The New York Herald Newspaper, April 29, 1866, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNBR OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS cash in » advance attho risk of the seuder. New York taken. THE DAILY HERALD, published every day im the year, Four conts per copy. Annual subscription price, $14 THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at Five ‘conta por copy. Annual subscription price:— ee sent by mail will be Nono but bank bills current in Postage five conta sit copy for three months. ‘Volume XXXI . No. 119 AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING, BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway, alrect.—Mazerra. WOOD'S THEATRE, Broadway, opposite the St. Nicholas Hotel.—Tuw Exvss—Nan Tux Goop vor Noruina. near Broome TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSRK, 201 Bowery —Sina- 3a, Dancing, Bumuesques, 40.—Tux Fairy Guakpian. GEORGE CHRISTY'S. Somoor or MinstResy, pe, Musigat Guus. ifth Avenue Opera House, Nos. 2 and jest Twenty-fourth sireet.—Tuk SkeLrron ‘Wernnss, BAN Learn pd MINSTRELS, 535 Broadway, oppadtis m jtan Holel.—Brm@ior.aN Sinaia, Dancing, &c.— ‘8 co Briganp. BRYANTS' MINSTRI sway.-NwaRo Comite pins, DOPWORTH HALL, 806 Broadway.—First Gaanp Con- own or Miss Euva Munvinus. Mechanics’ Wall, 472 Brovt- 3, Buriesques, &0.—Les Miskr- COOPER INSTITUTE. Astor Place.—Granp Concert Por tan Bawerer ov tue Cyanieston Onrnan AsyLum. HOOLEY'S OPBRA HOUSE, Brooklya.—FEruroriax Mine gruuisy—BALLads, Buniesgues any Paxrowinas. BROOKLYN ATHENAUM.—Rosear Hniiee, tae Great Lonsyron. GERMANIA ASSEMBLY ROOMS, 28 Bowery.—Inisn WNarionan Fat. NEW YORK MUSEUM O¥, ANATOMY, 618 Broadway.— pen from 104. M. till 10 P NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN, Corner of Twenty- (luird atreet and Fourth avenue.—Exiisition or OUIGINAL ‘ouES BY LIVING ARTISTS. SUNDAY EVENING.—: ep Conomet at THR Firrn venus Ormea House, Nos. 2 and 4 West Twenty-fourth st. SUNDAY EVENING.—Mn. G, W. Moncan's Oncaw Cox- ‘count, at Brving Hall WITH SUPPLEMENT. Now York, s aay, April 29, 1866. RECONSTRUCTION. ‘Tho Joint Committee on Reconstruction in session yes- torday agreed to offer their report on Monday, ‘The in- Junction of secrecy having been removed, we are enabled €o furnish the propositions offered in their plan for restoration, which they propose as an amendment to the Constitution:—No State shall deny to any person within its limits the equal protection of the law. The represen- Cation clause limits the apportionment to enfranchised tmalos, All tho ex-rebels are disfranchised as tar as voting for United States officers is concerned, until 41870. No claim or debt in aid of the rebellion or for slaves omancipated, is to be paid or recognized. A Dill for tho restoration to full political rights of the Southern States, provides that the Representatives nd Senators of any State, lately in rebellion, ratifying @uch amendment, shall be admitted into Congress if @uly clected. A poriod of ton yoars is allowod to any -of tho rebel States who accept tne amendment, to pay the debt duo in 1861. Tho bill declares Davis and Stephens, all foreign agents, the heads of departinents, former United States Congressmen and olficeholders who @avo aid to the robellion, all officers above colonol in ho army and master in the rebel navy, Governors of #tates, and all who treated prisoners barbarously, to be Enoligible to hold oMce under the government of the United States. EUROPE. ‘The steamship Hermann, from Southampton on the U7Tth inst., arrived at this port early this morning. Her tows is two days later. ‘It was rumorod in Hamburg on the 14th inst., although without foundation, that Count Bismark had resizned. ‘An attempt was made to assassinate the Emperor of ‘Busia on the 15th inst, Our correspondent in Bordeaux, France, notices the @rrival at and stay in that port of an English screw @teamer, the Henriette, said to be intended for the Chilean service, She is commanded by Captain Hunter Davidson, an ex-rebel American officer, who served on the Merrimac in Hampton Roads. The majority of her Officers have also been engaged in the late Confederate avy. The vessel was boing made realy for sea, and her Presence caused a good deal of comment. Matters remain about as before reported in Germany. ‘The proposal of Prussia to resort to universal suffrage {and a German Parliament, as a means of settling the war AiMoulty with Austria, excited the Paris Bourse greatly, Perious and fatal collisions have taken place between ‘tho Italian troops and the citizens of Remini. An oxhibit of the strength and classification of the Ttatian navy appears in our columns, A British workingman, named Crowther, delivered a Feally cloquont and significant speech on the reform question, ia which he dréw a marked line between the Fights of his class and tio assumed rights of the aristoc- tary, and contrasted the services of both classes in build- ing up England's greatness American Jive-twenties advanced one half per cent, CONGRESS. ‘Tho Senate was n wession yestorday. In the House, in accordance with previous notice, the ay was Covoted to debate on the President's annual tmossage, Mr. Moorhead, of Pennsylvania, eulogized the Morrill tariff as the great agency which brought the pountry to material prosperity through the war. Mr Wontworth, in speaking of the proposed grant of the Northern Pacific Railroad to Mr. Galt, of Canada, said he was opposed (9 a union of Now England with old Eng- tang THE CITY. ‘The chetora is cen racing at the Lower Quarantine. Five deaths have tax ee place aud thirteen additional cases ‘been received on Hoarh tie Falc nee Dr. Bissell made Hig tant report. The whole numbor omatning in the hospi- tal is ninet , beting an increase of eight since the last Foport. Dr. Swinburws, in a communication to the Board jt of matters on ty of the dis- peof-war Sara (oga was anchored in the lower bay on Friday night and Will be used for quarantine purpo: A meeting of the Young Men's Howard Association wns held at 106 Broadway yesterday afternoon, when y steps were taken to provide nurses and y be eltacked with cholera ly explaining the objects Of the association was distr According to the report of {oalth officer, the aum- bor of deaths in the city of work was 142, @ slight increase over the prev Of the deaths 4 wore non, 45 boys and 27 girls The Principal cau death were consumption, disease of Aho heart a, disea © brain and conval- aions. The ails to ¢ is by typhus fever, several o ush hospital. Thore w at r ank forms of license, onder th Jaw, at the various precinct otrb'og houses yer as the .cap- thine would not vou were ¢ © Inspector Of Excise, who will . ach one to be nd decide « mitted to te- main open, W 1 t going on, how: Over, their businers will © ed with. Su Tucker gives notice that the trial ealondar of Aaaucs of fact will commence on the 4(h of May. During last week the wifls of the following named bs Wore admitted to probate in the Surrogate’s @ourt of Kings county.—Jas, M. Farrington, Feany , N. Miller, John Whitesides and Geo, Moore, all ‘of Brooklyn, Letter: of adralnisteation were granted Qu the cetatry of the late Mary 8 Lamb, Geo. L. NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, APRIL 29, 1866.—WITH SUPPLEMENT Thatcher, Catharine Freedigs, Thos, B. Watson, 8. A. Ulrich and Joha Shorter, all of Brooklyn. In the United States Commissioners Court yesterday a case came up before Commissioner Osborn in which a woman named Rosa Collins was charged with attempt- ing to pass a counterfeit fifty dollar bill on Jonas Levi, of No, 25 avenue ©. The accused was committed for further examination, Magdalena Wunderly, the administratrix of Michael Wunderly, her husband, who was killed by the tug ‘Thomas Cornell running against a drawbridge, which he was opening, has recovered two thousand dollars damages against the owner of the tug in the Circuit Court of Brooklyn. Tho Rev. Father James O'Farrell, who died on Thurs- day at Clifton, S. L, was buried yesterday from St. Joseph’s church, Sixth avenue, The deceased was for- merly assistant priest at St. Joseph's, and was lately transferred to Staten Island. A large number of the Catholic clergy of the diocese and his friends attended the obsequies yesterday, and escorted the remains to the vault in St, Patrick’s cathedral, A mass meeting of the shipjoiners was held last evening at No. 21 avenue D, at which speeches were made by members of the association and resolutions passed expressing a determination to adhere to the eight hour movement until 1t be universally recognized. Jvbn Meyer, an oysterman, was arraigned before Justice Dowling yesterday for stealing $1,082 in green- backs from a stranger whom he inveigled into a Chatham street clothing store. A fire occurred yesterday morning at 553 Broadway, occupied by Mrs. Mary A. Baker, Loss about one thou- sand eight hundred dollars, The stock market opened firm and closed dull yester- day. Governments were quiet, Gold closed at 1283, a % There was less excitement in commercial circles yesterday than on Friday, and the markets were more settled. Commercial values were well sustained as a general thing, but there were few changes of note in’ prices current, A good business was done for Saturday. Sugar was very tirm. Coffee rather heavy. Refined petroleum firmer. Cotton dull out unchanged. Dry goods dull and droop- ng. Freights to Europe very slow. MISCELLANEOUS. . Mr. Killian has followed the example of his Fenian warriors, and loft Eastport. Before abandoning the field he wrote to General Meade, asking if arms intended to protect fishermen in their labors were to “bo seized, General Meade replied that he should seize all arms in- tended to disturb neutrality, and, moreover, arrest all persons engaged in such work. Mr, Killian left soon after, The De Soto and Winooski gre lying in the port of Eastport, and the Augusta was steaming in at the hour of our despatches, The commissioners from British North America ap- pointed with a view to inquiring into the best means of opening commercial intercourse between the West Indies and the British provinces in North America have returned, and report very favorable progress in that direction. The convention between the empire of Japan and the governments of the United States, Great Britain, France and Holland, providing for the payment to these govern- ments of the sum of three millions of dollars for indem- nities and expenses, has been officially proclaimed by the President. The Secretary of the Treasury has issued a circalar giving notice that the receipt of deposits on account of temporary loans, except for clearing house purposes, will be discontinued at Washington, Now York, Phila- phia, Boston, Baltimore and Cincinnati, The United States steamer Wachusett arrived at Ma- nila, China sea, on February 21, from Batavia. Yesterday the trial of Antonie Probst forthe murder of the Deering family, in the neighbgrhood of Philadelphia, on the 7th of April, was conciuded, the jury returning a verdict against hii of murder in the first degree. Probst will be brought up on Tuesday next for seutence. Tuere were great crowds surrounding the Court House where he was tried, during the day, and it was with difficulix the polive escorted him in safety to the prison van, In Raleigh. N. C., yesterday, an attachment for the arrest of Genetal Ruger for refusing to recognize a writ of Labeas corpus issued in favor of Major Gee was served by order of Judge Fowler. General Ruger refused to be arrested, and the case awaits the decision of the Presi- dent. A tire involving a large loss occurred in Portland yes- terday. Dr. Marsden, of Quebec, who has originated a plan of quarantine for cholera, is on his way to lay it before the President in Washington, The crops in the West and South give promise ot a certainly average and porhaps abundant yield. ‘The first appearance of the wheat in the spring was quite dis- couraging, and it was thought to be more than half winter killed, but the Iater reports are more favorable, Fruit, particularly apples, pears and grapes, gives good signs, but peaches, in many localitios of the West, are disastrously nipped in the bud. In the South the high price of cotton stimulates the planters to put down a great deal of ground in that staple, to the neglect of wheat and corn, The estimated yield of cot- ton is above two million bales. In Tennessee and Ken- tucky much less than the usual amount of tobacco will be raised, and the sngar crop in the Southwest, with the rico crop in the Southeast, will be well nigh failures, Napoleon and Mexteco—A Step Towards an Armistice with Juarez. From the extracts of a recent despatch to the Secretary of State from Mr. Bigelow, cur Min- ister at Paris, which we published yesterday, it is apparent that the Emperor Napolean, having resolved to withdraw from Mexico, in consid- eration of his friendly relations towards the United States, is anxious to come to an under- standing with Juarez, for the suspension of hostilities between the liberals and imperial- ists, in order that the French evacuation may be expedited, and without any further useless effusion of blood. Mr. Bigelow writes to Mr. Seward (January last), that in @ conversation with M. Drayn de Lhuys, the question was put to the latter, “whether it would not be possible in some way to arrest the useless and demoralizing war- fare that was carried on in Mexico between Maximiiian and the Juarists,” while the work of the French evacuation was going on. The French Minister for Foreign Affairs replied that “he wished there was;” that “the atroci- ties practised were really too dreadful to speak of; but he did not know of anything he could do to discourage them, and asked if I (Mr. Bigelow) had anything to suggest.” Mr. B. then intimated that he thought the Juarisis could be brought to terms; that “we had rela- tions (as the French government was aware) with Senor Romero (the accepted representa tive of the Mexican republic at Washington), and that anytbing that he (M. Drayn de Lhuys) would authorize me to say we should be most happy to say, of course, that would have a tendency to terminate this brutalizing strife. His Excellency promised to epeak of this, and also of the form of the assurance we had been discussing, to the Emperor.” This is the latest information we have from Mr. Bigelow on the subject; but we think it opens the door to a peaceful Freuch evacuation of Mexico, by an arrangement through the mediation of the United States between Napoleon and Maxi- milian on the one side, and Juarez, in the name of the Mexican republic, on the other, There are many good reasons for the adop- tion of this course, and none to justify its re- jection, The French troops sustaining Maxi- milian are to be withdrawn. We regard it as out of the question that Austria, in the face of her dangers at home, and the strong remon- strances of our government, “will or can under- take to replace those French troops. But with- out some compromise with the liberals the ro- call of the first French instalment will shut up Maximilian in his capital, or compel him, with great losses in men and material, to fight his way to Vers Craz. It has been reported that he contemplates a heavy draft upon the native Mexicana; but as in this expedient he will only be arming the liberals we think it catitied to no serious attention. Ina word, the affairs of his imperial house in Mexico and in Austria are in such a critical state that Maximilian must retire from Mexico with the French. If the suspension of French reinforcements has already resulied in shortening his jines, and in aseries of important successes to the 'iberals, from the valley of the Rio Grande to th Pacific coast, what else but his complete overthrow can follow his efforts to maintain his throne with any material reduction of his remaining French troops? M Druyn de Lhnys says that “the atro- cities practised” in the war carried on between Maximilian and the Juarisia “are too dreadful 0 speak of.” We know but little of them ; but we can imagine what they are from the fact that the war, on the part of Maximilian, has been proclaimed a war of extermioa'ion, That the atrocities thus committed against the lib- erals will surely be remembered by them with the opportunity for retaliation we cannot doubt, and that they will soon have the opportunity, unless restrained by-a satisfactory armistice, is morally certain. We hope and trust, accord- ingly, that the hint thrown out by our Minister at Paris will be acted upon by Napoleon; for, through the mediation of the United States, he and Maximilian may retire without financial losses and without further bloodshed. Nay, more, without loss to ourselves we can secure in a manner satisfactory to all the interests of foreign commerce, the indemnities of Napolecn, the perquisites of Maximilian, and the re-estab- lishment of the Mexican republic on the basis of law, order, international good faith and com- mercial fair play. An armistice with Juarez through the agency of the United States is therefore the true course for Napoleon and Maximilian. Art and Auctions—The Swindles at Pic- ture Sales. We publish this morning a report of a very curious and amusing scene which occurred at a picture sale conducted ‘by Mr. H. H. Leeds, at the old DusseldorfGallery. The auctioncer and the owner of the collection were very in- dignant on account of a criticism which ap- peared in our columns a few days ago, im- peaching the veracity ot the calalogue of the pictures to be sold. The catalogue stated that in the collection were paintings by Rubens, Titian, Carlo Dolci, Vandyke, Teniers, Poul Veronese, Wouvermans, Cuyp, Murillo, and other famous artists, and the auctioneer offered to give certificates of the authenticity of these works. We thought that almost every sen- sible person knew thal there are tew if any of the original pictures of these masters in this country, and that they would not bo hawked about at auctions if they were hero; but, in order to guard ignorant buyers from the possibility of being deceived by the glib protestations of the auctioncer, our critic very properly informed the public of the real tac:s | of the case, At this the auctionvor and | the owner took great umbrage; an when the sale was resumed on Frid: evening threats were made to forsibly eject our critic from the room, and a couple of irate individuals indulged im the moa! iran- tic but unsuccessful efforts to discover him. The public had taken the alarm, however, and all the eloquence of the auctioneer could not persuade them to bid high for the paiutiny « The more he raved against the Haran sod he | louder he boasted of the genuineness of ‘be works he offered the more tne bidders ssemed to be convinced of the deception aiiempie: to be practised, and the consequence was that peintings cainloguod as by “the old masters” | thy sold for about the value of their frames. Very few of our readers will need to be told tha: if these paintings had been genuine some of them would have been worth their weight in goii and others could not have been purchased at | any price. The fan of the performance on F iday even- ing would not have been complete without ‘a announcement that the establishment wiica + had so thoroughly exposed wou'd not adverii+« any longer in the New York Hexaup, nouncement does not at all surprise us. Like some of the theatrical managers, these auc- | tioneers of bogus pictures are alraid of ovr candid and impartial criticisms. They are in the condition of Jeff Davis—they want to be let alone. Their business is no better than that of the Peter Funks who used to infest this city, and a public exposure of their shams is fatal to them. If there be any law to reach them we hope to see them advertised in the police reports and sent to Sing Sing’ to keep company with Burnham, the mock auctioneer. We do not apply these remarks solely to the instance to which we have before aliuded, but to all sales in which picture dealers try to de- lude their customers into the belief that they are buying the works of Rubens, Titian and Carlo Dolci. In the present case Mr. Smith, of Philadelphia, and Mr. Leeds, the auctioneer, may possibly err through ignorance. The de- ceivers may also be deceived. They may con- scientiously believe that origina worka by the most celebrated artists are as plentiful and as cheap as oilcloth. They may not be aware of the fact that such works are almost priceless and that any art gallery in this country or Europe would be glad to purchase them no matter how high the figure at which they are held. Some accident of which we know noth- ing may have compelled Mr. Smith, of Phila- delphia, to sell what he believed to be his Paul Veronese, his Vandyke and his Teniers at auc- tion for what he can get. He may be an en- thusiastic and benevolent gentlemen, anxidus to disperse great works of art among the people and therefore willing to take fifteen, fitty and two hundred dollars for paintings which would be cheap at fifteen, fifty and one hundred thousand if they were what he represents, Mr. Leeds, who has sold many pictures, may have been deluded into thinking that these paintings were really by the old masters, and his conscience may have pormiited him to offer them at prices about equal to those brought by good photogisph:. We give the parties concerned the benefit of every doubt. We make every possible allowance fur human credulity, But after oll this the fact remains that these pictures were not by Carlo Dolci and the other masters, and thus Messrs, Smith and Leeds can only escape the charge of deception by pleading an ignorance 60 gross as to prove them incompetent to condavt pic- ture sales in an intelligent community. We are glad to say that the American peo- ple are making rapid advances in their devo- tion to art, Thousands of dollars are axpended for victures in this city every week. There are This au- numbers of very excellent private collections here, and few first class residences are up- adorned by paintings. American artists aro well patronized. Foreign artists find Sere a ready market for good pictures. The love of art is spreading through almost all classes of our population. The galleries are well attemled and artistic receptions are among our jnost fashionable reunions. Of course wher) there are so many buyers some of them buy iojudiciously and are badly swindled. They learn the names of the great artists, and wher a picture by such an artist is advertised and in impudent fellow offers to give a written guanntee of its genuineness, they are very likely to purchase it. Some of the picture dealers take advaniage of this disposition and impese upon the uninitiated by eelling mere copivs and daubs for original works. It is to protect, to advise and to warn the public against bad pictures and bogus pictures, and to inform the public about the style and the prices of good pictures that we publish criti- cism; upon the fine arts, We care nothing abort the picture dealers and tho auctioneers and their advertisements, ao far as our oriti- cisms are concerned. Ifa person advertises in the Heratp he does so to attract public attention to what he has to sell or to what he wishes to purchase, and he gets the full worth of his money in the publicity afforded by pur unequalled circulation. What we may chopse to say of hfs pictures, his theatre or his| artists is quite another matter. Our opinions cannot be purchased nor suppresred. We write for the good of the public and must therefore write impartially and independ- eniy. In this spirit our criticisms are pub- lished, and if anybody is injured by having the truth told, 80 much the worse for the injured patties. Other papera adopt a different prin- ciple. Pay their price and they will endorse all that their advertisers may say of bogus Murillos and Vandykes. Mr. Smith is evidently astonished to find that his advertisement has not secured our praises for his pictures. He comes from Philadelphia, where Daly bought up the dramatic critics with an oyster supper. Perhaps the Philadelphia art eritics aro for sale algo. If so, why did not Mr. Smith dispose of his collection at Philadelphia? Advertise- men's or no advertisements, we assure the public that no genuine works of the old mas- ters are ever sold cheap at auction, and we urge (am to buy the genuine works of living ariists in preferonce to poor copies of famous paintings. We also urge our artists to be more careful in their labors, to give us fewer and better pictures, and not to disgrace themselves and their country by inferior productions waich only tend to mak2 people prefer those bad psintiags that are gilded by great names. Charity and Charitubte lnstitations, The Qaean of England jes just performed fn act ‘he parallel of which is not to be found in the history of the British Crown, She has puilicly complimented an American citizen apon an act of munificence well deserving yel commendation, The poor of London wiil long ¢ sn the memory of a gentleman iverniity as Mr. George Pea- ud the affluent will be example (0 fresi and more ed devds of churity. ‘y ‘* smoog the brightest virtues of nation, T. not oaly covers » mul- )! sins, bul it is a most seceptable offe:- the throne of licaven, The cox sor ion npon the ii ony of mankind, is umong senseliont in human fae . bread apon the waters and i wills 9 youn meny days”? So after he of cheritable acia will the come to (lis so neenls Of disast: ly duty Las been H wa aniver a) i ‘ Be i 1 arliable saviety t ood is yap iby exeoi ion ne poor ye h viway al- feviage 9 Bul the spirit of (onder chariiable dispos.ion ony coufiaed lo any ‘par ‘ thity. To remove trouble om ihe griciworn is among tue noblesi wabvitions aud should ny be absolutely restric'ed v f The charitable sucieties in iis eivy of this description. Thore are Ca, Pro testant, Masunic, Odd Fe!lows aud nimeron other institutions established on the basis of charity that confiae their deods of goodness ww their own members. Why cannot churiabi institutions be created in a great cily like ths that shall know no sect, no nationality, no favoritism, no partisanship, but be at ouce a home for the distressed and decrepit in ali ranks and classes of society and an hog- or to the metropolis. Here is a splen- did opportunity for our rich men—Stewar!, Vanderbilt and others—to emulate the exampic of the American millionaire in London, and found an institution of charity that will stand without a rival in the world. Let the noble- hearted ladies of the city take an interest in this subject. Let those who are both wealthy and charitable congregate together and recom- mend to the public some system of charity that will be universal and sure to do good to all sects alike. Many poor old women are suffor- ing for the necessaries of life, when a little at- tention and a little relief would smooth their pathway to their final homes. Many aged men and unfortunate cripples who are able to do alittle work are out of employment, and, like many young creatures of the other sex, running into vice and degradation. It wou!d be a good plan for the rich ladies of Nev York to take the initiative in this g-»at mural under- taking. They can raise funds to purchase goods at wholesale that may be worked up at cost by poor neediewomen and disposed of atsome established slore or bazaar for their benefit. These stores can be distributed all over ihe city, and when it becomes known that those who purchase from them are relieving the necessities of some unfortunate human being their success cannot be doubled. We are aware that a few auti-sectarian charitable institutions exist in this city; but they are all upon @ small scale, and, alihouch doing good to the extent of their abilities, do not accom- plish as much as an iastitucion esta\ lished upon the plan we propose. We call the notice of our opulent citizens and invite the especial attention of the charitalte ladies of New York to this interesting enterprise. Our Mercantile Marine—The Changes of &@ Quarter of a Century. - No better evidence of the wonderful pro- gress of the American nation towards com- mercial greatness can be found than in taking @ glance at the strength of its shipping interest only @ quarter of a century ago and compar- ing it with ita condition at the present time. It is true we have not improved a great deal since the former period in American steam lines to Europe, but the magnitude of the European trade carried on in foreign steamers, and its increasing tendency, show that there is commerce enough for all, and that with com- mon liberality on the part of the government the Americans can establish transatlantic lines that will eclipse those of any of their European rivals. The extent and succeas of their coastwise, South Amorican and Pacific steam lines demonstrate this conclusively. Twenty-five years ago there was scarcely an American ocean steamship afloat. There was not a coastwise steam line to any of the Southern ports, to New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah, or evon to Norfolk or Richmond. The great trafflo with Europe was carried on in splendid packet ships, the superior of any- thing of the kind then upon the seas. Who at all cognizant of the character of our mercantile marine of those days can forget those beautiful models of sailing craft, those ample and elegant accommodations for passengers, that large capacity for freight to be found in those ad- mirably officered and fast sailing packet ships, the European liners? There was the London line of Grinnell, Minturn & Oo. with the ships St. James, Montreal, Gladiator, Mediator, Wellington, Quebec, Philadelphia, Samson, President, Ontario, Toronto and Weatminster—all great favorites with travel- lers. Thore were the E. K. Collins & Co.’s dramatic line of Liverpool packets, including those names well known to fame, Sheridan, Gar- rick, Rosctus and Siddons; Stephon Whitney’s line, with the Stephen Whitney, United States, Virgiman and Sheffield; Goodhue & Co.’s and C. H. Marshall’s old lines, with the New York, Cambridge, North America, Europe, Oxford, Columbus, South America and England; be- sides, in other lines, the George Washington, Patrick Henry, Rochester, Roscoe, &c. Then we had also Boyd & Hincken’s Havre line of packets,,with the Utica, Charles Carroll, Erie and Baltimore; in other lines, the Emerald, Louis Philippe, Silvie de Grasse, Duchesse @’Orleans, Burgundy, Ville de Lyons, Rhone, Towa, Poland, Albany, &. There wore also other sailing ships in the transient carrying trade with Europe, but not a single American steamsh'p. We were obliged, therefore, to look to the packet ships for our latest European ad- vices; and that the Heratn of those days dis- tanced its newspaper rivals in obtaining the earliest forcign intelligence can be attested by tue officers of each liner, overy branch pilot and the great mercantile and reading public of New York of that period now living. We had the introduction about that time of the well re- membered British steamship Groa: Weatern, whic’s, with the ill-fated President, the British Queen, Liverpool, &c., followed tho pioneer steamer, the Sirius, in opening the Atlantic to the great purposes of ocean steam navigation, ‘she subsequent energetic efforis of Mr. Collins to es‘abiish his line of magn ficent ocean sieam: ora, with the Arctic, Baltic, Atlante, Pacific sai Adriatic, as well as the efforts to oreato other lines of American transatlantic steam- era by Commodore Vanderbilt and other pubtic-spiri.ed Americans, are funiliar to our readers; and their want of success in establish- ing ther lines permanently was no fault of svirs, but was rather owing to the failare of Coagress to encourage such important national cutecprisea. The day is not dstant, however, whea we will flal Americv: stsam lines be- wovu New York and Enropean ports estab- lished upon foundations sure to last. suraing from the past to the prosent we our advertising columns the list of ign steamers doing the carrying trade bolwcen this and European ports to be greatly nereased, and to have entirely usurped the lices oceupied by our noble fleet of sail- ag packets of former days. Most prominent mong iaes are the Canard sicamers, ich bav sined a degree of popalari'y and weess uaparaleiod by any other line in the ory ofs cam raffic with Amouca. We next have the In. ling semi-weekly, and carrying th amalis, with the City of soadon, Cty of Paris, Bliabarg, &o. Tho Na- ‘onal Si mship Naviga.jon Company's weokly ‘no, wi the sloamslips UWoelvetia, Scotland, Ungland, Virginia, Qa.en, rin, Peansyivania id Louisiana, via Quvensiown. The North Ainorican Lioyd’s first cls United States mail seamships for Bremen, via Cowes, including ue Atiautic and Baltic, the Ericsson and West- ern Metropolis Tue General Transailantic Company’s mil steamers beiweon New York and Havre, calling at Brest—the only direct Ine to France—ineluding the Weshington, Pereire, Napoleon IL and Lafayette. The Ame- rican Packet Company’s line of iron steamers to Hamburg, leaving, after the 14th instant, every Saturday for Hamburg. The Lon- don and New York Steamship line, including the Atlanta, Bellona, Colla and Wm. Penn. Tho North German Lloyd's line for Bremen, via Southampton, taking passengers to Lon- don, Havre, Southamptou aad Bremen. Ar- rangements for a new American line of steem- ers between New Yofk and ports in the Medi- terranean, with Genoa as the principal foreign port, a8 well as a new line between this port and Liverpool, are in progress. The above include the chief lines of steam*rs between this and European ports, V remembered that only threg or four steamships vere engaged in this tr ib twenty-five years 40, and that upwards of fifty are in it now my over eighty altogether steaming between Durope and American ports, not including Canadian, the magnitude of the trade may be conceived. This does not, of course, include sailing veseels, only one or two of which we see advertised. Coming now to the strictly Ameri- can coastwise and Central and South American steam lines, we find that the newspapers twenty-five years ago did not contain the name f a solitary steamship leaving here for a South- tm port. There were, however, several fine lines of safling packets plying between this p New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah, &c. To-day there are American steamship linés to Brazil, Central America, the Isthmus, up the Cali- fornia and Oregon coasts, Vera Cruz, Sisal, St. Jago, Havana, Galveston, the Danish West Indies, New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah, Charles ton, Wilmington, N. C., Newbern, Norfolk, City Point, Richmond, &c., &c. Prominent among these Hines are the at ~~-*" of the Pacific a Mail Steamship Company. Taking the fine and commodious steamers Arizona, Costa Rica an@ New York, or the new and elegant Henry Chaun- cey, you leave hero tri-montbly for Aspinwall, and after crossing the Isthmus you take the Golden Ag¢, the Golden City or the Consti- tution, under which glorious names you enter the golden gates of California. There is an- other line to California, called the Opposition, via Lake Nicaragua, leaving on the 20th of each month, on which line the fast steamship Santiago de Cuba is a favorite. The line to Rio Janeiro, via St. Thomas, Para, Pernam- buco and Bahia, leaves monthly, carrying the United States and Brazil mails, and is composed ofttte steamers North America, South America and Havana. For Santiago de Cuba we have the Fahkee and others. For Havana we have the Eagle, Morro Castle, Columbia, &. The American and Mexican Steamship Company’s line, for Havana, Sisal and Vera Cruz, with the new and elegant sidewheel steamer Vera Crug (lately lost), Manhattan, &c. The lines for New Orleans are composed of very fine and substantial steamships. The Cromwell line comprises the first class steamships George Washington, George Cromwell, Star of the Union, Neshannock and General Grant. The Star line is composed of some of the finest steamships that ever floated. It embraces the new and splendid sidewheel steamships Morning Star (gone to Rio Janciro, supplying the placo of the Havana temporarily), Evening Star, Guiding Star, Rising Star, thes new and first class screw steamships Mississippi, Merrimac, Malts ya and Mon- terey. We have also the Black Star line, composed of the following first class steam- ships:—I'ung Shuey, R. R. Cuyler, Montgom- ery, Marmion and Huntsville. The Coastwise Company despatch superior steamers for New Orleans, and give bills of lading to Mobile, Pensacola, Apalachicola, St. Mark’s, Galveston, Indianola, ‘Port Lavacca, &c. There are also for New Orleans the New York Mail Steamship Company’s line, with the Monterey and others; also Carrington’s line, with the steamship Ala- bama, &. “For Galveston we have Mallory’s line, the steamship General Sedgwick, &c. For Savannah there are the Empire sidewheel line, with the steamships Missouri, San Salvador, &c.; Pioneer line, with the steamship Hunter, Tybee, &c.; Murrdy’s line, with the steamships Virgo and Leo; Livingston, Fox & Co.’s line, with the steamships Herman Livingston, Flambeau and others. For Charleston, Livingston, Fox & Co.’s line, with the Emily B. Souder, Moneka, &c.; also Leary’s regular line, with the steam- sbip Saragossa and others, For Norfolk, City Point and Richmond, the elegant sidewheel steamers Hatteras and Albemarle, and the Old line, with the steamers Niagara and Saratoga. But to enumerate all the steamships and companies engaged in the Southern coast- wise trade would occupy too much space at this time. It is sufficient to know that they exist, thatthe American steam marine has the monopoly of the American carrying trade to all the points on this continent, and that whatever may be the present advantage of foreign steam lines with regard to European commerce, it must be recollected that we are only a year out of the war; and having done so handsomely already in regard to conti- nental steam communication, what may be expected in another.year with regard to our steam connections with Europe? Strikes and Combinations—Labor versus Capital. The shipcarpenters, joiners and caulkers of the clty recently demanded that eight hours should constitute a day’s labor, and should be paid the same sum as the day’s labor of ten hours had previously been. The employers refused to meet this requirement, and the jour- neymen accordingly ceased labor, resorting to the usual trade organizations to withdraw all laborers from the yards till the builders should come to terms. The effect of this step has been to cause the builders to combine, in their turn, against the journeymen; and they have now determined not to employ any of these latter unless they abandon the trade organizations and go on with their work as soon as practica- ble, without allowing the eight hour demand. The journeymen, therefore, seem just how to be in danger of getting the worst of the dispute. It is the old question of labor and capital still; but the practical fact at issue just now is simple enough. It is, which is the stronger of two combinations—the combination of labor or that of capital. However any one may natu- rally sympathize with intelligent labor in de- manding what it believes to be « rightful con- cession, it onght not to be encouraged to persevere uselessly and to its own ruin. Upto © certain point the demands of labor, however made, are conceded. The competition for labor on the part of capital carries it as high as it can go. But if it goes to the point at which its demands are refused, and endeavors to force them by combination, then it sooner or later inevitably forces combination on the other side also; and the moment it has done this the balance of power is against labor. Work is suspended for a time, but workmen are im- ported; the demand draws in a supply of the discontented from other quarters; there is even- tuaily a glut and wages may go even lower than they were before. Consequently it is only wise when combination has been resorted to on both sides for strikers and employers to make some arrangement ag soon as possible. Another point against the strikers is that the financial tide has turned the other way. To demand the same wages for « shorter day is to demand, in fact, an increase of wages. It is too late for this. Demands for increase suc- ceeded while the tendency was toward expan- sion in the currency, When a dollar was every day becoming worth less men had to have more of them, and strikers were successful. Now it is the other way. Contraction is in progress. A paper dollar becomes constantly worth more, and if there is any change in wages it cannot be an increase. Reconsrrecrion or THE Cacrcurs.—Wh en the late war broke out belligerent feelings wero displayed where one would have least to find them—that is, in the churches, whose special mission is to preach the gospel of peace. ‘The Charch North and the Church South were ot loggerheads. Convocations and conventions disputed points which were merely secular and had more bearing upo political views than doctrinal matters or religious tenets, The disputants in the several branches of the unlimited number of churches involved in controversy seom to have learned wense since the war has been concluded, and are now disposed to harmonize and forego ex; 7°" eer owas! > Beal sett ne > WW wuem, 2*.¢