The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1866, Page 8

4 MO gt — UTH AMERICA. in Brazil, or reduced to servitude in the Arganuing or Oriental republic; not to cont! ab any 804 of atrocity ; warning your Excellency that the failut your answer, the continuation of prisoners of war in service against i i ition 6f thi flag iscuo rane meas pa ofan er hon ‘ , Z Arrive. of the Steamship South Ameri- | eercr'ca'n part which Pave tl no oma how . use, repngnance, a ‘an Rio Janeiro, Brazilian and tizens, whether prisonéta Of toad - or not, found in “ ratry of the republic, or in whichever its army ™4y occupy, will suffer in their per- sons, lives and pre yerty the most rigorous re] ® T await in the tor THE PLATE WAR. |sormet ihn, Sipe 'bo dalvert at te Pano a MikAry and Naval Forces of the Allies Concentrating at Corrientes, =~ Sere anna eee Bavy Losses on Both Sides from Starvation and Disease, Got, preserye your Excellency many years, gig ie FRANCISCO 8, LOPEZ PRESIDENT MITRE TO PRISIDENT 1OPRR, Haavgquanrers, Orrostre Bevis Vista, Nov, 2 1865. Te his Excellency the President of the Reyubli¢; of Para- nay, MARSHAL D, FRaxcieco 8. LOPe/ c= T'tetstred he ‘ctmatnunication: Your Excellency ad- dressed ‘to me as General-in-Chic¢ of tho allied army, from your headquarters at Hu-spiita, under date of the 20th inst., in which, after reverving to facts that you suppose not in accordance ‘#ith the laws of war, perpe- trated by the allied arm‘es against the Paraguayan pris- oners of the battle of Yatay and surrender of Uru- guayans, as well a8 o-ners whicn your Excellency caume- rates, your Exceliency invites me to the obsdryance of me those Lilet inaa that you will use reprisals if the cortrary 1e case. (HE SUPPOSED PEACE NEGOTIATIONS, | se tens cistacauainved with your Broslencys nove st i ‘which your Excellency mentions, as also the grave ~ woeeee charges against the sentiments of humanity and self- dignity on the part of the allied armies against the Para- guayans in arms who have fallen inte their power, are somo entirely false and others disfigured; all, perchance, owing to passionate and supposed information trans- mitted to your Excellency, and it is remarkable that a moment of reflection should not have convinced your mind of the falsity of such information. The government of my country, as well as those of the empire of Brazil.and Oriental republic, having been erg in the imperative duty of sallying forth in de- ce of their honor, dignity and tho gy Sk of their ' Official Corr ¢spondence Between Pre-~ side sts Lopez and Mitre. SKETCHE (8 OF THE BRAZILIAN CABINET. oat Aerritory, erously attacked by your Excellency in a yo ea age Gas, ~ ie nations, nop ing, during com) Peace, their land fortifications, an Einiz jration from the United | ther ships, witout a previous declaration of war, which certainly gi to such aggressions; ives a character of ay and having to save from death and the most barbarous depredations the lives and property of their respective citizens, both in the imperial provinces of Matto Grosso and Rio Grande, and in the Argentine one of Corientes; have endeavored to make that defence under strict sub- jection to the prescriptions of right in cases of interna- tional war. And they have done 60, not only through duty and honor, but also because having seen with indignation and repugnance the vio- lence and crimes of all kinds committed by your Excellency’s forces in the villages and other points of Brazilian and Argentino territory which you have had the fortune to occupy, even though momentar- ily, could not incur the same crime they accused you of; neither could they, nor ought they, to present before the eivilized and Christian world other example but that which they are accustomed to do with their armies, who had and have the noble mission of obtaining redress for their national honor, and not of pillaging defenceless le and private property, as your Excellency’s forces have done, as soon as on both banks of the Uruguay they | trod Argentine and Brazilian soil, as far as the villages of } Bruges and Passo dos Livres, which they attained, | Teaving these villages and all the country aronnd com: pletely destroyed, a large portion of the spoils having inued good. been transported ‘and placed at the isposal of your Ex- cellency in Paraguay, and by your orders, as proved “Owing to recent arrivals from the United States the mar- by the communications — your Excellency ‘ad- stot was fully supplied. dressed at different times to Colonel Estiguartbia, ‘The demand for breadstuffs and provisions continued | Commander of those Paraguayan forces, which Piha original communications are in the hands of the Brazilian government, whilst the army your Exeel- ORE lency sent into this province of Corientes anil which ad- Our Rio Janciro Correspondence. vanced as far as the Passo de Sta, Luzia, has committed Rv Janno, Jan. 2, 1866, THE LOPES-MITRE CORRESPONDENCE. acts still more atrocious, carrying violently away all the cata lo of thousands of farms, geting fre to habitations ‘turns out that, the mysterious letter of Prosident | 274 leaving thousands ae ee 8 neler be the wide prairies which they have devastated; carryin, “Lopes, of Paraguay, to President Mitre, Chief of the Ar- | their inhumanity, or ane, your Excellency’s, bohen$ Gentine Confederation, to which I alluded in my last, | orders Se eee aan cnt ae far a8 tho, ieee Ly ing away from their homes as prisoners of ‘WaNEet « propoms) of pence-after all, but, on the canhe- ||" pes tien, the innonent comsoriaand tender chidron, or ‘Fy, a fierce deflance. The correspondence abounds in | the pairictic and brave chieftains belonging to the Argen- much hifalutin, and repeated allusions to the dignity of She correspondents. The ‘God preserve your Excellency ‘many years’’ of Lopez, after threatening “carnage and utting of throats’ generally, is amusingly refreshing, tine army, who had remained in the different points occupied by your Excellency’s forces, believing The following is a translation of the correspondence :— PRESIDENT LOPEZ TO PRESIDENT MITRE. you capable of observing these same prescriptions Haavquantars 4t Humarra, Nov. 20, 1865. States. BA sLROAD ENTERPRISE IN BRAZIL. Ree Re. Re. ‘Tee steamship South America, Captain Tinklepaugh, Brom Rio de Janciro January 2, reached this port yester- ‘aay. Her nows is most interesting, and will be found A@otailed in tho letters of our-correspondents published Below. * Our dates by this arrival are:— you now mvoke in favor of Paraguayan prisoners; we have the right to doubt the sincerity of him who has forgotten them, as your Excellency hag, done, even with women and children. All these facts, which are of public and evident notoriety, will be an eternal ignominy to him who has ordered, authorized or ‘To his Excellency the President-of the Argentine Repub- | consented to them, and ently your Exeellenc; Me, bess wrangy Bartuotomko Mitre, General-in- | will peated for them, not only before the allied Chief of the Allied Army :— nations who war against you to-day, but also before ‘As General-in-Chief of ‘the Allied Armies at war with | the whole worl , that has been wnanimons in raising a ‘Wis Fepubdlic, I have the honor to address the following | ¢ exocration against you. te Fool Excellency :— 6 wounded and saved from the conflicts in the imperious necessity which sometimes com- | which the allied armies have been triumphant, have pels and their governments to decide, through an | been the first recelved und treated in the army hospitata ‘Bppeal to arms, ions that affect thetr vital interest#, | on a par with the wounded of the allied army; and I “BW war broke out between this republic and the States | coul say they have been even ‘more fuvored, by the whose armies your excellency commands. In such | compassion and pity they naturally inspired, as mueh by eases it is the usual practice among civilized nations to | the state of nakeduers and misery in which they were Jessen the evils of war, by means of poe laws, strip- | found, as by their position of unfortunate victing it of actions of cruelty and which, dis- | of an’ ill-ad raler, who has led them to death in f humanity, stigmatise with an indelible stain | a war as unfounded as it ix unjust, provoked by a ‘the chiefs who order, authorize, protect or suffer them, | capricious and arbitrary will. Thus it is that, far from Seren from your Excellency and your allies. | compelling enter the ranks of the allied consciousness of this duty,one of my first iy. or treating them with severity, they have all been arm treated with humanity and benevolence, many baving been eet at liberty, others sent in considerable numbers to different towns, and a portion of them destined to pas- sive service in the field hospitals, where their own com- Fades were being cured. It-is true that many of them have had ingress into the ranks of the allied army, but their own will and their having requested it, a favor ares was to order the observance of all the consideration with which ali prisoners, of whatever class they might ‘be, should be treated and kept with due respect to their and, in fact, they have enjoyed all the comforts ae ‘and even’ all the liberty compatible with their The government of the republic bas granted the fullest ‘and most ample lon, not only to the Argentine, | which could not be denied them, when thelr country. + . Brazilian ental citizens who inhabited it# terri: | men in the territory of the allied nations bad sponta, PH f ; or whom the chances of war placed under its power neously be to be armed as soldiers, and their right ‘bai has even eg ore am ntegpergeti ie very pri- | as such ha n acknowledged, soners of war. e strict discipline of the juayen These are the princi arges that your Excellency’ ermy while in Argentine and Brazilian territory fully cor- | note contains, at I bave said is raficient not ets Foborates it; and even the families and interests of those | to destroy them, but also to cause the responsibility Mey Te in _arms against the republic have been pra | for acts of barbarity to fall on him who has com- Yeoted and respected. mitted them, and that, unfortunately, have occur- In the meantime, however, your Excellency initiated | red in the present war. I might also say the the war with excesses and atrocities; with the imprison. | same in regard to the isolated facts “which ‘ment of the agent of the republic at Buenos Ayres, the | your Excellency hag mentioned; but the falsity of some @hizen Felix isquiga, the order for arrest and-conse- | and exaggeration of others is so notorious that it would HLM, Bersecutlon of the citizen Jose Russ Caminos, | be idle te-cnter upon a refutation. of them: tach ee General of the republic near your government, being in War, as we are, and the question having to 324, °F, Bie son, Don Jone Felix, compelting them to | be decided by arma Your Excellency will comprehend an asylum under the fol the friendiy of her Britannic Majesty; the seizure and of the public and private funds of those citi- zens, a6 well those in their own possession as those on in different banks; the imprisonment of the citi- | has existed, it being remarkable that even for the sen Cypriano Ayala, a simple bearer of dispatches: the | of the position your Excellency faced. itself i tearing down of the national coat of arms from | in that republic, you should have igned in a serious ‘the consulate of the republic, to be dragged through the | note and with your signature, the fear mreets; the public shooting at the of the President | wickedly directed by the band of an Argentine gpneral, of the So ye 1 declege to your Kxsellency thet I do not believe you the port of Rozario; the atrocious murder committed such ® manner, iY pod nid the’ habit Spaega! Coceres, tn the village of Saladas, on the of always doi this honor to the generals of ‘of te second lieutenant D. Marcellino Ayala, who the enemy T have had to encounter, I am compelled to Being wounded fell into his power, and ‘woul do the same towards your Excellency. As a consequence Bot consent to raise his sword hi of all I have mentioned, and as a prevention against the and the barbarous treatment with which the same | abuses which your Excellency commit, and which General put an end to the days of lieutenant Faus spirit of note makes me foresee, I fc de- tino ‘at Bella Vista; the clare to your Excellency that the ind of the lives Sith which the wounded in the battle of Yatay, have | of Argentines, Brazilians and Onentais: whom yosr ter Been put to the knife; aud the sending ef the cellency may have taken by chance or and open and r Excel- not had ‘a aingle If, not. being a lay aside their ‘sad nd in thelr dofore having ‘obtalned the toon eee Tights as such, as thove of the allied army are in thie re | plete reparation of thelt: wrongs; aviog, tha Vea, pape of them, after the will of God, to the power of thelr ferent renvounters, ant parhewanf the kes mt cry. | Smt Aud notto any Tgnoble a yagaiant womes toa fe § en at . end U to take ‘up arms against their country, | sed, Againet defencelees men or sae ‘Wop increasing by thousands the '¢ forces of yor ‘@rmy, mak'ng them traitors to deprive them of their } q: resointions that wights as citizens, and taking away from them the re- reuse fe triple stance may take after sce! . imotest hope of returning to the boom of their familics your Excellency’s @ them td end country, either by means of an exchange of prison. quainted at the present ‘as also of this, my answer, re or by any other transaction; and such as have re. od preserve your Excell é sisted Gs a roving their own country oars been immedi- BARTHOLOMEW MITRE, ly ancrificed. jose who have not sh: , =e iniltows lot have served other ends nolo | The allied armies, by Iatest advices, were continuing on their march, The Bragfiians, under Osorio, had ar- rived on the Parana, at Empodrado, twenty-five miles from Corrientes and about sixty from Passo da Patria. About eight thousand troops, in vessels ascending the Parana, should join them there, and likewise abou! four thousand from R'o Grande, which nad already crossed the att for a great number have beeu and there reduced to servitude: and ‘Chose ben} from the color of their skin.could not be so ~ @anily I, have been sent to Uruguay and the Argen- a6 presents of curious beings subject This scorn, not only of the laws those of humanity; thie compulsion, as ia infamous, that places Paraguayan pris. eners death and treason, between death and | Santa Lucia on their march. ntine iy Slavery isthe first example of the’ kind 1 know io the | Bella Vita, and Genera Piston Walk tear enee of wars, and it is to your Exceliengy, the Em. | fantry, six hundred eavairy and ten pieces of cannon, Peror of Brazil aod the actual ruler of the Uriental re | was pushing on for Tranqueira de Loreto. y - Public. your allies, that the honor is due of producing ‘and executing such horrors. . The Fprecuayan government has never, by any of ite Mets, either before or afier tho war, provoked so much ity. entine, Brazilian and Oriental citizens oy full )\berty to withdraw with all their property , OF to re forces, republic and Argentine territory ocrupied by =f The Paraguayans had nin thew, as most Convenient. eeht over some troops at Passo My goverament respected the stipulations agreed | da Patria into Corrien and f i great fo international treaties, when in war, without ever | fear existed in the city ot Gorrienten, am Coseres iad fre that such treaties were at an end, considering n loughed yo part of his comi ; but the Para- inciples as in the interest purely of humanit om town made no advances towards statiot Donor. it never forgst the decorum of Ne Ihemaelves within the timber along the aiver at thet , the consideration it ower to all govern. Poet to the Chief of the state pren in ye prosent the Geet there és nothing of for the im of the coun- | river was most unseasouably tow, weveral 4 Excellency or | steamers and a gunboat bad groun wate ence of {t follow you. as | the unusual shallowness of the water. y For same ny Argentine, Onewtal or departure of Admiral Tamendaré, ms the 4 ii jg yacht weeny tho ont he mae heey, rs oe 4 RE # war ac. ies been dismissed in great ae horrore, sytborizing sethe r*y reas of Tatre figs. ‘age Of the atrocious means I have eocmer. | most hostile to the glottal soversineet sic to the allies! ' time public copecience wh) brand ome lt Rosario, the batallion General Paz quar- aa > sans Waly inti nd after a conflict im Lod v eee oe Rah ig hy ie ere. I the supreme te hove Geum ereahear tas teeta ae ri, on my part, nara frontier of the Confederation eon. puch acta, - eee om the settlers there, A me to let ; and for such ne of cae barnes had crossed over into assy ex Ae td pe ibe party relied’ * re im war; 10 grant . from ‘variour provinces war the ‘meat of fo the Plate; qnd from the ot the War Thaibar is tone, oasiarcd | ave iy noida tl ts overs a ewe NEW, YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1998,-WITH SUPPLEMENT, , ment a‘@ almaing to put into service a considerable in. | Siates and thé peor? at al the aa crease to {a0 stress dy large omy aud squadron in the willie: ‘the.fouth, even to the Te Latest, ~~ eBoy inst the sano, ere me ee rere f ugh to endeavor to tuate in hoses allied amnee Wor? os teat 2b ferences, I have been idformed on good ing directly Mrpody---v da Patria, where General 7 that Boutierners who, say they intond to stile wha be? uf cavalry was watching the are endeavoring to stipul with the a Novos iad a withdrawn across the Parana, General t to allow no person from the Northern to Pe aT srmod ajunction with General, Castro’s cavalry | join their community. How could they expect 9% en- Qnd was at ipahay, about a bundrod miles southeast | lightened government iike Brazil to listen to 8UcD a pro- from Passe, 1? Ihave even been told that the Emreror himself About “ive tho troops had arrived at Corrientes | has been approachea by certain Southerners, who have for the. Brazitian army, besides some cavalry; and more | bad the audacity to make some such pro‘yosition to him— wer on their way at Buenos A‘ Montevideo, &c. thus desiring him to Fesognise a defur g¢ rebellion against ._"she iron-clad Tamandaré had reached the city of Cor- | a nation with which he bas always, hoon at amity, and rientes and was to join the fleet, with some other ves- sels, in @ fewdays. The fleet remained above Cor. rientes, as last reported, inactive; but the river was rising, and it was understood that when the allied armies arrived opposite Passo da Patria the fleet would co- operath and protect the crossing of the troops at that ford where, however, the Paraguayans are posted in force and have fortifications. By a French gunboat from Asuncion it is known that the smallpox had committed much ravage among the troops and citizens of that capital, Lopoz had issued antother proclamation to his troops exhorting them to fight beng! against the eneumes invading Paraguayan terri tory. lumaita is said to be protected by torpedoes laid down by a North American engineer. It is probable, however, that the army that will cross at Paso da Patria will force its way to the rear of the fortress and capture it from the land side. Reports are prevalent of reverses to the altied arms; but I have been unable to trace them to any reliable source, The worst general the allies have to contend against is general hunger; and it is said be is slaying his fifty or so per day. GENERAL WOOD'S MISSION. The Anglo-Brazilian Times of January 2 says:—Gen- eral Wood goes by the South America to the United States, returning from his mission to ths country—a mis- sion whith, we trust, will be productive of good. Gen- eral Wood has received the most cofdial reception from the people of Brazil, and we can guarantee that a like friendly hand will be held out to those he represents should they determine on coming to Brazil. The gov- ernment of Brazil is prepared to furnish them facilities; and General Wood's views as to the government furnish- ing one vessel gratuitously to the emigrants, to every two furnished by the latter, has met with the sanction of the Minister of Agriculture, - Rio Janwino, Jan, 2, 1866. CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR'S DAY. ‘The series of holidays, consequent on the birth of our Lord and the commencement of the new year, may be raid to have come to a close—if, indeed, the manner in which the season has been anything but celebrated may entitle such season to the term “‘holiday.”? Beyond the fact of the Emperor going to the midnight mass in state on Christmas eve I have nothing to record asa speciality of the manner in which the festival of the Nativity was observed. In fact the Christmas season 1s not so much thought of or observed in Roman Catholic countries as that of Faster. It is in Protestant England that the natal day is best observed, though, I regret to say, with “maimed rites”? 1 the present age; while in New York it is being regarded, from year to year, with increased affection. New Year's Day was almost as dull as Christmas. It was, indeed, a public holiday, so far as the Custom House and other public offices are concerned, but the stores were all open, as on any other day. Nothing de- noted the coming in of the new year save the ringing of the church bells in the morning—an almost noteless operation. I was surprised that there was no special bell ringing on the three days following Christmas, in honor of Saint Stephen, Saint John the Evangelist, and Holy Innocents. Beyond the daily mass, there was no more observance of these days, which are so strictly observed by the more faithful among the clergy of the Church of England and the sister church of America. THE WRAZIIAN MINISTRY. So much for the season; now for matters of a more secular nature. Great sensation has been caused here, and much effence taken, not only by Brazilians but by residents from the United Statcs, at a short article which appeared in the Herarp of @ date late in November, based on statements made in Southern papers to the effect that there is not a pure white man in the Brazilian Ministry, but that they are all blacks and mulattoes. The design of these rs was evidently to discourage emigration to Brazil. Whether emigration from the United States, North or South, is desirable or ‘not, is a question apart; but it is wicked to misrepresent matters with the view of either encouraging or discourag- ing such a movement. I have bech at some pains to be- come wainted with the persnncl of the members forming the present ministry of the Emperor Dom Pedro the Second. Here it is, in brief. It speaks for itaelf:— THE PREMIER—PEDRO DE ARANJO LIMA, MARQUIS DE OUINDA, ‘Th's gentleman ig a Portuguesa by birth, and. was one of the most prominent members of the colonial govern- ment when Brazil was a dependency of Port In 1823 he was ® member of the Constituent Assembly (Con- e new vention) _ toframe the con: titution of — le was a mninister of the empire and Premier in 1827, 1828 and 1837, Minister of Justi ¢ in 1832, of Foreign Affairs.ia the same year, Premier again in 4657, in which year he became sole nt. The is decorated with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Hongr He is also @ Knight of the Order of Christ, and has foreign decorations. Besides, he is weil and fav ly known in the several diplomatic circles of Europe, is Excellency is a pure white. MINISTER OF JUSTICE—SENATOR JOSE THOMAZ NANUCO DE AKANIO. He oecupied the position which he now holds in 1862, and he stands at the head of the Jegal profession in Bra- zil. He is also the author of several works of recognized merit on jurisprudence. Before entering the arena of polit.cs he Was a professor of Roman law at the University of St. Paolo, Senator Aranjo is of Portuguese descent, and is a pure white. FOREIGN AFPAIR®—JOSE ANTONIO SARAIVA, A Deputy from Bahia and Councillor of State. A spe- cial envoy to the River Pilate to treat with the govern- ment of Uraguay in 1864-65. In 1857 he was Minister of Marine. He is a brother of the Bishop of Maranhar, one of the finest orators in the country. His acquaintance with Europe is very extensive, through imany years res! dence there. He is of pure Portuguese descent, of a no- bie family and thoroughly white. PINANCE—JOSE PEDRO DIAS DE CARVALHO, Senator from Minas, his native province, one of the ‘most ultra white districts of the whole empire. He is a self-educated man, ‘born MP td bot honest parents.'’ He is a lawyer of distinction, has travelled m Europe and is well versed in the afluirs of the outside world, Of course: do Carvaiho is a pure white. MARINE—FRANCISCO DR PAULA DA SILVIRA Loa, for the fA be | —_ bag At the chiefe of the i party, @ ity, Portuguese parents, native of Minas, white. WAR—ANGELO MONIE DU SILVA PERRAZ, Councillor of State and Senator from Bahia. He is decor- ated with several European orders. In 1860 he was Minister of Agriculture. He is the author and of many financial reforms. In fact he is a “live man,’ ay any Be TRUNCNOD Pe Paths 3 s0cED Beate trent Paulo, son of one of the most prominent men in the ‘nator Paulo Soura—the province irito ntlemen comes of Cor Geo. W. Thoriey, rej nting certain planters of Louisiana; Major Charies Clarke, fo Texas, and Henry Loats, a Northerner, long resident in this city, who was the artist and interpreter of the party. I have experienced considerable difficalty in obtainis information in respect to the proceedit of this part} ‘and of their intentions and prospects; or the jority of the regard 5 5 f H 3 a, F 3 : composing it seem to me as one of that respectable confraternity yelept * there. fore they endeavor to ‘keep dark” in regard to what occurred during their trip and what they intend to make of it; Duta man must be as cunning as the Old Serpent himself who can absolutely hide anything from « i Informally, then, I have the fobiowin, facts :—The expeditionary party explored the rivers an valleys of Iterpemerin and Itabapoana, returning here on the ultimo, oy report favorably as to thelprodue- capal ese valleys. They represent them ae being favorable to the culture of cane, cot in elt with which it is his desire a8 mach as his interest to contmue in that relation, THe OPINION OP AN ANGI 4-BRAZILIAN PAPER. The following article is from the Anglo-Brazilian Times, a journal published ‘m Engtish in this city: — One of the curiosities of the present time {s the great anxi- ety manifested by the N orcherners to discourage the emigra- tion which ts taking place out of the Southern States, and to retain within the bor,ndaries of the Union that very class of men, the pla rs of the South, on whom, a few months ago, (hey were heo ping the vilest epithets of rancor, calling for their extirpation S com the face of the earth as the hatel cause of that long and blo gly war which was destroying the jairest regions of North Amer'za, and heaping up an expenditure and a debt tipon their *'4oulders which have rendered the people of the States the Jyeaviost taxed nation on the globe. men who have fought for their country and borng their share in {ts adversities unuch may be conceded, ever™ some villificasfon of countries of which they know Tittle. and of whose, free institutions they know still less, when they see with unwillingness an exodus of many of those who won the respect which brave men whu have fought together concede to one another; but what shall we say of meu here, who, keeping aloof from danger and the burdens of the war, and showing sympathy with its purpose ouly by billinysgate and unders hand intrigues, are now suddenly seized with such a warm affection for their former objects of abuse that they wayliy their Southern countryinen, and sometimes, even under tie guise of Southern syinpathizers and na: ives, try to prejudice their unwilling hearers against Brazil and i soil, climate, in. its institutions, disparaginy stitutions and even the good faith of the government itsolf. Some of these who so eagerly scek the Southern emigrants immediately on thelr arrival, to make professions of friendship and. under this pretence anxiously advise them not to judge for themselves but to return in. the + first vessel about to vail to the States, are men who have ‘acquired wealth—satin theniseloes—in the country and under the institutions amd government they Feet to dite wage, and they, it is no secret here, should be the last to freathe discredit. on the good faith yet wedge wre of mi 9 are one or two mysterious individuals, hanging on to irts of the new arrivals and making confidential com- muuieations, whose business no one knows and whose source of livelthood 1s equally mysterious to the uninitiated ublic. Pave do not think ft necessary to caution Southern emi- grants against such men here, for these emigrants are not men to take the ipse dixit of any one, unproved, or to come to this country for any other purpose than to judge with their own eves aa co its suitability for their requirements, This suitability has been found satisfactory by every one who has yet examined the country for himself, and all that is now wanting is, ont of the many districts open to settlement, to choose one offering the greatest number of advantages, wherein the various parties of emigrants here and about (0 come would settle in proximity, and thus obtain in their new home that social intercourse ainong persons of their own cus- toms and habits, and speaking their common language, which tends so much to make immigrants contented an happy tu the frst toilsome years attendant tn every country to those who change their homes to a foreign land. The government of Braxil is mos desirous of attracting emigrante 0 its uncecupied lands, and it has acted most fairly and most libes rally to.such persons, representing parties of emigrants, as desired it, by 1 them the ‘opportin ties, at government expense, any provinces they wished, and thus judging Tt has determined ing o wagon, road to the locality fixed on for the sottiement of a body of American immigrants; it pur- Poses to pay one-third the from the United States, and with regard to European immigrants the Brazilian consuls are instructed to pay the difference of tho passages: to the United States and Brazil, and it supplies land to immigrants at the lowest prices which the Brazilian law permits, The great advantages of the ellmute of Brazil, indepen- dently of the great fertility of its sol, are begining to be appreciated as it becomes known, and’ we are informed by gentleman from the Cape of Good Hope that a thousand per- spi were either darted or preparing to leave Southern AYvica for Brasil, seeing in this country a {ature for thelr efforts which they vainly looked for there or were offered in Australia or New Zealand. 6 ves. on mal THE RIO DE JANEIRO RAILROAD. I recently enjoyed a trip over the mountain railroad from this city to a distance of eighty-five miles, on the invitation of Major A. V. Ellison, ex-chief ongineer ot the road, and a real live American. The cars on this railroad are of English make, each car consisting of three compartments, entered from the side, each compartment containing eight seats; the doors are locked, after the English fashion. The cars on the Rio Janeiro road con- sist of first, second and third class, ‘The first five or six miles from the city was over a rolling country, picturesquely diversified with hills and dales, and dotted here and there with farmhouses and villas, The land is cultivated, chiefly in ‘“cassin’’—the Guinea grass of the British West Indies—which affords the most luxurious pried = rene yg agen a our poute we pasaed the ighter houses, which, unlike those of New York, are judiciously situated far outside the city limits, Alitile further on we came in sight of a grove of bam - boos, i abr Bay shady walk, belonging to the hg grounds of Christovao, the imperial palace being visible on a slight eminence. It is an unpretending structure. Inthe bamboo avenue wo saw his Majesty bas Sige morning walk with one of bis daughters, Eight miles beyond we passed the station of Cax- cadwia; thence to Belem station the view was quite un- interesting, cultivation being almost abandoned, and nothing growing, save a few patches of cassava, called mandioca in this country—a farinaceous root, from which tapioca is extracted, but a species of which is a rank Poizon, unless its juice is completely extracted; though the drfed farinacea farms the of commerce, and is made to take the form of a le meal, The only to break the dull monotony of this seemingty sterile region is the view of distant mountains, nearly all round, particularly the Cerra dos Orgoes, in the qirec- ton of Petropolis, a pleasant raral retreat to the sun- scorched denizens of Rio Janeiro. RELEM STATION. At this place the first section of the railroad, built by British enterprise, ends, and the American or second sec- ion, constructed by Yankee skill, begins, lem {s thirty-eight miles m the city, and has an altitude of one hundred and thirty feet e tide. From this point, however, the rise was far more abrupt than that of the section we had just passed over. In fact we were beginning to ascend the mountains, and made propara- tions in the form of @ more powerful engine, which dragged us over the summit of Cerra Demar (fifteen miles) to the height of thirteen hondred and seventy feet above tide—in all, being a medium grade of ninoty. five feet to the mile—which must be acknowledged as Pretty steep railroad travelling. But what cannot American and English enterprise accomplish ? or hin ttoep grade must invol deal of course this steep must involve @ great corkscrew and serpentine work; but the rond under de- seription is, the most complete ing of the kind I have ever travelled over. At one time you are northeast, when a short curve around the Pad Mountain changes your course to southwest, and you see your former northeast course below you, scarcel; Shed biscuit throw, but miles away, with a valley Ba reds of feet deep separating you from the road you lately passed over as completely ae the great gulf did Dives from Lazarus. ‘TROPICAL MOUNTAIN ACRNERY. As we entered the mountain forests the fumed a grander aspect than before. Here the tion began to exhibit nobler dimensions, Palms of in- numberable varieties met the view on every side—save the cocoanut, which seems to bo scarce in this province; the trumpet tree, the bark of which is capable of being made into very eh abounds everywhere ; the guava, celebrated for its jelly and marmalade, ani the Lan Beet ite singular fruit, with bg Most exquisite nut that exists, grow toa vast eat od pee pe and |deous te line sides J as. greater attained metuley, What I sald in a former letter about the careless manner in which coffee is cultivated in Brazil—without pruning—is confirmed by actual ob. servation. A person unacquainted with coflee 5 on seeing one of these gigantic felds of apt to exc: “What a magnifioans itt larly are the set out!” True, for the stranger ; but what's the nse? The trees are overgrown , Shey are too tall, and difficult to pick. The coffee is a slender ba Pan old. ppg tn of —. ing, ey are too ; consequently a great is lost in labor in picking alone; then there le the loss of produce in leaves ove ‘ing berries, the of foliage being allowed to run to waste; and, , the berry must be and is of an inferior order when foliage ia allowed to take the place of berry. Dari ntain journey we passed through f¢ ring our mout we teen tunnels of different lengths. Another tunnel bh: been recently fini greater than all, of which more anon. These fourteen tunnels are of the aggregate length of three miles—the longest being at the summit, whieh is over one mile and one-third in length, THe SUMMIT. This is Afteen hundred feet above the sea There the waters which flow into the South Atlantic near Rio, and those which ron into the Parah; hich empties itecif at the city of Campos, north of Kio, are divided. In fact, one mountain stream runs down one side of the mountain, and another down the other side. ‘THE DESCENT. From thie point we began to descend on the other side of the mountains, to the val of the Sacraggmi. Na. Here we found a fine fe thrown over the banks of the Parahyba river, at the new and thriving town of Parraptrahy. This Inst stage, a distance of twelve gion, well stocked with’ coffee plantations. point ia sixty-eight miles from the Rio terminus. thence bifurcates, according to the original project— first, the St. Paolo branch, following the valley of the river upwards of ninety-six miles; the other. the Minas branch, of uinety.four miles, following she river downwards—the distances SS caleulated from On the latter branch wi Pa be engine for the of Se being turnlahed ‘torches: were afforded to observe the interior of the nel a8 they slowly through it. This engin work ie feet . 14 feet wide aud 19 feet high; and for one~ halt its length, at least, ts lined with cut masoniy. soAficr faving the tunnel the imperial train continued on u n of Vassouras, where it was recel Muntoipal Chamber of the flatrict. the President delicert An address, After this formality the tfhin pursued its way to the magnificent iron bridge of Disengano, over the Para: hyba, This work consists of eleven spaus, two of eighty-Lwo feet cach, and nine of forty-two and a haif fecteach, or ve hundred and forty-six feet in total length of bridge, The piers, of excelient masonry, are based on the reefs dis- covered in the bed of the river; and the girders of the larger spans are formed of lattice ‘girders sent from England, nd those of the lesser spans, of the Barlow girders taken from the first section of the faillway. The bridge was ndoru- ed with a number of flags, and the limit separating the mu- marked by tro- uicipalities of Valenea and Vassouras we phies of arms, and by two large statues, Genius and Indusiry and the other 4 o the train proceeded slowly to the station of Desengano, pass- ingatone side an arch of foilage, thrown over the road to the fazeuda of Santa Monica, waich was adorned with stars representative of the’ provinces of the em- pire, and on the top with the national arms, On the’ bridge outside of the square of Desengano was auother great arch of follage surrounded with a great _num- ber of flags, national and foreign, On the top were the B zilian arms, and at the sides staties of Victory and Progress. The square'was decorated with high posts adorned with ban- twenty of the posis supporting escutcheons emble- of the provinces, and all festooned together with and verdure. Atthe gate, also, of the fazenda of Santa Monica was a similar arch, ainong rows of flags floating from spears, which sustained on one side the impe rial arms and on the other those of the Marchioness of Bae- pendy, who voluntarily paid, $30,000 towards the con- struction of the station, © ‘This is over twenty- five hundred yards in length, Zone side of the square, and has two handsome pavilions at the extremi- tes and an elegant clock tower fn the middle, In the pavil- fons and other rooms are accommodations tor the employes, for offices, reception of passengers, &c., and in the middle in ‘# warehouse of sufficient capacity tor the antielpated trate, A large number of persons were assembled in the station to elve the imperial family, and they weleomed them in this thelr’ first visit to the munictpality, with repeated shouts, aud with the uatiénal hymn played by f band stationed there. Withdrawing with soine difficulty from the crowd that surrounded them the imperial family went to. the room prepared for them, and there received the felicitations of the authorities present; aftemebich they drove to the fa- zenda of the Marchioness of Baependy, alighting first at the chapel, where the parish vicar and the chaplain of the fazen- da recelved them, and at the eapella-mor to make a prayer. At the mansion’ they were received by several members Of the family of the Marchioness, and by others, while an excellent German band, placed in’ the vestibule, sounded the melodious strains of the national hymn, After partaking of breakfast the imperial party, at four P. M., entered their in and returned to St. Christovao and Rio.’ Tne ordinar; ed on the same day to make trips to and ano, occupying about five hours in per- forming the distance; and thus the great work of traversing the Serra de Mer by steam is now in daily accomplishment, The other railroads of Brazil are the Pernambuco, eighty miles; the Bahia, eighty miles; St. Pablo, not m full operation, eighty miles; Mana, the oldest in Brazil, twelve miles, fromm a point on the bay of Rio Janerio, six miles from Petropolis, ‘The Conde @’Ea has formally notified his refusal to re- ceive any pay for bis rank as Field Marshal of the empire, THE UNITED STATES BRIG PRRRY. The ex-United States brig Perry is here for sale, under the charge of Capt. McNeilly, who brought her out. The captain is endeavoring to sell her. THE HERALD CORRESPONDENT. I cut this paragraph from the Buenos Ayres Stan- lard:— Were glad to announce that the New York Herap has sent outa special correspondent to study the condi- tion of Brazil and La Plata and their advantages as a tleld of emigration. Mr, B. has arrived at Rio Janeiro, and writes us he will goon visit Buenos Ayres. He 1s wel- come. THR WEATHER AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH. It has been awfully hot of late, though the thermome- ter did not indicate any extraordinary amount of caloric inethe atmosphere. The other day, while the mercury was at eighty degrees Fahrenheit, the narrow streets were like a fiery furnace. Last night there was a sur- prising change, the mercury failing considerably. Ru- mors are afloat respecting the spread of cholera; but I have reason to believe that they are without founda- tion. The United States government vessels in port are the Juniata, Kansas, and the Onward, storeship. LOSS OF THE HERSCHEL SCREW STRAMER, This vessel, belonging to Lamport & Holt’s line b2- tween Liverpool, Brazil and the Plate, was lost on thé morning of the 4th inst. off Cape Maldonado. She grounded on a shoal about six miles from the coast, but after getting off and while making for the port of Maldo- nado for the purpose of beaching, the pilot unfortunately Tan her a second time upon rocks, when she filled and sunk in deop water, only her masts remaining in sight, All on board were saved and the passengers secured the fences of their lu; The gunboats Triton and terell left for the a8 s00n as the news arrived at Montevideo. MARKRTS. ‘There is very little demand for fish; a lotof bake sold at $3 50 per qu, and herrings at $4'per bbl. No sales in Jumber'and shingles since the 16th. Freights are slack, with but few engagements, Last rates, Hayti to United States, $5 50 and 95 gold; Hayti to Europe, coffee £3. Exetiange—Banks drawing rate 90 days, on London, $4 9734; sales drawn bills 90 days, on London, $4 90 a $4 923; sales bills 90 days, on Paris, 6 francs, 5.05, etican gold 134 a 23% per cent premium; Spanish do 16 32a $16 60; Patriot, $16. Duty 11 per cent on ali,imports, , The Wrecked Steamer Richmond. Bavrimors, Jan, 29, 1866. Yrno steamer Richstond, of the Baltimore and Savan- rah. line, which was wrecked on the shoals olf Cape Hatteras on Wednesday, was valued at ninety thousand dollars, and insured for forty eight thousand dollars in New York offices. The most of the freigit aud cotton would be saved. A —DIVORCE.—HAVING MADE THIS A SPECIAL + stady, undersigned holds private consultations on the subject as to this and other States. Broadway. F. I. KING, Counsellor at Law, FACT.—BASSFORD'S CELEBRATED REFRIGERA- Ast warranted the best in use, for sale at B. D. BASS. it mporium, Cooper Institute Building, Sign of the Golden Ketile—corner store, A. *rteos pat ta-gold. information fursished. The high Ost Fates paid for doubloons and all kinds of grid and si reat Housekeepera’ Bazaar, China, Glasé and Crockery A. A.—ROYAL HAVANA LOTTERY. — ver, JOR & ©O., Bankers, 16 Wall street, New York. PRIVATE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY MAY Bh found at 8 Clinton place, Eighth sireet, DR, DADWE rinctpal and Oper rator, | Numerous persons and country, variously affesed in SIGHT AND HEARING, and with CATARR! , are daily treated and cured at this institution, as may be learned by reference thereto, ts for information and advice reeeived FIRST VISIT E OF CHARGE. City references always present, Hours from 9 to 4. GRAND SKATING MATCH WELL COME OFF AT the Washington pond, corner Fifth avenue and Third — Brook nm, on ote ee " 7 a ors ver Cup; also’ @ ma! 8 for & pair | AIT RN REGULAR MEETING OF THE PHOTOGR. A. Froteotive Union will be held at is ev ORNS, BUNIONS, BAD NAILS, &C., CURED WITH- gut fain by Dra RICK HART, 6 Bowery, or Canal. ICE’® Annihilator cares Cent junions, Chil Diains, Frosted Feet, ac. By mail, 60c. 3 Di VORCES, LEGALLY PROCURRD wirHovT PuB- case wit Welty; other Ahout fee till ease pened, Cine Tne kien 4 , Atiorney and Counsellor, 78 Nassau st. 0 TO THOMAS R. piers 20 AND 22 GREEN. wich street, corner of Murray, and there yon will find 1s, Coffeen, Fish, Flour and ever} else cheaper than any store in New York. One price house. GcuILeEang’s GERMAN OINTMENT—WARRANTED rtalt i the de eaotat Tas TNE a! ac. For sale at % Bowery. by all princtpal draggtste, ‘TER APPARATUS RS AND Patented 1862 and wE ye A the sean was awarded to anes Ly Send for Geen Nee ret ee GEE, corner ‘klin streets, New York. Established in 1847, LITERARY ALBUM, 0. BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED, 18 READY TO-DAY. For sale News Agent. = z AST SHOT. (Tilustrated.) ft el A Poem. DER > 3 Eenln SES: 34 A Poem. a TRIBE. VEDDING. WY ER. POTAMUS (Tilustrated.) ES. (Pasbions.) (itinstrated.» (Tiluatrated.) -_ 3 soe 23 A UR PARLOR, Ar VENTURES ON ICE. UPS NURSED BY 4 CAT. (Iitustrated FEW WORDS TO BOYS, foe cane FRAT. RECRUIT FROM THE GRAVE, STORY, A BEGINNING LN LIFE. IEVE. A Porm. ROWN'S REFORMATION, PORTRATE O . HARM: OF MAJOR OATMAN, eet ae REMA’ ay iNQRVITY DAGUER! INVENTOR 0 @ F PHOTOGRAPHS. Pol or ERRII ‘trated. )* 2 ot 1S 2 -_ if A . (Tiustrated.» td OUR TAXES. Special Report ot the Reve- nué Commission, . Their Proposed Modifications of the Internal Revenue Lawr Reduction of Tax on Distilled Spirits to One Dollar per Gallon. Tax on Cotton of Five Cents per Pound. Repeal of the Excise on Refined Sugars ang Increase on the Raw Material. STRINGENT MEASURES FOR WALL STREET Tax on Brokers’ Sales Reduced to One Hundredth of One per Cent. One Thousand Dollars Income. to be Exempt. The Tax on Pianos, Watches, Silver Ware,, Carriages, Books, Pamphlets and Wearing Apparel to be Repealed. A Revenue of Three Hundred and Seventy Millions Proposed Against Two Hun- dred and Eleven Millions Under the Present Uystem. Important Changes in the Custom House and’ Treasury Departments. &. &. &e. Wasutvaroy, Jan. 29, 1866. Secretary McCulloch submitted the report of the In- ternal Revenue Commission to the House to-day, ac- companied by the following note:— Treascry Derartent, Jan. 29, 1866. Sir—Herewith I have the honor to present to you a report from Messrs. David A. Wells, Stephen Colwell and §. 8 Hayes, appointed a commission for the revision of the revenue system of the United States, in accordance with the provisions of the nineteenth section of the amendatory act of Congress approved Maroh 3, 1865. In presenting this report it may be proper for me to remark that, with the single exception, perhaps, of the one in regard to the time at which the payment of the principal of the national debt should be commenced, the recom- mendations of the Commission have my hearty approval. The very important work devolved upon the Commission, as far as it has been prosecated, has been most admirably performed. I earnestly ask tbat the report may receive the early and careful consideration of Congress. Your ovedient servant, H. MoCULLOCH, Secretary of the Treasury. To Hon. Scuvyten Conpax, Speaker House of Repre- sentatives, THE REPORT. The Revenue Commission appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury in accordance with the provisions of the act of March 3, 1865, to inquire into and recommend such moditication to the present law as may be neces- sary in order to supply the wants of the government, reported through the Secretary of the Treasury to Con- gress yesterday. The first twenty-four pages of the report are taken up with descriptions of the revenue system of other coun- tries, especially Great Britain and France, ad alsoa fall Synopela the present system of internal revenue in peows The Commissioners then take up mat- ters of great interest to every citizen of this republic, and commence with the improved revenue policy. PROPOSED REVENUE POLICY FOR THE FUTURE. In respect to the evil arising from excessive duplica- tion of taxes under the internal revenue systom and from a lack of equalization between the tariff and the excise, it may be urged that the remedy for the latter difficulty is most easy, viz., by increasing the tariff, To this, however, ag @ permanent measure, there are most serious objections, inasmuch as the lack of equalization is not confined to the articles specified in our illustra- tions, but 18 very general, and will be more and more extensive as the value of currency approximates to that $f sold; while an increase in tlie tariff, sufficient to remedy ll the difficulties, would ler the tariff itself almost 7, OF at least so high as to invite continued it of all elements of stability, and in- crease es of the contrabandist. The remedy, ‘Wherefore, for the difficulties above pointed out and illus. save in @ few striking instances which have iy system as will look to an entire ex: facturing industry of the U1 taxation (distilled and fermented tobaceo, and possibly e'few other articlas excoptolh. "thie the Ooo mission are, ee ingly, prepared to recommend. i Hi Fs q 3 i ercommuniention - = country, is to offect, at the eame time, & the ‘anaheial difficulties which now preve onde are effected, it is of no avail to ena. batural resources of oe country, or ta et nergy or intelligence of our people. om Great Briain aud New England op the ono Mexico on the other, striking exam the maxim of modern political countries are the richest where ‘bot thore where natore haw oat fs ; é g F S