The New York Herald Newspaper, October 23, 1865, Page 4

. 4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. ‘TERMS cash in advance. Money sent by mail will be at the risk of the sender. None but bank bills current in New York taken. THE DAILY HERALD, published every day in the year, Four cents per copy. Annual subscription price, $14. THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at Five conte per copy, Annual subscription price:— Postage five cents per copy for three months. Any larger number addressed to names of subscribers Bl 50 cach. An extra copy will be sent to every club of ten. Twenty copies to one address, one year, $25, and any larger number at same price. An extra copy will be sent te clubs of twenty. These rates make the Wasarr Henan the cheapest publication in the country. The Eenoraan Enimion, every Wednesday, at Six cents {per copy, @@ per anmum to any part of Great Britain, or 96 to any part of the Continent, both to include postage. ‘The Cauyonma Eprrios, on the Ist and 16th of each ‘month, at Srx cents per copy, or $3 per annum. ADVERTIvEMENTS, to a limited number, will be inserted ‘mthe Waexty Heratp, the European and California Editions. VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing im- portant nows, solicited from any quarter of the world; if uused, will be liberally paid for. sg- Ovr Forsiox Con- RESPONDENTS ARE PARTICULARLY REQUESTED TO SEAL ALL LETTERS AND PACKAGES SENT U8, NO NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence. We fo not return rejected communications. = Wolume XXX. see eeecee cesses es WO. 295 “AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BROADWAY THEATRE. Broadway.—Sam. SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRE! Metropolitan Hotel. —Erai0rian Enouan Carita.ists on 4 585 Broadway, opposite INGING, Dancing, &¢.— TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE. 201 Bowery.—Sina- ina, Dance, Buriesaoxs, &¢.~0Lp Dame Gitiaxs. DODWORTH HALL, 806 Brogdway.—Buixp, Ton’s Pano, Concmnts. MONTPELLIER’S OPRRA HOUSE, $1 an4:30,Rawery.— Munstumisy, SeNGING, DANCING, Pantouises, &6. BROADWAY ATHBNAUM, Broadway.—Movina Diora. ma or Noxtuxex anv SouTuxnn Eysors. HOOLEY’S OPERA HOUSE, Brooklyn.—Ermoway * ernst sY—BaLulos, BURLESQUES 4ND PANTOMAWSS. . RK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, ones from 1A. MM. till 10 P.M. * ‘Mrx- . .3 Broadway.— New York, Monday, october 23, 1865. NEWSPA” gp CIRCULATION. Receipts O's saics of the New York Daily Newspapers. OFFICIAL. Year Ending Name of Paper. May 1, 1865. HERALD. «0.60. eee cece eee enee Seeeeeee $1,095,000 368,150 252,000 169,427 100,000 161979 90543 New Yore HEmad.........0000seeeeeeees 91,095,000 ‘Times, Tribune, World and Sun combined.. .871,220 NOTICE. New York Horeld Bulldtng. {0 MASONS, IRON, MARBLE AND DORCHESTER STONE WORKERS. Proposals will be received until October 25 for a Firo- Proof Building, to be erected for the New Yore Hurap Weranuisoxuwt, on Broadway, Park row and Ann street, Plans and specifications may be seen and examined at the office of JOHN KELLUM, Architect, No. 179 Broadway. THE NEWS. The substance of President Johnson’s remarks on the subject of reconstruction in the Southern States, during ‘® recont private interview pith him, is given, with the Prosident’s approval, by ‘Major George L. Stearns, of Massachusetts. The President, in reply to the remark that the democrats claimed that he bad gone over to them, intimated that the democratic party had discov- ered that he was in advance of it, and that it,was now trying to come up to his standard, and he hoped it would succeed in doing so, He ro-enunciated his doctrine that, notwithstanding the so-called secession of certain States, they were never out of the Union, but that by their rebellious course they had forfeited their civil govern- ‘ment, to reconstruct the machinery of which as soon as practicable he considers the chief duty of the time. This, ho eaya, carinot be done in a momeut; but such groat and happy progress is being made in it that the re- sults sometimes appear to him like a dream. Ho did not expect to forever deprive of their former civil rights oven majority of those who were excluded in the amnesty proclamation; but he intended that they should suo for pardon, and thus realize the enormity of their crime. He is in favor of allowing those negroes who have served in the army, those who can read and write, and those who are possessed of certain other qualifica- tions, to vote, but does not think it is politic or that he has the right to force these conditions on the white peo- ple of the South, though he believes that they will ere long concede this privilege to the freedmen. Tho Presi- dont also favors basing representation in Congress on the number of qualified voters instead of om population, as at present. The closing scenes in the North Carolina Convention, which adjourned on Thursday last, are fully deseribed in our despatches from Raleigii. A singu!ar announcement ‘was made by the chairman, to the effect that after dil- gont search he was unable to procure a national fing to hoist over the Capitol, and had to wend to Now York for one. Nothing, it is said, bat the timoly receipt of the telegram from President Johason, saying that North Carolina should at once and forever repudiate every dollar of in- debtedness contracted to assist the rebellion, prevented the staving off by the secession members ot a vote on the ordinance completely ignoring that debt, as they had their plans very adroitly laid for the purpose. But on the reading of the Prosident’s despatch the ordinance was immodiately taken up and passed amid cheering and great onthusiasm, there being but a fow negative wotes, The proposed amendment to submit it to a vote of the people was not adopted. The ordinance which ‘was passed for the organization In some of the counties of & militia force to suppress outlawry bas, it is under- stood, the approval of the national military authorities, ‘Resolutions were adopted requesting the President to estore to the people of North Carolina all their consti- tutional rights, to remove the military, and to transfer aivilian prisoners to the civil authorities. The Conyen- ‘tion will assemble again in May next. South Carolina news ono day later than that published yostorday was brought by the steamship Emily B. Soud- et, which arrived here jyesterday, from Charleston on Thursday last. That city, however, is the only portion of the State from which we have any returns of the plection, which took place on the previous day. There ames L. Orr, formerly Speaker of the national House of Feceived seven hundred amd eighty for Governor, and the robel ex-Genoral Wade ‘an interview with the Mayor of Charleston, and ex- romed the bope that he would be able to adjust the dif- that in relation to admitting negro courts, A majority of them favor of this concession, as indicated tion of Governor Sharkey, who to the position of United States Senator, and by their chosing for State Printer a gentleman who also favors it. These are only twoof the many difficulties with which this Legislaturo will have to wrestle, as industry gene- rally throughout the State has been paralyzed by the war, and there is a great lack of the native energy ne- coasary to resuscitate % Some practical but cruel jokers each of them a tract of land, and hense many of them refuse to enter into contrasts with the planters for a period extending beyond that time. ‘The approaching change in our relations with China is discussed with earnestness in the English preas. The Shanghac correspondent of the London Times states that hitherto the American national representatives have ‘been treated with iHl-concealed dislike, and in. some in- stances with contempt. He attributes this fact partly to the absence of an American fleet in Chinese waters, and Partly to the habit of making consuls out of migsio::arios. Now that a United States fleot is on the read to ( une ‘an extraordinary ehange is anticipated in we m ‘ual diplomatic relations of the two countries. The | imes speculates whether tho first introduction ef the Amest- can fleet wil! not be of a hostile character. The Ameri- can citizen Burgevine, for whose restoration an impera: tive demand has been made by the United States Consul, is believed to have been either starved or executed. The Liverpool Post believes that im future Huglish chances in Ohina will be considerably affected by: Ameri- can rivalry. Several official documents from members and agents of tho government of the republic of Mexico, in relation to the imperial usurpation qm Mexican soil and its grants to foreigners and contra‘sts with thom, appear in this morning's issue of the Heratp, They comsist of com- munications from ‘Zr, Romero, Mexican Ministor in Washington, and gir. Navarro, Mexican Oonsul General in this city, a peociamation of President Juarez, decraea of the Mexivan Congress and oiroular letters from two member”, of Juarez’s onbintt, in all of which the tiaperial invasion iq ptrongly protested against, and citizens of ‘she Pane States as well as other countries aro Warroad that the grants to them by Maximilian of "allroad, tolegraph, mining and other internal im- provement monepolies will never be recognized by the constitutional authorities of Mexioo, and that all con- tracts entered into with his government will bo declarod null and void by the Congress of the republic, and sub- ject the contractors to stipulated pains and penalties. We have also, in the prospectus of a Broadway banking firm, some explanation of the object of General Car- vajal’s mission to this country. A loan to the Mexican republic of thirty millions of dollars will today be placed on the market, the bonds to be issued in denom!- nations of fifty, one hundred, five hundred and one thousand dollars, and to draw seven per cent intercat, payable som{-annuslly, In addition to the faith of the republic and of the States of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi, there are pledged for the redemption of this loan five millions of acres of agricultural and five hundred thousand acres of mineral lands. Another interesting article on local politics published in our columns to-day reviews the present condition of the Geld in this city and gives some indications of what will be the results of the canvass for tho two branches of the State Legislature. The members of the provincial government and their supporters in Canada are ina state of great agitation in rogard to the Fenian movement, as described by our Toronto correspondence. The Fenian order has been known to exist there for years, but has occasioned Tittle concern until the occurrence of recent events. Owing to what has transpired in this country, England and Ireland, the Canadian government has, it is said, organ- ized'and distributed throughout the province a force of spies; groat~ to prevail in military affairs, changes im the disposition of troops being made, garrisons being strengthened in regions where the Irish predominate, {nvestigations regarding the loyalty of officersand soldiers being instituted, and arms being distributed’ for the use of. citizens known to be opposed to Fenian designs The cus- toms authorities are mnorvous over the recent large importations of war munitions, which it is believed ultimately find their way into the hands of Fenians, and it is rumored that the present movements in Ireland are merely a ruse, and that the grand design is, when England has thrown her troops into that country, that the arrucd forces of the order on this side of the Atlantic shall seize Canada, doclare it an independent State, and place it under the protection of the United States. It is expected that the Fenian Congress in Philadelphia will conclude its business by Tuesday of this week. Many of the members have already left for their homes. The work of the Congress is said to have been thoroughly don®, and the participants are delighted at the results of their labors. ‘The ex-rebel ram Stonewall, which has been for a con- siderable time lying in the harbor of Havana, where she was surrendered to our government by the Spanish au- thorities, is to be convoyed to this country by the steam- ers Rhode Island and Hornet. The latter vessel sailed from Washington on this duty yesterday, and itis ex- pected that the Rhode Island will leave to-day. The resultof the examination om Saturday last, as stated by the examining physicians, of the physical condition of Wirz, the Anderssnville jailor, permis- sion for which, at his request, was granted by the court, was to show that he is in a very feeble and enervated condition, produced by disease and injuries re- ceived, and that some of the bones of his right arm are incapable of performing their natural functions. The object of this examination is to demonstrate that Wirz was physically incapable of committing the acta of cruelty with which he is charged. The physicians stated that he could not now commit them without great injury to himself, but were unable to decide positively from the symptoms whether such was his condition a year ago. It is said to haye been decided, in accordance with a recently delivered opinion of Attorney General Speed, “| that colored volunteors are entitled to the same bounties ‘ng white soldiers, and paymasters are instructed to pay them accordingly. ‘The One Hundred and Fifty-ninth regimont of New York Volunteers, Colonel Waltermire, arrived here yes- terday, preparatory to being mustered out of service. ‘Tho regiment was raised in Brooklyn, and now numbers about three hundred men. ‘Tho Rev. Dr. Charles T. Quintard, the recently conse- crated Episcopal Bishop of (Tennessee, preached yester- day afternoon to a large and fashionable congregation in the Church of the Incarnation, corner of Madison avenue and Thirty-fifth street. Rev. William Wardlaw delivered a discourse yesterday, at the corner of Seventh avenue and Twenty-second street, on the subject of the promised restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land, the two great obstacles to which, he argued, are the stubbornness of that people them- selves in not acknowledging Christ as the Redeemer and tho neglect of Christians to instruct them tm the retigion of the Saviour, ‘The following were among the commitments made yes- terday by the police magistrates;—James Lynch, on charge of dangerously stabbing Henry Allen, during a quarrel carly yesterday morning on the corner of South street and Maiden lane; Owen Hart, @ young man of twenty-one, on charges of theft and attempts to take the life of Bernard MeGafney by firing four pistol shots at him in avenue A; a man named Cochran, charged with pioking from the pocket of Mr. George Repper, of 172 Forsyth street, on the platform of a Thira avenue oar, & gold watch valued at two hundred and twenty-five dollars, which was recovered; a young man of twenty- two, giving bis name as John Morrissey, and living at 14 Mulberry street, on « charge of as faulting and beating in the Bowery William Nolaa, of 66 New Bowery, and unsuccessfully ‘attempting to steal from the latter a gold watch and « considerable amount of momey, and William Martin, alias George W. Smith, on complaint of selling a horse witiga werweun pao whites and blacks on the cogst, . amd carriage, valued at three bundied gad Afty dopars, which he had hired at a fivery stable in East Houston street. r ‘The police yesterday afternoon made a descent on an alleged gambling establishmont at 97 and 99 Sixth ave- nue, and arrested and locked up for examination twonty- eight men found therein. The argument in the case of General Briacoe, charged with robbing the Quartermaster’s Department at Lyuch- burg, Va., was concluded on Saturday before the mili- tary commission in Washington having cognizance of the matter, No doubt is entertained thata verdict of guilty will be rendered; but it is thought that this will (be accompanied by a recommendation to mercy. The religious ceremonies in honor of General George Wriyht and hie wife, who were drowned while the Gene- ral was on his way to assume command of the Depart- ment of Columbia, by the sinking of the steamship Bro- ther Jonathan, ia the Pacific Ocean, wore performed in San Francisco om Saturday last. The remaing of the de- coased were taken to Sacramento for interment. & late San Fraacisco despatch states that the damage tw that city by the recent earthquake was nos quite so extensive as at the: time reported, though the place ex- perienced a pretty severe shaking. A fow were killed; but it is thought that one hundred dol- lara will cover the leases {rem sbattered aad peostrated dwellings. ‘Phe Recuperation of the South—The Way ~ to Settle It, The way to settle. the qnestion of reccmstruc- tion im the South is to settle the country to be yecenstructed. The: great obstruction hereto- fore im the way of Sonther= advancement—born of the system of slavery,and existing ever.since that institution wae retained by the South—has deen a species of polities! and social antago- ' nism and conflict ef interests existing between the two sections, North and South. Thus sla- very introduced into the South a patriarchal mode of life, and @ political and social system obaoxious both to the progress of education and to liberal association with other peoples possessing different interests. The South became strictly an agricultural country, while ¢he North, rejecting slavery, naturally adopted the arts, commerce and manufacteres. On these two oppesing grounds the two peoples continually clashed. While one grew industrious, inventive and educated, the other remained slothful and ignorant; one cried for a protective tariff, and’ the othor shrieked for free trade. Hot argument in the foram, virulent abuse by the press, and con- stantly increasing animosity throughout tho body social followed of course. The abolition of slavery cut away the foundation and the whole rotten fabric foll to the ground, giving, at last, an opportunity for the true American sentiment to assort itself. That this American sentiment is superior to all extraneous influence the present condition of things amply proves. An entire revolution in thought and action has taken place throngh- out the major portion of the Southern Siates. As the French Revolution created ideas that had never before existed among the people of that nation, or at least bad never found ox- pression, so this rebellion has totally changed the opinions and views of the Southerners towards ourselves, Whereas we were formerly “mudsills” without cultivation, laborers for hire, now all these things are changed, and we are found to be earnest workers for the ad-— vancement of our country and people—at least the acts of our former detractors would lead one to beliove g0. To-day the one universal cry going up from the South is for an infusion of our energy, originality, industry and ambition—as in ancient times old men dropping feeble and palsied into the grave were wont to infuse into their thin and watery veins the rich blood of some youthful and stalworth slave, that thus their current of life might continue to ebb and flow yet a little longer. From evory State in the South—from the pine forests of North Carolina, with their wealth of tur- pentine; from the rice swamps and cot- ton islands of South Carolina; from the grain fields and exhausted tobacco plantations of Virginia ; from the cotton lands of Georgia, and the cedar swamps of Florida, where even. now bright Northern axes are beginning to hew their way to independence—from every quarter the lands are calling for Northern capi- tal, skill and industry. ‘The Valley of the Shenandoab, one of the richest farming coun- tries in the world, now lies desolate and fruit- less. Near Brunswick, in Georgia, the most valuable ship timber in the country is waiiing to be cut. Mines of wealth beneath the earth remain hidden for want of Yankee enterprise to develop them. In Georgia only one-sixth of the area devoted to farming is improved, and to-day even that is almost valueless for want of means. The tobacco lands of Virginia and other States which have been thrown out as exhausted could readily be renewed by proper tredtment, such ds every Northern farmer un- derstands, Daily our cities are filling with Southerners—extensive land owners, but other- wise penniless—who come here to offer por- tions of their land on our own terms. Property con be bought in any locality desired for less than one-sixth of its value before the war. Land that sold for fifty dollars an acre then, can now be had at from five to seven dollars. These parties will make any possible arrange- ment, so that their lands may be again worked to advantage, There is even an organized company, having for its object the introduction of Northern energy and capital into Southern States. They have one million tbree hundred thousand acres of mineral, grazing, bottom and timber lands in Virginia; over seven hundred thousand acres of timber, turpentine, cotton and mineral lands in Georgia and North and South Carolina. Fac- tories, furnaces, granite quarries, cotton gins— in fact, every conceivable natural or artificial wealth heretofore appertaining to the great Southern interest can now be bad for a song. Immigration and capital are now the two great wants of the South, and within the past two years shrewd men, whe discovered the fact, have realized immense fortunes by putting it to & practical test. But anotber most important feature in this great awakening in the minds of the South is their desire and demand for the means of edu- cation and machines for labor saving. Our publishers state that so great is the Southern demand for the old standard books for educa- tion that their presses can hardly supply it, while it utterly precludes the possibility of in- troducing anything new in that line. Our establishments for the sale of agricultural implements and every known invention for labor saving are daily filled with Southerners, who examine everything of that natare with the eagerness and curiosity of @ child, but also with the appreciation of minds that are just discovering what we have been at during all these years that they heve been asleep. One “cultivator” is equal to ten negro bands, and one “coffee roaster”—an ingenious little invention—will save the labor of one stalworth African per diem;'and’ as the old system of dozen men doing the work of one is wound up, it ts discovered that any inveution which saves human labor and time is rather » useful and beneficent article, All these facts are portentons; they show that the Southern people are at length ou growing the old John Randolph sneer about Yankee pediers and mechanics; they show that a great uprising and mental illumination is in process of incubation among our South- ern brethren, needing on'y to be fructified by ® little nursing on our part to become a great and potent-result. By these means the South will be truly reconstructed, restored and re- deemed; ® noble and beautiful country now Ysid waste will become vivified aad fruitful forever, while new fields of Iabor for the emi- gration of Burope, and new avenues for the use of capital, will eventuate in rendering this the most powerful and richest country and people on the'faee of the earth, bound together by ties of such intimate tt enity shall ever dissolve them, net ooh Prospects of the Pacifie Ratiway. — With numerous plans and many subsidies from Congress the parties who have been urging the project of a Pacific railroad have failed to carry them out, Their schomes are all broken to pieces, or they ave used for specu- lative purposes, in bolstering up some sinking er perhaps bogus stock. There is’ plenty of eapital in this country and Europe to carry through this important undertaking without delay, and without begging Congress forgrants of land or other donations. The party of Buro- pean eapitalists who have just been making tour, examining our system of railroads and investigating the extent of our resourees, has had this subject brought before them. Ina speech recently delivered before a public audience by Sir Morton Peto, one of the most influential members of the party, he said he would like to see “the Union of the States made solid and enduring by the linking of the Pacific territory with that of the Atlantic by means of the iron bands of the railroad. There should be no more rounding or crossing by Panama, or attempts to convey by steam on that route the vast trade and travel which would ensue between the two sections of the country now that the war was ended. Then, as now, England and the United States would, he was confident, go hand and band in pushing on the civilization of the Old and New Worlds.” Observations like these, coming from so practi- cal, sagacious and influential a source, cannot but be regarded as significant. English capital is ready to be invested in this road. One important and substantial link of the East- ern section—the Atlantic and Great West- em road—is the work of English capital and enterprise, with Sir Morton Peto, Mr. James Mclenry, Mr. Kennard and others as’ its architects and constractors. These gentlemen ond their friends de- sire no Congressional subsidies to aid tbem in their enterprises. What they un- deriake to pérform they undertake to accom- plish by their own means, and they have never Fet failed of success. All they ask is the favor of the Amerioan people; and that this is abun- dantly bestowed is iNustrated by the numerous cordial, flattering and liberal demonstrations that have greeted them all through their tour. This new steam line of communication with the Pacific is demanded for a number of rea- sons. It will bring Europe closer to Asia, and make America the centre of the world’s com- merce, civilization and progress, It will make this continent the centre of trade and travel be- tween London and Pekin. It will civilize our vast Western wildernesses, spread the glittering riches of the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Ne- vada before the world, and open a surer and more expeditious route from our own Atlantic shores to the Pacific than the roundabout ones by way of the Horn or the Isthmus, This trade, as Sir Morton suggests, now that the war is ended, will become enormous, and will require adouble or more tracks to carry it on. The business with the now States and Territories of Sierra Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Colo- rado, Arizona, New Mexico, together with Ore- gon and Washington, is rapidly augmenting, and 1s entirely beyond the capacity of the present modes of conveyance, although new expresses are started every few weeks over the plains. The pioneer people of these regions appeal earnestly for this railroad, and are willing to lend all the aid they possess to carry it along. They know that by the meansot this road the de- velopment of their country will, in ten years’ time, well nigh repay the cost of the road, and their population be counted by millions instead of hundreds of thousands. The questions as to what route it will take or by whom. it will be built are with them no matter of importance, All they say is, “Let the road be built, no mat- ter by whom, or whether by foreign or native capitalists.” This is the proper spirit. The people on the Pacific side, with their usual energy, commenced their end of the route some two years since, and, notwithstanding the war and the high price of gold, have ascended over half way from Sacramento city to the summit of the Sierra Nevada mountains, and expect to have the road built to the summit— one hundred and four miles from the city of Sacramento—by the first of November, 1866. When it is considered that Sacramento is two thousand seven hundred feet above tidewater, the magnitade of the work may be imagined. Four thousand men, mostly Chinese, are at work on this end of the Pacific road at this time. The State of Califorma has donated, for the prosecution of the work, two millions one hundred thousand dollars, in gold paying inter- est bonds, The city of San Francisco gives four hundred thousand dollars, Sacramento six hun- dred thousand, Placer county two hundred and fifty thousand, the interest on all of which is payable in gold. This shows the spirit of the people of the comparatively young State of California in regard to this grand project. The same enthusiasm in regard to it prevails all through the mountainous silver regions. To meet this momentum on the Pacific side we have already lines established on ‘the Atlantic side, reaching directly from the city of New York to the city of St, Louis, and stretch- ing some two hundred miles from the latter place into the interior, In the construction of large portion of this route, as we have already seen, Buropean capital has been largely invested without government aid All they have now to do is for the moneyed men of Europe to nid in the completion of the road to the Pacific, and if the American capitalists and stockjobbers dally and speculate with the pro- ject any longer have them laid out in the cold by proclaiming their willingness to build the road promotly, without aay government ussiai- oe ) X ain — 0e) MEW. YORK) HERALD, | MONDAY,'(OOTOBER '28/ 1885. Wo men; ‘but in all’ other “ departments of our olty government the management is eee se an bad 2 Sees wor pela Department organized winter a y turned outa disastrous failure, and promises to be » bitter pill for the insurance companies which secured its passage. The directors of these corporate are nearly all denounc- ing the “Thus the Park, Croton and Poljea Odinmissions are about the only departisonte in our city which: present an honest and efficient administration of affairs. ‘Thie‘War of the Radicals—Phelr Position ey as Shown by Mr. Seward. Mr. Seward’s speech at Aubure is remarke- ble as one more manifesto in the eonflict that is evidently to rage between the government e the radical agitators. Stevens, Sumner and Wendell Phillips have put forth the three violent tirades of the redicals. Mr. MoCallook gave one dignified answer, and Mr. Seward, the head of the congervative elements of the repub- lican pasty, : The best point in the speech is that it puts the radicals in their proper place. ‘With a dis- tinctness, # force and 8 felicity ‘of statement that will make this point clear to every faculty, it holds the radicals up to public reprobation, as the allies inevil of the men who strove to de- ‘atroy the country, aad more particularly as the friends and helpers of that rump of the rebel-_ lion that in the Southern States evén now op- poses the labor of reconstruction. “To hinder reconstruction is to keep up thestate originated by those who made the war. To delay the set- tlement of the country in order to secure “ulti- mate political triamph” is merely to “insti- tate a new civil war.” And how is recon- struction hindered?—how is this new civil war forced upon the country? “You are your selves,” says Mr. Seward, “aware of the answer, when you fasten upon any violent, factious or seditious exhibition of passion or discontent in any of the lately rebellious States, and argue from it the failure of the plan. Every turbu- lent and factious person in the lately insurrec- | tionary States is resisting, hindering and delay-‘ ecive whatever: In this they will have the eym- Our last news from Mexico informs uw that’ among the Americans who have ac- cepted official positions under Maximilian is “Senor M. F. Maury,” not unknown to the world im connection with science, who was at terials got no credit. Maury, excommander of the United States Navy, ex-President of the National Observatory, and present official of Maximilian, gathered all the credit into his own fold. It is now very well under- stood that Maury had very little to do with the practical operation of those discoveries with which his name is connected; and it is worth remembering that many of the theories which he advanced in connection with the At- lantic telegraph and the submarine plateau be- tween Newfoundland and the coast of Ireland have been subsequently. proved erroneous. For instance, his theory that the pressure of the water in the Atlantic Ocean must extinguish ~ life, and that the bed of the sea was @ gre’ yard, that no vitality could be found there, was upset by the experiments of Colonel Tal. P. Schaffer, of Kentucky, who made a voyage in northern latitudes, in the region of Iceland, and by his soundings found mollusce, with all the evidences of life. He reported the fact to the. British government, and they sent out explorers on the same route, who found plenty of the mollusk tribe on thelr sounding lines, full of life in the highest condition known to that low class of the animal kingdom. So much for’ Maury’s graveyard theory. ‘The survey of the great Atlantic plateau was anticipated by Commodore Berryman, of. the United States Navy, when the Atlantic cable ywas first projected, and the information which he obtained by experiment he communicated to the British government upon his arrival in England. For this he was brought to task by | Maury, and in like manner all the labors of other United States officers were absorbed by the head of, the National Observatory and placed to his own eredit. In fact, as far back as 1848 Colonel Sherburne bad announced this Atlantic plateau, and arrived at the same con- clusions which have since been established, with the exception of Maury’s “graveyard”, notion. < We see, therefore, how easy it is for o man in power to manufacture a reputation upon the industry of others. There were many offi- cers of the navy who would have been willing to have assumed the position of Lieutenant Maury, and fully as competent to fulfil its duties; but he was the lucky one, and he has succeeded in obtaining a name in naval scionce at the expense of others—a name, however, which his recent career has blotted all over with infamy. Devevormznt or tus Om Reaions.—The first mission of importance to the oil regions of Pennsylvania was that sent by the New York Henatp over a year ago. The Heratp repre- sents the capital of the whole world, and Petro- lia had the benefit of its influence othorwise, in bringing out the riches of its oily caverns. Subsequently a mission consisting of a number of the most prominent capitalists of Europe, representing from two to three hundred mil- lions, vigited the same regions; and, more re- cently,’ mission consisting of some two hun- dred American capitalists, representing, it is stated, from one to two hundred millions, has just made the tour of the oleaginons districts. What tie precise objects of these latter mis- sions are, following as they do the pioneer mission of the Hzrap, which operated so won- derfully in opening the country more than a year ago, we cannot, of course, say. They may be to invest in oil lands, oil leases, oil wells, or to monopolize all the oil lands by a gigantic purchase, or to forestall Congressional legisla- tion; or they may be to build railroads and other- wise improve the ways of this remarkable ter- ritory, where towns spring up in a night, as if petroleum were the genuine oil of Aladdin. If the building of railronds be one of the objects, the sooner the capitalists set about it the bet- ter; for, from all we can hear, the roads at best are bad enough, and there is no name for the worst. At any rate, we find that Petrolia is likely to be largely benefited by the fresh in- troduction of a large amount of foreign and native capital—all springing from this pioneor movement of the Hmratp. Tue Revonm Movement Fizzis.—The boast- ed reform organizations in this city have all disastrously, fizzled out and are in reality the greatest humbugs in the city. They have fh- creased the corruption in this city and at Al- bany, and, in fact, the developments indicate that sugh was their object. With all their efforts at reform we have gone on deeper and deeper, until rink corruption has penetrated almost overy department of our city and State government. The only departments in this city which are honestly managed and con- ducted with strict probity are the Park, the Croton Aqueduct and Metropolitan Po- lice Commissions. In these there seems to be some regard to the principles which we once believed oxisted among our oub- ing the work of restoration to the extent of his ability.” He is keeping up the spirit that made the war bitter—keeping men’s minds in a ferment of discontent, and rendering impoasi- ble that sense of satisfaction and harmony of intercourse that are absolutely necessary for the real settlement of the country. That is the result of agitation at the South, where the agitators are despised by the masa ' f the people and snesred at asthe men whe ‘staid at home throughout the war. But agite- tors on our side do even greater evil, because they have greater power. “The caso,” says Mr, Seward, “is precisely) the same with ourselves. Manifestations of doubt, distrust, crimination, contempt or defiance “blood and treasure” but even though he was that ne single drop of his own blood should be in the present agitation of the radicals, and bow the the imperialists of Mexico, and the arrange- ments for running this line must have been made with the Maximilian party, and thus in opposition to the old republic. We understand also that railroad grants have been obtained from the same source, and a number of Amert- cans have connected themselves with these pro- jects. These schemes are now being followed by the organization of a Mexican Express Co(a- pany, recognized, of course, by the imperial party on the Mexican portion of, the route, Among those prominently connected with this enterprise is a gentleman so well acquainted with-the policy of the State Department and its drift on Mexican affairs, as almost to surprise one to see his name mixed up in the enter prise. Then, several leading rebel officors have becn placed by Maximilian at the head of the Colonization Bureau to obtain American emigration. ¥ We publish this morning tions from the Mexican Consul Geaeral of the Juarez government, and Sefior Romero, the Minister at Washington from the republic of Mexico, calling attention to those ptojects and citing the laws of the country bearing upon them. They show distinctly that all of these schemes, railroads and others, will be repudi- ated by the republican government of Mexico, and that they will be sponged from the slate with one stroke. In view of the compli- cations which will soon arise in Mexico, we commend these statements to the attention of the public as important and curious facts. Tae Exp or Tas Reset Dast.—President Jobnson’s telegram to Provisional Governor Holden has completely settled the question in regard to the rebel debt. The President says:—“Every dollar of the State debt created to aid the,rebellion against the United States should be repudiated, finally and forever.” He emphatically adds:—“Let those who have given their means for the obligations of the State look to the power they tried to establish in violation of the laws, the constitution and the will of the people, They must meet their fate.” ‘The North Carolina Convention endorsed thi view of the case, and repudiated tho debt by the decisive vote of eighty-four to twelve. All