discuss questions of an exciting character. (\Movement— agitation.) M. Jones Favrr—Ah! there it is! M. Gogrovit—Bat whenever such recommendations are given, I am at full liberty to accede to them or not, according to my judgment and on my own responsibility. (Hear, hear.) Asto myself, I have the pretension of ever doing but what I consider my duty ; and Y think that the independence of individuals is less in the gitua- tion than in the character of each. (Hear, hear, M. Havin—I wish merely to say that certainly an invi- tation has been occasionally sent to me to abstain from certain questions ; but that has been done in such a manner that 1 could not ype that any refusalon my part would be attended with disagreeable consequences to the journal. (Hear, hear.) M. Jutes Favre—Then you were more fortunate than M. Guéroult, who received a warning. M. Guerovtr—Yos, but long after. M. Joizs Favax—Well, it was cortainly after. M. Havin—I am convinced that no interdiction has ever been given toa French journal which could clash with its duties to society, Had anything of the kind been done, we should bave resisted, as neither warning, nor suspension, nor suppression could have stopped it. (Hear, hear.) No, never has any prohibition been sent to me which I was not at full liberty to disregard if that course suited me, (Loud approbation.) The minutes were then put to the vote and adopted. The French Army. HOW IT 18 CONSTITUTED BY CONSCRIPTION AND DRAWING LOTS—ITS IMMORALITIES CONDEMNED- A WARNING TO ‘‘ RESPECT’ THE EMPEROR IN DB- BATE. During the session of the French Legislature on the 16th of June, the order of the day was the adjourned discugsion on the Ordinary BEL, fd of 1867, poe pes un- der consideration being the condition and expenditure of the Ministry. M. ps La Gorstiers wished to put to the government comissioner a question to which an answer had been ost Among the amendments relative to the bill for calling out 100,000 men, there was one to demand that the right of exchanging the numbers drawn by lot should be authorized among is men of the same canton. He wished to know, first, whether the govern- ment had any intention of examining the proposition; and secondly, whethor in that case there was any poksi- bality to presenta bill on the subject early the next ses- sion. General ALLARD, Government Commissioner, said that the prefects ought to be consulted, and that if their opinion was favorable a bill might be presented to the Chamber next year. M. Giais-Bizor said that of all the Ministries, that of War was the one in which reforms and reductions were tho easiest and the most necessary. Hither univerial suf- Srage ‘must cease (o be the fundamental law of the country, ‘or the military organisation mus! be radically modified. ‘The whole system, based on the conscription, on the law of exoneration, andin that of engagements and re-en- gagements, was essentially vicious. The drawing by lot, while exempting 4 certain class, only ren- dered military service more onerous for those who bad to serve. During the seven years of duty some young men forgot their original trade, others took a disgust to it, and others again con- tracted dissolute habits in tho ‘barracks. The lawof exoneration was advantageous only to the rich; and the engagements and re-engagements, if carried out ona larger scale, would be detrimental to the national char- acter of the army. A ietter from the Emperor, dated from Algeria, had expressed the idea of introducing two thousand Turcos into the ranks. Why mot sizty thousand or one hundred thousand? They might easily be found. The honorable member went on to argue that as epgagments took place only after the seven years of service, viz., at the age of twenty-cight, and the re- engagements at thirty-five, the ariny was gradually az suming a very elderly aspect (laughter); wrinkles were seen which should have been scars from sabre cuts, The desertion of the country districts was owing to those re-enlistments; the liberated soldiers, allared by the bait of premiums and bigh pay, absented themselves from their homes during fourteen or twonty years of service, acquired a taste for barrack life and sowed no desire to return to their villages. Complaint had aiso been made that the French racr was degencrating. If so, the cause must in te aitributed to the system which carried off a million of men, condemned to celibacy, and those the most healthy and’ vigorous in the country. ‘What was the remedy for such a state of things? He thought it was to be found in an adoption of the system practised by two neighboring countries—Prussia and Switzeriand—namely, a service of only two years, or three at most. I am’ convinced, said tho speaker, that the illustrious author of the Jdées Napoléoniennes has the game convictions now as when in exile. Tho Paeipent—M. Glais-Bizoin, be yourself to section 1 of the Ministry of ‘digressions. M. Grais-Brzois—I am persuaded that the autnor of the Idees Napoléoniennes would not wish to expose himself to have such words applied to him as were addressed the other day by an eminent man to the Spanish Minis- ter in the pean Binet as csoipane disposition when in op- ition i only progress and erty, ana leased to confine ‘ar, without any The Presipxyt—M. Glais-Bizoin, I stop you and recall you to the question. It is your duty to respect the Emperor. (Great applause.) I beg you will return to the question and not again depart from it. (Renewed applause.) If you go on I shall consult the Chamber to ide if it will allow F ha to continue speaking. (Exclamations.) M. Jouzs Favas—Then we as well get our speech- es red at the of the ident. 6 Presipgnt—I beg M. Jules Favre to explain his — which I find very improper. M. Jums Favae—The explanation is simple fpg = ion of of two amendments Dimeelf and é pce colleagues. Fae at vas to the “St. force numbered 210,000 men ‘would be 16,000 of no use to the State, marrying ‘lowed to the. oes fib ~ hed was of the semcoast and refused to all others? (Cries of “Enough, enough.”” The am tad doman@ for's tallot , M. But is not ended. Suvenat Vorces—Adjourn, adjourn. The discussion again THE BRITISH CABINET CRISIS. The Prospect of A &e. [From the London Times, June 23.) The more ardent of the bo inted reformers make a point that its catastrophe avenged by an instant dissolution, Nothing will satisfy them but the capital punishment of the offending Romy my and a heavy penalty to be inflicted on the mem! by the process of re-election, in which the innocent will suffer at least as much as the guilty. Indeed, inthis it is not easy to say who are the guilty and who are the innocent, as com with the rest. About nine-tenthe of the libe- tals have voted black and white with government for e clause of the bill, and im many cases given votes whi felt it necessary to expiate the next day 4 claumey e ations and ignomintous confessions. hatever may be thought of them, they hardly deserve to be fined rage three thousand pounds a piece. Neither Opposition be proved gaily on any indictment, of that vague and constructive character and democrats can draw up so well, They have maintained a very and consistent op) sition to a bill confessedly intended to alter the political balance by taking from them twenty or thirty of tne seats now under their influence, and to oust them — on - prospect of power. They hed prom’ nothing but reform, in a very general sense of the word, and to this moment there can_ be only a natu- rat and yet unfriendly inference that they would have rejected a fair and reasonable measure. They must be judged, not by the measure of our suspi cionk, but by the measure of the actual occasion im which they have been tried. Mr. Gladstone had the choice of pats them to one teat or another. He might have brought forward a measure so equal and fair to all Parties, clarses and interests that to rojeet it might be called a crime. In thie case he would not have gained Much for his own party, or for any occasional ally; Such a suocess he might possibly not prize. He hai also the option of a measure in ithe nature of a political in- Yasion of his foes, and & march into thelr country, with the view of annexing some of their territory and of their subjects. In this case there was the chance of a brilliant success. But there was er risk of failure and, in the event of t ilure, there could He no com. yo t, nO invocation of the juat deities, no demand isfaction, no excuse for summary vengeance. This ie the choce Mr. ¢ we ought to his chief in the other houge—has doliberate(y made, te went in for the higher stakes and the groate? advantage, without regard to claims founded on the existing state of things, He has fatied, as many another fseailant and Would-be comaueror Las failed before and Will fail axalp. and tactics at least af fair and open as his own, has avoided a direct issue and tried to circumvent his opponents. He has beea neither beaten nor even circumvented, but simply wearied out by a purely Fabian policy. He has given ta- Who, then, is to blame, and who is there to punish t The unsuccessful are ready to punish all the we and eves themselves, if that is necessary to the general executich. This is the whole case for @ dissolution, aud there is nothing more to be said for it. . There is an obvious inconsistency in this violent wiah to refer the present question to the existing constituen- cies when the very ground of the isan opinion that the constituencies are usurpations, with ao substantial right to call th ves the people, and to elect the Parliament, It is impossible to pay a higher compliment to the oonstituencyand the exist- ing state of our representative system than by insisting on an immediate reference te them on any question of importance. Why alter and revolutionie atribunal which we regard as the opportune and infallible savior of the country? The classes now enfranchised may, then, be safely trusted with the most vital of responsibilities. They are, then, sure to send us not only law makers but also men of making « constitution itself, and widening the base of this vast political edifice. This is not our a From our lips such praise might seem fulsome and tn- It ws the impartial testimony of the men who inspired the Reform bill, and who now loudly appa to the British constituoncies to avenge its failure. e ap peal, we believe, would be simply wasted. Of course it would be out of all reason to expect that a general eloc- tion now should return the very same men as one sine months since. But no human being can venture to say how they would differ. If half a dozen men should lose their seats for their votes against government, it is quite possible ‘that as many would lose their seats for support- ae eat we ar Lipaiierba-y bry feet tracopa ay ais ay ing ‘rope rushing to arms will nave tlt eametobering feta thad ereny 0 pm when the confusion and miseries of the civilized world as it goes, It is equivalent to overturning the chess! turning off the gas, or getting out of a negate 4 by creating a riot, fe maintain, however, that in spite of the utter bad management of Mr. Gladstone, his friends and his advisers, the Reform bill is in a very fair stage of dis- cussion, and that there is no reason why it should net be banded over to noxt session. We have now abun- dance of materials, They have had some sifting. There have been important divisions. Not one of them has pre- judicially affected the chief principles of the bill. Then why not proceed with the discussion, which, even if it should last three or four y: will not last as long as the most ordinary Chancery suit about a worthless privi- lege, a few hundred pounds, or a hundred acres of mud or barren sand? But, “No,” say these advisers, “we will begin quite anew. We will start fresh from the very essentials of the question, and clear our factlties as well gs wipe off all the debts of controversy, by passing throdgh an ora of confusion and bitterness.’’ There are those who are always wanting to clear the table, and tey their luck over again. Though they make a thousand mistakes there is always that resource. It is some such hope that drives men to the gaming table, or its commercial subsiiiwe, When regular business fails, when ordinary calculation has been baffled, or, more likely, folly visited with its natural results, ¢! still remains the last chance of staking all on one die, and committing one’s fortune to ‘accidents and causes beyond control. This is suicide, and nothi more. As well sell one’s body into captivity as put one's cause into the power of an unreasoning and incalculable process, That is more or less the character of every neral election compared with the deliberations of a arliament which bas really admitted the necessity of settling a question. The House of Commons has done this, and, what is more, it has dealt more seriously and’ more respectfully with reform than govern- mont itself. It without a division the first and second ings of the bill, only stickling fora whole measure instead of half. It has only once discussed foreicn affairs, though, in the face of ap- proaching wars, it has voted —— with un denved readiness. It bas had one long debate, and only one, Ithas left the great principles of the bill—nay, the one principle, in Mr. Gladstone's own opinion—en- tirely unchallenged. Then, what has it done that it should be cashiered, disbanded, and sent back for fresh credentials? If that step be not } it will be most dangerous to those who take it ; for if the fidelity of the supporters of government be suspected and questioned now, it will be suspected with better reason when they have been visit with an undeserved penalty and marked with an unjust stigma. We: of War. THE AMERICAN IRON-CLAD AT QUEENSTOWN—BRIT- 18H REFLECTIONS ON BER APPEARAN aw FIREARMS AND NAVAL GUNS. fFrom the London Times, June 23.] It fs said that the present war actually originated in a new firearm. Count Bismarck thought the needle-gan would render the Prassian army irresiatible, and so be seized the opportunity of breaking up the old system of Earop: to reconstruct it afresh. The presumption may be a little overstrained, but Marshal Benedek allades to it in his address to his soldiers, and there is truth enough in the idea to fix our attention on the great questions at issue, Muskets and cannon now constilute'the reliance of nations, and the Prussians have developed one of these insruments and the Americans the cther. A Prossian battalion is said to bea match, by means of its needle gun, for three battalions armed with the ordi- nary musket, and an American Monitor is expected to be superior to any other fighting ship in the world. On one of these points it is but too likely that we shall soon have evidence in abundance, and on the other we know more than we did, for a real Monitor has just crossed the Atlantic, and is now lying in Brit sh waters The American Monitor is liierally a floating gun car- riage, and nothing more. She bus not the least resem- Dlance to any ordinary man-of-war either in shape or arrangements; but she does carry guns—enormous ones, too—and the Miantonomoh has carried them across the Atlantic. These guns weigh upwards of twenty tons, they have a bore of fifteen inches, and they throw a four hundred and eighty pound shot. The Monitor has two turrets, and two of these guns are carried in each. Now, if the calibre of a gun is to decide the advantage im an action, we have certainly nothing to match the battery of the Miantonomoh. In our latest and most successful specimen of a fighting ship we have half-way to the point reac! Am-ric whoreas an Italian tron-clad has just sailed for the Adri- atic carrying six hundred-pounders, and the Americans, we are told, have already cast guns more than twice as big as those of the Miantonomoh. Either, then, the ad- vantage does not belong exclusively to the largest gun, or that advantage belong to us. We have lately some addition to our experience in these matters. “In the action at Callao four hundred and turrets were matched net li if if i fe : ike i i if tl ee EES an 3 Hl & i i HH i f t t i ‘ FE I i [ z: i i f i i | L ! 7 | 14 ; Li Hy 3 ef g three thousand tons, or double that of the Monitor. there are Tor consideration where the mont. tor might not to so much advantage. The speed of the Miantonomah, for instanee, in her acrona i the fot sedate pe shown is this—that they can send four hundred and fifty pound guns to sea in a fifteen hundred ton vessel. We are not dispesed to give all the credit to foreign fovernments and none to our own, and we trust yer 4 lon it would, no doubt, have been thought a greatthing three or four years ago to send am iron-clad to sea carry- ing etx and @ half ton guns, and yet of only two thous- and four hundred tows burden, we here see an American Miantonomah, though she is pony, more seaworthy, tren, dre reconstrecting tnelt nary on adoutio preci . r ir ona principle. They have their Mon! for enormous ordnance and singular defensive power, but they bave also cruisers fopecially for speed, though carrying very power. ful guns Gradoally, and im & teatative fashion, they are sending their Monitors to #ea, though it may be remarked that neither of the two specimens powie civil foreign waters belongs to the original Monitor fleet, Monadnock was only launched at the end of the war, while the Mi has been buflt aince Diy the intest improvements, bo’ Americans do not tegard-erther Mon\tors or iron-clads as sufficient for ali the exigencies of naval service. They are r-cognizing two classes of Vessels—one built solely for offensive and defensive power, the other for power in rom- bination with extraordiuar, |. Our first rate iron-clata are probably unequalled for the anion of all these qual ties together. The Minotaur im said to be one of the fasten menof-war in the world, she is strongly plated and sho could carry three-hundred-pound guna But then the three-hundred-pound gun is probably the heaviest that she could Carty, whereas even now #it-huntred-ponnders are afloat, It will not do, however, to be left behind in » race like thi, We hi ducting experiments sn deliberately and other nations, lthet Joss sceptital or mor: nvinced, have got practi. Gally alioad of a We pave no doubs Wha magy 9 (ull