The New York Herald Newspaper, February 22, 1866, Page 10

i _ NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1866—8UPPLEMENT, i i — ees » g, Teessive, reaching | single battle which that officer fonght and in wich he | livia also. ft was crected into depo State peragnal courage army of Bolia “; Which he en- Argentine Me. Hong ase wor tar and aa coon v roland and ae ‘Tho heat b 4 the weather fed peat >. Ayres on Cariste | was killed. ‘The second = joa by, Gonerat Cruz, 8 de- | Simon Bolivar Auzust 6, rpg i, pinned para tered at the ane of Serta has 9, N00 cag ~ TOPOGRAPHY roy ce fing vessels tohile and Peru, they will always have it im | mas day, ‘bls ry pivenbet 0 ‘diffican, om orpeet feated candidate for the Presidency; but it failed. constitution was framed.’ It ished a listited mo- highest gradee of service tn elvil and mi, by oth ny The Argentine Confedcration consists of fourteen pre their pwer to su’chase anything they want underhand, # | the sickness on the transports, ‘The camp", "ine bad 17S GOVERNMENT. harchy 1n all but the name, Whiok was repudiated by the | O39 veen Meow nes seme po _ ‘niry, His | Vinces, of which the newly reincorporated one of Buenos Jong ds they have 1oney or credit wherewith to pay, and | ticipated in the suffering from this cause, aa& The following is the government of Chile as at present } People in 1829. The consequenc: has been that in the und the last of the many Sowh or Centrat American repu)- | occurred among the ‘ane ‘and cattle from wane, °° °°!" | organized :— asence of any constitution Bolivia has been rent by ont Cet effort in aes Sad sae his Entire ove, Ke - Ayres is the largest. The area is 542,789 square miles, ics has come to an ops dec'aratio of war with Spain, a in ig on oD the ag oH Joab scannin Fores, ora avanegs her aren wanted tia Wyventioal, ware bad aren d stability to Roisaeriannaes ar pa Warn arked excluding the provinces of Buenos Ayres and Patagonia, Such are some of the prospects opening befo lontevideo the in point of interest was ‘oreign Minister, «Alvaro Corarrul unt i & few years past Gener: 4 ‘er of which is consid conntey upon tie bret veal Outbreak of hostillt breaking of the exequatur of the Chilean Envoy .“' | Minister of Jusiice. “Predoric Krrazuris. Ne ae ee ea te tea eet General Beizm | Dy'great clemcucy shown the conquored, Ho is am ates. | the latter of lered a part of the confede- true that statesmen here cherish some hope that * Montevideo, resulting [rom a warm correspondence Wb | Minister of Finance ity” of interests in M-rco my compel France (o make com- | the Uraguayan Minister for Forelgn Aflairs, who decl néd | YSinister ot War... mon cau with Spain, aid w-scroca the latter from harm, | to accede to the Chilean Envoy's request for permission’ |. , ,.eral-in-Chief of -Alexandre and wus enabled to give the State someting like perma. | ™8n, ® man of yreat learning, a naturalist, an elog.'out | ration, though figuring ou the map asa separate State. iu 8, be eae a farm fried ‘Colonel J. Manuel Pinto, | nent peace, One of those frequent revolutions which | WFiter and speaker, Liberal in politics, and a wi ‘The total area is estimated at 901,662 square miles, and anity. as his first Presidency tha! ¢ Armies.General Manuel Bulnes | distract the South American States has been going on in | 0 humanity. oe en ne Ol the Lazhmos | the total population at 1,301,800, The public revenue of at least, so far as any host lity with the people, if | to bring in and sell Spanish vessels whon captured by vw Muder of the Navy..,....Flag Officer Juan Wil- | Bolivia since August last; but it has not amounted to | through his mot with the gate ey ihe Unied States, ig concerned; | Chilean. privat ers, ‘and’ who jesued @. proclamation of |) ©>'% ‘incase Beoslinan’ anything more than a partisan war. The rebels are led | Was obtained by the Panama Railroad Company oe the Argentine Republic was, in 1864, $7,005,928. The } ar, itis that the Emperor of | strict neutrality, forbidding prizes of either nation to be expemditures are not known, Since the adoption of ‘but if anything is very E ‘the French is mreanct us © getautyf his own awkward | brought into Uruguayan ports, and permitting to vessels scrape than to help otiers out of theirs, and if he | of war only a stay of twenty-four hours, 48 allowed to witharaw his troops from Mexico, with even the mere shadow of honor, there is little doubt ov! . , ative power is vested in a Congress, consist by-a partisan named Argucdas, whye the loyal forces | the efforts ef both French and English inverests; and ioe io ‘we of Delegates, composed of seventy-two | are commanded by President Melgarejo, Cobija was his public acts have been marked by the largest and mee members, cl 980 directly by the people for three years, | carried by the rebels November 7, 1505, and they then comprehensive views. The family of the Moaqueras . and x~enate « ¢ twenty members, chosen by electors for | advanced towards Potosi. The last news from our lana Spanish origin and great wealth. His heaps, be 9 “4 wWhird of the later being chosen every | ™4 correspondent represents an early conflict as also once President of Colombia, has several times visite @ more liberal commercial system the wealth of the ar. gentine’ Republic has increased so rapidly that the exports of wool from Montevideo, which amounted twonty bs Sir 7 nine years; one thi terest in our edu- = Shab the. Meare, 4 ote bee. far b4 NEWS FROM VENEZUELA, third year.” ti soe ae eae _—_ Rolivin. seve. sgapansse — pong gage aig ig Jon of the | years ago’ £0 10,000,000 pownds of inferior quality per ‘Suced 10 pre raddandic Slate will have “ant ‘with the whole, SKETCH 01" THE PRESIDENT OP CHILE. sgprenions of Spain, General was somo years since a temporary resident in | onnum, hove increase to 75,090,000 pounds of superior and that any idan, be w old 4 0uta, Porto Rico, or byany | Prosperous Condition of the RepubMc— sa ihe preerst F Loh is pease $ oasis, Feces, He Re this city, : quality. ‘The number of horned cattle 1s estimated a pollen tea iy beg mtn ner Koma | Arrival of the Chilean Minister at Lae | TO chtiean Legation + this country 111827. In 1830 he | The government of Bolivia is vested by the constitu. a ee et eae from 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 head. The public debt, port of those who have long since gone the ugh the mfr. | SU*Yra—Progress of the Puerto Cabello | was made Const! Gene. "al to France. In 1933 he returned | {0p in a eronsaephs Bacale $i) saree Pacer including that of Buenos Ayres, which, on the returm morphosis much (0 their svifuction and advantage, Un- Railroad—Political Changes in the 1 to Chile ant wes loot age one the ational Gon 2s peneeat government ban age of that State to the confederacy was assamed by the or Such circumstances! there is abso! g ress, He was - v pen for Spain except to “tack out of tae Ditioen quarrel Satiats Os Ayres who was fastrm ental in bringing about the bine i} ae mereee oped ae TOPOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. men mer piping al paggtig, Aged on any torms, and t should by no means be surprised if We have ne ws from Venezuela to the 25th January. war of 1840 between Chik’ and the Argentine repubiic Mi rrr . roe a cy mes ‘The to hy of Venesucla as well as its climate and regular army of Buenos Ayres alone was at the time of atx ore the object nearest to the heart of O'Donnell | The country continued perfectly tranquil and its pros- | on the one side and Peru ana’ Bolivia on the other. In | Minister of War. . ipanedone OE? eg its annexation 12,000 strong, and the navy consisted of and his goveroment, no matter how much otherwise bis | perity was materially advancing. TEE DOORE wns. sppOeEO a pad name ot Ft Minister of Public Inst Forge Obiites, other peculiarities are similar to those so remarkable in | | aoe on Ae "calling vessels, ‘The totad of v1 the it bi , and breathe i. nance, and in on ot jen, ts mio! byes gun and the opposition prose may bluster, and, breathe | Tho Todd arrived at Laguayra on tho 19th, having om | ‘or. hs was condrined im that poeition, Prom 1540 to Eeusdor. paneer pe ba hasan floape ding teat tho allied forces now omployed by the republic in the who bare compelled the Covadonga to strike the ‘“un- | board the distinguished poet Sonor M. A. Matta, a8 Chi- | 1880 ho was Home and ref pti 1860-51 be TOPOGRAPHY AND STATISTIOS. penny prides whlch hea alarge population, | WF 0" Paraguay is estimated os about 75,000 men, Gullied”” banner of spain. lean Minister Plenipotentiary to Venezuela, On the 23d | Was lent of the Chamber o! oun: Ecuador is, like its right and loft hand neighbors, New Caracas, 4 large Aig occupied the same in the SemNe. From 1858 to ‘The revenue of the State in 1860 was about $10,000,000, HISTORY. a (THE Pa IVATEERING FANION ns ‘© magntdcont meeting took place at Caraccas, In feliclta: | 1861 he was Privy Counsellor under 1N¢ administration | Granada and Peru, @ traly mountainous country. Bod (a appa wong Haney ‘Tho several provinces composing‘the republic were ab A tehtor from Cal Bist ult, says:— ton of his: anetyal. Of President Manuel Montt, In 1861 he we elected Presi. 4 climate varies with the elevation of the surface, Although ea pot ; one time colonies of Spain, but guined their independ- We learn. from Bi lon a aud other ports, as | ‘Tho Gmercio of Puerto Cabello states that since the ar. | dent for five years hie term expiring ow $00 18th OF | jying airectly under the equater, many portions of the | THe Public debt ia about $50,000,000: The standing SFmY | ence in 1810. In July, 1816, they formed a republic wn- well as here, that gr rnation, exists among the | rival of Mr. R. Fairlie, consulting engineer of the ril-oad se Slate enjoy a delightful temperature, ‘The soa coast is | SUmPors 3,008 men, pip ra Lay COE fe us cacnesbtne *hune Dendionnet a Beale s interest in consequence of the ay vessels, + oe Shipping interest punish waters; and that he promise | MPAny and one of the London directors, the work had Peru. bcs and aiekiy; Vat. the eamern slopes and pietaeee oo 178 adsl Tain ane Mania Ber hen he een of the government to pursue them —@ promise made in a been going forward more rapidly, and the frst track, oy TOPOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. of the mountain ranges have a wart but not hot climate. A tion creating the Argentine’ Confederation was adopted. circular to the authorities of all the seavorte— ives Mitte Pk ari to the Pilito, was expected to be confidence. A si:powner of Bilbao, who is now pruary. oe Moly cad, has written to his friends at home that eneral Aresmendi had retired from the Presidency of & plaid vesiel of lage ve, armed with formidaile | the State of Guiana and gone to the capital on business artillery, has lefi tha: port to cruise against Spanish connected with the railroad in contemplation. ships on the no thera cat; and that two privateers ‘The Legislature of Carabobo met on the 8th at Valen- have quitted Liverpool—one to prowl about Cape st. | cia, when Colonel Cosme Peroso was electod President, Vincent, the other about tie Canaries—to intercept all | Senor M. Mazo Vico President, and Senor Licenciate Porn, the first Stato to join Chile in opposition to the | ‘The Paoitic coast has many indentations, few of which, | Columbus discovered Venozuela (Little Venice) in aggressions of Spain, is of far greater size, strength and | however, for: :ood harbors; and Guayaquil is the only 1498, and took possession of it in 1499. The oolony de- wealth, in area and resources, The arcaof the State | port of imporiunee. clared its indopenderce of Spain in 1811, but did not 18 508,986 square miles. The Andes mountains traverse | ‘Tho area of the State is 287,638 squaro miles, The | K#!n It until Bolivar’s success, tn 1824, whon the Colom- the State and separate it into threo regions, each of | population in 1858 was 1,040,371, of whom 600,000 were | Dian confederation was formod. Venezuela retired from which may almost be said to have a climate of its own. | whites, Tho principal-cities are Quito, the capital, which | #0 confederacy in 1831 and adopted a new constitution, A still stronger union was formed by the adoption of @ new constitution in 1854 Buenos Ayres, whiph had ee coded, was reincorporated to the ropublic in 1860, after a short war, and the constitution revised so as to satiafy the conquered. The war which shortly after was begen. with Paraguay served to unite tho diiferont States me the Spanish ships they can, Every hour, too, we expect | Pedro Bermudez Secretary. ‘The central or Montana district is composed of the table | has a population of about 80,000, and Guayaquil in. | Like Ecuador, this act was followed by internal dissen- GOVERNMENT. tovhen at the twgg ters ated out at Glasgow one | ‘Tho proposod ‘annexalon of Coledes into this Stato hed | j.04 sou has an average. elovation of twelve thousand aa been DEP cn tien saat a. a aan to | sions. In 1848 General Jose Tadeo Monagas, who was | The following is the prosont government of the roped called the Clair, th Fes The Legislature of Guiana closed ite sittings on the | feet above tho ocean, and a temperature which produces | $991,750, the expenditures to $3,000,000, ‘The imports | President, assumed the dictatorship, and ruled for eleven have sailed to commeuc™sperations, Hi .Bartholomi Mitre. arm as cruisers the 7th of December, ala a mild and salubrious and very healthy climate. The | in 1861 amounted to the value of $4,916,280 and the ox- aoe iea qrraorn ane Ns Baming fs ae Marcos Paz. & Co, of the Naviga OUR SOUTH AM BUTTRESSES mountain valleys are exceedingly fertile and produce the | ports to $2,705,780. Tho public debs is about $20,000,000. | give peace to the country. In June, 1863, General Pacs efforts it will not Le porsitleto pus» many ves WU ERICAN BU SES, cereals of this cl.mate in fine proportion to the acre. The | ‘Tho State has no standing army or regular navy; but the | and General Falcon, the leaders of the two parties, signed | dyinistor of Finance. ‘Lucas Gonzales Oeste. the Chileans can, p:oviried tiv y vernment of Grea! Britain ~~ extensive pastures of this region are chiefly devoted to | militia, called the National Guard, numbors 28,000 men, | the ay eee BE sgn chor elected President, and | sinister of Justice Eduardo Casto. continues 2 allaw them to buy Pare ie bes The American civil war was an opportunity not lost | raising shoep, of which there are large flocks. Tho dis- | organized into twenty rgimonts of infantry and eight of e country since been ’ peace. Minister of War. General J. A. Gelly y Obes, THe SeincipaP evmmarce Oo: this country is done sight of by the aggressive Powers of Europe; but their | trict east of the Andes, a part of what iscalied the “Great | gavairy. President. baleen: ee ey ee SKETOH OF THE PRESIDENT. Cuba, Puerto Rico aud the Philippine Island: etforts to obtain a foothold on this continent have been | Central Plain of South America,” partakes m a less de- | + 178 HISTORY. Vice President. . | Antonio Guzman Blanco, | _ Bartholoml Mitre was born othe froniiers of Pets. ree oe ateers wil ae fo ies pated — a failures. Tho dissensions which were to destroy us and | gree of the climate natural to the temperate zones, and Francisco Pizarro and Alvarado conquered Ecuador with Shh fae ge Pe ad . oe —— een a soldier from his cradle, When merely a youth repair their shattered fortunes ended too soon for Euro- | is principally uncultivated, being covered by dense for- | four hundred and fifty men in 2682. The province merely he greatly distinguished himself under Garjpaldi on the 22 Guillermo Iribarren, 088 1 tabu + iperalnae 100,000 pi pean interests, and the consequences now recoll upon tions | este of tropical: tream. ‘The district west of h@audes,’|) weretaied ander Spaniel rule, which lasted until 1090, | Aurcrany Gensel, > Soe famous sto of ‘Montorideo,” He fousht fon moro ska etek ials in the island Sey aldwintg | Hations. It is evident to every one as well as to the saga- | known as tho Valles, aud sometimes called the coast dis- | when, with Peru, New Granada and other States and SKETCH OF THE PRESIDENT. Tianiied the artillery a3 Poslonsl nine bee of Caserom ‘office porters, pocket at least the triple of that sum; and | cious Napoleon that his scheme in Mexico ts afailure, | trict, has an average breadth of sixty or seventy miles | under the lead of Simon Bolivar, it declared and main- Goneral Juan C. Falcon is known as a very warm | (1852), in which Rosas was overthrown. President Mitre Yet the Leland continue. to doa trade which eupienes, in | and that Maximilian’s empire must soon fall of its own | and an unhealthy climate, Rains, which aro frequent | tained tts indopendence. From 1821 to1424 Ecuador, New | Partisan of the independence of South America He ls | rose afterward rapidly in, populas Devoe. And succeded us WAY, OF Ran moro WAL DES fourths of the mer- | yeigtt, without the kick which wo may in our impa- | on tho mountains and easterly slopes, seldom fall hero, | Granada and Veneauela, under the namo of Colombia, | {nfeatened to'send an expedition against Cubs, which he | which elected him Prosidout. in 1862." He is now tience give it in a year or two, England is paying dear | though heavy fogs and dews are frequent, The climate of | fought the Spanish forces and fluaily defeated thom, In | proposes to command in person. mandor-in-chlef of the alliod armies aguinst, Paragaagl ED BY THE SHENANDOAH’S THE HUESCAR MA He is a poet, a popular writer, and a very able historem. for the one-sided neutrality with which she aided and | the western district is sultry and unhealthy, and theregion | 1828-29 they were at war with Peru, whose forces they de- CREW—DEFENSIVE ACTION OF SPANISH MER- “ wank cal " CHANTS. abetted the South, and strove to weaken by dividing us. 18 arid and tiaberless, The western district is rich in mine- | feated. Ecuador seceded from the Colombia confedera- ” Uruguay. Mairid (Reb, 8) Correspondence of London Times} | Spain, too, has mot with disaster in-8 Domingo, and | rals, producing iron, copper, tin, coal and nitrate of | ton in 1831, and has since been an indepondent republic. | British Gutana, or Demarara, is the largest of the three STATISTIOS. soda Tho islands belonging to Pera. aro also very | From 1831 to 1852, howovor, tho State did not enjoy | “visions into which the formor territory of Gulana has rich in guano, from which the principal revenue of the | Yery protound peace, being rent by internal disvonsions. | boon divided. It ws a province of Enzland. It is mostly el th tint Elate is produced, ‘The two islands of Chincha and Lopes | Ta sngaettst Year General Flores gave peace to the State. | hilly, and there are few settiements except along the alone contain deposits of 46,000.000 tons of this ma- Dar og his adminiatratton a. war with Pera aistarb d we cone aks cyanate em veterans 7 uublic peace, but it was of short duration. lores, who marara nt re) torial, without taking into consideration th other small | PU! boca the chiet digeurber of the State ore quarter of | are New Arstordam, asd Georgetown, ‘The principal islands and deposits. a century, established a provisional governmont in 1863, | auctions are si ae yank: Gatien: Mtaabae! ‘The principal cities are Lima, the capital, population | after a short war with tho legal powors under Garcia Ly as ugar, molasses, a , timber, bout 160,000; Callao, the port of Lima, 10,000; Pisco, | Noreno In 186% Flores declared war against the United | dyo stu &o. Tho importa. in 1865 wore $886,016, and pid 3 Pape * | States of Colombia, and the two Powers, the latter named | the exports $1,331,371. The revenue in the same year Tue report —_ rape more lately in Chile, while her intestinal difficulti:s Mund. us with | Show the rapid dissolation of the imbecile old country. An iron-clad coryetteand | The suppression of the rebellion in this country was Afar Se ny the only safety from European aggression of the numer- svand she has on ward the | OU mintatire republics which have grown up, as Mr. und ah Avother war ship oF pric | Soward says, under the shadow of our own. The causo ervian, called the Trurzura, bag } of union wiih us was the cause of union with them, and stormy weather to Ant- ‘I iron frigate, the In. | it8 success was their safety. ‘They have not boon slow The ropublic of Uruguay ts about the same size an that of Paraguay, containing 73,538 square miles, and aise resembles that country in its superficial aspects. Aloag tho‘coast tt is level, but inland it is vory undulating sad mountainous, It is not very productive, except of case and horses, which form the chief source of wealth, Tke population in 1860 was about 250,000, Tho State revenue in 1861 amounted to $3,579,802, and the ex- Yam has been Dears the na: The commander Famed crew of the Si ‘vateer, Chilean or f gone for shelter from t ‘worp. Another most highly tir dopendenc'a, bearing th rty guns, s sailing under Cuilean |. to perceive this, They have hastened to sock safety, not | 30,000; Arequipa, 90,000, and Truxillo, about 16,000 under General M vi es ga een ’ , a josquera, went to war. Btores invaded . | Penditures to about the same amount. The public debt gr Foruv ian bolors, Sve nas boa ately built a Eng'anty |" only pm foreign foes but internal on:mics,inallancos | The population ofthe Sato in 1860 was 2,200,000. The | Colombian January, 1804, but wan overly defeated, | retuned to $).A76,0W) ane te expendltat® lo ShiNT | 10 no same year was $20,000,000, exclusive of a smal Tmiltary art, aformidabiovon, Peet My" “8S | with and recognition from us, as fn tho caso of St Do- | revenue in 1861 amounted to $21,240,692, of which $16, |] Sud was glad to aoceps the peace whieh Mosques poy | BAe ie Ae oo. The provinoe was settled by the | debt of $243,000 due to England. Tho army numbom Recent intelligence alludes to some other Peruvian | minvo and Hayt, and in the tormation of strong do!ensive 21,751 was derived from the sale of guanoalone, and the | ernment, He was succeeded by Pres dent Garcia Moreno, Dutch in 1580 ‘and taken by the English in 1781, but of regular troops 22,800; but it is stated pg Bede ‘vessels sailing from English ports and lately seen at | 9: : Cherbourg. hero Is one more mentioced under the | “ances against thelrcommon enemy, as in tho nse of namo of the Eazle, and another Poravian Monitor bear- | Pera, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia against Spain Our ing twelve Armstrong guns, and manned with two hun- | success has given thom a strength they did not before inder from customs, The expenditures for the sam: in February, 1864. Less than six months uftorwards a in the flold for the war against Paraguay al Deeg pe Pregryy or just me ere evor fea thae: rebellion was begun against Moreno; but in October iol- | restored to Holland in 1783. In 1796 it was again seized, | men. A circular ing the condition of the 7 pune lowing he deteated the rebels and captured and shot tho | again relcasd in 1901, but finally soized again by Britain | published by the Minister of Foreign Affairs in be dred thousand dollars more than tho receipts. The pub- | principal leaders in 1803, and she has ‘since retained her grip on it. The ‘estimates the imports of the year previous at $12, dred to three hundred sailors, will, it is added, be ready | nave, ‘The South Amorican States are our buttresses, as 1862 23,458,761. T in 1860 pros:nt colonial Governor is Francis Hincks, C. B., who | and tho exports at $10,000,000, Diplomatic ro! to leave the English docks within a week. The ap ane) sy lie debt in was $23,458,’ ‘he exports in THR GOVERNMENT. » " ‘po! 000, earancn of all these enemies in 90 close a prox Mr. Seward denominaied St, Domingo and HaytL They | were valued at $35,078,424; the tmp rts at $18,428,305. il gneigt 3 is tho government of the State as at | Was ele a RSy iia en tween | Uruguay sud On le and, Aap bole re, others of the mity has given rise to apprehensions not only th Areng:h from us, and depond on us for constituted :— BRN " coast Slates, interrupted Gor te eafety of the Spantuh mereantiio navy, but | cmseee. we cocee, bow pied Thestiedling ateay ie 1068 aaempredy St Siaety 2,000, ODL. see seseseceaseeeesesJo@o Antonto Carrion. | Governor Hincks ia a native of Cork, and settled in | by aud through Spanish Influence with tho former. cavalry 1,200, artillery 1,000, gondarmorie 5,406; votal, ‘Tho ministry is not known. Canada, when he bocame a member of the Provincial 16,008. The navy in the same year was composed of six i SKETCH OF THE PRESIDENT. as Separate es beret poate binge inf soontiion c 2 armed iw exceedingly difficult to obtain any reltablo in- | Dic - steamnry carrying 72 guns; one armed mailing brig of 13 | cormation regarding the leading mea ot South America, | 9: his principle, that the Governor of should ian Uruguay has formed an independent republic slase an mdent ic 1825. fs ree kis — shod sors are exerc! respective! a Presi for four by Sonate ant House of Representatives. oe President. .. General Venancis Fleres, also for the security of the coast, The Leon E- BER In return, tney do duty as outposts, warn ng pane evinces some uneasiness lest the Independencia | 4s of the aggrossive approaches of European Powors not should “show hei of Cadiz, Barcelona, tantander, | strong enough to attack the main republican fortress, ‘Valencia or any other important town, and either bom: é : bard jor burn {t from pure love of mischief Neither | Dd thus beoome ldvntifed with us as a part of the are the Leon's fears] tranquilized by the presence in the | great structure of republicanism which already con- Spanish ports of the Gerona and two or three more tirst P trois this continent and évershadows Europ:. There is cluas scrow frigates, fur “what could one of these," it ar- gues, ‘do ins couilict with an fron-cladY” With all | 80W Silently progressing tn America ® rovolution of this widespread alarm, and this imminence and omui- | preportions and importance such as the world never eaw presence of danger, we hear as yet of no mischief done; |-bofore, Republicaniom teat this time taking giant strides ‘and “nobody se ms one penny the worse.” The | of drogress, aud accomplishing "wach a change in the commercial peopic at Gilbao have held meotings with a view to propose w their brethren at the other prin- | Political institutions of both North and South America as Canada guns; thro» transports, -10 guns; one steam transport and | ¢heir nts, politically and otherwise. ‘Bhe fro: fh ministers having the coniidence of the six hulks—making a total of 17 vensela and 94 guns. Aa | quent revolutions of tho States bring forward new men | camels sry icey ~ eagnhy Foireingpnt bs iron-clad corvette, built in England, was at Brest, France, | DOver, sae oy —— alee ipmaag abbncre © I was Pome i Naieter, ‘under Lord Elgin, of Cauda. In on January 23, enroute to Peru. The personne! of the | sq new mar. to history. ‘All we know of him is hat | 1866 ho was appointed Governor of the Barbadves, and navy embraced 127 officors,§1,010 seamen, 469 marines |] ho is a lawyor , and that he succeeded | im 1860 made Governor of British Guiana. Since then he and 825 artillerists—in all 1,874, ‘The morchant marino ] President Garcia Moreno in September last. Under bis | bas been created C. B. (Companion of the Bath). . almitustration Eeuador has signed the treaty with Chile, _—_— in 1861 amounted to 110 vessels, meaguring 24,234 tons. | Pery and Bolivia, and bas, like Colombia, v.rtually Joined Dateh Guiana. ITS WIsTORY, in Uig war aguinst Spain. Dutch Guiana, or Surinam, hasan arca of 30,000 square TOPOGRAPHY AND erartertos. ‘Tho namo Paraguay was at one time applied te the greater part of the soutbera regions of South Ameuia, along the Atlantic coast, but is now confined to tho Mile, mountainous and unfertile country, as shown om eur cipal ports sm scheme of mu'val insuran-e agains! bse’ | must within a very few yours change tho entire charac- rath od history of Pora under tho . Saeed Wkely (0 accrue io their shipping fom privaicer:. TD | tor of oth, and require NOt Only tho political but Keo: ead palit pes Peat Poca Colombia, or New Granada. miles and a population of about 110,000 tnhabitanta The | map, In oxtont it is only 72,000 equare miles, and tte ewners and masters of ships at Baroslons are equally " my STATISTIC’ AND TOPOGRAPHY. Principal cities aro Paramaribo, the capital, Batavia, | population is less than that of New York city and Breok- deliberating about the best means to protect their com. | graphical reconstruction of the continent. The map merce, especially the —- trade. —— mber | which we give to-day of our South American buttresses, of Catalonian and othor deputies bave joined in a com- ea een ae ete curnest to goveramsant the expe. | Til act be the wap of Boath Asiotias [n'a decade or two, Giency ‘of allwing meclant vesels (0 arm and equip | and tho description which we publish now will not be true themselves 30 as to sev: a privates again the Feru- | of them then. In the longo lately formed by the repub- vians and Chileans, | Toro of theca Catalans, one Siinwuer | Hican States of South Amorica we seo the frst progres- Of Manno a new contrivance by which they undertake to | sive stop of republicanism leading to greator prosperity “curiasser and blinder a “gn bal tg Bevo ec oe and power, and our map and descriptions Iltuatrate only day A bo ke them far ors: a 7 Bey orcas ate? Wonders will wever cease, ‘The | te Hue of thotr departure for greater destinies, steamer belonging to the Transatlantic Company which THE STATES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS. Joft Cadiz yesterday, having on dourd the mail for the | The several States of South America are known, organ- ‘West Indies, had tobe es orted by the frigate Gerona ‘AL seems that the same st-amet, Principe Alionso, after tzed and governod as follows: — Jeaving harbor, was recalled and until last evening was | Covomma, on New Gnanapa—Republic ; President, Halboa, the discoverer of the Pucifle Ocean, started 82 | Perhaps the most important of the Pacific coast States | Orange and Fredenburg. The principal exports are cof. expedition in 1611 against Pera, which was the orginal | o¢ gouty America is Colombia, or New Granada. She is | fee, molasses, sugar and rum. ‘The imports in 1853 El Dorado of the Spaniards, but failed to occupy the | iso tho only one of tho States exposed to the aggrossicns | mounted to $816,474, and tho exports to $1,812,118, country. His successor, Pizarro, succeeded on his second - The revenue is estimated at $500,000, and the expendi- attempt in 1593, and built the city at presont known ax | 2. {Pain which has notjoined the confederation to oppoee | iro at about tho sume. ‘The colony was settled by the pt 7 dvpde that Powor; but it is believed that she will soon jon | Dutch in 1680, and left to them by the British when, in and richest Lima The Spaniards held possecaion of it, despite of | hemay wit F | Sean that woelon epemopciatea tas Getaatg endlo-s dissorsions among themsolves, until 1821, when | arsecq pelt ease wir panytermren Wicd of the ola province of Guiana, the people revolted, and under General San Martin and | ciccued Prosident, will aiite tein eau ete BR ogee Simon Bolivar, suco eded in establishing their independ. of ence in 1825. ‘About the same timo Boliver resigned hia | ‘Wo !ren-clad war steamers, one of 600 and the other of | French Guiana, or Cayenne, isthe most castorly celony De tatorship and succeeded in separating the present | 900 tous, for which he contracted sovoral months ago, | of Guiana and is a province of France. It has an area of State o' Bolivia from Peru, | The latter State in 1826 | and which will form the nucleus of the Colombian navy. | 14.090 square miles and @ population of about 20,000. In abolished the constitution adopted undor Bolivar, and framed one 'n tinitation of that of thia country, tnder | 1 '# supposed that bis arrival will bo the signal for the | gadition to the staples common to Dutch and British lyn. The revenue of the State in 1859 amounted te $2,438,499, but the expendKures are not known, The Public debt is about $1,000,000. The standing anny consiste of 15,000 men, but the militia reserves give &@ force of 60,000 men. The navy consists entirely of marine river vessels, to the number of fifteen steamem, The arrivals and departures by the La Plata river Ge 1859 wore estimated at 412 vessols, of an aggregate measurement of 16,650 tons. The valuc of the im- ports in 1859 was $1,731,268, and of the oxports abeut $1,500,788, HISTORY. gpade to await further ord of the government, Thomas Cyprian de Mosquora. which it has # nce existed with Increasing prosperity. | promulgation of a war decree. Columbia has an erten- | Guiana it produces , cloves, cinnamon and nut- Paraguay was @irst sottled by Mondoza, in 1536, an@ - Vexezveta—Republic ; President, Juan (, Falcon In Peniea tas in ta th pit Phen edoeny Besse sive coast much exposed, and there are also othor facts =e. - waco, An thew Sree omens —— to | was for along timoa vice royalty of Peru. The Fare THE PLATE WAR. Brrrist GuiaNa—Governor Francis Hincks, 0, B, and the two States resumed hele original forms of gov. | Which would seom to make hor Interests identical with | $i 00e. snmuly, | The Krenek Oivmpt to acize it in | suayans attained their independence in 1811. Ia 1806 eolaarnnnnnntnnnnee Frevoa Guiava—Colony of France. ernment. Siavery was abolished in Vera by the terms | those of her neighbors. 1809. It 18 now a penal settlement. dictatorship wag established by Don Carlos of the Declaration of Independence in 1821, but not prac- The peculiarities of topograpical configuration and Lopez, who governed the State with almost The Mediatio: Movement—Quarrel Be- | Dvtcu Guiawa—Colony of Holland. tically #o until 1855, when General Castilla the climate noticable in Peru and Bolivia, and produced in Brasil. fe Wee ease bie succeeded i son, Francis Solano Lopez, who remains in power: ant Uruguay—The Chilean Eccapor—Republéo; President, Jose Antonio Carrion. | slaves by proclamation. pestered cee as cn Penv--Republic; President of Dictator, Mariano F, | .. The motives of Peru in Join'ng Chile in the war agninet | cach by the Andes mounta ns, are woticable also tn Now ITS TOPOGRAPHY AND sTaTistics. the present time under the title of President, but wit = - ar sBiiesti lien aighssstils uted Yonea ad , . ‘ bd = fone aa y cond pores ama Granada [here are three ranges of the mountains in ‘The OMpiro of Brazil m very noarly as extensive in su- = powers of a dictator. gag Tight rmong others: ore eam ye Peruy ian of State ‘orelgn Minist' int on betwes Chilo and Uruguay. ‘The latter | Brazt—Empire ; Emperor, Dom Pedro I. Fortbio Pachoes; and are atated to be inorder to “avoid | tis State, and consequently mone of the countries of | perficial arca as all tho rest of South America, possessing Appointing @ succossor by will, South America presenta so varied @ physical aspeot. In | @ it does nearly four mfllion square miles of torritory. THR PRESENT WAR IN PARAGUAY. Power -ftsee to allow Chilean privateers to | Bouvia—Repubile ; President, General Mariano Mol- | the future dangors with which whe State finds itself menaced by the now protensions of Spain; to gain | the contre of tho State is the largo valloy district | The faco of the country prosentaa great variety. Near | p7h@ ,Tounion of Buenos Ayres with the Republic was accomplished tm 186% sflée Pines leaders bring *° Spanish prizes they may capture into | Bardo. reparation for offenses rceived, and to unite with Chile ‘ : her ; otts, and determines to maintain a strict P\maGuaY—Dictatorship ; President, Francis Solano | and the othor republics in a pe for mutual protection, | S#lled by the ombigg “the Heart of the berge8 and a bei is mountainoua The principal ridgo is called = a Pia the a i noutality during the war. The interchange of notes | Lope and for tho purpose of checking Spain in ber absorptive | t the world as “the Heart of the Andes.” There are tan Andes. The taterior of the country is prin- ° ep be sage Mang) ge Casas them wos costinued until the offonded Uraguayan government cmz—Republic ; President, Jose Joaquin Pore, tactinyy pegedipheson seas Geel ck ee spb climate of ita pany ya slaty poe, Sore nectar miles In extent fom east to evo the exequatur of the Chilean Minister, and Axcentixy Coxrepenation—Republic ; President, Bar- The following is the government of Peru as ab prosent | irayuiior frequently Guaiben, in a single day's journey | West which rises into lofty chains of mountains, from invade the Argentine iblic tn the hope of inducing ‘the disaffected Buenos Ayres to again raise the Persons standard of rebellion, It had, however, the are tops of the principal poaks of the Andos forever enjoy (?) | Brazil, this country ts watered by the Rio Negro, Ria Ma- the temporaturo of the arctic circle and are perpetually | deira, Chingu, Tocoantias, Parana, Aragua and other nu- late is that the’ Brazili& army Ministor of W: One . clothed in snow, merous streama, some of which are tributary te the two * yelchborhood of | Though first in size and in wealth of the South Amoti. | "The President is elected, by the poople ears, | da Patria, and wa can States, Brasil ia not tho most important ta our pre | The legiaiative power is vested In sdpeien cone rot ot | _ Wheat, potatoes, the broadfrutt, Peruvian bark, cedar, | large rivers first named. The country is celebrated for four miles from tl sent connection, and we procesd to speak of the Pasitio | tWo mombers from each province, aed « House of Repro | balsam of tolu, vanilla, lignumvites, mahogany, wax, | its fertility and beauty, and produces in abundance all At the same date the sentatives, chos non the basie of one reprosentati albatag ress (al productions of the Wostern Hemisphere, with aanied by General Flores | Coast Statos first, because of thoi noar relation to the | every twenty thousand inhabitants, "In 1860 the Senate | “muwnoue, the oe, the vino of the arves end tee | Se enles a PI within a day's march “of t me point Theee | contest with monarchical insttutions in which they are | Was composed of th riy six mombers and the House of tard & decroe prohibiting the arrival and sale of prizes, | tholo Mitra, organized :— offect, and the firm tion offered by Broaidont ad threatening with severe penalties allwho should in. | Unvovar—Ropoblic ; President, Prudenclo Berro, President . the four seasons of {hp year and the vegotabld peculiari. | whence those rivers proceed which flow into the Amazon | tne vigor diaplayed by General Flores’ of Uruguay fringe upon the neutrality laws, Foreion Mi . fies of the three Sentral zones Qf the Globe, while the | and La Plata, Besides these great rivers which rise in | the alliance with Brazil resulted in the expulsion y Minisi6r of dbp Jat r of the invading army and its pursait inte the mountetm stite, NEWS FROM THE SKAT OF WAR ON THE PLATE. THE PACIFIG COAST STATES. Minister of Brazilian Timea, Feb. § Mintstor af Fi ee whore tho war is uow being pushed following ts the government. the republie, The the government m the re; J the ‘dictatorship of Paraguay is cailed by courtesy :— President... . wees ++++.+Pranols Solano Lopes. (From the Ang! The news from the ariea, together with other grains, trees, fruits and drugs, | Brazil ‘and other wooda Cattle of various kinds abound, «, united, comprise some 35,000 of the aul. eighty-six members, The miniaora and senators form | grow with but little or no cultivation. The valleysabound | With deor and other game, The mineral productions are eg ay ey the crbtnst, in rich, auriforous auvions of great extent. Theagh | gold, silver, diamonds, emeralds, crystals and other pre- : z + SRETOR OF THR PBRU. rorked — Orient and potmessing « numerous park of rifled a, enmene. Mariano 1 Prado, Fredant or epiees rest t the Seateanineela ct ant din, eellh penta cr he population of the empire is estimated at about Correnieg, where Inmber barracks were being run up for | A glance at the map will best show the geographical From is carltest youth, fe has been Mietingeloned wr | that of California, One of the provinces of New Granada, | nine millons. The principal cities are Rio Janctro, the } oe ee ee f , Saee ae ae relations of Chile to the other States. Her boun- | his bravery, cnterprice and military genius. In 1854 b+ | Chooi, produces all the platinum and another, Muse, the | capital; Tannaria, Dramantina, Porto Alegre, San Salva- } Failed among these | ‘also among the | @4ry formation is curiows, but not leas so than | Wh cnkaged in the revolution of Dom Ramon Onsiilla, | oneraids which are sold in this and other markete. The | or, Porto Seguro, &e, The revenue of the empire in 32,000 Braaitian troops 1 Sau Borja io the | that of the surface of the country, which formed | Juno Feheniqu:, and commanded s fine cavaity roginen, | minos of silver, lead, copper, tron, quickaliver and.coal | 1862 was $29,208,010, and the expenditures $29,565,500, jo Gira ry i of re ‘onl ing, bat to more ShoRAE Mecmaccom, | Mlmost entirely by the wostorn slope of the Andes | He was rewanted by being made Governor of the pro- | aro innumerable, though not as productive as thay might | The public debt is $96,863,125. The importa of the State A BATCH OF FIFTY CENT FORGED STAMPS SEeEED, TO THR AMOUNT OF ABOUT ONR THOUBAND Commissioner Osborn had before him yesterday a esse m which an Italian, named Felix Caprettt, ia charged with having had in his possession a quantity af ifty cens counterfeit stamps, amounting to about $1,000. Mr. Bell, United States Assistant District Attorney, ap- peared for the prosecution, and ox-Judge Stuart fer the defendant. The facts are disclosed in the subjoined evt- dener:— George Brauno sworn—I have known the defendant PiGhing the long . from Concordia | mountains, The streams all have a westerly flow | Vinee of Arequipa, which position be hoi when the | bo made amounted in 1861-2 to $61,859,090, and the exports to and Ur guayane, ti : % and often bare: | through mountain asses rather than valleys, and imenediote cnen of. cule vetoes ies ton ing of The republic 1s conrpoved of tho States of Panama, Rol. | $67,062,620. The standing army musters fourteen thou- ane days delay to the country is undulating; yot it is by no means sterile oe a, Callao, b tween Pezet and the ish | ivar, Magdalena, Santandor, Antioquia, Boynot, Oundi. | sand mon. ‘The navy is composed of forty-three ships in the Paraguayan | and barren, be table lands aro very fortilo, while the Foor fot Mi’ on Wenn e sone an hamacara, Tolima, Cauca and Fasto. The area of these | active service, mounting two hundred and fifty guns, y the Pasageayen Preudeut as the k washings of the mountains keep the small but numerous | by his treaty, and under the leadersbip of Prado suc- | United States 1s $21,048 square miles, and the population | “04 manned by six hundred and cighty-nine officers and ayan territory, and as such made the head valleys of coves annually renewed with rich soil, The | Ceeied in deposing him. Prado raised an army of twelve | in 1851 was 2,223,837, Wo are uot in possession of the | two thousand eight hundred mon, Lopes and bie main army. Smalipox, measles and | climate is highly suitable to vegetation, and is considered be poy Sammret teas ote eek dotalls of ite statistics, gieronr. Undertake ROMVE Opera’ psition at Passo da Fotria, wi Foe ae peta announce Alves, um hy enagtre | tobe among the mos healthy afd genial tn tho South | of November, 1866, he was toade Dictator, or supreme 178 HIBTORY. Brazil was discovered by the Portuguese in 1600, ana | ‘0 months; was introduced Madipt a pega Fence tan ve ovlaiued, from 18,000 to'30,000 | American continent, chiot of the natin. ‘Ho shoriy afer—Jeouary 15, | ‘The two millions of Indians who originally inhabited | though occastonally in the hands of the English and | A%#*0n!; Caprettl asked me oy is che, utmost that can bee brought to, | ‘The chief wealth of the State is in tte numerous mines, | 1866—declared war againat Span, and formed tho alliance | New Granada wore subjugated in 1636.87 by Ximenes de | Dutch, it remained acolony of Portugal until 1922, In | SOme counterfeit monoy from him; I refused; be said e I wanted to sell somo he would let mo have eighteen per cent; he anid in case I sold them he would give mo what | could make—eighteen per cent; I refas® to do such business, and he asked Austoni if with Chile. Colonel Prado is bye d brave, honest and ay te defend = thi et ft tan! wenty- iNT if the Partum rise til continue, Waeld be aseeted | Within twenty-tiwy lengues of Copiapo, the principal | patrio.ie, He refused the rank of @ generai, and is de. | Quesada and 100 Spaniards, and the country was | 1808 John Vi., then Prince Regent of Portugal, fed Gimultanoously by the lighter vemels of the Braziian northern town, and Within the single province of Ata uae babs all bis sbiytion to defend his country's honor | erected into a vice roya@ity of Spain. The first effort | from his country and before the invasion of Napoleon, Bort and the large force now preparing for the passage. | cama, there are nineteon silver mining districts, contain. | “84 develop ite prog to throw off the yoke of @ mother country was made in | and emigrated with his family to Brazil, where he was (Sod of Jenuary oh browse, ot ov oven ta the, aval force | {26 {Wo hundred and seventy-Ave mines, worked tn 1008 Lape fan 1181; the svownd in 1796; bok both failed ta IEIO the 1 SS reli cod Algarve. in 10st. Joun VE. rearued to Could co-operate, and, in the meantime, the work of pro. | bY Sbout three thousand miners; and also several gold and STATISTICS AND TOPOORAPRY, Stat 8 ea gem and in conjune- Portugal at cane Op asses ot ak Kington, ibk Paring for tho real crisis of the campaign is being urged | Numerous copper mines. In 1891 the mining district of | Very nearly the same description aa rogarda topo. | Von wi 4 ab same time ting bis Be aay cuaamhaeeatunae ty; | Catteni 0 fod fro 3 amon | ery eit Tere an aia There | Fegccn ine Ror Sma nasa nen | fee ty al ca, ep a heir import, quite a fleet of schooners and other | O8NCCS Of silver in bars and ingots, and $4,000,000 in | the former, is much cnt up by the Andes mountains, and | federation with Ecuador and enezuoia, but this was di 1 4 mall veusols gives its anchorage the appearance of a | ¥alue of Copper orea In 1857 the copper mines of the | not more than one-half its ares of 473,208 miles is under | Solved oo re oe oe de an po gag Mogg) Saoner eeger the’ tine ef y4 Barge commercial port The, Hrazian fet ‘stl | entire Stats prodiced in value and exported to the | oF capable of cultivation. The climate of the valloys i (ited ha suppressed’, Ta Septemiver, 86h, a couven. | Fett, This monarch rvigned until 1831, when he ab; 8 favor, and see aeered Tamtndnte, The enacted haat net Oy | amount of $10,700,589. The coal found in the Ohilean | too hot for sheep, but vast herds of cattle feed on the | tion of the Ttoeal porsy, heated oy Guntrel mosteers aa Fare eken i ceony: ab tepctaned’ ur the tw: | cree aa raat ee > ther vowels, from their greater draught of water, were | coast mines ix suitable for steam and domestic, bat | banks of the rivers, and llama, guanaco, vieuna and | Dictator, eee ead ants (i cot | zillans to conduct the government. Pedro IL, the pre- away Hea vetore nay Corbited alec be rade broke | Hot for smelting, purposes They have been successfully | various wild specimens of the mule, inhabit the moun. ve Bg ny framed and. mlopted a new | Set Emperor, was burn December $, 1038, and was agai Paraguayan positions, the foot will be joined by at least | Worked since 1825. taina The principal vegetable productions are covoa of was resisted General | throne « your Detore. Under bia spirited management Thad the One more ironclad And some bomb ant other vemels | Chile has fire hundred miles of railways, and ranks | the finest quality, cotton, indigo, re, barley, ost pote ; roe heels ns: tcrenteeea | the.country has advanced in prosperity. constructed for the service of thi FO A te is Known Rae ae eR. | the fifth of the countries pomessing ruch improvements, | toos, sugar cane, maize, Peruvian bark and numerons the presidency by 1843 the Teresa ands of tho citizens and troops stationed at Asuncion | Mf we take into consideration it surface and population, | othor drugs, and various timbers Mit for every purpose constitution ‘re said to have died within the Inst fow month | The area of the State is estimated at 249,952 square | Gold is found in all the rivera The region around ration tn May, 1963, gas whietr vane ne country ar from diseasos arising among the troops in their | mites The population in 1865 was about 1,514, Ie Pas and Lake Titieace t# said turitto, i variou ampments and spreading to the innabi Popul $14,287. The wo be * oper had. txued. more proclamations to his | Fevenue of the Statefor 1862 was $6,287,185, and the ex | very rich Ingold deposita ‘The productivences of the pg terest ana tants, Lope army, and his Minister of Affairs had addressed | penditures $6,228,692 The total public debt, foreign and | silver mines of Potont has been very great for many @ circular to the new Powers, complaining | domestic, ie $14,619,025. The exports in 1864 amounted to | yearn @apper, lead, tin, salt and sulphur dd to ite 3 s- Bg Presitent Mitre’s ly to the threat of reprisals Gen. Thos. C. de Mosquera. tere Fi smonta to reported "al roasted iy wore pera mineral @ealth. Theodore V 4 Porpedoes, amongpot! bomen oy | wn by & Tho population of the State in 1856 was 1,087,252, in- italian reese! ‘ouenne ued returoed frome Assocten; cluding ebout 248,000 Indiana, who were fast disappear. -Gen. Valerio Barriga a ‘Dut tho Iattor had fared in the main object of bringing ing. The principal towns are La Pas, population 76,372; Undor the new constitation of Colombia the several know away some Italian fanfics. Cochabamba, 40,000; Potowt, 22,860; Cobije (the only | States ‘own local adfaira, independent of : twoor toe had been allowed to leave la —————— ee . to me some Jian Consul at Asuncion 1s said to Port), 2,880, and Choquissca, or La Plate, the capital, | poing ‘by the i ayo eastern confines of Paraguay and there maintained Populacion 95,000. The revenue of the Btate in 1064 was SRetCR OF THR PRESIDENT. did not know @atimated at $1,076,000, and the expenditures at President Mosquera passed through this city on rows i ly ttle had occerred tracted for some 5 e ‘notios, The troubles in the unpaid debt of the war of 1967. Tho sanding army tateryi with the Em. Eas mon though the Indians bumbers only 1,500 men The State haa nomavy, a o 4 ") pene, to arrive at "nana Lan c. th ene expected that Bolivia was originally an tategral part of Porn, and | Apri. It is believed his Gret official action will be war would be opened as far (he history of that country dowa to 1625 ls thes of Bo- I to desiare war aeninst Spain, He rose ty bis merit and