The New York Herald Newspaper, September 11, 1865, Page 3

i A 4 it fs ul i i i i “il : HG EH iy i F ul & a 22 PA fF A f : i coe Est if i i i such confederated or ———e Bumpers in all cee ‘over two millions.’ e. time the staple products of all these provinces are Eettangod fee ‘of duty; the extension of trade resulting fron federation could therefore only be in This would amount to lit Rothing, no demand in Nova Scotia, New Bruns- or Priuce Edward Island for jan manufac- even if the ation were much larger than it is. b ‘acquisition revive the trade of | Fj i i Hh t Confederation would not aid immigration—the great ‘want of Canada—or draw labor and capital into the pro- would leave untouched evil tifat shuts Hf £3 5 @anger of a war to be fought out upon . Indeed, by throwing the gauntlet down States, it ‘would render such mee the more Confederation, without adding to dhe revonue of ould increase the fazpenaicare To the eet re. general re would be added the ex; Of sepa- vate local latures, The building of intercolonial /—@ road traversing an uninbabited and uninhabit- cou: “pepe to be used in summer and rendered part and ‘millions, i ER snow for five months of tha winter— Paroel of the scheme—would entail ‘gpon the province en immediate debt estimated at twenty- but which, it ig well known, would reach millions, and a ve outlay of from fifty toa Sec ene ON ne yaroel of the mH, would aleo @ntal a further several millions upon the Pro- Ta the meantime the canats of Western Canada would pet be ‘St. Lawrence would ‘be left in its Pepa ry SAIC Beclnrons penouldmon.ans the rown oO} taxati Wese “biceel ” would Tall pot the Ie! nies can be estimated from the following state- ‘The (otal value of the exports from Canada to all the British North American colonies for the year 1863 was 000, | ‘The total value of exports from Canada to the United Mates in 1863 was $: ),000. The total value of imports into Canada from all the British North American Provinces in 1! was $610,000. ‘The total value of imports into Capada from the United Gates in 1863 was $29,100,000. ‘The total number of vessels entered inward from sea at ae ports, from all the British colonies, in was The total number of vessels entered outward for sea at Mi the Canadian ports, to all the British colonies, for was 687. And it is this mighty trade with distant and scattered eolonies that ts held out as a boon to a starving province over two millions of qateeng: inhabitants, while trade with a neighbor lying at their very door, and ng to thom a market with over thirty millions of people, is denied them. ‘VBE PEOPLE NOT TO BE TAKEN IN BY THE CONF! BRATION FRAUD. ‘The truth is confederation is too empty and shallow a | re to impose upon the people. Both in Upper and wer Canada they are rs gpa to it, and it is only used ‘By the present provincial ministry in obedience to the Dehests of the British government, and to furnish them ‘with a pretence for farang cir coalition and re- taining power. The people of Upper Canada, it is true, ‘wero at firet dis; to favor confederation, because they fancied they beheld in it a means of destroying the inating influence of the French population of the rf province; but so soon as they discovered that con- federation meant the expenditure of money for defences ‘and militia they were prepared to reject it, The French @anadians are almost to a man opposed to it, and brand he.r leaders in Parliament who favor it as recreant to NEW YORK HERALD, MUNDAY, SEPTEMBER li, 1865. om this con'inent and to build up @ parted jon in the North which shall not be in danger of absorbed by the United States. ”” The ry in @ review of pond entrap sail history and changes on the American 01 it, BAYS:— be ype become an Aid gw assume a new ‘There oh ificance—a volume of warning in these few words. Will the United States suffer to build up this ‘new nation” on the tinent ? Will our American ernment pause and hesitate in its policy until gun- Boats and sage batteries and marcy one Pdf us at ev int along our borders, ns of thou- sands of Weed and millions of dollars worth of property of our own citizens pay the forfeiture of vacillation and dolay? or will it act promptly and at once, and seize and bind this it and segressive Power while it can do 80 probably without the of a life, certainly without entailing upon our citizens any serious sacrifices? THE MARITIME PROVINCES TO BR COERCED. That England will attempt to coerce the maritime provinces into confederation, rather than abandon her policy, there is little doubt. She knows that without the jute, power which ¢onfederation will give her she cannot Kope to retain the colonies in her grasp. Sir Etienne Taché, the deceased leader of the ministry, has told her, ‘in case confederation is not effected, if not forcibly annexed to the United States, Canada will be Iaced on an inclined plane, which will carry her there Tosensibiy.” She does not intend to lose her hold on the previnces. member of the Legislative Assembly, in close alll- ance with the ministry, in a conversation recently held in the city of Quebec, stated positively that the minister who visited England has received a pledge from the home government that, all other Tmeane’fallitg, confeder- ation Id be forced upon the maritime provinces by. the imperial authority, and that it was in order to strengthen the justification of coercion, by giving a large preponderance to the provinces in favor of confedera- tion, that the immediate acquisition of the Northwest Territory by Canada was deemed advisable. This policy is foreshadowed in the following remarks fr yen @ Toronto Globe, the ministerial organ, August ‘In view of the confederation of all British America, the acquisition of the Northwest is a most important step. By ihcorporating it with this province we can speak for the whole country between British Columbia and New Brunswick. When Canada pronounce for a general union, England will under.tand that more than three- Sourths of ish America speaks,” The London Times, a few weeks since, hinted at the policy of “gentle though firm compulsion,” to bring ‘the provinces to a sense of duty, and the Prince Edward Island Heraid thus predicts:—" We venture to say that if ‘martial law and free quarters’ shall be necessary to force confederation on this ‘wretched patch of sand- bank,’ they will not fail to be recommended by certain scheming politicians.” Indeed, British troops have re- cently been sent into Prince Edward Island, the most intractable of the provinces, under the pretence of an apprehension of tenant riots, but, a8 many believe, with the ultimate view of coercing and terrifying the province int confederation. THE PROPOSED CONFEDERATE CONSTITUTION. The principal features of the proposed constitution for the intercolonial confederation are as follows:— ‘Tho executive authority or government to be vested in the British sovereign, and to be administered personally or by representative, ‘The sovereign or representative to be com! chief of all the forces. A general parliament for the federated provinces, composed of a legislative council and a house of com: mons. The confederation to be divided into three parte— Upper Canada, Lower Canada and Acadia (or Nova Sco- tia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward {sland). Each part to have twenty-four members of the legislative council, Acadia’s share being subdivided thus:—Nova Sootia ten, New Brinewick ten, and Prince Edward Island four. The members of the legislative council to be appointed by the crown for life; to be British born or naturalized nder-in- ‘their country and their faith. ‘The Cornwall Freeholder, in a recent articlo on confed- eration, taid:— “We are far from attributing interested motives to the of the western section of the province; but, never- confederation is not now regarded as the cure- all it, was at one time held to be. Although not open! they fail to give it a word of encouragement, doubt truth will oon dawn upon them, and expose fin all its wretched nudity humbug.” ‘The Brockville Reorder, the St. Catharines Pos, the Worfolk the Guelph Advertis:r, the Montreal Witnes, and nearly every French paper in Lower Canada, scheme. TE emadian af enne of commenting upon the to force cuanto on the provinee, rr in the name of liberty that it is permitted to do that ee to be Ned when m, a “hy democratic tutions, viAlaay @ July 7 says of the benefits of con- “We may get the great Northwest; but we must pay Sor it, We must get fortifications; but, with the excep- ‘Gon of Quebec, we must pay for them. We may deepen or 3 bub we must pay for the work. “We may ee Hal 5, but we must pay for {i 4 land, for its ion, Sortiffe ralter, OF any 4 , cane? strategic To? Sif ite fortifications. aid of which we are t© land does for us!” PRDERATION. @onfederation has been rejected by the mari- @ue and thua, ip fact, be considered for the pepe oto a ir ta te Ou ne oceu| min ‘le galvanise tho. carcass and to prevend that @hange is about to come over the of the contuma- provinces ; they have no authority whatever for The learn Dut ae and it is contradicted by every person anything of pblic sentiment in those locali- of Au 16 saye :— “We from a highly intelligent source, from a who hag just ret from thence (the ‘and bas had le ‘maritime provinces) amp! gpporranity = Pca eee @ scouted ; thas they enter. ast feel! of suspicion and pabcaen iit concealed aversion at the ernment to bring about a oo! union. Indeed, 80 strong mene of undve preeeur, ie openly spoken OaBO undue P begs 16 0] ly spoken ‘preferable destiny to that of forming « part and eb North American confederat! * ad taken place of a public character “qty that the verdicts already ex- <guemed in Nova ‘and New Bruswick will not be recorded. But even if bare majorities were found Srorabie wo the project, it would be questionable policy to ¢ven upon & large minority, # union whic! Proves: 1 to Ms ‘The Halifax nt 8 eaye:— Confederation 18 ing on,’ Bays the ss = on’ Canadian policy, and eo itis, ‘marching As faras this province is concerned, we speak the words of soberness and truth whon we say that Advocates outside of the city of Halifax, once per- pumbered by hundreds, may now be numbered by ‘The Halifax Sun and Advertiser sore im bor da “We would ie confederation) wi masters their being upstarts, and in a bond- annexation agitation stirred the Times thus foreshadowed contede- ‘Is it impossible to devise a government, qe imperial, or |, a8, by consoliMat- Ong the three North American provinces, would erect a © breakwater between us and our nearest and most dable neighbor?” ‘The (aradian however much they may endeavor © hoodwink the with a belief in the commercial @dvan in reality anderstand it in its tur light, a8 & means of strengthening the mili ‘or of Eugland upon the American ps: alry ‘The Rervee Daily News, ist 18, says:— « “The question of the future federation of the British colonies is one which we as chiefly in- Sass ite aspect of copnection with the defence of Conade in the event of war between Great Britain and the States, fax Sum and Advertiser of July 7 holds the If the long frontier of Canada were attacked, what ‘would bécome of our own shores wi our seamen and wore to man the gunboats on the ? Hon, T. D. exultingly said to a Canadian that he oud Saou and seamen from maritime provinors under vel ie, end we comld nut deiler ourselves. > ANEW NATION TO BE BUILT UP ON THE AMBRICAN OONTINENT, why should the United States object to Fog. defending her Canadian possessions Y"’ is askeg by If it suould be to answer the question and all Cw ny will be swallowed up Sts oper heen neh ae = in ite fallest © principle known as the ‘satisfactory reply would be found in designs building up a “new nation” pe | and that hor intentions ti Ee fact oa the ‘were a imé since, and may be at some future pe- lod, nggrogsive afd not dofensive, Let us seo tho Review, \n an article on intercolonial When this is consummated, ‘* the Y @ great British Power on the American me cease to be the glorious vision of a remote sux ‘The London Herald says of confoderation:— “Tho great object of the British government #s (0 ereot Nationality on the north bank of the St. Standard, yeocep | that the aggrossive of must Involve tho nation in war, en- her of her folly and to place # curb on ts out the hortile attitude of this * te armente—ite forfroeses—ite equad- Jooal watgra—fte drafted militia—and 2 are the vital nointa of the pohome, whicb will citizens, of thirty years of age, and possessing four thou- sand dollars clear property. The first selection of membera to be made from the present legislative council. -The basis of representation in the house of commons to be ios german! and the first number to be one hun- . dred and ninety-four, divided as follows:—Upper Canada eighty-two, Lower Canada sixty-five, Nova ia _nine- teen, New Brunswick filteen, Prince Edward Island five, To be elected for five years, unless sooner dis- Bolved by the Governor. The separate provinces to be governed by a Heutenant overnor, to be appointed by the Governor General for ve ir luring pleasure. Al) calaries winced, = -— ‘The debt pation is thus settled:—Upper and Lower ring. in a debt of only, $05,500,000, Nove Scotia $8,000,000, New Brunswick $2,000°000. All engagements that may tefere the union te entered into with imperial rnment for the defence of the country shall be assumed rise general Seanneee v THE EFFECT OP THE CONSTITUTION. This constitution would render England's RGwer abso. Beka the $9 province, with ‘a governor ral jp gh na tS Heutenant governors over the severg] divietons, andan upper house in the general pas) i appointed by and the ercatures of the crown; *ith the whole mihtia ander the contro! of tho B Secretary of War, and commanded by British officers, where would be the freedom of the people? How could they ever change constitutionall; legislative couneil thus « the form be before the confederated provinces became a monarchy, ruled over by one of the princes of the royal family of ~ land? 6 Provision which obliges the confederated govern- ment to assume and carry out ngagements that may have been entered into with perial government, Brevious wo confederation, for the defence of the country, deserves the especial notice of those Canadians who do not desire to see the country involved in @ ruinous ex- penditure for useless defences. When the Canadian Mmisters visited England they tmformed the British government that they could not submit the question of defences to the people in their present condition without endangering the confederation gcheme. They therefore entered into a secret engage- Ment with the Home government, on the part of to build an entire = bed defences along the borders, atan outlay of severa! millions, to be furn! by & va secured by England; and this clause is le a funda. mental part of the confederate constitution, in order that after confederation the people may be forced to carry out the secret agreement thes made, by their ministers. To this tricky policy the Canadian people are subjected by their rulers. THE OBJECTIONS TO esas a AMERICAN on pers AR . ie As confederation can only be carried out by an out- Fagoous coercion, 80 disgraceful as to bring shame upol ‘ny nation, and as it would not reifeve the wante of 1 Canadian people, if forced upon them, it ig wéll to ex- amine the objections raised against the only measure that promises | i to the provinte—its annexation to the United States. The debt of the United States 1s the most favorite bug bear used to frighten Canadiane from the contemplatien of annexation. It is needless to show that the weight of debt Co mapa yom the resources of the debtor; that a ee. forty dol ead, which isin fact the real debt of Canada to-day, fe heavier for a starving provincial than one hundred dollars » head would be to a thriving citizen of the States; for this objection to annexation can be met in another way. The very constitution of the pro- em colonial ‘contaeretion teaches us that an inequality jn the debis of separate countries, if they are about to ‘unite, can be equitably arranged by agreement £0 ae to be just to all partes, RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS. Ab appeal is made the anti-annexationiste to the religious sentiment of the French Catholics, and pic- tures of the persecutions they would suffer under Yankee rule are constantly kept before their eyes. An intelli- it people cannot be deceived by such statements. 6 fact is the Catholics of Lower Canada enjoy no privileges at the present time which they would not enjoy under the republic, while the Catholics of Upper Canadawould enjoy a religious toleration and freedom to which they-are now strangers. In the articles of capitulation between M. de Ramsey and Admiral Saunders and General Townshend, on the 18th September, 1769, the former stipulated for the maintenance of the exercise of the Catholic Apostolic and Roman religion, and for safeguards for the monns- teries and the houses of the clergy, which were granted. juis de Vandreuil capitulated to Major , the British commander-in-chief, on 8th September, 1760, the free exercise of Roman Catholic religion was guaranteed; the chapter, prieste, curates and missionaries were allowed to continue with entire liberty their exercise and functions of curés in parishes; the commu- nities of nuns were continued and preserved in their con stitutions and | caning iy and the communities and priests were confirmed in the possession and enjoyment of their property and revenues of the seignories und other estates which they possessed in the colonies. ‘The question of the payment of tithes to the Catholic priesthood was reserved for the King’s pleasure Tho payment of t.thes is now volui ; for any person who chooses to refuse paymentcan do #0, Indeed, there are no privileges whatever now enjoyed by the Catholics of Lower Canada which they could not equally enjoy under the republic. ENGLAND'S HATRED OF CATHOLICISM, But ave the Canadian Roman Catholics fe ae reCure in the enjoyment of religious freedom under Great Pritain as they would be under the republic? Have they uot geen in the growing animosity towards Lower Car the persistent attempt to overthrow what is cal : ination’? by the English population.of the pre gl to convince them that whenevor the Briton ¢ ‘tho might he will assume tho right to deprive them their boasted roligious privileges? Let tho Catholics of the Lower province look to the bloody annals of their Co-religioniata in Upper Canada, It is @ historioal fact that the Irish Catholic im the cities of Upper Canada is forbidden from celebrating st. Paterek's fot fear of occasioning breaches of the peace. The Toronto Globe, the organ of one of the lead- ing Members of the government, published on one occa. sion & statement to the effect that tho Catholic churches and chapela in that city were filled with pikee, destined for a general massacre of the Protestant population. Tho Montreal Witness charged that thig wicked and incen- diary stat it was designed to incite the burning down of Roman ne churches by the inflamed PoP’ 0, On ® more recent occasion the Church of St, Patrick was burned down in ito by incendiaries. The To- Tonto in ite account of the fire, stated that the firemen, undér the incentives of Protestant leaders, Would not work to ox! ish the flames. Tt says:— “With an exprossion dish delight one of these heroes was heard to exclaim, ‘There is one damned mass house gone, raat ie fees would go o #AMO Way.’ Another, upon seeing tho bell fall, remarked, ‘There goes the damned bell, Sen's it a pity tbe dagued wriest \a 2 Retin there with it, thet he might hear ite sound on his way to hell’? It te by such men that the French Catholics are warned against seeking association the United States, With far reason they be cautioned that the confederation scheme means in the end the foundation of a monarchy, under one of Pro- testant princes, on the site of the establish ment of the Church of It will be well, too, for the Catholic population of to remember 1e bone of the British it appears that thei) thousand bene, SU oF now, AG tee Seam Wee secret society @ source of strength an security to Catholiciam ? THE STATE OF SOCIETY. ‘The state of society in the States is bape ap 0 reason: against annexation, The American people are pictured a8 ruffians, their public men as dishonest, and their judiciary as corru; ile these stories might at one me have had some effect upon the Canadian they now fall poworless, The association between the jd aitanoe noe setae porte be Se years no ice can now Taised in the minds of Canadians. The masses are begin- ning to understand and appreciate our people, and if our neighbors have their own ideas of a pure judiciary they are now sufficiently familiar with our institutions to know that those matters are controlled by the States in their individual capacity, THE LOSS OF NATIONALITY. If the Canadian, British or French, would lose hie ‘‘na- he would receive in return & mew nationality of which be would soon learn to be Proud. The Englishman and the Frenchman who comes to the States, either frem Canada or Europe, becomes a naturalized American at the earliest possible moment, and feels proud of his new country. So will it be with the great masg of the Canadians, who will soon kift u; their heads with the best of us, and glory in the oust, “Zam an American citizen.” THE ADVANTAGES OF ANNEXATION TO AMERICA. The United States would derive many and solid advan- tages from the extension of her territory over the Cana- dian province. As has been shown, she would close her northern border, and by sealing up the entrance of the St. Lawrence keep her inland waters forever free from invasion. She would be rid of an unfriendly neighbor, Jealous of her growing power, and ready at any moment of trouble or embarrassment to act in hostility to her government. She would put aquietus upon the pre- sumption of European Powers which seek, in their arro- rp to stretch their armed hands across the Atlantic cise, would substitute legitimate trade’ for organized smuggling; would secure internal channels of communi- cation with her western lands, which enterprise would soon convert into vast highways of commerce; and would open to the energies of her people a country that would speedily be rescued from poverty and made to pour its wealth into the nation’s treasury. No longer under the nocessity of providing against a border foe, she would turn all her resources to her marine, and become the undisputed master of the seas, THE PLAN OF THE ANNEXED STATES. The following scheme of States has been suggested for the provinces, until settlement and increase demand other divisions:-— First—The State of Ontario, or Canada West, to contain the whole of Upper Canada, down to the foot of Lake Ontario. The population of this State would be exclu- sively English, with the exception of some flty or sixty thousand French, scattered over it or settled near De- troit, They are identical with the citizens of the border towns on the American side. Separated only by an im- aginary line, by rivers crossed in ten minutes and lakes in six hours, in daily contact with each other, the daily wants of one supplied by the products of the other, the newspapers of cach sidé freely circulated among them, they are already ag one community, and annexation would scarcely bring to them, socially, a perceptible change. ‘Sccond—The State of St. Lawrence, or Canada East, to include the districts of Quebec and Three Rivers, with the exception of some of the southern townships.’ The active population of this would be almost, exclusively French—the mercantile classes having no political int! ence and being quite apathetic. So far ag their lo.al government would be concerned, the State could indulge in a fancied French nationahty to thelr heart's content. And what is their present nationality but a sham? Third—The State of Ottawa, or Central Canada, to consist of the Ottawa district, and of that portion of Upper Canada which lies between the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence; of the districts of Montreal and St, Francis; leaving to St. Lawrence, or Canada East, the bordering parishes of purely French character, and taking op the south the townships of British law and settlement. The composition of the latter State would be pretty equally of those who speak the French and those who speuk the Euglish tongues, and so far these might be elements of contention, But these can never be erudi- cated, except by the extermination of one race or the other, and must therefore be left to the healing intluen- ces of time, The balance would do away with the evil of astraggle for supremacy of race, and in close neighbur- ood and business fehowsbip ‘traditional quarrels aud animosities would soon be forgotten. ENGLAND'S POLICY—HER DRTRRMINATION TO HOLD ° CANADA. In considering the question of annexation, it becomes important to inquire, what is 28 ¥ isehe prepared yield up her Canadian possessions ‘withBut a struggle? It has been the fashion for British statesmen and the British press t) adopt an indiffer. nt tone when discussing the relations between these colo- nies and the mother country. ‘They are an expeuse to us without apy equivalent return,’’ has been the common cry, “and to give them up would be our gain.’ ‘Tho Canadians, in these conversations upon this point, ax ageneral thing, aver that England will give them their independence whenever they please to ask it, and that she would throw no obstacle in the way of their annexation to the Stat should the people of Canada desire the connection. “the prevailing sentiment of the tory or British connection ‘on this point is cor- rectly embodied in the following extract from a recent Jetter written by a member of that party, who is a tory representative jn the Provincial Parliamgnt and a pro- minent supporter of the present ministry :— “In answer to your Inquiry as to the position of Eng- land, I would give it as my belief that she would be glad to get rid of us honorably if she could, We aro an ox- pense to her people, who are taxed for our defence, and we should be @ source of weaknees to them in case of war, for we are everywhere along our borders open to at- tack, and she would bave to defend her soil bere from invasion instead of concentrating all her power Ih an at- tack upon you. But the fact is we who do not desire to be annexed to your repubiic cannot afford to take our independence. fe are not sirens enough alone to pre- vent yeu good Yankees from swallowing us up, and we therefore prefer to keep up our connection with a Power strong endugh to protect us againgt your aggressions. ‘But Bugland has in fact evinced no real jneination to Jet the Canadas go in peace; and it is in Conflict with the y' advance one pace, by any act of hers, the progress of re- Dubiican Mery.” 1 sng hs counived athe s4o about your business” off, it has been because she believed that by that fretence, better than by Open opposition, aig, got \d postpone the hour of separation, Knowing the {Interests and natural position of the Cana- das drew them towards the United States, she has sought by loans and subsidies to bind them to hervelf, To-day, a8 we bave shown, she is striving to promote the confed- eration of all the provinces, in order that she may build up a military power in Canada, and by largely increased indebtedness fasten her hold yet more firmly upon hea American possessions, In the separation agitations of 1837 and 1849 the gov- erament of Great Britain used all its power to crush out the annexation spirit,and to punish those who had striven to promote it. Tho tone of its organs was not calculated to lead to the belief that England was prepared to yield jon of her colonies. The Quebec Mercury, the Mouthpiece of the provincial government, spoke thus during the annexation movement of 1840:— “There are other interests than ours concerned in this t and important portion of the British empire, and it were —. ~. on wo Ss grafity a sparce tion, scarcely yet amounting to one millon haa hua, if settled on the St. Lawrence and partially along the lakes, those who hold in trust the vast territor British North America for two hundred mil- lions of souls, and possibly more, should complacently surrender it to them. In fact they dare not. Every British subject from the Ganges to the Columbia has ap interest in the country we inhabit, acquired as it has been by the prowess of their fathers, at the expense of British treasure and British blood, and nurtured into its Present advanced state by British enterprise, industry and wealth. The tenure Ly which it constitutionally and in fact fs held by the imperial authorities is in trust for future generations as well as the present, and of that trust we may be aseured they will faithfull — themselves, by energetically and patriotioal! holding on for the interests of that em pire upon which the sun never sets, and whose rights over the vast empire they will not compromise, we may rest assured. They are really weak men who can smagine the British govern ident enough to part with the site of an empire 90 tig The London Times tn asked the question :— “Could we give up to a rival and aggressive republic a province as vast as France without perilling our er and damagtng our poy ann * Could we give up Canada without affroating the brave loyalists of Nova Scotia and losing the most valuable harbors in the globe? If Canada ceases to be Britieh, must Nova Scotia, New Bronswick and l’rince Edward Islands cease to be British also? Or ia there no intermediate course which should secure to the discontented colony independence, without forcing her into rivalry or hostility? Js tuch a government, whether royal, can, as by consolic the three vino would erect a hu nearest and most Tho London He & government organ, in the an- nexation movement of 1549, characterized It as ‘' a piece of presumption and absurdity, gross and glaring, to pro- poso an amicable transfer of 2 pelt ‘and thus gave utterance to a covert threat:—“Woe trust that Lord John Russell will see to this in time, eapecially as Lord Grey must be much too busy just now with Cephalone and the Cape to attend to anything short of a real rebellion. Eiso that which now has a good deal of the appearance of a yuvaiee plaivawerie thay assume a shape seriously dik jwagreeable to a my sop of ie peotten partiou- larly inomnvenient to ic. A a subsequent date the batt Herald spoke ag fol lo England can no more afford to abandon Canada to the Uaited Stator than she can afford to hand over the Isle of Wight to France, or the Islo of Thane to the Emperor of all the Russias, With the Canadas she transfers to the United States ber maritime supremacy all the world over. At the least sho okes a —= for that supremacy, having one of the arms that ough! be employed in ite No are So in the Uni Steg bon do the United. Bute Seoome i fr maritions power in or at th capabilities of becoming 60. With no Jone for their fanks or their rear, no further Lhe a ment for a standing army, @mall as that force evo! with no other outlet for their vaulting ambition, the oa: attention and the national resources willbe ex- clusively devoted to the creation of a great military mas rine; the fleets of America will soon vie with those Roeland in nusbers, siropaih and eificloncy, The Vane a aap Peer mmaceds Revo tang world Baglent wetaie hevete saikEtiD the Londow Timer, in an i} tempered article, “Tf they (the le of land) think the; suns Cte Tat aoa, hn ihey But in surrenderi care not to surrender one jot of sea or land of which really and effectively concerns the maritime nd commercial importance of Great Britain. They will not cede Nova Scotia, They will not cede Cape Breton. 7 ee nak ones tat seioand end See ogee command Lawrence protect tr oud take ae faprion Nyt = vie cet, responsibilities and expense GANADA AN ARM OF STRENGTH AGAINST THE RE- PUBLIO. If anything were needed to convince us that the as- sumed indifference of England as to the retention of her Canadian province is a pretence and a sham, of a piece with the proverbial oor icity of that scheming and wily Power, it is furn! by hercourse during our re- cont aoe om yore ees, aes on, poreenmnens, was r vant er possessions on peed conti sank a, throw sixteen thousand well net , a8 nnelans Of AB Srmar, Ubon our reer tank” Her public men began to talk about disputed ter- ritory and the injustice of the Maine boundary, andeven to hint at the recognition of the rebel government. The truth is, England has always used, and desires to continue to use, as an arm of strength against the United States, ‘England is weakened by holding Canada, for her sot! can be invaded through her colonies, Say some. But what cares England for an invasion that only costs her the lives of an army of her colonists, whom she regards as sturdy and of a garrison or two of her pald troops, 80 I as her enemy is ex- pecine his energies upon these victims, and by 80 much ning his efficiency against her upon the seas and in other directions? Can any one of sense suppose that the United States, with all her back doors closed, with her rear and flanks entirely secure from danger, with the hi as tt were, the Noi le, her foe in her front, would be a weaker enemy than she is now, with the St. Lawrence ready to admit a hostile fleet to hor inland waters? WHAT ENGLAND DID DESIGN, What England did design was, as we have said, to build up a power on our north during the excitement of our war, which at its cloge should be ready to act !n alliance with a slave confederacy and a French empire on the south, and to cripple if not to crush the power of the Northern republic. For, as is well known, the Euro- pean Powers believed that the war was to last for some years longer, and to end in the establishment of South- ern independence. There are some who believe that a partition of the North was already planned—England to take the New England States, New York, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota; the Southern confederacy to take the rest, and Franee to be secured in the possession of the whole of Mexico, with probably the addition of Arizona and a slice of Texas, WHAT ENGLAND DOES DESIGN. But these family arrangements being knocked in tho head by the collapse of the rebellion and the triumph of the (peer of the Union, and the great republic coming out of the conflict with her nerves braced, her sinews strong, her bayonets sharp and her powdor dry, ready to punish her enemies and to push onward to her final destiny—the programme ts changed. There may be no hope now of portioning our States, but there is at work # Machiavellian policy, against which it is prudent and incumbent upon us to be prepared. England, our enemy, although not so bold a one in our triumph as she was in our distress, now designs, under the pretence of legitimately aiding her colonies, to put herseif in a position to act at any time offensively, with ace as her ally, against the government of the United es. AN ALLIANCE BETWHEN FRANCB AND ENGLAND AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. Let thoso who scoff at the idea of a secret alliance be- tween France and England against the American republic remember the union and sympathy that existed between those Powers in all their acts during our rebellion, It them recall the consultation between France and England at the sudden termination of the war, before any step towards recognizing its close would be taken by either Power. Let them reflect upon the can do give w would take 1¢ possession coincidence of the movement of Fraace in Mexico and the movement of England in Canada, towards the founda- tion there of a ‘new nation,”” Let them look at the re- cent review of the war marine of England and France, and the calculations made in the papers of both nations of the combined power of the two; and then let them glance with us at what England is doing on our borders, and after that continue to scoff if they will. THE FORTIFICATIONS AT POINT LEVI. At Point Levi, at the mt time, a work of defence is bein, rapidly butit by the English ‘government which, if suf to be completed, will render Quebec im- pregnable, and command the ‘St. Lawrence, giving free passage to British gunboats to Montreal, ff not Lake Ontario, Surrounded by a camp of British troops, British engineors (and among them some French engineers) are busily at work strengthening the British n the American continent. The heights of Point Levi, stretching down the St. Lawrence beyond the eity of Quebec, there forming an elbow and turning almost ata right angle, form the South shore of the Pein channel of the St, Lawrence, of which the Island of Orleans forms the north shore. The heights stretch for some distance Up above the city wards Montreal, and in some places equal in altitude the citadel itself, They thus command the south channel, the channel between the Island of Orleans and the north shore, the river above Quebec, the city and harbor of Quebec, the citadel itself, and’ the Plains of Abraham. Thetr military importance can be at once understood. A hostile Power occupying those heights would have the Doasted fortress of Quebec at its mercy. The importance of the position was sppreciated by the French engineers who, in 1769, had built earthworks and mounted guns upon the heights; and by General Wolfe, who at once occupied the heights, thr.w .up works, and from them brought such artill ry as he had to bear upon the city. During our rebeltion the British government caused a survey to be made by a corps of royal engineers, and, in accordance with their report, the work of fortification ‘was commenced and i# now being vigoreusly pushed. The general plan of the Levi defences comprises three large forts, constructed according to the most approved Principles of modern engineering, and armed with guns of heavy calibre; all three to be connected 4 a line of fortifications running along the crest of the heighta, The first and most important of these forts will occupy an extensive plateau of high ground, On one side it will command a bong stretch o! ¢ South Channel, in which there is no bend whatever, thus sweeping the river at fleet. Ou the other side it will 9° nega the slopin, bank of the Island of Orleans, and the Beauport shore farther down than the mouth of the Montmorenci, On the north side it will overlook a greater portion of the harbor, and on the south it will sweep far and wide an immense tract of low ground immediately in the rear of Levi. This fort is to be first completed, and will Cover a large extent of ground, The second fort will occupy the summit of thg hoights, almost immediately opposite the citadel bf Quebec, which It equals in altitude, and will command the F of Abraham, the river and the harbor. The third im ‘tant work will be on the high ground in rear of Had- low Cove, will sweep the river and the opposite shore, and will complete the gommand of the land approach to Levi. The line of covered works connecting with these forts will extend a distance of upwards of two miles. This, then, is one of the strong arms of the ‘new na- tion’ to be built up by a European monarchy on Ameri- can goit ag a sateguard against the spread of republican freedom. Shall wo allow its full muscular power to be developed and used against ourselves, or shall we strike it down at once, or rather seize it and raise it up in the cause of Wberty and humanity? BRITISH GUNBOATS BUILDING ON AMERICAN WATERS. The height of British insolence may well be con- sidered reached when it is kuown that England is at the ‘nt_ moment employed in building gunboats at Que- , at Kingston, and probably at other points on Ame- rican waters, in preparation fora war with the United States, There is no question of the correctness of this startling assertion, At this very moment, in defiance of ‘Weaty obligations, that subtle and arrogant Power is secretly proparing at our very doors the deadly engines of destruction to be turned against a people about whose “agrrennive policy’ she # forever hypocritically prating. in the Kingston government yard ehipbuilding is ac- tively going on. Not a visitor of any kind is allowed ac- cosa under any pretence to the wee or its vicinity. The workmen are imported from England or from the gov- ernment works at Quebec. The satement is made by citteens thal gunboate are betng Lait by the gyvernment, and that before long a fleet of iro-clads will be ready at any moment to be launched upon the lake, Armaments @tted for gunboats and vessels-of-war have Deen sent to Kingston recently from the imperial stores at Quebec. What need of them there if there are no vessels preparing to receive them ? At Toronto the Naval Company have been promised a gunboat, without armament, for the pretended purposes of drill. At Quebec the same secrecy, the same industry pre- vails ax at Kingston, and the admissions of government employes, recently made, confirm the statement that all the resources of the government are being at the present moment applied to the speedy completion of a largo number of gunboate, of different capacities, for use, if occasion should be given, upon the waters of our rivers and lakes Here, then, is another of the strong arms of the new nation stretching forth from Europe aud ready to take republicanism by the throat, Will our government sleep at its ease, and suffer its citizens along the lakes to be taken at 6 foul @ disadvantage THE HOSTILE WORKS ELSEWHERE. In addition to the forts at Point Levi and the building of gunboats at Quebec, Kingston and other potuts on the Canadian waters, other hostilo works are soon to be frowning at us from the Canadian shores; for the pro vince is pledged to build them, and if sho delays land herself is prepared to undertake them. Montreal is to be immediately fortided by the construction of an imtrenched position, covering the approach from the Canada, The number and rs the soveral points at which they sreia'tat tanle ate te De dednitely decided upon by the Admiral, THE PRESENT PEFENSIVE POSITION OF CANADA. But as “the best laid schemes of mice an’ men gang aft aglee,”’ and as our government may at any moment determine to nip this pleasant programme of Old Eng- land's American policy tn the bud, by means of the Mon- roe doctrine and General Grant, it is well to inquire what is the present defensive condition of England in the province, and would the change of allegiance, by “gentle, though firm,” coercion, be diMe.lt of accom- plishment or attended by any material sacrifice? To that end we will first consider THB MILITARY FOROB OF CANADA. The garrison towns in Canada are London, Hamilton, Toronto, Kingston, Montreal and Quebec, and the iroops of the regular British army now in the province are sia- tioned as follows ;— At London—One wing of the Sixteenth British infantry, between four and five hundred strong, under command of Major Ross; one regimental field Levy Bix twelve- pounder Armstrong guns, one hundred minety-four men, ninety horses, At Hamilton—Five companies of the Sixteenth British men, under command of infantry, four to five hun Col. Peacock. No guns. At Toronto—Forty-seventh British infantry, nine hun- dred men, Colonel Lowry commanding. Batteries D and G, Fourth brigade British regulars; each battery one hunted : wow Ay six eeaivepieanias Arm- ng gue, ninety-five andabout twenty 8} Colone! Mountain. in ‘command; Colonel Hoste come manding espe D, and Major Penn Battery G. Squad of forty men of the Tenth brigade of heavy artillery, British, in charge of siege guns at the fort. Full com- missary and purvoyor's staf, At Kingston—Two field batteries, ten guns each, Arm- strongs, two hundred and twenty-tive men each battery. Squad of Tenth British heavy artillery, two hundred men, to work the guns in the forts. At Montreal—Sixtieth British foot frites , Fourth bat- talion, one thousand mep; Twonty-fifth British infan- try, or “King’s Own Borderors,”” nine hundred strong; Thirtieth British light tufantry, nine bu strong, un- der command of Colone) Packenham; two batteries of field artillery, each hattery six gune, ‘Armstrong twelv pounders, two buadred and fifty men, avuut ena hui dred horses. At Quebec—Seventh British Fusileor oes ht hundred to nine bundred men; First battalion British Rifle brigade, nine hundred strong; Tenth brigade Royal artillory, three hundred strong; Fourth battalion Ritle brigade, nine hundred men, at Potut Levi; two fleld bat- teries, six guns each, twelve-pounder Armatrongs. The force of the regular British army in Canada is therefore abeut nine thousand elght hundred men, and Bine field batteries, numbering sixty-two guns. Tho volunteer force in Upper Canada consists of the following:—Eighteen cavalry companies, seven naval companies, one hundred and nineteen infantry compa- nies, eighty-two rifle companies, two engineer compa- pies, sieht, companies of garrison artillery and six field jes. The volunteer foree in Lower Canada is:—Fifty-two rifle companies, sixty-nine infantry companies, two en- gineer companies, nine cavalry companies, twelve com- panies of garrison artillery ‘and two teld batterios. In garrison towns the volunteer force is as follows:— In Quebec—Quebec squadron (cavalry), two troops, two hundred and fifty men; Quebec field battery, three six-pounders and one twelve-pounder guns, one bun- dred and twenty-five men; visiol battalion of garrison artillery, four batteries; Eighth battalion estadaconp, Rifles,”’ four companies, four hundred men; Civil Service rifle corps, one hundred and twenty men; Ninth battalion, ‘Voltigeure de Quebec,” six companies, about five hundred men. At Point Levi—Seventeenth battalion of infantry, five companies, about four hundred men. Ip Montreal—The Montreal squadron (cavalry), two troops, about two hundred and fifty men; “The Royal Guides, or Governor General’s Body Guard,” about fifty men; Montreal Field battery, three six-pounders and one twelve-pounder guns, one hundred and twenty-five men; battery of garrison artillery, two engineer com- panies, abou! sixty men; Montreal light infantry, six companies, about five hundred men; Fifth battalion, “The I. yal Light Infantry,” seven companies, six hun- dred men; Sixth battalion’ “Hochelaga Light Infantry,” six companies, about five hundred men; First battalion “Prince of Wales Rifles,”” nine companies, seven hundred men; Third battalion “Victoria Volunteer Rifles,” six companies, about four hundred men; Fourth battery Chasseurs Canadiens, ten companics, about seven hun- dred men; City Police rifle companies, two companies, one hundred and sixty men. In Kingston—First Frontenac troop (cavalry), one hun- dred and twenty men; Kingston ficid battery, two nine Pounders and one twenty-four pounder guns, one hun- dred men; Kingston Naval company, one hundred men; Fourteenth battalion rifles, seven companies, about four hundred men. Tn Toronto—First York troop (cavalry), about eighty men; Toronto Ficid battery, three six-pounders and one twelve pounder guns, one hundred and twenty-five men- Toronto Naval brigade, one hundred strong, having charge of four siege guns, thirty-two Perciny rd and a fleet of five boats; Tenth battalion of infantry, ‘Royal regi- ment of Toronto Volunteers,” eight companies, eight hundred men; Second battahon “The jeen’s Own Tifles,”’ ten companies, cight hundred men. In Hamilton—Firet Wentworth troop (cavalry), eighty men; Hamihon field battery, three six-pounder and one twelve pounder guns, one hundred twenty-five men; welfy battalion of infantry, eight companies, about five undred meu. In London—London troop (cavalry), about eighty strong; London field battery, two nine-pounders and one twenty-four-pounder guns, ‘one hundred men; London battery, forty men; London port Mt companies, one hundred and seventy-five men; London rifles, two companies, two hundred men. The whole volunteer strength In the prov in the Report of the state of the Militia for 1864, is sot down at twenty-five thousand men. The service militia is distinct from the volunteer militia, It comprises all the male inhabitants of the province of the age of eighteen years and upwards, and under not exem or disquall: fled divided into three classes, called respectively first class service mon, sec- ond class men, and reserve men. The firet class service men are those of eighteen years of age and upwards, but under forty-five years who are unmarried men, or widowers without children; the second class service ‘men are those between the same ages who are married men, or widowers with children, and the reserve men are thoge between the ages of forty-five and sixty, The whole strength of the service militia, under this law, as returned on the rolls of 1864, is as follows:—In Upper Canada, 270,128 being of the first class, 85,081 ; 1 64,489. In Lower ¢ 65,074—being of the first clase, 43,746; of the second, class, 77,627, and of the re- serve men, 33,70, This gives the entire militia strength of thy whys Provinee—first class_men, 128,827; second clasé then, 208,160; reserve mon, 88,190. Total,'425,107. Tiiis enrolment éncludes the Vohuileer militia, although they are exerapted from attending muster, and from actual service at any time treet in case of war, invasion or insurrection, while they are on the rolls of any corps or battalion and serving therein, It algo includes ‘the maimed, the sick, the balt and the blind;” for all ex- emptions, by reason of infirmities or any other cause, are to be made after a draft may have taken place. So that this enrolment ehows the very extreme nutmber of men of all classes within the ages subject to do military duty, supposing none wero exempt or disabled; while, in fact, the number capable of performing military ser- vice in the province would not probably reach much more than half these figures. ‘THE VRESENT AKMAMENT OF CANADA. The arms and accoutrements at the disposal of the provincial government, furnished by the Imperial au. thorities for the uge.of the militia and voluntecrs of the province, up to May 25, 1864, legisiative inquiry, stated to be:—Short Enflolds, 993; long Enficids, 19,238; sete of accoutrements, 20, it is estimated that there have since been issued from the imperial stores 3,500 Enflelds, making the whole number in the hands of the militia about 23,700. Thero are, in Addition, about 10,000 stand of arms, of different denomt- nations, in possession of the militia,’ not belonging to the imperial government, There are at the present time at Quebec, in the Citadel Armory, 80,000 stand of arms, 16,000 sabres and 18,000 revolvers. ‘This does not include the flint locks and other inefficient arms, of which ther are large numbers in store. The rifles are Enfields, Seafaring and Whitworths, The Enflelds are sighted for 900 yards, the Seafaring for 1,200 and the Whitworth for 1,500. There are estimated to be abeut 50,000 more be- longing to the imperial government stored at other points, making in all in the province between 160,000 and 170,000 stand of good and efficient arms, There are a large number of heavy guns in Quebec, and 8 good supply of sioge guns at Kingston, Toronto, Mon- treal and other points; but many. of them are old fash- foned pieces unfit for’ service. There are at Quebec and Kingston some new and effective guns, recontly imported from England, and a large number of mortars The government steamer Himalaya, which left Quebec Jast month with troops on their return home, is to bring ‘back a heavy armament of guns and rifles. Among thom are to be several complete armaments for gunboats, of different capacities, It is to be her last trip this season, THE PRESENT FORTIFICATIONS—-RINGSTON. There are at present no fortifications of any kind in Canada capable of making a stand against modern artil- jg the only fortified points are Kingston and nebec, " Kingston commands the entrance to the Rideau canal, As you approach the town by lake from the west, at the point where the neck of the lake narrows, is g martello tower which would offer but feeble resistance to a modern messenger of war. Rounding the point and entering the bay, the broad opening of the canal is seen, running north, The Market Battery—a stone work on the main shore—is on the west side of the mouth of the canal, and a martello tower stands in the water a few feet from the shore on the same side, On the east side of the en- the longest range and barring its passage to a hostile po bye oy lore Boe uae of the reserve men, were, in reply to @ trance, upon 8 point of land running out between the mouth of the canal and ‘Dead Man's Bay,” is another martelio tows 4 @ fort, part earth and part stone work, called Fort ick.’ Bo yond this, on another point of land forming the east side of Dead Man's Bay, stands Fort Henry, and at its side mouth, a (ele du pont at Victoria bridge to cover the ap- “proaches, a pertmanont fort at St. Johns, onthe line of the Richeliew, and at other points, including St, Helen's Island and au Noix. At Kingston forte are to be erected on the several islands where such worke would de available, avd the approaches to the town are to be guarded b works to prevent the enemy landi above or Ndkow tho olty, The heights along the can Commanding the railrosd approach, are to be supplied with di such w ‘aa her situation will rondor available, Other TB an tn are algo to receive their bhare her ay in these works England Sp pon ht build wou! Siuseee ramet bid in ad fort ADMIRAL BOPR’P MISSION TO BEAMINE THB LARRE | fn he " Axp NBOATS. ‘The t miaaion ra tral Hope to the St, Law. re the lakes was pT 3, proposed and the SS pecs oe thee a ‘inast Commander of the ia Ottawa ie to bo strongly defended by | Sut in another martello A fifth martetio tower stands on a small island, yet further east of Fort Henry. These are the defences of the harbor. The principal work, Fort Henry, is of stone. Its main front faces the lana oaoh, and the report is that the engineer 10 built it by mi @ turned It wrong sido foremost, din his vexation at the blunder committed eulctd Cortain it is that it was ontingly unavailable for defence from @ water attack until ‘addition was built which now forms the tof the fort, This front runs t mounts twolve guns on barbette, The iand “Tron motny twenty gins en barberte, The tm the sides ofthe addition that faces Kposed directly to shot and shell or Fi the lako approaches. This wo ‘most arrangement, the more 80 athe of thi ig bot such as to with: ory. I} tk of any pretension Would Ao mute be A fgg apenn ilo towers which itis ie a nnrely Sib foug enough te afford It e Market ry is scarce! suf. a wh reok Fenc one of the defences of DRPANOES OF QUEBEC. At the present mormout the much younted fortress of Quebec stands entirely at the mercy of an enemy. rock upon which the city is built, the wall by whieh « Portion of itis surrounded, the citadel top, and guns pouting their black lips at you from bun- dreds of embrasures, might give to Visitor am uncom! fortable idea of the terrific of the place. But when you know that old wall ig ly to crumble down—that earn and rock under the citadel gives wa i rom the concussion of the guns if fired for practice from the batteries—thatthe threatening mouths of thé us are choked up by houses, built Outside and erowded to the walls—the lilusion vanishes, and the ness of the lumbering, rickety mass of stone is at Once appreciated. ‘or an attacking army to occapy Point Levi and the Plains of Abraham, in res le force, would be to conipel the surrender of the city. rahe citadel te of course, the gain defence of the stone projections wou speedily destro; modern artillery from the other side of the river, io ie guns silenced, “On the side most open to close attack— from the Plains of Abraham—it has scarcely any de- fence; but along that side of the wy exe eee four martello towers, at intervals. Both from the river and from the plains the garrison would be without defence from vertical tire or shell, and would be exposed to de- siruetion, Th entirely insufficient character of the i works is appreciated by the British enginee: and hence the speed with which the fortifieations on tho Opposite heights are being pushed to completion, m the ciiadel to the summit of the Point Levi heights is @ distance of one and @ half nautical miles. From the citadel to the heights on the Island of. Orlean# isa distance of three and a half to four milea Wolfe's cove, where General Wolfe effected a landin; ascended to the Plains of Abraham, south of the citadel, is distant from the citadel about one and a half miles. iby Isle a emg rinse gradually from sloping tome | the centre ridge, which is from th ndred fifty to four hundred feet above the rivers m THR WHOLE PROVINOE OPEN TO ATTACK, From these facts it will be understood that the whole Province of Canada stands open to attack, and that new might be accomplished without any material difficulty or what may in a short time cost us the lives of of thousands of our citizens; and the labor and expense of a prolonged war. It is probable that England, ex, {1 hor troashseonng policy, and feoling that the jeople of the province were in 1aV% s¢ 9 separation, might make a virtue of necessity, and atone [01 te cede by Zisidiog ponseaaion without resort to arms. UL ot a) should be unwise Cone to throw herself in the way "ot the republic she would speedily bs made to repent her folly. THE PLAN OF MILDLY COERCIVE ANNEXATION. As Genera) Grant has recently been in Canada and has doubtless formed bis own ideas as to the most advisable method of conducting a friendly cam) to relieve the necessities of the suffering people of the provinces and afford them neighborly aid in the accomplishment of their desire for annexation, it’ may seem presumptuous to suggest any plan of proceedings; but a few points oc- cur to us, suggested by a recent opportunity to ascertain the sentiments of our friends across the border, which it may be well to note. ‘e start with the proposition, undeniably true, that a large proportion of the xecele of Canada are favorable openly to annexation; that many others are passlyel: willing to accept it as the surest way out of their present difficulties, and that scarcely any are willing to fight to keep its blessings away. The following letter, written by a prominent citizen of Western Canada, will show that THE MILITIA WILL NOT FIGHT AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. “IT should not wish to be 4 that our militia is disloyal or cowardly, and, indeed, such Is not the fact. But I do state it as my belief that in case of a war with the States the militia of Western Canada at least would be very unwil- ling to fight, The reason is, in the first place, that our young men and business men would form the bulk of the force, and they are nine-tenths of them at heart favor- able to our annexation to the States. The young men of Canada West have mixed a great deal with’ your people, ani they like the spirit and enterprise of the Yankees, while they have none of the prejudices that distinguish the genuine John Bull. The business mem are aware that ‘the country can never be prosperous until they have es- tablished @ lasting and intimate commercial connection with the States, and they see no other means of accom- plishing this except by annexation. They all know that you could let loose upon usa force sufficient to overrun the whole territory from Lake Huron to the Ottawa, and that resistance would be hopeless, Is it any wonder, then, that they would be unwilling to fight? No; as you have asked me for the truth, however galling it may bo to what we call national pride, I must admit my belief that the Western militia, if cul off im detachments, as they doubtless would Le by the invading army, would te only too willing to lay down their arms withou' siriking @ blow, and to Lone @ parole ‘for the war.’ By that means alone conid tl ey hope to save Upper Canada from the extrome horrors of war, and I am quite convinced that they would never consent to be taken from their homes to defend some distant strategic points,” If, then, the approach was made at well selected points more | the main road from the west, simultanc- ously, the fighting a woul@ gladly avail them- selves of the opportunity to lay down their indeed, they ever took them up—and to accept a parole for the war. Such a course could be accompanied by an understanding that where no resistance was made the people should be left entirely unmolested in their per- fons and their ag ngs The occupation of Paris and Guelph would cutoff the whole peuinsula running between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, and on the entrance of a force from Michigan tho citizens would uo doubt yicld gracefully and Eyl conduct themselves a8 good citizens of the Unit At Hamilton and Toronto no force would be found to stand against ten or fiftecn thousand voterans, and the g004 people of those cities would doubtless receive their Visitors, the war scarred heroes of the Wilderness, with fitting honors. Should Kingston prove contumacious, landings at Belleville on one side, and Brockville om tho other, could submit her speedily to the inevitable piece or bb some Karma from the Leng le t be prepared to pay their respects to A front. From Rouse’s Point Montreal could be visited conveniently by a# many of our boys as her citizens would care about entertaining, and, as there would be no possible meane of —_- them out, fe would no doubt be hospitably received in that tnter py city. If well treated they would respect the bridge the " lic buildings, and that they would be well received in a commercial city whose most carneet yearnings are for annexation there cannot be a doubt. As Quebec is the residence of the Governor General and the seat of government, it would be eminently proper that General Grant himself should head the part destined for that quaint and imteresting old city. It might be that Britieh influence and British might render bis reception less cordial than that which his comrades would.experience tn the West; but General Grant is firm in his hold, and a few of our now unem- ployed iron-clads steaming up the St. Lawrence, and making thelr appearance in the South Channel, would prove valuable auxiliaries, and doubtless secure him, om this visit, an audience with tbe representative of the British throne, Ky ov Nana march of an army of a hundred thourand men to Quebec could be easily and rapidly performed, and the force would reach the heights of int Levi without encountering obstruction. And Montreal, which could not fail to fall at once without material retistance,, would open the St, Lawrence highway to the more north- ern city, COULD ENGLAND HOLD HER COLONIES? ‘We have already expressed the conviction that England will never give up her provinces without a struggle. She would not willingly yield the military pomtion which the Canadas afford her to hold acheck upon the only Power she fears, and the only one she believes capable of wresting from ber both her military and commercial supremacy. She would not set to her other dependencies so injurious a precedent as the eurrender of her gre colonies, She would not voluntarily give up Quebec. Its defences have cost her over ten milli of dollars, and to haul down her proud flag from tw citadel would be to lower ite renown and abate its prestige wherever it flies. But could she hold possession of Canada if she would ? A call to arms to avenge the insulte and the injuries we have suffered from England; to punish her t during our troubles, her secret and threatening policy since they were ended, would be ‘ap ou! pouring of the American veterans of war which would suffice to st the province from Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence Gulf. Our gunboats would bein the St, Lawrence beforu pa a could strip a vessel for action, and at present, at least, she has nothing here to meet them. Her little garrison in Canada would be wiped out of existence, and the passage of fresh troops into the province would he barred. The Grand Trunk Railroad, running along the shore, would be instantly destroyed ab as many peints as . The military roads would be in our jon, We should hold almost without re- sistance all the main pointe in the province—Niagara, Lon- don, Montreal. Quebec would be in ous Hands, and with the accustomed promptness of Al sol- diers oarthworke would spring up in a night upon Peint Levi, and our hold of the key to the pfovinge ‘would be confirmed. In the meantime the whole border would alread attack and undefended.” The Grand Trunk would be destroyed, if necessary, along the entire and the St. Lawrence canals would share the same But we should not now forget the momorable remark of Webster, that ‘‘when an American woodsman undertakes: to fell 'a treo he does not begin by lopping of branches, but strikes hig axe at once into the trunk.” And when England s troops reached this side of the At- lantic they would find Quebec Jn pooner 08 the Amori- can army, the railroad as far as Riviere du Loup & wreck, ‘and the military roads to Canada rendered impassable, That we could do all _ a ee, ort a ship of # man to the scene of operations on: Fiepute, Ke is no idle threat, but @ logical deduction from our known military strength and \ Where, then, would be the use of on her part? And yet she Eevee would ioe PZ re. sistance might add to her other loasee the loss of ber maritime provinces and of every foothold on this side of the Atiantic, We have eet forth in this sterling fucte, Wa gland js t6 bud up a < » have shown that the policy of new nation on the American continent—a powerful mihi tary capeneoat, of Great Britain—to be used ip i ity to the United States whenever the avail e1 arrives. Woe have shown that the sufferi People Canada really desire @ political connection with the United States, to save from ruin and gtarvation? that a consolidation of the European reces an the Ameri+ jue for the ppd of publican taattetiogs and by coustdorations yublican imetitut Wy Con! We have shown that Hofiand, 10 violation of ing treaties, is imine far ae ot war, ae td in the re Mel of our citizens, ae can mpl caw, t pacrifice, ‘what in LB py will — 0 heed Pa . A the final consolidation of Conan / oe ‘ander one it ie . The fut of biican jpstitutons gersrade The iglesia @¢ Huganity demand hal it come (et nent have run crimson and the fale Canada have been ploughed bw the dannon . ing army ¥