The New York Herald Newspaper, December 10, 1865, Page 2

a2 eo 2 FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Sarunnay, Dec. 9-6 P. M. The great event of the day on the Stock Exchange bas been the removal of the board to its new building frout- ing on Wall, New and Broad streets, whieh was built et a cost of about $650,000, Mr. John Kellum being the archi- tect This structure, for elegance, compactness and dura- buity, far surpasses the London or any other European stock Exchange or Bourse, and is a decided ornament to the commercial or rather the financial part of the city. The board room is on the second floor of the new build- ing, with the windows looking on New street, and it can conveniently accommodate a thousand persons seated. Above are offices intended for the use of the board, and below, on the first floor, is = spacious hall, extending from Eroad street to Now street, with a tessellated pavement, in which it is proposed to allow a public Exctange, cash member of which will be required to pay an anaual subscription of probably a hundred dollars, no election being necessary for admission, In the basement are extensive vaults and a huge fire-proof safe, full of small sates with bur.” glar-proof locks, which are intended to be letat fifty dollars and one hundred dollars a year, according to size. At three o'clock the board had a champagne collation served, which was attended by nearly all the members and a few—less than a dozen—of their friends, including the financial editors of the daily journals—the President, Mr. R. L, Cutting, and the Secretary, Mr. Geo. W. Brod- head, doing the honors. This passed off most agreeably, and the new Stock Exchange was fairly baptized under circumstances as auspicious as could be desired. This removal naturally suggests similar previous changes in the history of the Stock Exchange, respecting which wo have gleaned from the only original member of the board now sitting, Mr. William Lawton, the follow- ing particulars:—In the first instance the Stock Exchange was held under the trecs in Wall sireet, but inclement Woather suggested indoor accbmmodations, and in the year 1817 an informa! meeting was held to organize a Stock Exchange Association’ in the back room of Samue! 1. Beebee’s office, in Wall strect, near Pearl, and here the sessions were held till the association was formed. Thon it removed its quarters to @ room in a building which stood on the ground now occupied by the Custom House. Tho annual dues were at that time twenty-live dollars; now they are three thousand, except for those who haves served two years in the street as clerks, in which case the admission fee is ove thousand five hundred dollars. The business of the board was then almost confined to transactions in United States bank stocks, United States sixes and foreign exchange, and this journal was the only one in the United States that published a money article. The association afterwards removed to a room in a building opposite the Excuange, (now the Cus- tom House,) on the site of Nos. 50 und 52 Wall street, and then into a room in the Mer- chants’ Exchange, when that was built, The removal thence to the room recently vacated was made about ten years ago, The opening of the new building to-day has inaugurated a new era in the history of the Stock Exchange, and it promises to be more powerful and popular in the future (han it Las been in the past. As usual on “moving day,” things did not move very smoothly at first, and it was a matier of remark that a like removal had never taken place without being at- tended by a decline in stocks. It was so this morning, but in tho afternoon the market was dvcidedly in the as- cendant, At the first regular board the yolume of business was NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1865, of legitimate business; but thore ts somethin: se con- flicting between the one opinion and tho other that wo ‘are surprised to find thom included in the same report, and sre tempted to inquire which is the one wo are ox- pected to accept, The total imports at Now York for the week compare as followa with former returns:—— Bry goods "61,002508 $604 004 $9,500,006 $2,916.50 Gen. mdse... 3,251,268 * tao 006 8,203,225 » 8,401,005 Pcie gs asst bee A cate omy erie nt Total... ... $8,344,058 $5,145,629 $6,798,221 $6,907,725 The quotations of mining stocksin San Francisco on the 6th iast., as reported by telegraph to Wells, Fargo & Co., compare with the prices obtained om the let of No- vember, as follows:— Now. 1. Dee. Gould & Curry, .... Savage... 785 Choliar Potos 195 Opnir rae 350 Hale and Norevons, 1% Crown Point. 61 Yeltow Jacket. 495 Belche: 285 Alpha. 650 Imperial, 105 The charterfora railroad from New York to Nyack was obtained from the Legislature of this State iast win- ter. The organization of a company for that purpose has recently beea perfected, and the work, it is expected, will be pushed forward to a speedy consummation, The public debt of Virginia is thus stated by Governor Pierpoint:— The amount of State bonds registered and bearing interest at six per cent. $21,888,293 Rogistered five per cent bonds. . . 108,000 Six per cent "coupon bonds. Five por cnt coupon bonds, able in London... seneee ++ $21,996,839 , $11,108,000 1,865,000 12,973,000 Aggregate amonnt. .. Interest outstanding and unp 1865. Add guaranteod bonds, by which tho State is liable, and will have to pay . Interest thereon to July 1,1865. Making au aggregate up to July 1, 1665 AASETS OF THR STATE, Stocks in the railroad: i Seven per cont bonds loaned to Add four years’ interast........ $18,640,843 , 3,008\383 railroads, Total... tees ++ $22,709,319 Of the above stocks there“is expended in railr from which it is not probable that the State will derive. any income (for many years, at least) and which should do deducted from the estimate of availably assets of the State, $7,350,946 52. It is hoped that in time the residue of these stocks and bands may be made available to the commonwealth, The holders of Virginia State bonds are pressin, payment of the intorest due. On the first day of Janu- ary next, the interest duo on those bonds will amount to bove six millions of doliars, Various plans have been suggested for funding this interest, and tho iasue of bonds for the game, bearing different rates of interest; thoe who hold no bonds, for the most part, propose that the honds issued to pay this interest shal! not them- selves bear interest, while others, includins the bond- holders, 1usist on different amounts of mterest from one to six percent, Tho Eng! sh bondholders propose that the State shall fund the interest du thom, issue bonds for the same, and commence the payment of nterest on the whole debt on the first day of January, 1867. The Sandusky, Dayton and Cincinnati Railroad is ad- vertived to be gold at auction on Friday, the 6th of Janu- ary noxt, at the Court House in Sandusky. By order of Court the minimum price at which the road can be sold is $750,000, The sale is made to satisfy the sum of $1,367,742 due to holders of bonds and coupons issued under @ mortgage of February 1, 1861, of which Daniel 8. Miller is sole surviving trustee, and $1,305,036 62 on limited, Erie closed 3 higher than at the second board yesterday, Michigan Southern 34, Northwestern 34, Mari- posa 3%, Cumberland 4. Hudson River, Fort Wayne and Prairie du Chien were steady. New York Central was ¥% lower, Reading %, Pittsburg 3¢, Northwestern preferred #4, Rock Islan@ %. Government securities were dull. Seven-thirty notes of the second series were \ lower, third series ‘4. At the open board at one o'clock the market showed an improving tendency. New York Central sold at 9675, Erie 924, Hudson 105% (8.8), Michigan Southern 7434, Pittsburg 93%, Kock Island 105%, Northwestern 3544, preferred 6344, Fort Wayne 1051%, McGregor Western 27, Ohio and Mississippi certificates 2775, Cum- borland 44, Canton 4534, Mariposa 1435, preferred 20, Schuylkill Coal 12%. At the open board at three o'clock Erie sold at 92%, Now York Central 96%, Hudson River 103 ;4, Reading 116, Michigan Sonthern 74, Pittsburg 92%), Rock Island 106, Fort Wayne 10534, Ohio and Mississippi certificates 277%, Schuylkill Coal Company 12%. Afterward on the street the market acquired fresh strongth, and at five P, M. Reading was quoted at 173g & }<, Cleveland and Pittsburg 93. , Northwestern 353¢ @X, preferred 63 a {, Michigan Southern 74}¢ a 14, Erie 9255 @ Ms. ‘The gold market has been somewhat unsettled under the effect of the sales'of about four millions since Wed- nesday morning. The opening price was 144%, followed by an advance to 14534, and a relapse to 144% at noon, After this there was a gradual recovery to 144%. Cash gold became scarce as the day advanced, and loans were made flat. A large ‘short’? interest has accumulated, which $romises to produce a speedy re- action. The export of specie to-day aggregated $319,000, of which the Allemania took opt $137,000, the City of Baltimore $50,000 aud the Pennsylvania $152,000, mak- ing for the week $490,936. Money was in rather activo demand early in the day, owing to the heavy sales of gold by the Sub-Treasury, but the wants of houses im fair credit were promptly mot at soven por cent, and towards the close of business the supply was in excess of the demand. Petroleum stocks were dull. At the first Loard Pithole Creek closed 30c. higher than at the same time yesterday, selling at $13 95; Kentucky, National Petroleum and Mining Com. pany cold at $110, L berty 20c., Bradley 60c., Empire City 60c., Oceanic 56c., Oil Creek $1 65, Rynd Farm 65c., United States $24 15, New York, Phifadelphia and Balti- more 90c., Webster $1 24, Central $26 50, Consolidated Grogory Gold $11 50. The constitationality of the Legal Tender act has been often questioned, aud Mr. McCulloch, in his report, con- fosses himself one of those whose opinions arc adverse to it, The authority of Congresa to issue paper money can only be found in the unwritten law which sanctions whatover the representatives of the people may consider im a great emergency necessary to be done; and while the Secretary does not now recommend the repeal of the Legal Tender act, he considers that it provisions should not remain in force one day longer thou may be necessary. He very properly contenis that the paper circulation of the country should be floxible, increasing and dcreasing according to the requirements of legit mats business; whereas when it is furnished by the government it is governed by the necessities of the Troasury or the interests of parties rather than the demand» of commerce and trade. Tho power which Sach a currency gives to the party in possession of the government tc also used ag an argument against its permanence, a# it night be used other than for the publio good--nameiy, for political purposes. Our govérnmont fh ono of limited and de- fined powers, he explains, and tho authority to Issue notes as money is neither expressly given to Congress by the constitution nor fairly to be inferred sare under extraordinary circumstances. All this is of coume a direct protest against the government of the United States performing the functions of bankers any longor than can be helped. Bat Mr. MeOulivch admits that the imgue of paper money by the goverumout was a necessity af tho time of its amue, and that tho immediate repeal of the Legal Tender act would bo unwise and injurious He Mevortheloss advocates careful and porsisteut contrac- tiom until all the legal tender notes are retired, He ob- viously underrates the effect of contracting the ourrency while it remarns for all the purpores of circulation the equivalent of goid, and his ob) quity of vision {a astounding when ho ingeouously observes that “a contraction of the currency is not only a public necessity, but it will speedi- ly dissipate the apprehension which very generally ex- inte that the offoct of wuch o policy must necessarily be to maké money scarce and to diminish the prow perity of the country.” Does Mr. McCulloch remember tho fifty million funding lonn and its effoct in tightening the money market? and is @ poseibie that sach am expe- rionce has been entirely lost upon him? Trade, com. merce and the wants of thecommunity havoaccustomed thomselves to the volume of the currency, aud if a por- tion of thig'ts withdrawm while the Legal Tender agt isin on what is there to supply the place of the car- rene} ithdrawn from circulation? Bofore the suaponsion ands of and ag the Womand inereased 90 the bank issudd niildhd when distrust tprevatted, the banka, in’ Intenugd ‘self-prote-tion, curtailed wns and circulation, and Gonsed panics; but now nothing to expand when the i"eadury contracts onoy, and the vacuum created by ogttraction has od by depreciation. Mr. MeCalloch My. 7*0lf says, * qnoted, “the currency should ba tele 4nd docreaning according (9 the requiremema” “ currenéy ‘ Miétuated under the to. bonds and coupons issued February 1, 1855. The following are the approximate earnings of the Marictta and Cincinnati Railroad Corpany for the fourth week in November:— Passengers. . Froight.... Mall, express Totgl this month to date ‘Tota! for fiscal year commen tug Ist Janaary...... 6" $32, 9% $14,511 $97,047 $1,117,430 $903,04 Stock Exchange. Satorpay, Dec, 9—10:30 A, M. $2000 US6's,’81,cou,s 107 100 shsEricRR2dcalle 9224 ‘2000 di ~ 10736 0. 15 Erie RR pref... 85% 5000 U36'R,5-20¢,'65 99% 100 Hud RRR....b10 1083; 5001136'5,5-20,"62.8 100, 100 cose BBO 198K 3000 us i's 10-40; 6 ‘BL ¢ Ft dat eee o0ogy,t 810,iae8 9756 a 'N,7 3-10, late B00 dona 8 OF 6000 Mo 6's, P RR i. 20000 Ohio& Misa cor 1300 do. 100 Ill Cen RR..... 12000 Gal & Chi 24.. 95 + 188 10000 Harlem ist m. 99 800Chic &NWRR. 35% 1000 Pit,FtW& C3m 85 500 do......810 353% 2000 Clev& Pitt 2m 90 500 do, .2d call. 36% 10000 Amer gold.s30 144% 500 Chic& NW R pfd 6335 20 sha Cen Nat Bk.. 10435 400 do. i 18: 100 Quick Mining Co, 47% 100 200 Ashburton Cl Co. 16 100 14% 200 Clove 100 Mariposa Mg Co. 100N ¥ con RR do, 100 Mil & Pdi 100 Pit, Vt W & Ch RR 106 200 do... 24 call 105: Postal Arrangements with South Amerie can Ports. TO THR EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Roviewing in yout sssue of yesterday the roport of the Portmaster General, you call attention to the want of postal facilities with certain South American countries, mentioning particularly the ports of Santa Martha and Carthagons, in the republic of Colombis, to which may be added Sayanilla, another important port in that repub- lie, You seem, however, to labor under a wrong impres- ston with regard to the existing means of reaching those ports when you state that the mails between New York and Santa Martha often remain for weeks in Aspin- wall. If such detention actually occars, It is on account of mailing a letter here by a steamer that does not con- nect with the steamers from Aspinwall for Colombian ports. which leave the former port on the 25th of each month for Carthagena and on the Ist for Santa Martha. Letters cent New York by the steamers of the 11th end het for nwall will thus suffer little detention, while by the steamer from New York of the 1st will of course romain slong time in Aspinwall, and tho sender will complain of fo facilities, when he ought to complain of own ignorance of the exist- ag arr uifs postal connection la insufficient for the wants of the important trads between New York and the At- ports of Colombia is pretty cortain ; but the reme- on lediento namely, io rogular line oxists between New York and Santa Marthe or an are led to believe, Vessels for only despatched when @ suffictevcy of to make up a intervals only, of from such those ports orders (or goods has accumulated here nd as this occurs at rte line of sailing vessels you refer to is probabl, of the Panama road y © Aspinwall; that port we have already ‘month! ‘What is wanted to complet tween TiN ak beak deena eiiied Rory, is an arrange- ‘meat w! steamer plying arthagens and Aspinwall aud the Preuch Seater bet that port and Santa Martha to United States. A new route wi communication with ‘via Kingston, The West India and Pacific or Com- ray see ‘h One of their steamers from this port ‘on the 10th of each month, and letters by this route will reach Carthagens on the 28th. oan agent ‘i Aspia ral to be, propel d romailod al im aw wo thi Et really the chief frequent com- ere for their destination, And this ground of complaint. Of course » more munication ts highly dev rable; but before the Cyd route if made continuo.s it is hardly worth while to ag! tate for more. It is for the purpose of Iaying before you the above facts that I have taken the liberty to occupy ig attention, hoping that you will lend your influence » remedy one of the disadvantages ander which merchants doing business with Colombia labor. Obituary. HX-CONGRESEMAN SAMUEL T. SAWYER. Samuel T. Sawyer, late of Norfolk, Va., died on the 20th ait, ia Bloorofield, N. J., in the visty-tiftn year of his age. He was for two years a member of the United States, Gongrore, from the Edenton district, North Caro- lina, and was aflerwarde editor of the Norfolk Argus, He was subsequently appointed Collector of Customs at Nore folk, during the administration of President Vierco, When the rebellion: commenced he was appointed com. missary in the rebel service, with the rank of tmajor, which position Keoccupled until the dechue of his heals rendered it necessary for him to res gn. Pormiaxn, Marv —hcoording to a, een- Poronarion ene juet taken, Portinnd has a» population 20,124, @ gain in five years of The iomaleg he |) pumboring £6,843, 60 13.600 mana TRIP THROUGH MEXICO. ~ Visit of a Herald Correspond- "emt to Monterey. INTERVIEW WITH THE LIBERAL CHIEFS, | Interesting Incidents of the Journey. - The City of Monterey and Its * Surroundings, © Meeting with the Commander. The Numbers, Intentions and Expec- tations of the Liberals. French vd ‘CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY. ke. &e. &e. Brownsville Correspondence. wxavin, Nov. 7, 1865. A TRIP T MONTEREY, This frontier presented but few attractions to tho corr-spondent, whose constitution requires excite- Ment, ‘movement, change. The weather was hot, tho mogquitoes active and vigilant and untiring. ‘The cisterns were for the most part ompty, aud the water of the Rio Grande, warm and disagresuble to | the taste, while visions of !ving springs bursting forth | | | | from everlasting hills constantly floated across the mind, inciting tantalizing remembrances, Under these cir- cumstances it will not be wondered at that I cagerly « copted an Invitation given me by Colonel Whittlesey; Inspector General on the departmental staff, to accor pany him on atrip up tho river to Ringgold Barracks, the headquarters of the Second division, Twenty-fifth corps, and to other places in that vicinity, with the inti mation that should: circumstances justify it the trip might be extended to Monterey. A carefal perusal of the newspapers will show the nows from and via Monterey as ancertain and various as the changes of a kaleidoscope. The most contradictory reports and rumors bad been afloat, all wpparently well authenticated, and, if useless in every other -respect, demonstrating with great force that a certain portion of the human race is awfully given to lying. This was owing, in the first place, to the dif- ficulty of commun! jon between that city and the frontiors; in the second to the jealonsy with which the authorities regarded the local journals, the frequency with which the mas were captured and examined, rendering correspondents fearful of speaking in refer ence to political offars, and In the third place to the wishes atid Dias of the various partics reporting facts or rumors, To visit Monterey im porson, therefore, to learn in reference to the con- dition of the country thereabouts, the wishes of the people, the condition of the antagonistical forces which nro now rendering poor exbausted Mexico a desert and a desolation, and the state of the business interes! interesting toa great portion.of your readers, was cer. tainly a prospect calculated to excite pleasing emot in the breast of a professional correspondent. Fortunately, the would-be tourists were of a great nation, whom both parties in Mexico were to the highest extent desirous of conciliating, and while some little danger right be anticipated during the journey from lawless wandering marauders, yet we were well nssured that the authorities upon both sides would render us every assistance in their power, and T will guy at this polut the result fully justified our expectations. THe rassronrs, Upon intimating our intention to those gentlemen, passes were tendered us by General Mejia and Senor Robles, Minister of Public Works, then in Matamore and, in addition, Colonel Whittlesey was furnished with letters to prominent officials and others in Monterey, be- speaking their kindness and attention. Thus provided for upon the imperial side, we made the requisite pre- parations in the way of mosquito bars, eatables, &c., and upon the 2d ult., at an early hour, we wenton board a dirty stern wheel river crait, called the Tampico, which soon after moved awny from the levee, bouud for- Ringgold Barracks. oun parry consisted of Colonel Whittlesoy, Mr. Henry Attrill, a portly Englishman, temporarily residiug iu Matamoros as the representative of » British firm; your correspon- dent and two friends, ence to their modesty. though not numerous, Owing to the scarcity of trausportation on the 1 particularly of boats drawing so little water as to enable them to navigate the river upon th steamer going up the river is loaded to ite greatest ea pocity, rendering the passage long and tedions, and not entirely free from danger. On the present oecasion we lad moved but few miler against a very strong eur- rent when (he boat eiruck aber, npon which we lay for two days and a half, exhibiting ‘during this time, Tre. gret to say, but very litle Christian or any other kind of patience: DISTINGUISHED PASRENGRRS. There were a large mittaber of passengers on board, among whom were Don Francisco de Leon, liberal Gov- ernor of Tamanlipas ;Senors Gomez, Gonzales and others, liberal officials of some character, it were difficult to de fine what, In despite of the gloomy condition of affhire im their country these gentlemen, who are evidently philosophers, were extremely ‘cheer. fil, mot to sa They spoke both English and Feonch with’ lineney, laughed merrily at the variona annoyances to which we wero subjected, were evidently impervious to mozquito bills, and, in a word, soomed entirely devoid of care and anxiety.’ In conver- sation they professed themselves sanguine of the nilti- mate Iiboration of their country from the foreign inva- der, which is to be brought about, av they aay, through the interposition of our government, to whom French inficence upon this continent would always be a menace. ‘They say (and correctly, I am well aatiafled,) that the people are almost unanimously in favor of the liberal cause, and that, could they be assured of the counte- nance,of the United States, and farnished with arms and ammunition, they wonld soon rise in numbers snfficiont to drive Maximilian from the country. It is my intention, however, in another jon of thie lever bey of the nd thelr expecta- repieiyae a Mexicn Sf ther wwishee ftor hemor g ‘wpon the bar on which we had struck for two days ‘# half, aa stated, we finally sne- coeded iu getting off and proceeded on Ge On reaching 5 inburg bay eg sae, ¥2 for the pu i iD) @ troops then intending to pro- to Rin, aby tana. We reached that place on the mori: ‘Tth ult, baving been five daye upona trip which should have taken ua less than three. ‘TWH COUNTRY a8 yon move up the river becomes hi and more undulating—an agreeable change from the undeviating ee of Sioa eo nearer beta ‘The pre segater vi i) jowever, is much the came, ine ‘ot the chaparal and the rank undergrowth ema s which glide scorpion, tarrantula, cent! vaniety of di serpents.” After passing Edinbu merous eneampments were observed on the Ameri aide, while on the opposite abore was seen an occasional liberal picket or aoa hed only evidence of life, save an occasional wreath smoke, indicating that rome miserable half breed woman was preparing ber meal, consisting af the inevitable fortilia, a species of griddle cake made from corn; which the housewife takes im its nitural state, bruises and crusher, and mixes with water, thas constituting a tough, tasteless cake, the ordinary food of tho lower orders Mexico. RINGOOLD BARRACKS are situated one and a half mile below Rio Grande City, and Dave been used aa a military post since the Mexican war. Prior to the rebellion a small force wae stationed here for the prevention of amu; and ana defence against the Indians. The barracl at Rreeee the headquorters of Brigadier General Richard ¥. Jackson, commanding the Second division of the Twenty-fifth Extensive gardens had ont the river, and were, to oh raet in @ flourishing condition, The stated ‘that when once bis first crop of vegetables had come to matu- rity, he would make no further calle for them the Sonmisnary dopartinont, aa thoy could be raised ot all seasons of the year, and’ implanted at toeevals, fo they ‘would be ready for use at all times fresh from the earth, WO GRANDE CITY is, second (0 Brownsville, the most the American side of this frontier, 4 Ithasa 1 mon pee gh orgie hinges) who are chiefy “4 gaged in ut not laudable, eceopation emugeglit Indeed, thore is Title I Business done sie @ontraband goods; for three days, Hone. imirable, and calied forth many encomicma from the inspecting officer. Among other places wo visited the hospitais, which are located on an eminence near the rivor. ‘Bue mumber of sink here as in other oorlivna . - oe ‘ ms ' “ Spee y were marched to and there: a8 @ pub- lic spectacle; wore ucatly to Mier; thon were sent <0 the city of Mexico, and’ thence to. Porote. Over these immense distances they were marched bare- footod, furnished with indifferent or none at all— suffering every barbarity andevery indignity, At Peroto they endeavored to escape, a3 & punishment for which ten of thom were shot, lots being cast, for which purpose black and white beans were used. During their stay in Mier, Donna Garcia, at an immi- nent risk, was very kind to these prisonors, furnishing them with food and other necessities, inciting, theroby & fecling of gratitude among the rough sons of the border wh cit still exists, Hero we had our Orst experience of pore Mexican life, The dishea which were furnished us were numerous and various. Much cultivation of a cer- tain kind is required ere they become agreeable. The ing flavor is red pepper and onions, and go inti- 1 is this connected with every dish that I tancied J dotocted it while eating newly laid egg, which had on furnished me out of compliment to my uncultivated ~ ta THE LIBERAY, CHIEYS. We had no sooner become installed in our quarters we were called on by Generals Canales and Jolonel Guera and others, who expressed much pleasure at our arrival, tendered us the hogpitalities of tho town, and asked us to breakfast the next moruing. MIER has, I should judge, about seven thousand inhabitants, Most of the houses resemble a dilapidated fort, being in an advanced state of decay almost without exception, There are no new buildings in the town, no middie aged ones, Mostly built of stone and adobe, tho walls are crumbling and falling down, and, as though anticipating an early closing up of terrestrial affairs, no eflurts are ever by any possibility made at repair. Many of the inhabitants are well to do, owning extensive si raaches eithor in Moxico or Texas. An elegant style of poncho, or blanket, woven by hand, is manufactured here, and is much esteomed throughout the republic. Oiten a year end Abalf is passod in making one of them, and they are frequently eold for large sums, Ocr liberal passports were given us Lere, and, a8 & mark of respect to an American officer, the commanding 4 General tnalsted upon Colonel Whittlesey 's accopting an escort, consisting of a captain, @ lieutenant and twenty men. Thus provided for bade adieu to our republi- can friends, who give us God speed in a manner the fer- vency of which ‘could not be doubted, although not particularly understandable to our English cars, and on the afternoon of the 14th started upon our journey, trav- olling fourween tiles and stopping for the-night at a place called Chicharones, consisting of two very dilapidated can houses known as jacals, Our recollections of Chicharones are pot agreeable. The proprietor of that forlorn institution is a swindler, and the mosquitoes aro unusually ravenous, The rent of tho place, with tho lands, adjoining was twelve silver dollars per annum. As an evidenc: of the enterprise of its occupant I ‘mention that he charged us fourteen dollars in the valuable mvial for the privilege of placing our w. out tho hovge and siceping outside.of hie door. aid it. He is hereby respectlully held up Ww public execration, Daylight found us again on our way. We travelled twenty miles, and stopped for breakfast at Punteagudo— avother dilapidated hamlet. Here wo were furnished with tortitlas, chili, concarny, roust Virginis lamb (vul- qacly known 1a kid), obickens, eggs and frijoles, for tho which another appailing draft was mado on our silvor dollars, causing coriain expletions on the part of our phiegmatic English friend which Lam not bound to re- cord, and a recitation from another of the party in the mg tone of a school poy, commencing as follows: co is situated upon the planet earth; its chief pro- ducts are chaparral and arroyas, the princips! occupa. tion of its inhabitants swindling, stealing, robbing and appropriating. ‘After resting ourgelves and animals daring the heat of the day, we started on and reached Cornlvo at an earl, hovr inthe morning, where we found an excellent hotel, in which every effort for our comfort and accom- modation was made, We had finished our ab- lutions, and were comfortably seated on the porch, smoking a “shack cigaralo,”” when we were walled on by an olficer ot Colonel Trevino, in command there, who presented the Colonel's compliments, and stated that ho would be most bappy to see us; upon which we accom- panied the officer to headquarters. On our way thither we passed the guardhouse and found that the guard had ‘been turned out in honor of our arrival. Arms wore pre- sented as we passed. On reaching headquarters we found almost the entire command paraded, and as we ap- proached the band struck up a beautiful spanish air, cor- responding, I presume, to See, the Conquering Com’ the quick rattle of the present intermingling with the music as we parsed down the line, “Cortain! they have a proper appreciation of us tn this country,”” remarked # tecetious young gentleman of the party, us we appre ed the entrance way of a fine looking Mex- jean re: in which stood Colonel Trevino, who re- ceived us with an impreesmont peculiarly Spanish, and; alter welcoming us, presented us to Colonel Salvador Cavada, in tnmediate command of the troops here—au oman and excellent officer, Who speaks nish with great fluency. Several of the principal inhabitants of the town soon afier called. Wine was introduced, and an earnest convereation in reuce to Mexico, ber condition and pros- followed, in which the English and Spanish udicrously blended. Here, as everywhere, let me remark, we found it impossible to convinee those we met that Colonel Whuttlesey’s journsy was one of pleasure simply; kvown to bo a promment officer on the staff of General steele, commanding the tioops upon the Rio Grande, it was supposed that he was it visiting Mon- torey vilicially, and that the greatest results were to tlow trom his mission. A thousand absurd rumors were afloat—omong the abeurdest of which was that the Colonel was yoing to demand the immediate evacuation of Monterey by the French troops, Everywhere women and chikiren ran to the doors and windows to #ee us and every man of atarn of mind at. all enterprising called upon us im eager anticipation of learning something personally in reference to our tulesion, and when in- forwed that we were slioply on an excursion of pleasure, world stake his Lead, look Wise aud exclaim, Bueno! With an wir of intense ieredutity, Ovi RECORE left ns here, returning to their command, and a new one was furnished as by Colonel Trevino, consisting of a party of Colonel Cavada’s men. We teft the next morn- ing At an early hour, Colonel Cavada accompanying us for thirty-cix miles, riding in the ambulance to Ramos, the extreme outpost of the liberal lines, Upon consultation we had conclude that we would be apt to attract less diengreeable attention with our ambulance when moving oe ‘he country, and 60 leit the smaller one at this place RAavos is merely # collection of hute, inhabited by Mexicans of the lowest order, The family of one of our guides te- sided here, and he was related by marriage or otherwt to most of the villagers. With much cheerfulness he in. timated that thelr character wae extromely bed, and tbat could lay ‘their hands on, femate barber, to whom the Colonel submitted his with much apparent sativfaction, with much recklese- ness, ag we decited, giving her @ silver dollar at the clore of the tonporial operation, We the night here and before sunrise were up ond off, after bidding adien Cy ns etme who bad shown us every attention. We were sha would find the French pickets at Meriv, six mile@dist but on our arrival there, saw no evidence of mililary.oc- cupation of any character. see ein entna ponte ie, se e, ishing on wit early hour ta the moraing found at the tormi- forest ab ned nae without met an imperial soldier between the liberal linee and the city. MONTHRET We entered the vity from the northeast, Passing Black and drove tm: to the San Carlos Hotel, Weklow of ore Seren Anenaia officer of 0 with remarkable iy; i and dined ere the hotel was 0 Hlanous looktug detective on our soon horn; wane removed, with itizene the greatest fested for some time. And although the Colonel's visit ‘was purely of @ personal eseees 5% recognizing in him a representative of the the government, and prop Fg many great attention whieh Trestom: tet ‘as they frequently Lia Bg feat om, e | more ease than for ® long time before. OFFICIAL AND PERSONAL COUNTRSTES, ‘We immediately sent our cards and passports to Colo- nel Jeanni of the French army, commanding in the city, an ing when be would be pleased Lo ace us. An answor was teturned that he would be happy to meet Ue at ning o'clock the ensuing morning, and at that hour 8 slaff officer—a major—-waited upon us to conduct us to the paiace, OTR RRORPHON waa overything that the most fastidious could expect ny The Colonel commandag, who, by oe way. bad that, denied, 4 i | i Ht Hi TF is i I E i i i EHiF E e rite | 3 - Hil afettt ie aa afr ill Air that i iH fi i i r vi nlerey, recei on00 being searecly recognized by the officals. i EI i 35 i 5 F ai asst fal : i f ist Fe aatonally ‘e marble paruct ture of im are woll cultivated, an kinds and mask hues are numerous. The palace, ‘8 building usual to all Mexican cities, though not par- tioularly imposing, is a fine and commodious residence. Business is at » perfect stand still, to communica- tion being closed with the. interior. There. are large — Lal eral in the various stores and warehouses , it the mor and their employes are idle at their desks and in their salesrooms, patiently awaiting a set~ tloment of the country, The Mexican morchants buy for cash and eel tor the same, and as the styles adapted tothe market are manufactured ee ae it and waiting for “‘the good time coming," aud holding them at the ame nen ‘as thou; ribet country oe fa and customers plenty. Most of the goods recently into this portion of the country are in store at Mittemos where the merchants at proseat prefer to leavethem. mnterey has a population of forty-five thousand, a fair jon eee ten re foreigners. Many of the lattor are weary of the constant turmoil and agitation by which they are surrounded—tho strictness of military rule—and such as cau get away without making too great a sacrifice invariably do 80. Tt ts not true that Americans, either from the North or South, have been ordered ino § from the city. Those. whoattend to thoir business do not moddile with po- litical affairs are in no way interfered with, and all need- ful protection and support are afforded them. ‘THM SRNTIMANTS OF THK REOPLI. Our stay in the oity lasted from sunday, the 17th, until the following saturday, during which time wo visited a large numbor of people at their houses and at their piaces of business; and, though to some extent guarded in their speech, it was easy to be seon that an overwhelming ma- jority were tiberal in their opin ona. This was mani- fosted by the treatment exhibited socially by the inhab:- tants towards the French officers, There is not the slightest cordiality manifested. During our stay wo visited the theatre, when, by invitation of the com- manding officer, we occupieé the Governor's. box. During the evening the General * presented Colonel Whittlesey to several ladies occupying ad- joining boxes. Much to the surprise of the purty he ‘was recelved with a coolness amounting almost to dis- dain, The next morning we worv intormed by several of our American friends that tho rocoption would have been very diferent under any othor auspices, and that bo French officers were never well rece:ved in society ore, THN FORTIFICATIONS. On Wednesday, the Goneral kindly sent us a staff officer and an eacort, to show us tho objects of in- terest about the city, it was suggeated to us by eeveral, Am-ricans that wo pay no particular attention to the fortifications, and under the circumstances we th it It advisable not to doso. It was, however, easy 40.8ee rmuich time and labor had boon expended sn Improving them, and it was particularly observed by us the approaches by which G Taylor bad reached the city bad all been fortified with grout strength, that it was not considered impossible that another Amorioan army might at some tie be thundering at the gates of the city. A brisk shower camo up as we wero returning, and as it never rains moderatoly in this coun- try we reached the hotel thoroughly wetted THR ANNUAL PAIR, lasting from two to three months, was in progress at the time, preventing many objects of intorest. We purchased somewhat extensively of certain Indian ware of peculiar make and design and other Mexican curiosities, startling and delighting the venders, who had found business ex- tremely dull, THE OFFICERS AND TROOTE, We dined and breakfasted severa! times during the week with Genera! Joanniigros, on which occasions we. met several of the more prominent French officers and several citizen officials. Among the former wrre Lieu- tenant Coione! De la Hayse, , Capt. Achille and others whose names I failed to learn. There are in Monterey sbout one thousand French t who are of the highest class of soldiers, The du corps existing among them prompts them to Aight with demoniac ener- gy when engaged, and feeling as they do the we yen contempt for the they are at all times roady to encounter five times their number. They are very much dissatisfied with the service in Mexico, and desert whonever opportunity offere. Tpon witar eir evolutions they were ounced fally equal to the British houschold troops Mr. At- trill, the highest praise which an Englishman could give thom. ‘There aro in addition, in aud around the city, about two thousand native troops of the usual character of Mexican soldiers. THE RETURN. Having visited the various places of interest in the city, and fully accomplished -the objects of our viait, we an- nounced our intentidn to start on our return apon Satur. day, the 24th of October. A pleasant letter of compli- ment and a few presents, valuable a8 curiosities, were entrusted te Colonel felis 5 Fer General Jeanningros for General Steele, A splendid Mexican euddie of curious workmanship was forwarded to the General by a name- sake of his whom we met in Monterey. He was an extensive cotton manufacturer, having # large factory about twelve miles from the city, At an early bour in the evening we bede adieu to a mtimerous party of friends who had collected to see us off, and with many and fer- vent wishes for safety we started. Our return was marked by no incident worthy of particular tneution, save upon the second night, whea within twenty miles of Cerralvo, when we lournpd that @ party of imporialists under Cayroja were advancing to atiack the liberal out- e aud that we were between the contending forces, "he only danger was from tho stragglers upon eithor side, so when balting for the night we made the beet possible arrangements for defence in case of an attack, and piaced our driver and the guides on post a8 guards. | The night, however, passed awny in perfect quietude, and nothing was scon of the antagonistica! forces. ‘We passed rapidly through Carralvo, Mier, Borneo to Rio Grande City, where we found a boat in wailing to carry us-down the river to Brownsville, which we reached on the Ist of the month, FACTS AND OBSERVATIONS, ° The country through which we pavsed from Mier to Monterey was, to a great extent, of limestone formation, ‘The uncertainty of rain and the difficulties and etpensos attending irrigation over much of the country renders any return for cultivation of the !and uncertain and pre- carious. in, jong years of civil war has desolated and the country until it ia little better than a desert, The chaparral and its accompanying rank under growth is all the jon geen save an occasional melon patch or field of sickly looking corn In the vicinity of some dilapidated jneal, around which were in’ playing number of half or entirely naked chil speaking well for the prospective population try. The roads were for the most part arroyam guiches, formed by the were very fumerons and very trying to both animals and wagons. As is well know: Taree quantities of silver and lead are found in the Blerra Madre, and jally in the vicinity of Monterey. The laws of Mex! ane to the highest extent favorable to mining operat and of so the development of mineral touch importance in resources regarded by all pariies that mining companies A tax is paid to the part} ta power ta proportion ve abe veane of ins apetat ebsetaad, which js by no means exorbilant, and though the authorities to whom this tax is paid may be regarded ag traitorous and illegitimate, yet it is considered « valid payment and Ie never again demanded. TH FLOOD IN MEXICO). Various and contradictory accounts of flood in the vicinity of the City of Mexico reached us in bes 9 Communication with the city had been cut off by It. was stated that n large amount of property bed been destroyed and numerous lives lost. constitutional; eppoene te i ti pon thei janovations upon their Katie Gandy sod extravagant in their ‘Ro carpete on their floors, which are usually of brick, and have the for yer and with which they seus Fever hing. Disinelined "3 to & avoid it, and ether the fow reals neces ney gamble, peddle, steal and labor be avoided, e OUNTRY can be imagined when it is borne in mind that ever since ite separation from Spain there has been throughout the country but four months’ of peace. A constant pee factions, her citizens, rébbed and uatil all inepntive to accumulation has died ow da desolated and her citios sacked for 80 lon this nay be regarded ag almost her u on. je OMAN LPR 4 “Shoot {9 regarded as of the least possible him? is beard | in every of the I During ovr atay in MofMercy twenty4ive were down with scarcely a form of trial. Thoir of- fonce was opposition to the imperial authority; and that oxtermination ia tke policy of “the empire” in bh Close who oppowe ite authority is scarcely doating w Na{uraliv, o ajmuar course is oursued upon the Rep aar aa liberal soldiers throughout d that ts of the the country, an worst. Without any ‘ith Bo J wary of quartermaster ments, the liberal 2 ry wae of pe Nes Sy ‘made om the inhabitants of both ‘country and town, “1 wamt twenty thousand HI community of teoting & ” says « liberal chief to tho mer- and itis paid that worse mag borat thers and {wiaking alone of thatt own advancement or thore ose the liberal leaders, 50 there of action, At the extremest limitthero divided counsels. this comparati Mexico thirty thousang foreign i Ly age ay and yet, ow! groat : abort - which the Ameri borne in mind, as almost unanimous tn their sentiments of opposition ts Maximilian’s government, i that they would prefer an ec- oupation by the United ‘mall force holds in subjection the nt is fay ee sentimel ee unanimously of concerted ‘}-where the leaders are quarreling themselves, Canales, who was recently appointed of Tamaa- pas and of the forces therein, sends an order to Corti- ‘Ba from ‘Camargo, and recoives as his hell,” outof to see tina's Brownsville, turns over hs worn | ‘gubordinate, who, upon his rotu ieceeo tetera it ope can De Toon obtain wit Ly it wit ‘These are but fair to its continuance; a dred once assured of ‘aid from us, would soon fi pporters | Maximilian and i French su from tho country. TUR PRENOH TROOPS are much dissatisfied with their servico in this cout and I am eatisfied are mere enetsl of svon being home. 1 6x; nO opi this; but fom numprous Jeanningros and bis officers pect to return ero long. ‘also confidently ant! — constant subject of ernment was koown. 1 was informed that pate tho game thing, aud it 8.40 the probabil ties: romarks mado by General Tam satisfied that they ex- the ors the conversation @monr them. ‘ing to the cessation of communication between the capital and Montorey nothing new from the seat of gov- + ROADS 0}08"D, Upon our roturn to Mir, Escobedo informed us that Matamoros would be the road betwen and Monterey bermot.cally seaicd, and that honcoforward no pvrsom would “be permil sion whatever. {to pass upon avy pretence or ooca- General. Jeanningros stated hia intention of vis'ting - Matamoros soon, intending to, ducteur, at that time eens. attompt this it 1s wot improb: with Escobedo's forces. with him the con- palerer. ould be tiat he w *The Mexican Board of Colonization recently held sitting nm tho capital A app arsin the £% Cronista, re) of ite proceediasn fhe remarks of Count Pi- mentcl, a prominent momber of the Board, wore Hstened to with much attention. I send you a translaum of them as interesting in this conuection. Though there may be adifference of opinion as to bis conclusions he correctly portrays the present and past condition of thas unfortunate country. ‘The Count spoke as follows:— There are but fow who will not agree that foreign immigration will be a great assistauce .n the zegenera- tion of Mexico; but many diffor a to the best means of securing that object, producing thereby » want of bar- mony which must be overcome at the earliest possible momont. Some 6 that immigration will bo the cause of the peciintioniond pon th of the country; others, contend that immigration witli be the lie pes” duood by ‘a state of peace. and order formerly ©: Tam inolined to favor the first 0’ these arguwents, and consider European imi, tho country 1a to bo sav Our country is peopled with white, the Indian and the is endowed with European civilization to «, possesses consilorable intelligence, jon the only mvans by which three distinct races—the half-breeds, Tho white race extent. ‘untorta- natoly is indolont. ‘The Indian race is in such s state of degradation thatit can only be depended u; weet grade. labor, and that of the 10 partake in n for manual half. @ meagure of the civilization of the hile, and are mae Tees pasettgast Dat, here. become, n moral , and are now und forming pice Sof thieves and highway robbers, who keep the entiro country in a state of con! fusion and ‘Those therefore who contend that immicration Is the effect of @ and order, ot put the difficulty further off than 6ver, without show! ne us how this peace and order are to be obtained. I believe they will fallin their eh nt aremedy for tho objoct, unless poe oa apathy the ites, the dome of brit ing the ambition of our whites, Fai Indians and oralization © balf-breeds. This remedy, as E have before remarked before this body, 1s to be found im ‘ug into contact with Europeans, thoreb; roduell the civilise- tion of the Indians, and may in uing the half soe breads, a In our Mexican revolutions the white race, which styles itseif the devent ple, hold themselves entirely aloet, leaving th nthe undisturbed possossion of robbers and de ‘An insignificant band of Pine wilt drive away tho farmers an entire it; they shut themselves up in tho cities and take no part whatever im the pacification of the country. The Indians do evem by revolutions, simply because who loge _nothit ther: have nothin; tok jose, and, being unt the —— rg old themselves aloof also, sequence of all this is, that towards ‘The ourselves Lag apart a few bold men have kept the na entire country handful of filibusters do the same may foo! oned to do so? we pretends to deny what we havo assorted we will show facts, which, in good that from the timo of our separation bo By bave not known how togovern ourselves; thas whil Je under Spanish dominion, ni ruption of the colonial — peace reigned not New Spain, bocause wo the midst of our anarchy wo ourselves; we called in & prince as the only remedy for evils; that in order to tain peaco in some sections of our country we have been compelled to avail ourselves of foreign aid—Freneh troops. But these French soldiers ways. The Ince who govorns whore is that aid to be derived from in this count are not to remain with us al- us requires alt - le repeat, he will find only apathy in the whites, degrada- dians, tion in the In demoralization among the balf- breeds. With euch elements as theso it is impossible, te ree’ govern @ nation. peso ad is for their entrance without cost, From this we must confess that Ki indispensable, and we must open our doors even stopping to count the Therefore I believe it to be proper for me to offer the following bill for the consideration of the Board, and re- commend tt for the action of the government if deemed adequate to the purpose:— rere abroad to enlist fore! lands will be assign services to be ro ordor in tho district of their shall authorize all our consul ers of good character, to whom in México, in payment of Seen eats to rvin, ane residence, where agriculla: fal military colonies may be formed. Second—The fund u! be jeasly paid ovt for militia or rural ed towards appli supporting the above mentioned colonies, and the tax by which such fund ie established shall coase upon the ion of colouy and the restorati e lands set Colonies shall belong to but when none of establishment of the in the district. for agricultural military ublic domain whenever the above lands are avatla- able type, has been le eer FOR WOOD IN Pare “ Tt ig well known that wood ings by ‘used for mani of paper, and at ne rags t Hittle in To ascertain whether @ ees paper dovs or ‘not contain wood a chemirt in Vienna proposes the follow. —Pour a few drops tng ph by means of 4 suirit Iamo, of aniline into a test tui Ww drops of diluted sulphuric aetd, and appiy bh This dono, a aire of tag S 1 have a highs —