The New York Herald Newspaper, February 18, 1866, Page 4

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TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, 201 Bowery.—Sinc- rxG Dancina, Burcesques, &0.—Apvantunes oF 4 Naw ons Durscrive. GEORGE CHRISTY’S—Otp Scuoor or MinstRELSY, gas. Musicat Gems, &o.. Fifth Avenue ra House, ‘om. 2and4 West Twenty-fourth strect.—Tax Kxxx Actors. BRYANTS’ aba de! Meohahios’ Hall, 472 Broxd- way.—Dan Bavayt's New Stour Spemon—Neagro Comicatt- Tits, Buxiesques, &c.—Tuw Bracksxtru's Jupuine. HOOLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, Brooklyn.—Ermroriaw Mrx- BIRELSY—BALLans, BURLESQUES AND PANroMrMns. KEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Brosdwiy.= Open from 104. M. till 10 P.M mee New York, Sunday, Febraary 18, 1360. NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION. Recotpts of Saics of the New York Daily Newspapers. OFFICIAL. Year Ending May 1, 1865. «+ $1,095,900 Name of Paper Hera.p.. Times. 368,150 Tribune. . 252,000 Evening Post. 169,427 World... 100,000 Sun. 161,079 Express. 90,548 Naw YVorE HERALD... 6.60 0cesesseee cesses! $1,005,000 ‘Times, Tribune, World and Sun combined, . 871,229 DISLOYAL JOURNALICM. General Grant yostorday issued a circular letter to de- partment commanders, directing them to give him infor- mation regarding such newspapers in their departments as are in the habit of publishing articles disloyal to the yovernment and calculated to create hostility to it and stic up sectional hatred among the people. Publications of this character, the General says, can no longer be tolerated, and the information respecting papers of the class nemed ts sought with a view to suppressing them, which ts only to be doge under orders from his head- quarters. EUROPE. ‘The Inman steamship ‘City of London, from Liverpool on Japuary 31, via Queesstown February 1, arrived at this port yesterday, bringing European advices one day later. The reported appearance of two Chilean privateers off Cadiz ts confirmed, and the Spanish war frigate Isabella had been sent in pursuit of them. English papere mention that no fewer than twelve iron- plated ships-of-war are now being constructed in the British islands for the Spanish government, and that ‘urgent instruc'ions have been issued to hurry them up. From Rio Janeiro (a strangely roundabout way for such mows to travel) c mes a report that another Spanish war vessel hed been captured by the Chileans, ‘The measures ‘akon by the British government against the Fenians were increasing in severity, and apparently he fear of some overt act of rebellion being committed was also incroa-ing. Depression, with a tendency to panic, prevailed in the London money market, United States five-twenties, however, advanced from 66, st which point they stood on the previous day, to 6654 a 66%. MEXICO. Another very interesting collection of Mexican news is contained in our city of Mexico and Vera Cruz letters, Gated to the 24 and Oth inst. respectively, pub- lished §=today. The great ogre which at pres- ent etands the most threatening in the presence of Maximilian ‘# an empty treasury, and tho mMomey question is just mow one of life or death to the imperial estab ishment, second im importance ovly to the wrath of the American government and people. The imperial exchequer is almost exhausted, and whence to Toplenigh it is a matter which is puzsling all the wise mon of the empire, but which nome of them can solve. ‘The ministers are said to have confessed that tho very existence of the government depends on the procurement ‘of a teaa of one hundred millions of dollars, for which negotiations are being proxecuted in Paris. They are now living from hand to mouth, and to such a strait was Maximilian recently reduced that, by instructions from F anoe, he was loaned three handred thousand dollars by Marshal Bazaine out of the French funds, on condition Of iteapeedy repayment, The annual revenue of the gov- ‘ernment from a | sources is about twenty million dellars, “white the expenditures during the past year wore forty- $vo million dollars, much of it going for unnecesrary imperial shows and coremonials, which latter fact doce ‘NOt esoape the notice of the peopla It te hinted that if thé Paris negotiations fall © general forced loan will be resorted to, and this it is apprehended will joed fo «an uprising of the inhabitants, All this (2 @ country the richest in the world in molaeral wealth; and the imperial organs recently gave acoounts of additional discoveries of inexhaustible gold oposite in the State of Michoacan. M. Langials, Napo- loon’s agent, haa accepted the position of Finance Minie- ter im Maximilian’s Cabinet, The present effective utrength of the imperial army is set down at twenty thousand men. . Maximiiian, in @ recent speech, is nald t> have dwelt on the probability of the withdrawal of ‘the French troops, owing to the opposition of the United Btates to their continuance in the country. Between mixtoen and seventeen thousand Mexicans, it is stated, hhad been executed in accordance with the findings of Amperial courts mariial up to the ond of December Inst, ; Parther particulars aro furnished in our correspondence of the recent reported imporial successes at Tehuantepec and to the capture of Papantia, and of the progress of the republicans in tho Pacific S:ates, regarding all of ‘ewhich considerable has appeared in the Hens within Whe past few days. In the ret named affair the Amert- can consul was wounded, and at Tohuantopes the republi- eam General Figueroa ts reported to have been killed. An American officer bas lately recruited « large num- peor of mem for the republican army in Vers Crus, ‘The French soldiers there are enid to inanifent lone desire ow tna formerty fora war with the United States Tumors in that olty were that the repubtieans Monterey, and that Genera! Grant, with a as on the Rio Grarite im person. The fébel colontete from this country are repre. " very Grooping condition. As one of Detter come time age 10 on editor tm this ‘50, ay oa tiny en iene ene comennts, ‘The Menthe Aid not mect yesterday, having adjourned over from Friday till Monday. The Mouse of Represen. tatives, however, was in segsion; but the day was de- Voted principally to the delivery of specohes, A fe. 4 ‘Was presented from envelope manufacturers Of this State against the proposed law to authorise the Postmaster General to sell stamped envelopes at the value Of the stampe'thereon, Resolutions wore offered by Mr. Broomall, of Pennsylvania, to the effect that, the ro- bellion having deprived the communities which took part in it of all civil rights, it becomes the duty of Con- grees to guarantee the rebellious States republican gov- ernments, and by Mr. Lawrence, of Ohio, approving of the President's course in continuing packapnn gst and the of the habeas corpus w an sipling oan him entitled to the thanks of the nation therefor. The remainder of the session was taken up by Messrs, Cook and Cullom, of Illinois, ‘and Mr. Lawrence, all republicans, in speaking on the condition of the Southern States, the subject of recon- struction, and the powers and dutios connected there- with of the President and Congress respectively. Robert E. Ive, formerly rebel General-in-Chief, was yesterday for some time before the Congressional Reoon- struction Committee, engaged In giving his testimony on the condition of the South; but nothing regarding the character of his evidence has beon made public, THE LEGISLATURE. The conference committee om the bill creating 8, Health Commission for the Metropolitan Police District yesterday reported to both houses of the Legislature that they bad agreed upon making the commission consist of the Police Commissioners and the Hoalth Officer of this port, together with three physicians aad one layman to be appointed by the Governor, and im that form the measure was passed by both the Senate and Assembly, the vote being in the formor twenty-three yeas to two mays, and in the latter twenty-four Baye, ‘next month, ‘were acted upon in both houses, however, are only of intorost to rural localities or pri- vate parties, The Senate ordored to third reading the Dill prohibiting the disposal by our city government or Board of Supervisors of any real estate belonging to the city or county, and passed the bills authorizing our City Comptrolier to issue fifty thousand dollars worth of Cro- ton water stock, to facilitate the construction of the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad, and to incorporate the Fonda and Ogdensburg Railroad Company. The Senate adjourned over till the 27th inst. In the Assembly the annual report of the Emigration Commiss'onors was presented. Reports wore mado from committees of the bills, among a number of others, to regulate deposits of money beloncing to the city, ceding to the national governmont jurisdiction over certain quarantine lands in our lower bay, giving State fands to the amount of five thousand dollars per mile for the construction of a railroad on the west side of Lake Cham- plaw from Platteburg to Whitehall, and incorporating the American Exploring and Mining Company. The bills for the improvement of Brooklyn Heights and to fix the yearly salary of the Brooklyn City Judge at five thou- sand dollars were passed. Included among several now measures noticed wero bills to compel the proprietors of places of amusement in this city to appropriate a per- centage of their receipts to charitable purposes, to im- prove the pavement of Broadway, to incorporate the Me- tropolitan Market Company, and to amond the Rogiatry law. Tho Assembly adjourned till a wook from to- morrow, MISCELLANEOUS. The weather continued cold, but not severely eo, in this region yesterday. Altogether, the sky being per- fectly cloudless, and the streets dry, it was a most healthful and enjoyable day. Contrary to goneral ox- Poctation, however, skaters experienced great disap- pointment, as the ice on nearly all the ponds was in very poor condition; but tt will no doubt be fine by Monday, if the present temperature continues. Tho watersof our harbor still continued greatly choked with floating ice yestorday, and the forry boats on the East dnd North “rivers, as well as shipping generally, were much impeded im their movements, and several ‘Vessels were considera- bly damaged. Late advices from Rio Janetre, received by steamer from Earope yesterday, report that Lopos, President of Paraguay, despairing of success in his war with Brazil and tho other allies, was realising his property. Three children of » woman named Anastina Sohots, living in Porty-soventh atrect, near Dreadwap, aged ra. wpectively about one, two and six years, wore last even- ing foand dead from the effects of suffocation, and it = alleged thatthe mother caused their death, and after. .} Wards attompted to destroy her own life. The afur, which caused much excitoment fast night in the neigh- borhood of the place where it ocurred, will be investi- gated by one of the olty coroners to-day. Robert Martin, for some time in custody on charge of complicity in the robol attempt to burn this city, was again up yesterday in the United States Circuit Court, when Judge Shipman rendorod a decision to the effect that there was nothing in the evidence to justify the fu. ther detention of the accused, and that he must therefore be discharged. The prisoner was theroupon set at liberty, and was warmly greoted by a number of fricnds. Commissioner Osborn had before him, yesterday, the case of John Hartman, acoused of having in his pos- sion @ considerable quantity of counterfelt currency. Evidence was adduced forthe purpose of showing that tho defendant had endeavored to compromise the matter with the officers, Thecase has been adjourned for fur- ther examination. The case of a man named George E. Meade, accused of obtaining ten thousand dollars under false pretences, from a mercantile firm in New Orleans, was yesterday before the Court of Oyer and Terminer, on an application for his removal to Louisiana for trial. Counsel on behal of the accused resiat this motion, which stands over for farther argument. During a fight on Friday evening among a party of in- toxicated men ina dance house at No. 161 Washington street, one of them fired a plastol, the ball from which struck a man named August Ludkie, who was passing at the time, and who had po part tn tho disturbance, pro- ducing a wound which is expected to prove fatal. A pro- liminary investigation of his caso was made by one of the coroners yesterday, and Frederick Rohde, proprietor of the dance house, aud four ethers were arrested; but, the person who fited tho pistol is believed to bo still at large, A man named Charles Smith was yestorday under ex- amination in the Fourth District Police Court on charge of forging the cortification to a check on the Eighth National Bank for soven hundred and ten dollars, and passing sald check on a Third avenue broker In payment for government bonda, The case was not concluded. One of our reporters yesterday visited the prisoners Gonzales and Pellicer, now under sontonco of doath for the murder of Jose Gercia Otero, at the Kings County Jail, in Raymond street, Brooklyn, and tho tateresting results of his visit are detailed in anothor column. A lecture was delivered last evening at the Cooper In- stitate by General Howard, Commissioner of the Freed. mon’s Bureat, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Amsociatioa, on the progress of frecdmen's af- fain, There was but a small attendance, but the report of the General as to the success of the bureaa was such ‘as to call forth frequent applause from the audience, ‘Tha wills of the following persons have been admitted to probate by the Burrogate:—Thomas F. Guione, Wil Nam Webb Lawrence, ——— Lunon, Ebenezer Secley, Joun Bell, Ano Burrell, Catharine Belts, Ann B. Griswold, Euphemia Ogden and W. W. De Forest. The only one of those wills containing anything of public interest ts that of Mr. De Forest, in which the following bequests are made:—Now York Magdalen Benevolent Society, $3,000; Society for the Relief of Hatf Orphans, $5,000; Port Society, $5,000; American Bible Society, $6,000; Yale College, $2,000. ‘The Fenians of thie city and Brooklyn have doter. mined to take part in the procession on the approaching ‘St, Patrick’s Day, and {t ts expected that at least twenty thousand of them will be tn line. ‘Tho report by our Albaay correspondent of the recent excursion of the Poughkeepsie joe buat fleet to Albany forms a description of a novel and oxelting style of yacht. ing. The squadron consisted of three yachts, driven by the wind, but running on the icy surface of the river, and thelr trip was o very stporssful ons, Ia the matter of speed steam bears no comparison te them, as a portion of the time they travelled ever a mile ® minute, and the entire runaing | Poughkeepsie to Albany was jew tan owe toda ait Pan Francisso advices give later scseante of the war ia New Zealand between treopa and the Maorts, which was still being on with much ferocity. The Batives fought deaperately, but continued to tees greaed, having recently met with @ dimetreus defeat. made @vervarys for peacd, whith were rejected by aa meetoncer was robbed in O. Lewis yester- tape rola ening tony heed dott wore dell. Gold cloned an 10th 3 Busineds wes wonderiaily dull yesterday, the oon. 2 NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY FEBRUARY 16, 1860. tinued depression in gold contributing to the tnactivity ‘geually incident to the closing day of the week. But tele was done either on or off 'Change, Petroleum was inactive ang lower. Cotton was nominally lowor. Sugar was a trifle easior. Coffee was steady. On 'Change flour was inactive, and common brands wore lower, Wheat was easier, Corn'was unaltered, Pork and lard were firmer, and whiskey was nominal. How to Please the Radicals and Restore the Union. Bince it seems to be settled that Congress, is over, and has therefore disbanded the army; but Lieutenant General Stevens insists that the laws of the nation for the North; but a new set of laws and another kind of court, called the Froedmen’s Bureau, are in actual operation at the South. This state of affairs cannot con- tinue much longer without dangerous diffi- culties and serious complications both here and abroad. Let us see, then, if we cannot suggest an easy and practical solution of this perplexing governmental problem. It is agreed upon all sides that if the South- orn delegations were admitted to Gongress the Union would then be restored, the South would assume @ legitimate position in the nation, and all minor matters would soon arrange them- selves, This being understood, the next quos- tion is in regard to the objeotions made by the Jacobins to the admission of the Southern delegates. We hold, with the President and the vast majority of the-people, that the South ought to send us loyal representatives; but this doos not appear to meet the requirements of the Jacobins as fully as it should. On the contrary they treat the loyal Southorn repre- sentatives just as they treat the rebels, The doors of Congress are ds strictly barred against Union mon as against traitors. Upon this point there is no distinction end no discrimination. Only the other dey Colonel Jolson, of Ar- kansas, who served gallantly in the Union army during the war, was denied the courtesy Of entrance to the floor of the House, upon whiob, in our opinion, he has just as much right to « seat as any of the Jacobins who voted to refuse him this privilege, sider such COnauCT As but we are-now dealing with facts as they aro, and -not as they ought to be. And the frots are, a8 everybody knows, that the Jacobins do mot object to the disloyal record of certain representatives of the South and do not ap- Prove of the loyal record of others; but they reject the whole Southern delegation indis- oriminately—old and young, rich and poor, loyal and rebel, good fellows and gram fellows, those. who can make speeches and those who cannot, those who give dinners and those .who do not, those who will take the oath and those who will not, those who love their liquor and those who belong to temperance socie- ties, the tall and the short, the stout and the slim, the just and the unjust, the homely and the handsome. No matter what a man is or has been, if he come as a Southern delegate he oannot get into Congress. But, in spite of all this, there is still a mode by which the South may secure representation in our national councils, not only with the oon- sent of the Jacobins, but with their enthusiastic approbation and assistance. One distinction the Jacobins are ready and anxious to make, and it is the only one which has not yet boen presented to them by the Southorn people. If the comments of the Jacobin orators and or- gans upon the recent interview botween Presi- dent Johnson and the nogroos be attentively considered, and if the speech of Chief Justice Chase, when introducing Fred Douglas to o Washington audience, be carefully weighed, we shall find « clue which will onablo us to Clear up this whole imbroglio. It is the color of the Southern delegates which is so ob- noxious to the Jacobins in Congress. They do not oare for a Southern represontative’s record or bis character; but if he be 8 white man they at once docide against him. They hold that the only traly loyal men at the South are the negroes, who raised provi- sions to keep the rebel armies in the field, and did all the hard work upon those rebel forts and batteries to capture which so many of our gallant soldiors sacrificed their lives. This being the Jacobin theory the South has only te conform to it and there will be no further trouble. Lot # fine, likely lot of big, strap- ping negroes—each with a face as black as ink, eyes and tecth as white as snow, hair ag He f ft 27 hate HE i The South will be, | obuntey; as an Bir. Summer's 6 the Whole Duty of the Nation and the Only Keoape from Our DiMicultics. : Mr. Summer, in his Senatorial pleading in the case of the negro, hae given to the country an elaborate evidence of the utterly impractl- cable and visionary character of his political views. His oration is sdmirable in all purely literary respects, and indicates an abundant industry and research; but its theories of soolety, its interpretations of the constithtion and its assumptions as to the history of the country and of the war are inadmissible, ex- copting only what is said of the constitutional amendment, He touches that point but little, as if, conscious of its strength, he would leave itand give his attention to fortifying weaker ones—going in this just contrary to the advice of the great orator, that the weak points should be touched lightly, as if they were perfectly safe, and the great fight be made on those that ‘We are assured that the “sole solution of our present troubles and anxloties” is to place the negro on 8 political level with the white man. And here at the outset is a keynote to all argu- ments and all theories, Everything is bent ‘to this direction and dlatorted to harmonise with this thonght. The full politioal-eqaality of the two races is demanded ag justice to the negro; as anabsolute necessity to the welfare of the tied promise of the fathers of the republic, and as a requirement of the constitution. It is justioe to the negro, be- cause In bis present condition he is “despoiled of his righte”—those natural rights alluded to in the proamble to the Declaration of Independ- ence; and {It is an unfulfilled promise of the fathers because that preamble and tho asser- tion that “all mon are born free and equal” were promises made to the negro ag part of the people. Suspeoting that these arguments will be deemed unsubstantial, others are advanced of quite a different char- acter, It is declared that the constitution guar- antees negro suffrage, becausa it guarantees a republic, and that is nota republic where all men are not equal; and it is further de- clared tht the suffrage is an absolute necessity of the times; because without it the abolition of slavery will prove to be a nullity, and the nogro cannot be maintained in his freedom; because withont it reoonstraction cannot go on, and the poace of the country fs never safe; be- canse it is the only moans to prevent the pay- mont of the robel debt, and {ts denial will lead the way to ropudiation and directly induce na- tional bankraptoy. Much of this will-sound extravagant; but, as Mr. Sumner’s position is not that of one who states with calm impar tality the condition of the country, but that of the advocate who urges passionately the claims of a class, we must expect this fervor. And there is a certain advantage in this; for, as the people wish to do no wrong, it is woll that they should ‘have the onse of those: whose welfare they are to determine put before them with the most forcible statement of which that case is capable. © Tho arguments which regard the suffrage ahitherto denied right and that which bases it on the constructive promise of the Fathers of the Republic are of the same class. They are found@f-ea the philosophical notion of natural Tt was @ fine enough fancy whioh clothed man in some primitive state witha natural right to do without restraint all that man might desire ‘to do, and whioh then supposed that law came and restrained him in the exer- clse of his rights, but restrained one man more than another, and that thus law was the parent of inequality. But this was fancy merely, and a fancy of philosophers engaged in a oru- sade against law; and it was pernicious in so far as it made law seem to be the foundation of innumerable wrongs. It, moreover, direotly falsified the history of the haman race. Law never did take away any rights, but was tho first powor on the earth that gave men rights and assured tho exercise of those rights. All rights rest on law. Law resirains wrong only. It displaced in tho world the dominton of frre- sponsible force, which was the denial of all right except that founded on might, But tho philosophical theory was fashionable in the world when the Declaration of In was written. It was fashionable with men whom Jefferson admired, and it became part of the preamble of the great docu- ment. It was, perhaps, nct unnatural that such a revolutionary theory should become part of that noble revolutionary pro- gramme. And now Mr. Sumner, resting on it, tells us, “our wholo duty now contres in the performance of those sacred promises which are coeval with the national life.” But how #0? Beenuse tho founders of the republic made in thelr platform an extravagant state- ment, does that impose on us an insane attempt to carry it out? Is the Declaration of Independ- ence law? Itis the fault of men of Mr. Samner’s stamp that they do not properly distinguish between facts and fancies—between the laws that a nation must live and die by—and those vague theories only proper to amuse the olegant retitement of the echolar. Mr. Sumner praotically tells us that the preamble to the Declaration of Independ- ence—a revolutionary programme, pure and the ity to echo against Sumner the scorn that Sumner utters against others? He applies the same profitiess species of as with the natural righta. Promises founded on the Declaration of Independence reat on no foundation at all, so faras the law goes; for the declaration was superseded by the con- meen ri the parts of the declaration that country was not to were lof ont ‘That promioe wea one a bone past Mr. Sumner assumes that not to perform this superseded promise is “moral and political bankraptoy.” And here again we see his failuré to distinguish between the real and the ideal. He is led on by this word bank- ruptey, and, forgetting that he has called it “moral” only, rushes forward to say that it {s repudiation, and then that it must lead to “the repudiation of the financial obligations of the country.” Here is a climax, and all out of alittle metaphor. Bankruptcy that is only moral, political, figurative, is at once made equal with the real bankruptcy that would be a national calamity. Is there no distinction between “words and facts!” Those parts of the oration which claim suffrage for the negro as a necessary policy of the nation will require but little answer by argument; for the country and the world—all mon ovutéide the radical republican party— will cumpletely. deny the truth of the points from whieh they start. “Without emancipation, followed by the arming of the slaves, rgbel slaveholders would not have been overcome.” Without nogro soldiers we would not have put the rebellion down. This is tho first in magnitude of the many absolutely false statements that we are re- quired to accept, not on any evidence, but on more aasertion, “Yielding to necessity the ne- groes were armed;” and all the country knows that it was not yielding to necessity, but to radical clamor and machination, and that even tho machinery of the government was useil to defer the hour of success that this measure might be made to seem necessary, and 80 be forced upon us. “Emancipation will fail with- out enfranchisement;” the negro cannot be kept free unless made a voter; the gift of suffrage alone can make the destraction of slavery real. Even the author of this makes no attempt to prove it. All this and the pre- tences that “this republic can only be saved by making the negro a voter”—that the rebel debt can only be kept down and the national credit kept up by the same moans—are mere pieces of declamatory nonsense, Mr. Sumner has worked himself into s pnésion and oon- jured up this phantasmagorla of national bhor- rors, and doubtless believes it all .real; but the country, which is quite calm and cool meanwhile, knows better. Any eye can see through all this that has not the radical fine frensy in it Itis@ singular human charao- teristio that men come to believe what they are always declaring to be trae, though they at firat knew it to be falsa: Thomas Jefferson, in the time of the Revolution, observed of tho writers in the pay of the British Ministry that they had ‘lied so tong and so persistenfly against us that the ministry which paid for the lies had come to bélieve them, that the people led about believed them also, and that finally the very liars themselves came to believe in what they wrote. It is the samo with party men and:their party opinions, We tears 5 bE Plain in any other way Mr. Sumncr’s the above absurdly false statements which he lnys down as accepted truths, “ Mr. Bumner’s argument on the fourth article of the constitution is manifestly airdrawn. His positionts taken on the requirement of tho constitution that we shall guarantee a republi- oan form of government to every State. He makes this apply to negro suffrage by a forcing process that would have overturned the whole fabric of States as they were known to the fathers. Ho has first to find out what a repub- Moan form of government is, in order to know whatit is that the constitution guarantece—and this brings him to definitions. No known def- nition of a republic fits into his argumont, and all hitherto accepted are cast away. He then makes s new one, to the exact measare of his purpose, according to which the essential con- dition of republic is that “all the oltizens shall have an equal voice in the government.” Nelther the Southern States nor any othor places in the known world come up to this dofi- nition. He therefore finds that those States aro not republics, but aristocracies; and calls upon Congress to guarantee that they shall be re- publics, by giving all their people a voice in the government—that is, by negro suffrage. The definition of a republic is drawn from “the fathers,” and this argument is fathered on those worthy men, But it must be granted that tho fathers knew their own thoughts as well as Mr. Sumner does, Undoubtedly jf the Southern Btates are aristocracies now, when all theniggers are free, they were aristocracies in the last century, when all the negrocs were slaves; and therefore the fathers assented that aristocracies might be sufficiently republican to satisfy the requiroment of the law, or they could not have acknowledged those communities. Southern Biates, if this objection be good, have always been open to it, The fathers in their lives did not urge it, and sow Mr. Sumner tramps it up out of their literary remains. Perhaps it was the aristocratic nature of Southern institutions that guarded eo well the phraseology of the constitution on this point, The instrument only calls for governments republican “in form.” Apparently they may be anything in spirit—it ie the form that is stipulated for—the legislators giving the law only « grasp on their terpretation of Shakspere, and to support theo- ties also. It was not considered honest then, when only-s poor little theory was at stake. What should be sald of it when such meansare employed to overset States that were on possibly be reput'fles, and relics upon these misty phrases as audi ‘orities better than the law and as evidences bette." than the notorious life- long practices of the aufi‘ore of the phrases. He istils from the of the fathers that which indeed is the true sirit of a republic, but which never was more than a political dream, except so far as realised with uss and we, even in the favored North, pnly reach it in theory, and not at all in the practice of our institutions. But the argument on the consti- tutional guarantee may be taken from the other point on which Mr. Sumner rests it—the consent of the governed. He impeaches the republi- Noanism of Tennesse, because it governs one quarter of its people “without their consent,’ and he straightway proposes to make law for the other three quarters without their consent, and not only without their consent, but against their expressed will and in their absence, He denounces Alabama for disfranchising half her people, and he asks the Senate to imitate what he denounces. But he reste the proposal to govern the States ‘against their will on the absolute necessity, the instinct of-selfpreser- vation and the rights of war; “which:do sot lose their grasp except with the estublishment of all needful ‘guarantees ;” and the Southern States rest their right to govern a part of the Population without their consent on exactly the same principles—the absolute necessity of the preservation of society, the instinct of sélf- defence, and the rights of war acquited’over the slave by those who sold him into slavery, which rights were transferred ‘to the purchaser. Thus there is no great difference between Mr. Sumner'’s position toward the Southern white man and that white man’s position toward the negro. Hore and there in this oration we come upon striking, if not quite new, reflections whose truth no reader of history can doubt. One of the finest of these is that “no individual and no people the negro; but are we not under equal obii- gation to be just tothe white man? Mr. Sum- ner seems to suppose ‘that the Injustice is greater or less according to the number of per sons on whom it falls. Are we then to com- pletely throw down and trample upon the Southern white man forthe eake of the South- ern nogrot Shall we ignore and deny the rights of five millions im order thet we may be just to three millions? Have’ white people of the Sonthorn tes felted their humanity’and all ‘claim our justice by their one grand error of: bellion? The Senator proposes against what he fears for the negro, and thus his ance as to injustice outs as. the other. In his deliborate exactly what he denounces, let that the world will ‘ fFaite F £ j i F i F i g i 1 e : Fe 4 eS Q a3 i r l ! é iH | t sé § ite H FF E | { i FE tf j F f ate if i iH Pi | i ; | minister bad been invited by both houses and by Mr. Seward himself It appears, farther; that Mr. Seward, “instead of scoking to extenu- ate Mr. Bancrofl’s expression, at once contested) the Austrian Minister's right to complain of ft, and that the Cabinet of Vienna had several times declared its intention of remaia- ing aloof from Mexican affairs.” Of course this answer was unsatisfactory to Count Wy- denbronck; for it did not lessen the insult of calling the brother of his Emperor “an Aastrian adventurer.” But thus the matter stands, It next appears that the British Minister, Frederick Bruce, has so far been insulted by Bancroft’s caustic review of England’s perfidy as to decline to be prosent at a certain dinner at which the offending orator was to be one (¢ the party. From these suggestive incidents we draw the gratifying conclusion that Bancroft’s has made the diplomatic circles at the ii Fe ' gf os Fé Hi had reason to sup-