The New York Herald Newspaper, May 17, 1866, Page 4

4 NEW YORK ‘Ff ferred from the steamer to two large hulks on the Sth inst, ; the healthy into one and those tainted with sick- ness into the other, ‘The outbreak of cholera among the German emigrants ‘on these vessels wag attracting much attention, particu- larly in Liverpool, where the disease had shown itself, while the emigrants were in transit through the town. Several German families had been attacked and two or three deaths had occurred. Precautionary measures were being adopted and the government had issued instruc- tions to stop the further admiesion of German emigrants into England until they had passed a full medical exam- ination. Very few of these emigrants remained in England, and telegrams had beer sent to the Continent requesting that no more emigrants should be sent to Liverpool for some time. The two German emigrants, a man named Petersen, aged thirty-four years, and the wife of a man named Cornelius Schawenberg, who were taken from a German lodging house to the Liverpool Workhouse, suffering from an acute attack of Asiatic cholera, are both dead. THE GERMAN QUESTION. The Critical Condition of Affairs Con- ued=The War Movement Progress: i Our advices by the Java from Austria, Prussia and Italy report that the condition of affairs still continued critical, and that warlike movements were progressing. Austria is said to have sent a telegraphic =, to the last Prussian despatch, declaring that she not disarm to the extent desired by Prussia. The official Berlin Staats Anceiger of the 3d of May says:—Concurrent intelligence from various quarters has been received, which admits no longer any doubt of the fact that the mobilization of the Austrian forcesy ns which has been effected by degrees will shortly be com- plote, A Berlin telegram of 84 of May says:—OMicial reports from the General in command of the Sixth Prussian army corps announce that means for the transport of a largo number of troops are daily arriving in Prague. Should ‘the announcement be confirmed it would show that the transport of troops with the view of concentrating an Austrian army upon our frontiers has already com- menced. The rumors that the Prussian army has been mobilized are premature; but itis believed that an in- crease of tho Prussian armaments will now take place immediately. A Berlin telegram of the 4th of May says:—Prussia is making great preparations in the district of Wittenburg for the concentration of a corps d’armee on the Saxon frontier. Orders were issued yesterday from the Minister of War to place the sixth corps, stationed in Silesia, on war footing. It is rumored that at the Council of Ministers held yesterday it was decided to mobilize im- mediately the whole Prussian army, with the exception of the corps d’armée in the Rhine provinces. Acircular despatch has been issued by the Prussian government to their representatives at foreign courts explaining that the negotiations which have taken place on the question of disarmament have led to no result on account or the military preparations made by Aus- tria and Venetia, which also rendered necessary the Italian armaments, The despatch casts upon Austria the full responsibility of any events which may occur here- after. ‘A Vienna despatch of the 4th of May says:— The Russian Ambassador at Berlin has presented to the King of Prussia an autograph letter of the Emperor ot Russia, in which reference is made to family relations’ existing between the Emperor and various German princely families whose exist- ence he would be forced to defend should it be threat- ened. Lord Bloomfield, the British Minister, is said to have declared to Count Menadorff that should Austria renew any peaceful offer to Prussia it would be energetically supported by England at the Prussian Court. he pe prepa of General Benedek as Commander- in-Chief of the army of the North is daily expected, The armaments of Austria continue. Many foreigners have left Vienna. A telegram from © announces that all portable church property, as well as the valuables of the ex- Emperor Ferdinand, bas been sent to Vienna. EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE JAVA. TWO DAYS LATER NEWS. The War Sitaation Continued in Germany. A Conflict Imminent, but a Strong Cur- reat in Favor of a Peace Congress. Napoleon’s Explailation to the French Legislature. A Pacific Course, an Honest Neutrality and Liberty of Action His Policy. Italy is Free and Must Take the “Porils” and “Risks” of a War with Austria. Important Statements of MM. Rouher, Thiers and Jules Favre. A New Itatian Loan and a Firm Na- tional War Feeling. MR. GLADSTONE’S BUDGET. His Cpinion of the Debt and Re- sources of the United States. The Great Commercial Race and Coal Suoply of England and America, &e, &e. &e, The Cunard steamship Java, Captain Moodie, which left Liverpool at eleven o'clock on the morning of the Sth and Queenstown on the afternoon of the 6th of May, arrived at this port yesterday morning. The news is two days later than the report of the Mora- vian, off Father Point, published in the Hzraup on Tues- day morning. Tbe Yaris Bourse closed heavy on the evening of May 5, at 64f. 65c. for the rentes. The Bank of Frankfort has raised its rate of discount to six per cent. The bank of Holland on the 3d of May raised its rate of discount from five and a half to six per cent. On the 4th of May, in the English House of Commons, there was a debate upon the habeas corpus suspension in Ireland, but nothing of moment resulted. Mr, Watkin called attention to the termination of the Canadian Reciprocity treaty, and to the course pursued by the government in reference to it. He moved a reso. lution expressing regrot that timely negotiation had failed to procure the revival of the treaty, and that the House would look with satisfaction upon any measures which may tend to perpetuate friendly relations between the United States and her Majesty’s possessions in North America. Before Mr. Watkin concluded his speech the House ‘was counted out, there not being a quorum present, Messrs, Guion & Co.'s monthly statement of British tex. tile manufactures shipped from Liverpool to the United States, shows a dimination for April of about fifty per cent compared with February and March, and about sixty per cent compared with the four previous months, The London News (city article) thinks this diminution indi- cates that the exports to America will now go back tothe more na\ural supply which existed before 1861, and Says:—Thus far tyg doubt which was attemptod to be raised some months ago as to our receiving the equivalent in settlement from the United States has had Ro foundation in fact. On the contrary, a considerable amount of Amorican securities has been returned lately as a remittance to settle the b » of trade, else we should very probably have been obliged to make ship- The Aspeet in Italy. Prince Napoleon had arrived at Florence. ‘The Italian government bad concluded a new loan of 250,000,000 lires with the National Bank of Italy. The government releases the bank from tho obligation of paying its notes in specie on presentation. Popular demonstrations in favor of the national arma- ments continue to be reported from various places in Italy. nv Naples the National Goard bad expressed their wish to relicve the troops that were garrisoning the town. A Florenco despatch of the 4th of May says:—Tt is confirmed that Austria has declared her readiness to re- place her army in Venetia upon a complete peace foot- ing if Italy bas no intention of attacking that province. ¢ Italian government in replying to this declaration repeated that its armaments were purely dofensive and that Italy had no intention of taking the initiative in hostiliies. The Situation in Austria. THE POSITION IN THE QUADRILATERAL. [Venice (April 29) correspondence of Paris Patrie,) Austria is placieg herself in a complete state of defence in the Quadrilateral. Troops aro arriving from all parts, and, while not neglecting Pesch'era and Legnano, the military authorities are collecting munitions of war and provisions at Verona and Mantua especially. The works of Verona since 1859 have been notably enlarged, and they now mount five hundred guns, Independently of the advantage arising from its communication through the Tyrol with the interior of the empire, Verona, with its present resources, could maintain a twelve mouths’ siege. Mantua {s, in one sense, even stronger than Verona. It can be reduced only in one way—by investment, which would require a considerable army and much patience, for its garrison, taken at thirty thousand men, is supplicd with provisions for more than @ year. Mantug is surrounded for two-thirds extent by three lakes, and the remainder of urpference is protected by enormous ditches, in case of war, can be filled with water by means is communicating with the lakes There are zones of inundation, into two of which the water ready been admitted, and the third will, it is said, d shortly, which was not done in 1859. Already notice has been given by the authorities to dwellers on the borders of these water defences. Lastly, upon all the principal points of the road leading from Mantua to Verona the Austrians are constructing redoubts and ments of gold. entrenchments, which wilfbe heavily armed. ‘ ol are th The Quadrilateral (orm a vast intrenched camp, where Mr. Jobn Brennan, « native of Bray, near Dublin, | (1's pavantages ae on Ue side of the defenders, Iraland, who made a large fortune in America and went pbs home to spend a portion of it on buildings in his native town, died rather suddenly on the morning of May 1, at bis residence, sea Point It was he who built the inter- Where Pruassin May Strike. BAXONY Li Y TO bE THE FIRST SUFYFRER, {Paris (ay 4) correspondence of London Times.] “| One of those unfounded ramors which usually spring hational Motel at Bray. He also caused the erection of | yp during a state of panic such as we have now witnessed 8 terrace called by his name, and several other fine build. | for weeks past was t here yesterday, namely—that hostilities had actually commenced, and that the Prus- sians hac invaded Saxony, It was, like go many others, unfounded ; but the fact that it prevailed for some time, and was to some extent credited, testifies to the anxious siate of the public mind. It may, however, be only the fororunnor of what may take plice before long; tor Prus- upon Saxony to disarm, perhaps meane fo sat the retest for striking the pret tiow. Tt , destined for Saxony to be the battle fleld ings in and around the town, An attempt bad been made by some Fenian sym. Pathizers to murder Acting Inspector Clifford of the Dublin potice. The Britis war gunboats Heron and Britomart, have left Plymouth for Halifax. The paddle-wheel steam sloop Barracouta, 6, Commander William B. Urmston, with the gunboat Charger, followed on Ist of May. Very numerous arrests have taken place in Russia in Consequence of the attempt on the life of the Czar. At St Petersburg some twenty studonts, sixty Poles and four superior officials, one of them a couuelllorin the inauce Ministry, have been lodged {n prison. In Mos- Cow the same lot has befallen some thirty students, while in Warsaw the nomber arrested, on more or less adoquate grounds of suspicion, is double or treble, as a maiter of cv In the latter place people have been Promixcuously stopped in the streets and searched for Papers or other similar proofs of conspiracy. The new steamships, the Guaycurti and tho Charrua, five hundred and twenty tons register and eighty horse power, have loft the Clyde for the river Plate, on which thoy are to trade, ‘A rumor has beon current in Parts that ten thousand French soldiers would shortly bo sent to Rome, A large ship-nigged steamer, eupposed to be the City of zion, pawed tho Fastnet under a heavy press of and steering well with an apparently temporary Tudder, on the ovening of thegath instant, A despatch from Laverponi, of the Sth of May, says:—Two tugs left Qu be steamship City of Washington, Feporiod to have passer Cape Clear last evening. 4 London despatch of May 6, says:—Nothing has yet been heard of the stoamehip City of Washington since the Proponti« left here. The dic A steamer reported Off Crookhaven was from Melbourne, Tolographic reports from Initia, dated Bombay, April 90, advise Cotton depressed. Shipments during the Past forinight 45,000 bales. Froights to Liverpool 403, Piece goods lower. Exchange M14. Celeutta, April 97.—Rxchange 2%, 2d. Freights 450, Indigo depressed, | The Beigian reached Liverpool on the Sti instant, HELVETIA, A Back to Liverpool | 4 Placed im Strict Quarantine—Pre- fonary Measures to Stop Farther jom of German Emigrants Into my. during the Thirty It was devastated by the imperialists and Swed ¥ sians and Austrians from 17: astrous period of the Seven Years’ war the French pene- ears’ war, and by the Prus. to 1708. During the trated there, The wars of the French republic and the in of 1813 left their traces on its soil, and, unless Stays the tremendaus conflict which now pending, it will probably be once more the the- jar bewween Germans, Napolcon’s Deciar: STATEMENT OF THK FRENCH MINISTER TO THE LE GISLATURE—NEUTRAL FRANCE CLAIMS AN EN- TIRE FREEDOM OF ACTION—FREB ITALY MUST TAK® ALL THR RISKS AND PRRILS OF WAR ALONE—S?PEECHES OF MM. THIRKS AND JULES fy RTC. In the séssion of the French Legistature, May 3, the order of the day was the discussion on the bill calling out one hundred thousand soldiers from the class of 1566. M. RovurR, Minister of State, rose and read—Centie- men, some members of this Chamber have seemed to think that the discussion which is about to open on the bill concerning the contingent for the army might very well serve as an occasion for a debate on the affairs of Germany. The government fs convinced that it cannot accept the proposed course without grave and nume- Tous inconveniences, But in presence of the rumors of war which have had circulation throughout Europe, the government considers itself bound to make known to tho Chamber the policy which It has followed, its present position with respect to the German Powe: and, above ail, its situation relative to Italy. That duty come here to fulfil by a declaration whieh, if brief, shall not bo wanting in precision, (Applause) The policy of France with respect to the duchies has always beon pacific, From the very outset, as well as in all the phases which occurred afterwards, at Copenbagen, at the conference of Loudon, at Vienna, and at Berlin, Franee bas never ceased to give counsels of prudence and moderation, At present the French Cabinet continucs its efforts not less energetically. In fact, when it promotes with so much perseverence the develop ment of ty at home, and encourages that ten dency by international solemnities, bow could it remain todifierent abroad to the shock of rival passions? The odforts of the government in tavor of peace will have but one Himit—namely, that it will not consent to enter into any engngement—< is determined to preserve ts entire liberty of actim, (Loud applause.) In those questions which do not, after all, affect, either the dignity, or the honor, or the direct interest of our country, was it not the duty of the Emperor's government, after havi: Proclaimed loudly its pacifie wishes, to ao a to proctice the rales of an honorable sincere se. neutrality, aed consequently to remain face of . complicated events freo in ite determina reported in the Mekary, the steamship | OMS! Therefore it is fully resolved to employ that liber- ‘As already Relvetia, which left Liverpool on the 2d metant for New York, bad pat back with cholera on bourd, When the ‘Vensel reached Queenstown, the day after leaving Liver. pool, several suspected cases of cholera bad broken out ‘among the German emigrants, and two deaths had al- ready ocourred. she was consequently crdered to return Wo Liverpool forthwnh. ‘Tho Helvetia arrived back In the Mersey on the 4th in- , although it ty only for the accomplishment of @ task which will be easy —Ovit of protecting against at attaint the power, secu- ‘ity, and grandewr of France. (Cheers.) Special daties Were imposed on us with res to Taly—a nation to which we are attached by traditional sympathies and by A recent confratornity in arma Ttaly may imagine that hor interest calls on her to enter actively into the con- fiet which has arison detweom Prussia and Austria. Every nation is the judge of its own affaira, Wedonot waaay ay pana ef Gres ends ont, and was placed in strict quaranii fare & San me Ge cane was found that there was only ge’ cass on board—that tone Fespect to our Intentions, and ear reiterated declarations that @ an adult male German, in which the premonitory ey in re enue Gnevee 7 attach on the part of Ace @7mptoms of the disease wore A tas menegen tH fp SE 0 be k Sonoran i pat ee deo, ie cheering. therefore, our statement ber may be summed up in ey fam eep ned policy, @ sincere on liberty Bhct'is our line of ; and we consider it to be in conformity with truth and justice and worthy of the con- fidence of the legislative body and of the country. (Long continued applause. ) M. Tuexs—Gentlemen, "ae have just heard the grave and noble language of Minister of Stato, and you have justly applauded it; but do the resulta hitherto ob- correspond with that language? If the Chamber shares the opinion of the minister, and thinks 9 doheie on seh Auetuaee ay be attended with inconvenience to the country, I will defer to its author- lig: Pub Xt aurea ee ko eoaek teat ies 8] not ve. peak, speak!’?) For my Ido Chamber can remain passi or disapprove of the policy of the nema, ought to express Spoceplon, Sid. if it dost to sce that policy more ided in ‘BeDSO ®, it ought to speak out, which I will do, if the nber consents. (Yes, yes.) I have to defend before youa and sacred cause—right shamefull, 1, without Europe would son Decca, ie sia, the pprobation. ) jefen to all not only for should be raised in favor of those great interests—right 1 must explain the origin w right has come to whether any means can be dev! of the world, at least of alleviating the conse- Suences of war, teal briefly state the iso, Within © last few years st e have passed in Europe. A Roman exclaimed in midst of the proscriptions:— “That cursed house of mine at Alba, songs will cost me my life? Similar language is now held by all the small States of Europe, Are you a petty Power? Do you pose a fertile territory which would round off tho tates of a powerful and ambitious neighbor? Have you a port that would admit a large flect? Do your subjects speak the same as those of the ambitious potentate near you? 80, wo be to you! This was the case of Denmark, the two fine Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were seized in the name of the Germanic Confederation. If, when taken in the name of the German fatherland, they had been loft to it, right would have been violated, just as in Italy whon the Grand Duke of Tuscany and the King of Naples were dis; But the two Powers which seized the Duchies of the Elbe in the name of tho Germanic Confederation kept them as thelr own, and Prussia has said to Austna, “‘Let mo have them both orI will force ‘ou to war!’ Such is the whole question of fact. But must enter into further particulars; for the world ought to know, in their full extent, the iniquities which have been committed, and thoso still in pene. tion, Everybody feels an interest in Donmark, It 18 one of those ll States which resemble the men of whom St, Lambert said, in the last century, “They have a virtuous temperament”—one of those Btates which never thought of encroachment on a neighbor, and only wished, like Holland and Switzerland, to maintain its own independence. Being both soldiers and sailors, the Danes placed their interests in that great European ono—the liberty of the seas. For this they maintained, in the beginning of the present century, a memora- ble controversy which immortalized the namo of M. de Bernstorf, and in 1807 heroically fought against the formidable Nelson. (i Grate- ful Europe therefore left to them the guardian- ship of the Sound, of which they have been the disinterested and vigilant keepers. France especi- ally owed inviolable fidelity to Denmark, which remain- ed faithful to her even after Napoleon had been sent to the Isle of Elba, What reward did Denmark receive? Why she was deprived ot tho kingdom of Norway, and obtained as a compensation the little duchy of Lauen- burg, which Prussia and Austria have again taken away, and which tho latter has ceded to the former for five or ‘six millions of francs, about as much as one ot our great capitalists would give fora country seat. Tho Danes, nevertheless, remained peaceable, exercising their call ing as a commercial intil recently. * * * © The blaze at present exists; all that can be done is to extinguish it. (Appl and laughter.) England wasin a very falsc position in respect to Franco; she had been charged by ail the Powers of Europe to ro: fuse the Congress, and she did so in the simple, clear, unpolished manner which necd not cause surprise 10 those who are aware of the frankness of the English character. (Interruption.) Her doubtless must have appeared offensive, for it was the language of trath. Under such circumstances England proposed to us to enter into a conference on the affairs of Denmark. France accepted with a good graco, but that was not suf- ficient. What was to be done at the conference, and for ‘what purpose was Europe to meet? To support the treaty of 1662, and France would have no difficulty in so do- ing. One sudden the French Cabinct drew up a which produced a great sensation in the world. That document argued that the treaty of 1852 would cer- tainly be the best Ses cnkjoarauen on, ay as all ‘wore not agreed on the sul ‘ore was a simple prin- ciple to invoke—that of nationalities, which coded to consulting the 3. * * © The partition of Poland is rightly spoken of only in terms of indignation. But I ask was ever odiousness and buffoonery combined to the same degree as in this affair? (Applause.) And to maintain that odious and ridiculous iniquity Europe is now ex] to a general’ war. (Renewed applause.) Such 18 what there is a desire that you should become the allies of. J gyn ay 4 What was done by Prussia when e saw that Austria, for the sake of her own honor and her situation in Germany, would not take part in such shameful conduct, and deciared that the duchies should form part of the Confederation? You are arming, said Prussia to Austri; and here the latter, in my age committed a fau! she should have replied, “Yes, 1am arming: world knows that I do not wish for the duchies, while you covet them for yourself, and at the present moment you are combining with Italy to make war on me, is why Iam arming.” Austria did not say so, but that does not change the situation. Yes, after having despoll- ed Denmark in the name of the Confederation, Prussia wishes to keep the booty, and because Austria’ will not consent Prussia is endeavoring to provoke a gencral war. (True, true; hear, hear.) I will now pass to another part uf the subject. The Germans for sme years past wwe been imbued with ideas, which, if kept within certain bounds, can in no way offend France, their neighbor, nor Europe. They do not like what they call the German nation, that is to say, the body of German States, to be represented by an assembly of diplomatists, men of ex- perience and learning, no doubt, but scarcely accessible to popular ideas; they do not like the constitution of the Diet, which renders its action neither prompt nor effica- cous. The Germans wish for more unity, which would enable their country to play a more considerable part in the world. Iam far from blaming those desires if cir- cumscribed within certain limits, but I beg the Germans to consider that in such ideas great prudence is neces- sary, and that the chief principle of European policy has at ali times been that Germany should be com of independent States, united by a federative intention was proclaimed by all Earop> at the Congress of Westphalia, was consecrated by Frederick the Great at the peace of Teschen, and when the allies left Paris in 1814 they felt the necessity of leaving to France some guarantee, which consist in renewing the great Eu- Topean principle that Germany should consist ot sepa- rate Powers, simply joined by a federa) union. The Con- gress of Vienna maintained that decison, and the Ger- mans must not forget that they would be infringing on the great principle of the balance of power in Europe, if Germany should cease to be composed of independ- ent States. Let them mistrust the sfforts of who is making use of German ideas to arrive at & different result, That fact is so evident that there is no impropriety in menioning it, (Hear, ear.) If an approaching wa was favorabie to Prussia. she would attempt to seze upon—not filty millions of Germans, for a Power doe: not increase from fourteen millions to fifty at once, hovever impetuous it may be (laughter)—but on some ‘of te States of North- ern Gert y, and those she did mt obtain would be placed under her influence. (Tho; hear.) Austria would be admitted to her protection, Then the Germanic empire, ins'cad of being centred at Vinna, would have ils seat at Berlin, and would press on th frontier of France; intead of vaning on Spain, like te empire of Charles the , at would be id by italy. (Movements of assent and dissent.) Can France favor such @ i? (No, no.) Go into the smallest villags and see wh: iden of aid: by i popular in France, N. And should that policy ‘an incense of it wou andr of Promee, (ain: chased at the sacrifice of the grandur nce. (Min- gied applause and dissent.) ‘Such s the eminently dan- gerous aim which you have the tght to oppose. You may do so in the name of the Gervans the: will bein the question of the dichies, To lend our- selves to the poltey of Prussia woud be to betray the in- teresta of @. But how s it to be ? ‘The government has sald to 4 “bave tata, and will maintain, neutrality." Ea but not sufficient, Has France no other means There dangerous policy than ols modes, any of which w sucoed, Prussia, “You are menacing the equilibrium and the peace of the world. not Austria, bat you. We will mt That would be the rudest manne: vise France to adopt it; but wold any blame her if she did? (Hear, art M. Jouus Favar—The renult wold then be war, is pot a crime; nor is it one to pent out to them the con- sequences of therr desiren. ‘Theresult of the are followin the policy of France, which ¢n With those consequences.” Tht form would be more oo yet sudiciently clear ube go still forther; if I had bd the honor of ing the affairs 1 toe oy " = given a single hoy her of one What can whom I have called an enter fees Italy entoring into his gage in a campaign by his to simple common sense. Car Doelieve that Italy will act witlhut our consent? (fen sation.) No—and that is whatconstitutes the gravil the sitaation. Count de Rismek, find! by Italy, may without much rehitess rauce herself would on someday or ‘That, 1 is the baw of which I iz : i E 8, Bp a it i z ; = i {i ‘a ; g i i not have been said. Take care that what has f late years may not make your declaration q Ttaly jnvedes Tuscany; -you blame her; then Naples; you blame her again; then she seizes of the States of the Holy See; you withdraw your ambassador; beh abe sill gore on 98 Daan _ T8875 5 4 tion by 6 engages wo for capital sad to renounce Rome. She replies both from the Tribune and in her journals that bas made no promise ot se sort, wee minis ne ana; ny she still sista, then op! presenge ee these, facts? That Italy has contract the habit of doing just what sho pleases all the time that she 4 censured by us, with a conviction that there will be no definitive bn ogherpe—er- ool altogether renounce Ope pport. 1 fear, ts tho knot the situation. You ought then to act more decidedly in respect to Italy. You should say to her, I will not undertake to tee you against any events; I will not in any case 4 ‘and if Austria, victorious, show/d exercise inst you all the war, I shall allow her to d» so, jon.) Were guage of France to be clear enough on this point, these ungrateful allies would, per- haps, understand you better, and perhaps even Count de Bismark would better comprebend the situation in which he is engaging hi (Movement.) I know that in eo speaking I may displease some of the friends of Italy, but to me France. is a country far dearer. (Great applause.) I say, then, that we ought to explain ourselves to Italy in such a way that the disapprobation of the present day may not resemble that of preceding years, (Movement.) By so expressing ourselves we may yet perbaps contribute something to the maintenance of peace; or, if peace is impossible, we may limit the consequences and rs of war, and ajookl have conor ia ents of may exuaustoa.stregui ‘object I have come, in spite of my to make this last effort in favor of peace, of the good of bar pra = honor of my government. (Pro- longed sensation and great Great agitation succeed and the sitting was sus- pended for nearly an hour aes en the proceedings were resumed, M. Jutes Favre rose and sald:—I adhero without re- serve to those elevated considerations on tbe violation of right in Germany; I wish to bear witness that if tho of the world has been troubled it was not by revo- EiGonary passions, but by the ambitious designs of some men who, in spite of public law, are endeavoring to in- creaso the tareliory in order to’ arrive at the frontier of France. I wish, however, to make a reserve with re- spect to one opinion expressed by M. Thiers, and which is not the point of view taken by myself or my friends, ‘The Chamber cannot forget the unity of feelings as well as of interests which join this nation to Italy. To France she owes her liberation; our soldiers evabled her to drive the enemy beyond the Mincio, but no one can forget that France took a more considerable engagement. I will not now examine the considerations which induced her not to fulfil it, but I will simply declare that ¢f Jialy wishes to reconquer Venetia, she has @ right to do so. (In- terruption. tdnhe seasvtes ter liberty of action. Several Voices—And the government also, M. Jutes Favre—I do not contest that assertion; but France will pe only completely exerc'sing that freedom on condition that she shali henceforth be no longer at the mercy of a single will, una that the opinion of the Chamber shall be placed in the balance. (Applause.) Rovugr—I propose, in the name of the govern- ment, to pass to the examination of the bill without any further discussion of the affairs of Germany. (Yes; hear). The declarations made by the government have been clear and categorical, and there would be a danger in pro- longing the debate. (Hear.) The aspect of things changes from one moment to another. Thus, while I was speak- ing to you I received an official declaration emanating from Italy, and by which she e: jes not to attack Aus- tria, (Hear, hear.) That proves that we should not im- prudently hasten to discuss questions so delicate, or in- volve the government in affairs which at each moment may be modified. (Loud and general marks of assent.) ‘The Prestpsyt—The general discussion is closed. We now proceed to vote on the articles. All the articles having been successively voted, a di- vision took place on the whole bill, which was adopted by 248 votes to 16. The sitting then terminated in the midst of considera- ble agitation. PROSPECT OF A CONGRESS, It was asserted m Paris that negotiations were being carried on between England, France and Russia for the assembling of a European Congress. [From the London Post, May 5.] We have reason to believe that active negotialions are on foot, with a viow to the assemblage of a Congress to determine the vexed questions which are at this mo- vend the cause of so much anxiety and danger to jurope. The Latest spatches. ‘Viexsa, May 4—Evening. Prussia is said to have declined all negotiations on the definitive solution of the question of the duchies, on the by Austria, Pant, May 5—P. M. The Memorial Dip! ique denies that France made energetic remonstrances at Vienna relative to Aus- trian armaments in Venetia, and says that the despatch sent to Vienna on the subject was couched in most cour- teous terms and solely requcsted confidential explana- tions respecting the object of the Austrian preparations. The Austrian ap resem replied, protesting it would maintain a strictly defensive attitude. ‘France accepted these explanations, and the result was a mutual understanding, accoraing to which, should Italy attack Venetia independently ot France,’ Austria will not secure for herself of the eventual results of victory without the deplomatic intervention of France. Itis asserted that one object of Austria in menacing Prussia and Italy isto force England to assent to the convention of a European Congress, IN, May 6, 1866. Prussia has declared to the Diet that the warllke prepa- rations on her part are entirely defensive. ‘Tho Austrian reply to the last Prussian note was con- clliatory ; but she declines to disavow under present cir- cumstances. Warlike preparations in Venetia were being pushed forward with rt ooetey. A popular demonstration has taken place at Padua, where great excitement prevails, ‘[t is rumored that Venetia will immediately be placed in a state of siege. THE ENGLISH BUDGET. Mr. Gladstone on National Commerce. THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL DEBTS—HIS OPINION OF THR DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES—THE GREAT TRADE RACE BETWEEN ENGLAND, THR UNITED STATES AND FRANCE—HOW ENGLAND MAY LOSE HER ADVANTAGE—THE SUPPLY OF COAL IN GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA, In the English House of Commons on the 3d inst. Mr, Gladstone made his annual financial statement. He showed that the actual expenditure of the £65,914.000, while the rove- bue £67,812,000. He had caleulated ‘on a@ loss to the revenue year of £4,028,000 by the remission of taxes, &c,, but the actual loss was only £2,386,000. For the ensuing year he estimated the ex- penditure at £06,225,000, and the revenue at £67,575,000, leaving a probable surplus of £1,360,000. He p to abolish the duty on timber and pepper; to equalize the duties on wine in bottles and in wood; to reduce the tax on stage carriages, &c., and to appropriate about £500,000 for the conversion of oe of the public debt into terminable annuities. measures would ba oa of about £1,064,000 of the surplus, it. Gladstone delivered a lengthened and most able ad- dress, in which he reviewed the commercial progress of the wortd—Old and New—and announced his inferences ‘ag to the effoct, by the existing rivalry, likely to be pro- daced on the commerce of England. The Chancellor said:—* * ® On the 3lst of March, 1857, the national debt had risen to £831,722,000; on the Sist of March, 1859, it was £823,034,000, ‘and’ on’ the Bist of March, 1966, it was £798,909,000. (Cheers) That 1s nominally a point somewhat Jower than it had stood at before; but it must be remembercd that we have can- celied two minor sinking fund stocks which formerly formed part of the nominal capital, so that, in fact, we say with substantial accuracy, for it is not necessary to icular to a million or a milion and a half, it has now just reached the point at which we have effaced the rerults of the Crimean war, and the debt thus stands at the bo gy nine poe ey ay the commencement of the year u It is not necessary to observe that there are seve- ral Senee very baie in themselves. We are in- aa TTT 3 3 H feait e : 2 i & E i i 2 i A 53 fy ql Perry ia i j H i rath “Hitt i it il eee : 8 5 Fi é i i Be iH b i j a | H j 532 ff fe ; : : i j i i ? 5 b i ! : ii #2 i i ie t ERALD, ‘THURSDAY, MAY 17, 1866.—?TRIPLE SHEET, is —but that in a time small limita, and may, even within the lifetime of persons now living, faced ime, ban) At Ps Jeaiest ve, paying war ant amount of the revenue of the United Staves is not less, J appre- hend, than about cighty millions of money, the largest sum ever raised in country for the purposes of a central government. The estimated surplus is from twenty to thirty millions sterling a year, and I believe at Present only about ten millions of their taxation are menaced by the natural impatience of the people with Tespoct to some of the taxes that have been imposed. the finance minister of that couniry, seagy ertee th licy of reducing the debt, and I uw the luc! e del am aulte cortaie 4 that From this side of the athe shall tend him a hearly expression wishes for his suc- cee ee “the wel Let of @ friendly and because it that tie example America will react (Cheers.) But have gentlemen who aid attention to the stealthy man- borrowing is becoming the stand- ing vice of almost Agere gree gee im Europe? Ido not speak now with regard to that uncasy state of things in which the continent is at this moment liable to be in- volved. We hope that neither unrestrained ambition nor neglect of the rules of prudence will deprive Europe of the inestimable blessings of peace. (Cheers.) But I ask the House to consider how enormuusly important the practice of the governments of Europe with regard to the contraction of debt is becoming. I have here the national debts of nine countries in Europe, estimated from the most trustworthy data I couid obtain. I find that, with the exception of Holland’s, there is not one of these that has not been virtually contracted in the last half century, and by far the larger part of them has been contracted during the last twenty years—a time of peace; for if there has been any war expenditure added to them during that time itis insignificant in amount. Holland, 1 find, acts pradently, and reduces her debt, while the finances of Prussia are a model of good admin- istration, for Prussia’s debt stands at £43,000,000, and Holland's at £85,000,000. Russia’s debt is estimated at 279,000,000 and Austria's at £316,000,000. The debt of France is not a capital debt, and it is difticult to estimate it with accuracy. It is made up of rentes of twenty- three ycars purchase, and, as nearly as possible, it amounis to 000,000. It is the largest of tese debts, yet, beewiso of the immense resources of the country, and the energy and wonderful thriftiness of its people, one need, perhaps, feel loss anxiety for its fature security and strength than for the stability of any other European government. Italy's debt stands at 152,000,000, and it is increasing with portentous strides, The debt of Spain amounts to £145,000,000; Portugai’s is estimated at £33,- 000,000, and the debt of Turkey, which } believe to be entirely a modern institution, principally created since the Crimean war, amounts to £51,000,000. The great bulk of these debts, amounting altogether to one th sand five hundred millions, have accumulated in a time of peace, and have not boen thrown upon the several countries during a struggle for life. Iwill not trouble the committee with details of their rate of increase; but, omitting Holland, which has decreased its debt, and omitting Prussia, which does not babitually increase it, ‘and omitting Spain also, which keeps its debt nearly at an equilibrium—(laughter)—we have six of the nine countries who have managed to increase their debts during a time of peace at the annual rate of £61,000,000 sterling. And this is growing, for, like other bad’ habits, debt-making has a tendency to spread. Europe should thereore know the increase, and look at it from the right point of view. It is spending in a time of peace the resources of war: exactly as if ma year of good harvest the country speat the whole of that good harvest, and haif another harvest beside; and it should be remembered that if peace be preserved in Europe for tho rest of the century, the debts of these nine countries at the present rates of increase would amount to nearly 000, 000, These are really porientous circumstances. 1t is not merely the money engugements; that is coin- paratively a litle matter, It is not ouly a very great mischief that sixty or seventy millions should be dravn away from useful profitable purposes for what is even worse than unproductive Sore eee #8 an enor- mous political and sc ch ts being gradual’ stored up ly this moat improwident course, There Geanine $0 insidious, a leart we know of nothing s insidins, as ncial difieul'y. It approaches you in the first mno- ment with smiics and caresses. The expedient of bor- rowing appears at the first temptation to be open to no objection whatever, It is like what the poot described in the lines :— Parva metu primd; mox sese attollit in aura: Ingrediturque solo, et caput iutor nubia condit. And it ts more like that which one of the Greek tragedies describes of the cub of the lioncss, which, having been fncautiously taken by the hunter to his home, is reared with his dogs and petted by his children; it fawns upon everyone while it remains a cub, but when it grows tu its strength its meekness suddenly forsakes it, and, coming out in its terror, it deluges the whole house with the gure one Mind bile likin ie difficulties, ey in witl m a ing address, and Ww BO gradually that you are wont to put off t evi a of reckoning; but you will novertholess have to look it in the fave some day, and that may be when the difficulties have become actually insurmountable. (Hear, hear.) 80 much for other countries; and now let us look at our own. I must ask you to bear with me while I endeavor to point out what | take to be the true state of our own case, I address myself to the whole committee, and especially to gentlemen opposite, and those who say, and say truly, that they interested in the land and tixed special interest concerned in the subject I am about to consider it is the interest of the landea ty. Inthe first place, then, tet tbe remembered that w+ are livi in a commercial era, the prospects of which it 13 almost im- possible (0 0) , from their magniiude, Every five years the rate of increase is continually shifting, and always shifting upwards. The liberation of indutru, the progress of invention, the seady investigation of scicne:, the Sere habits, are all combining t to induce the lusion that in the days of our chitdhocd, when we thought the e'mmerce of England was a swonderfu thing, aud that the commerce of the world was wonder- ful; ‘and when we an idea that @ century's de- velopment had brought about almost a mountain of transfurmation, e oresult was, in int of fact, nothing but an infant in the cradle, But it was an infant Hercules that has ever sinco been bursting its bonds; and, depend upun it, great asis the extension to which it has now reached, in all Ukelihood it will go on extending still more in the future. We are not prophets here, but it fs our duty, although we must refrain from doymatizing, to estimate proba- bilities as well us we can and, like wise men, permit our- selves to be guided by the Balance of probability. Dur- tng the next twenty or thirty years, then, or more, for I cannot pretend to name a time, we are to look for a still farther development and extension of the commerce of this country, which is now in the , L appre. end, at least three fold what it was five and twenty Well, eee has been increasing at a jess rat? than five and twenty Vad cent, while our com- merce has been multiplied three times; and this, we mast fairly presume, will goon. Now the great agents of production are three: first we land and fized tal; secondly, we have movable or transferrible capital; ond we have us consider, for ts. A race ® 19g Op bekwemn mations, ia industry and ent 3 no doubt can exist as to what nation is at this moment foremost im the race. The = i iz i ‘ crease in our production consumption of coal; in- Good, the consumption Bas become such that the minds of the ‘est among our scientific authorities have been turned to the question, inquiry has been raised ‘as to what will be the influence upon our if our consumption continue to increase, and I ven! to ex- press the opinion that it willcontinue. But for the present argument! ask you to consider this:—As- — PEt EE Ce ee eae ue for many gemerations to produce prives not ih the W> i ex enoug! to ony hit expenses a taining Fentilation, keeping down the aren and such matters, will be eoonomised by ae con- give us other woll as there ts no ais : Se yon noaan Cr abe Soh el alt 2 Gk be ‘ beneficially on main as @ Pp 0 on houses and works of the country. I wish could convey to the House the impression which of this Sune, maken on ey owe mind, and I trust I take no unworthy viow of it. Upon'the resulta: arrived. at, by able and skilful stabi- cians who, under the authority of the government, have made inquiries into the matter, Mr. Hulme the quantity of coal in the United Kingdom within 4,008 feet of the surface at 83,000 million tons. He states that in 1854 \ption was 64,000,000; in 1861 it wae f Based on these numbers the computed am nual rate of growth in the consumption is 3.7 per cent. Now, not taking it at so much as 3.7 but taking it at&6 per cent, this would give the annual consumption in 1962 ‘as 2,607 millions of tons; and by 1970, 104 years from ue time, the consumption will Foal rome Saas jon or a greater qu: e known hope aveniniets Great Britain within 4,000 fees of the surface. I believe that long before we reach thas consumption the causes will be found in operation from which an. increase in price will follow. Mr. Jevons, whose statistic my honorable friend, the member for Westminster, has quoted, has gone very futly and carefully into the facts, and he holds a similar opinion in respect of our coal supply to that which E have just stated. Honorable membors remember the statemiont made two years ago by Sir William Armstrong. Sir Jobn Herschel agreed with Mr. Jevons, as I believe does Dr. Percy also, I myself bave had an opportunity of communicating with my distingnished friend Str Roderick Murchison. on the subject, He, for years, has believed the matter to be one of the very gravest order, aud one demanding our most earnest consideration. (Hear, hear.) In vain would it be to think of stopping the consumption of coal.in this country: im vain woul it be to think of diminishing that consumption by we imposition of a tax; and it would be more vain still to think of prohibiting its exportation. [An honorable member expressed dissent.] I am- only giving my own opinion; I ‘shall not enter into that matter now—(lear, hear)—I merely wish te remark that, even ‘could we lim't the consumption of coal, I think it is perfectly obvious that we cannot continue to supply coal in unlimited quuntitics at the present iow prices for an unlimited time—or say, for one or two centuries, In the} face of such a state of things in the futuro, we ought to make preparations for it, and the way to do that is by using moderate and reasonable efforts to rid ourselves of our éncumbrances, (Hear, hear.) As those who are to come alter us may have te encounter difficulties of which we have no practi knowledge, wo ought not to baud down to them in their worst form diliicultics which it is in our power to alievi- ate. * * * J hope that Ihave not been unwittingly led to prophesy, orto do anything miore than to give such sketches of the future as will appear provable an@ present a tair‘and reasonable claim upon the atten- tion of prudent men. Regarding the statements I have made I would not say more than this:— ‘Tne facts which 1 have laid before the House are grave facis, urgent, inteod, withincertain hmits, Al- though, perhaps, the proper business on these occasions is td autiodatoe the Atactat proposals for the ycar, it did seom r ght to us, actuated as we believed by grave and Teasoanble causes, to cast our glances into futunty ap@ endeavor in some degree to meet those demands wI might justly be made upon us, so that when we cease te apply ourselves to our arduous tasks—and when I say “we Ido not moan the government, but honorable members who now constitute this House—when we have passed away from active life, those who come after ua may have reason to confess that in the provisions made for our own sons we have taken some thought of them, and that our conduct bas not been such as to excite their regret or condemnation. (Cheer. ) ‘the right honorable gentleman concluded certain forma! resolutions calculated to give e! to the —— indicated in the financial stateméut givem ve. The English papors generally approve the bi London Times remarks that if it bas no other attention it will deserve to be remembered as that im which the duty of the passing generation (» posterity, im reference to the national debt, was frat insisted upon by | a Chancellor of the Exchequer. ' The Prize ;Ring. j PREPARATIONS 1 OR TUE FIGHT BETWEEN MAOB AND Goss. From the London Sportsman, May 6.) If the duly staking of the periodical’ deposits be aay } criterion of the genuineness of the above match, thea the usual £10 instalment put down yesterday (Friday) makes it more apparont that business is meaut, The stakeholder now holds £150 of each man’s money, an@ another de of £10 aside on Friday, May 11, will bring it to £160, and the floal deposit of £40.each iste | be made in the Derby week, Friday, May 18. It woald be premature to sp culate #9 the rmals, bat both _ reported to be in splendid trim, and Goss ready, his str.ct attention to hard work, brought bimeelf withtm the mark, under the able guidance of W. Loakes. Mace, ‘5 is well known, is always ready. There will ape cial meeting of the representatives of the men on y next at the final stakotoider’s, when the fixture will be determined, if possible; but we have no doubt that all will bs amicably setiied,’as the arrangements have left in the hands of the parties who have brought such affairs of late so very satisfuctorily. ‘The near approach of tie time invests tho matter with increased interest, and in our improssion of next Satan day we have no doubt we shall be able to give some fas ther interesting particulars The International Seulling Match. HAMILL'S ARKIVAL IN ENGLAND. j {From the London Sportsman, May 6.] Just as we were on the point of going to press were | ceived a telegram informing us that Hamill, the chem — pion souller of America, arrived at Newcastle Inst even~ ing, accompanied oy his bro: ler and his trainer, ran. As stated clsowhere, Robert Chambers and old Harry Clasper left Newcastle for Liverpoo! on Tu last, igen to ——— = gallant viritor L Engi! groun |, OM the arrival of the party at a } the station was literally besioged with a dense crowd eager Tynesiders, who gave the American a most enthe- siastic reception. After visiting several of the lead- po sporting houses the party called at the — of of the Nowcastle Chronicle, and thence ad- journed to Clasper’s hotel, where a very pleasaut | evening was spent. Hamill is expected to make nis debut on the Tyne this morning, and his first perform ance afloat 18 looked forward Lo with the greatest excite- ment by the Tynesidors, who are all vory favorably im fereee with bis appearance. Our telegram describes — im as bearing close resemblance both in height and build to Robert Cooper, but broader and stronger and, 28 far as looks go, a very promising candidate the championship. fis 18 said to have expressed himself | exceedingly gratilied by bis reception at Newcastle, an@ has atranjod to visit London early next week, and will call at our office immediately after his arrival. Thus far, therefore, the prospects of tne long-taiked-of international match are in every respect most promising, and notwithstanding the persistent manner in which some of our contemporanes have thought mt to throw cold water on the whole affair, the arrival of the American must effectually dispel all doubts as to the bona fide nature of his intentions. All that now | remains to be done is to adjust one or two minor pointe tn the terms, and as these present no substantial did | calty which cannot be settled by a personal juterview between the principals, we have every hope of being able to announce in our next iacue that the preliminaries | of the second great international match for the champl- onship of the world have been sat! y arranged. Whatever may be the ultimate result we may rest) assured that Hamill will meet with a worthy and gener ous opponent, who would scorn to stoop to either meam ‘ness or sabterfuge, and should the American succeed im his chivalrous Cre to win for iow World the Same? ‘no true Euglishman will grudge bim hw ju Ly LONDON MONEY MARKET. Manchester Guardian (Clty Article) [From thi , fands this my morning in pets = advance of \, there was subsequently a relapaa, ‘The apprehensions of war seemed to ve a littio ioas un gent, and at the same time the tendency of the for money, went 10 8654, and closed at 86% a for money, and 87 a 814, ‘oF 8536 a 8545 ex dividend, ents of the Oi well. Atthe z : i g < cy ny 3 i ndget. claim te |