The New York Herald Newspaper, July 18, 1865, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NEW ROWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Lvonsria Bor- @ia—St. Marr's Eva. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Inisu Eaickawt— Hanpr Anvy. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.-Tax Woxpse— Avtony AND CLROPATRA. WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, 514 Broadway.—Etmiort an Soxas, Dances, &0.—Cnaturnax Dancs—Tux Conscnirts. HELLER'S HALL, 586 Broadway.—San Francisco Min- Fr aed Singing, Dancina, &0.—THe Biack RIGADE. HOOLKY’S HALL, 201 Bowery.—Sam Suareuav's Mix- sreuis—P aucon Concent—CaRnivat or Fow—Bone Squasu. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowe: SrRELs 1 Sonos, Danons, &c.— .——-Georce Curisty's Mix- ouBLE Beppep Room. STADT THEATRE, 45 and 47 Bowery.—Tus Faxin or Visuxu's Mauica Somnus aND Girt) Ewremraannts. NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broadway.— Open from id A. M. ull 10 P. M. New York, Tuesday, July 18, 1865. ADVERTISEMENTS FOR THE COUNTRY, Advertisements for the Wrexry Herat must be handed in before ton o’clo _k every Wednesday evening. Its cir- culation among the enterprising mechanics, farmers, merchants, manufacturers and gentlemen throughout the country ‘s increasing very rapidly. Advertisements in- serted in the Wrexry Hanaup will thus be seen by a large portion of the active and energetic people of the United * States. ——— THE SITUATION. In the Hexazp of the 8th inst, the fact was announced that pain had de-ided to deliver to our government the ex-rebel ram Stonewall, now in the harbor of Havana. Since that time the necessary official correspondence on the subject, which is published in this morn- ing’s Henatb, has passed between Sefior Tassara, the Spanish Minister, and Seorctary Seward. Sefior Tassara states that the Captain General of Cuba has received orders from Madrid to deliver the Stonewall to the person whom the United States may commission to receive her, and that the surrender is absolute and unconditional, The Spanish government, at the same time, does not fally concede the right of the govern- ment of this country to demand the Stonewall’s surren- der, but waives that question in the present case out of good friendship for the United States. Mr, Seward, in response, acknowledges the international good will of the act, states that measures will be imme- diatoly taken for receiving the Stonewall, and informs Mr. Tassara that this government will reimburse Spain for expenses ecessarily incurred by the Captain Gen- eral of Cuba in becoming possessed of the vessel. We publish this morning the farewell order of General Dix on retiring from the command of the Department of the East, and General Hooker's order on assuming com- This department, the headquarters of which are in this city, embraces New York, New Jersey and the New England States, Late Texas news states that General Mejia, Maximiilian’s commander at Matamoros, has finally delivered to the United States military authorities the artillery and other propirty which the rebels, after Kirby Smith's capitula- tion, sold to the Bfexican iimperialists, and which, by the terms of surrender, they should have given up to the United States officers. The Central Texas Railroad is being rapidly pushed towards completion, for the pur- pose of facilitating the movements of the two divisions of Sheridan’s cavalry, under Merfit and Custer, now marching through the State. Stringent regulations have also been made to prevent straggling among the troops, and no negroes are permitted to leave the plantations for the purpose of following the column. Several regiments of Genoral Hancock’s veteran Firat corps having been ordered to detached service in different States, the General has addressed the departing troops in @ general order, reminding them that, as they belong to mand thereof. 8 choice organization, and arc men who have done honor to the republic on every battle fleld of the war, it is expected that cach member will fecl an honest pride in his corps, and will so conduct himself as to redect credit upon it. G. W. Gayle, the man who once offered a reward of a million dollars in a Southern paper for the murder of Prosident Lincoln, Vice Prosideut Johnson and Secretary Soward, arrived at Hilton Head, 8. C., from Washington, on the 12th inst., under guard, and thence was sent to Fort Pulaski. R. M. T. Huater, of Virginia, who is also now contined tm that stronghold, has applied to Presi- dent Johnson for pardon. Attorney General Bowden, of Virginia, in response to acommunication of inquiry from Governor Pierpoint, has given his official opinion that under the presont con- atitntion of that State persons who held office under the rebel government, either State or “national,” are not now eligible to any oilice in the Commonwealth. Those who may have held merely county ofMfces under rebel rule, it is decided, are not subject to this inoligibility. The Seventy-ninth and Ninety-fifth New York, the Second Massachusetts, the Thirty Rest Maine and the Fourth regular regiments of infantry arrived in this city yosterday. pected, but there is little doubt that it will be here to-day. The Ir«h Legion did not arrive, as was ex- UEOPEAN NEWS. By the arrival yesterday at this port of the steamships Pennsylvania and City of Washington, from Queenstown onthe 6th and 6th iust. respectively, and off Father foint of the steamship North American, from London- erry on the 7th, European intelligence two days later is received. ‘The Lord Chancellor of England in person announced his resignation in the Honse of Lords on the 5th inst., and Lord Cranworth had been chosen for tho vacated Position. Pariiament was dissolved on the 6th inst. by royal commiss on, The Queen's speech expressed rejoicing at ‘the termination of our troubles, hope that general pros- Perity would soon be restored, and regret that Canadian confederation had not been carried out. Both in London and Paris the Fourth of July had been colebrated by American residents with marked enthu- eiasm. Our Paris correspondent calls Mr. Seward’s attention & the fact that the rebel pirate Rappahannock, #0 long jemined in the port of Calais, had been sold to an Eng- Jish company. \, In the London money market on the 7th inst. United tates five-twenties wore at 71}, a 72. British consols ‘were at 9036.0 90%. ! MISCELLANEOUS NEWs, ‘There arrived at this port yesterday eleven ocean mor- chant steamships, as follows:—The Pennsylvania and City of Washington, from Liverpool on the 4th and Sth inst. feapectivgly; the Havana, from Havana on the 12th; the William Kennedy, from Now Orleans on the 9th; the Chase, from Savannah on the 14th; the Charles Bonton, from Newbern, N.C., on the 15th; the Creole, from ichmond and Norfolk, Va. ; the General Sherman, from jorfolk; the B.C. Knight, from Washington; the Mon. tana, from Bath, Me., and the Franconia, from Portiand, Me. ) By the steamship Havana, from Havana, we have ad- ‘vices one or two days later from the City of Mexico; but Phere is little of consequence in them. Maximilian, pocompanicd by the Empress, had retured to the capital from his tour through the country, aud was recei\ od by ‘he populace with extraordinary demonatrations. The Havana Diarvo de la Marina contradicts the report that the rebel Captain Page, late commander of the ram Stone- wall, has offered his services to Maximilian, and says that he left Havana for Glasgow, in the early part of June, in command of the Anglo-rebel ex-blockade runner the merchant service. A severe drought prevails at Sague Lagrande, Cuba, which has almost ruined the corn crops and threatens the sugar cane. The Spanish evacuation of the Dominican republic is still not completed, but continues to drag its slow length along. There yet remain about three thousand Spanish troops in the country, News from the republic of Hayti to the 28th of June, three days later than that previously received, states that the revolutiontsts still held the town of Cape Hay- tien, towards the recapture of which the government forces were making slow progress. The remainder of the country was tranquil and loyal to President Geffrard. Additional particulars regarding the hostile operations of Paraguay, on the one side, against Brazil, the Argen- tine Confederation and Uruguay, on the other, are fur- nished us by our Buenos Ayres correspondent, under date of May 21. No engagement had yet taken place; but one could not much longer be delayed, as Paraguay was still pushing forward her two strong columns of troops into the territories of Brazil and the Confedera- tion respectively, and had also a powerful fleet ready for action. The news of the triumph of the Union cause in this country caused much and sincere rejoicing in Buenos Ayres, among the natives as well as among our own people. The Buenos Ayrean national holiday, the 25th of May, corresponding to our Fourth of July, was celebrated this year, as heretofore, with grand military, civic and pyrotechnic demonstrations.) Advices. from Halifax, N. 8., and from Liverpool cast further light upon the disaster which occurred tothe ship William Nelson, from Antwerp on June 4 for New York, with German emigrants, burned off the banks of Newfoundland on June 28. The fire arose from some pitch boiling over while the vessel was being fumigated. The Captain, officers and cabin passengers took to the boats, leaving the four hundred steerage passengers to thelr fate. The bark Meteor, of St. John, picked up forty cabin passengers, many of them badly burned, and the steamship Lafayette has arrived at the French harbor of Brest with forty-five persons more, picked up from three boats, Three hundred and ninety- five souls have still to be accounted for, and it is feared that they have miserably perished. The heavy rain of Sunday night caused severe fresh- ests in different parts of the country. The Raritan river, in New Jersey, was so much swollen that yesterday sevoral villages along the line of the New Jersey Central Railroad were almost entirely submerged, and property to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars, at least, destroyed. Many bridges were washed away, and a freight train on the New Jersey Central Railroad was smashed by the breaking of one of them. We have heard of no loss of life by the flood. In Pennsylvania the Schuylkill river overflowed its banks in numerous places, seriously damaging the railroads and the Schuylkill Canal, putting a temporary stop to trade and travel, and sweeping away bridges and houses and inundating the streets of towns. The Board of Councilmen met yesterday, and trans- acted a large amount of routine business. A resolution was adopted directing the Corporation Counsel to report to the Board the judgments obtained against the city from the 1st of January, 1864, to the present time, giving the names of the plaintiffs, and specifying the judgments that were obtained by default. ‘The procession of German singers did not take place yesterday, as was intended, but was postponed till to- morrow (Wednesday). During the day there was a re- hearsal for the ovening’s performance, At night, atthe Academy of Music, took place the monster concert, par- ticipated in by two thousand vocal and one hundred in- strumental performers. Madame Jumel, widow of Aaron Barr, died on Sunday last, at Washington Heights, in this city, aged over ninety years, The investigation of the case of the United Service Petroleum and Mining Company, in which charges of fraud are made by George D. Kellogg, one of the officers, against Colonel Mann avd Danicl D, Stratton, Jr., two other offielals of the concern, was resumed yesterday before Justice Dodge, ‘at. the Jefferson Market Police Court. The greater part of the day was taken up in hear- ing the testimony of Mr, Kellogg, which was occasionally diversified by some sharp skirmishing between the op- posing counsel. The examination was farther postponed till next Friday morning. The following commitments were mado yest rday:— Patrick Sullivan, charged with recklessly discharging into the street, from a windew on the corner of Seventh avenue and Fifty-fourth street, a loaded pistol, portions of the contents of which struck a Miss Gilfoil and her brother, a young lad, inflicting serious injuries; Ellen Richards, keeper of an alleged disreputable house at No, 8 Mulberry street, and Ann Murray, one of her boarders, on charge of stealing in said place one hundred and forty dollars from James Brown, a returned soldier; Frederick Grossmaker, keeper of a lodging house at 148 Leonard street, and one of his patrons, named Edward Hampson, on complaist of robbing, while in said establishment, John Lochrane, of 105 Seventh avenue, and Jonny White, an inmate of the alleged disreputable house 145 Greenwich street, charged with stealing two hundred dollars from Benjamin Ricker, of Bangor, Me., while he was in her company. There were six hundred and sixty deaths in this city during the past week, being an increase of one hundred and six on the mortality of the previous week, and fifty on that of the corresponding week last year. Of the total number only two hundred and six were adults, Tho principal diseases were thoso of the bowels, there being from these causes two handred and fourteen deaths, of which one hundred and forty-cight were from cholera infantum. ‘The stock market was dull and lower yesterday. Gov- ernments were heavy, Gold was steady, and closed on the strect at 1427, and at night at 14234. A mecting of the striking cartmen and street sweepers was hold yesterday afternoon in front of the City Hall, when speeches were made and resolutions adopted indi- cating their course and condeming the action of the street cleaning contractors. Tue Reat Issues Serriep—The radicals de- sire to make a public opinion that will sustain them in keeping up a military occupation of the Southern States. To that end they tell us pretty regularly how bitter the rebel leaders still are, and that they have not in their hearts, even yet, any love or respect for the Union. We never supposed they had, and hardly de- sire that they should have ; and yet we do not consider that any reason why military govern- ment should be kept up in those States one day after it is possible to supersede it by properly organized civil power. We must reconstruct the States to the best of our ability according to the plan projected by President Johnson; that is the prime ne- cessity, and we must leave the rest to the peo- ple. Suppose the rebel leaders are bitter. What then? The war has settled the issue between us, It has shown which interpreta- tion of the constitution has the power and must prevail. It hes killed forever the State rights dogma on which secossion was founded, and so has killed the possibility of secession. The South would never have made the rebel- lion if it had known that the whole country was ready to fight on the other side, and it will not make another. The government has tow always the power to crush armed opposition; but it must not descend to quarrel with the poor spleen and bitter spirit of the dissp- pointed cotton lords, ee Tom Perrotsom Excnaros.—The Grand Jury should investigate very thoroughly the business of the Petroleum Exchange, and see if there is not a great deal of wholesale swindling in it. It should investigate also the newspaper affilia- tions of the same arrangement. Hann Ur ror Marmntat.—Bon Wood is now reciting the ridiculous lies of drunken Marryatt, who was kicked out of the country years ago for his villanies, Ben takes them up @s the outflow of « kindred syizik Ptarmagan, and intends to devote himself hereafter to NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, JULY 18, 1865. when its balconies and windows were thronged with hundreds waiting to see a procession, or even if the fire had ocourred on an ordinary day, st the hour when a theatrical performance was in progress. Every one in the habit of visiting public places can readily see how the inevitable panic would have come, how the weaker ones and the little children would have been crushed and trampled down by the rush of the stronger to get out, and how, in the won- derfully rapid progress of the flames, the walls would finally have fallen on at least one-third of all that had been present. Noone can ques- tion that in the present case the public have but barely escaped from 8 calamity like this. The important question now is, in view of all this, are there any more establishments in the city in which this can occur? Are there any more old tinder boxes which have not origi- nally been built for theatres, but have been fixed up to hold five hundred or a thousand people and to serve as horrible death traps when the occasion comes? Are there any establishments, now in operation as theatres, in which half the persons who sit down may be burned to death in half an hour after they enter, without a chance to get out? Will Fire Marshal Baker, who ought to know all about this, enlighten the public in relation to it? The National Debt and the Jay Cooke- Chase Faction—Danger Ahead. Jay Cooke has proclaimed the beautiful dogma that a national debt is a national bless- ing. He has not only proclaimed it, but by facts and figures he has tried to prove it. He finds backers, too, in support of this magnificent theory. Cooke’s circular, which we print to- day, the T'ribune has published with an accom- panying “first rate notice;” but Cooke is the financial mouthpiece of Chief Justice Chase, and the T'ribune is the organ of both. It advo- cates immediate and universal negro suffrage, hit or miss, and an unlimited increase of our national debt, upon the notion that it is a good thing, and that we can’t have too much of a good thing. The lights of experience and common sense warn us of disaster, if we follow too far either the one Jack-o’-lantern or the other—negro suffrage or a national debt; but what are public disasters to scheming politi- cians ? But what would be the consequences of an indefinite expansion of our national debt, or, in other words, the full development of the Jay Cooke-Chase theory, that the larger our debt the happier and richer we shall be? A few thousand financiers and stock-jobbers would be the ruling aristocracy of the country—imperi- ous, unscrupulous, despotic and powerful; and the masses of the people would be reduced to the condition of serfs, There would be little to choose between the old system of Southern black slavery and the white slavery that would thus be established, North and South. The industrial classes of the country would become, under the financial millennium of Jay Cooke, as impoverished and hopeless in their poverty as the peasantry of the British islands, who know something of the grinding tortures of a great aristocracy and a great national debt. The simple truth is, that a great national debt isa great national curse, and the sooner it is settled the better. It involves a system of taxa- tions, extortions, favoritisms, high prices, com- Dinations and corruptions which can lead the nation only on the road to ruin. The standing army of internal taxgatherers necessary to raise the wind to meet even the interest on our present national debt are more dangerous to our popular institutions than a standing army of soldiers; for the taxgatherer is too apt to be the active agent of scheming politicians, while the soldier, in time of peace, is seldom, at the worst, anything more than adrone in the public hive. The whole machinery necessary to meet the current obligations arising from a great national debt is out of place among this peo- p’e. It is part of the British machinery of government, and the American people chafe under it; for it is something new to them, and they do not like it, We have now the national blessing, as Jay Cooke terms it, of a national debt of three thousand millions of dollars. We ought, per- haps, for this great blessing to express our gladness in a national jubilee. But it is proba- ble that when all the war claims against the government come to be settled we shall have this debt expended to the glorious bulk of four or five thousand millions of dollars. What then? Why then Mr. Chief Justice Chase and his good man Friday, Jay Cooke & Company, will find that they have been like fools playing with edged tools, and damaging the public credit and the public confidence in the solvency of the government at home and abroad. This they are doing now, and if the Secretary of the Treasury desires to keep his paper still approaching to the specie basis he will puta stop to every movement of his agents based upon the idea that a national debt is a national blessing. But if we are mistaken in the notion that Mr. McCulloch is laboring to find out the way to discharge honestly our national debt in the shortest possible time, we should like to know it. We would now admonish him that unless this aforesaid fallacious idea of Jay Cooke shall be officially repudiated, there will soon be ap- parent the danger that something elso, of vital moment to the honor of the country, may be repudiated. Let Messrs. Chase, Cooke & Com- pany go on with their scheme of enlarging the national debt, and of enriching the few, while impoverishing the many, and of establishing great controlling political combination of finan- clers, bond-holders and steck-jobbers, and we shall presently see the spontanecus formation of an opposition party, bohily proclaiming the sharp and severe remedy of We must reduce the national debt; the people must be satisfied that, blessing or no blessing, there will be an end within « generation or #0, or we shall bave # repudiation party in the field without the trouble of hunting up the materials in the Southern States. ‘The war has legitimately sponged out the war debts of the recent so-calle@ Confederate States, singly and collectively. The people concerned bow to the legal conseqnences ot the war. But with the restoration of those States to their seats ‘in Congress how will they stand in regard to the debts incnrred in their “coercion?” Any man can answer this ques tion, But I there not something here rather tempting than otherwise to smbitious outside Politicians, casting 4xbout for a now party or- ganization which Yiay command the balance of power in the Sov'th? Mr. Seoretary McCulloch must look after this man Jay Cooke and his backers. Thy‘ir circular, resting upon the false pretence tat a national debt is a national plossing. }.as already done sqme mischief, but Mr. Seward on Our Relations with Eug- jJand and France. The despatch from the Secretary of State to Sir Frederick Bruce, which we published yes- terday, in reply to the official notification that the government of Great Britain had recog- nized the extinction of the late so-called South- ern confederacy, is a State paper which, at this juncture in our foreign affairs, will be read with unmixed : satisfaction by every citizen of the United States interested in the maintenance of the dignity and honor of the country. Mr. Seward, after informing the British Minis- ter of the President’s gratification in learning that her Majesty’s government had withdrawn the quasi nationality heretofore conceded to vessele-of-war sailing under the rebel fiag, fiatly declares that “Earl Russell’s despatch is accompanied by reservations and ex- planations which are deemed unaccepta- ble by the government of the United States.” This government “does not admit that the original concession of belligerent privileges to the rebels by Great Britain was either necessary or just, or sanctioned by the law of nations.” Upon this important point, therefore, our heavy outstanding accounts against England remain in their adjustments open to future contingencies. It is a further source of regret to Mr. Seward that England still continues in force the twenty-four hours detention rule against our vessels-of-war in cases where the rule may operate to the escape of an insurgent vessel; and, again, he regrets the reservation in favor of insurgent vessels whereby in English waters they may assume and will be protected under any recognized flag they may choose to adopt. But in the one case Mr. Seward gives notice that the twenty- four hours rule as applied to our vessels- of-war in English ports will be applied to her Majesty’s ships in American ports till otherwise ordered; and that in regard to this other matter of allowing rebel war vessels or pirates to be sheltered in, or to de- part from, English ports under a foreign flag, “this government maintains and insists that such vessels are forfeited to, and ought to be delivered to, the United States upon seasonable application in such cases made, and that if cap- tured at sea, under whatsoever flag, by a naval force of the United States, such capture will be lawful.” ‘These are the specific disagreements still ex- isting between the two governments in refer- ence to belligerent rights and British reserva- tions in favor of rebel buccaneers. Practically there is, we believe,now that Spain has de- cided to deliver to our government the ram Stonewall, but one rebel veasel left within reach of these reservations—the Shenandoah—which, when last heard from, was prowling along the coast of Australia, and which has probably been spirited away. From Mr. Seward’s despatch, however, we in- fer that he still regards distrustfully the enlente cordiale between England and France in refer- ence to American affairs. He regrets “that Earl Russell has thought it necessary to inform this government that her Majesty’s government have found it expedient to consult with the gov- ernment of France upon the question whether her Majesty’s government will now recognize the restoration of peace in the United States.” Why regret it? Because from this movement it is broadly hinted that the gov- ernments of England and France must be con- sidered as a standing alliance against the United States. The success of the Union cause in this late gigantic struggle of life or death has given a new impulse to popular rights and popular ‘ideas, from the British islands to the Danube. Against this widespread popular re- action the same danger threatens alike the feudal aristocracy of England and the dynasty of Napoleon. Their common interests thus unite them in @ common cause against us. Their distrust of each other prevented an armed intervention on their part in support of Jeff. Davis. It was the wish of both Louis Na- poleon and Lord Palmerston; but each was fearful of treachery from the other in the ups and downs of a war with this country. The same apprehensions render us reasonably se- cure against any such warlike alliance here- after; but Earl Russell may still threaten us in the name of England and of France, if he can do nothing more. The London Times, in discussing the mighty consequences resulting and likely to result from the suppression of our great Southern rebellion, very gravely says:—“If the French revolution, with all its manifold influences on society, was the indirect consequence of Ameri- can independence, no one can say what changes may hereafter be traced back to the crisis now in course of development.” This means that Europe is in danger of another pop- ular convulsion from another American war resulting in favor of popular rights and popu- lar institutions. In this view we can hardly share in the regrets of Mr. Seward touching Earl Russell’s last consultation of Louis Napo- leon, inasmuch as the masses of the European people, accepting our cause as their own, are only awaiting their opportunity for a flank movement in our support and a fire in the rear of the common enemy—“the divine rights” of kings. Free m Praces or Amvssment—Ovr Narrow Escarz.—There are some lessons in the fire which destroyed Barnum’s Museum that ought not to be lost upon the public. If we make a wise use of these lessons the result will entitle us to declare that the recent conflagration was not @ public disaster. The building was first observed to be on fire at half-past twelve o’clock, and in three hours the whole immense pile was level with the street, This shows the exceedingly rapid pro- gress of the fire. Within twenty or thirty minutes from the first alarm the flames had extended over the greater part of the establish- ment, and burst from the upper windows and through the roof with such energy that to those on the neighboring housetops it seemed a roar- ing volcano. Perbaps the fire marched with greater rapidity in this case than it would once in o hundred times again; but that is by no means certain, Let it be now remembered that in this same house it has been customary to give dramatic performances for a great while, and that to see those performances, as well as drawn thither by other attractions, there were on @ great many days in the year crowded into the various parts of this same house a thousand, fifteen hundred, or perhaps two thousand per- sons—the larger number ‘being women and children, We have no wish to conjure up a distressing picture of what must have taken place if this fire had occurred on one of the occasivus when the Museum, wes crowded with holidpy visiiors: will do much more if not flatly rojected by the government. We can tell the Secretary of the Treasury that some way must be found to pay off the national debt within a reasonable time, or the word which it is now in public opiniona crime to whisper, will be very apt to become the political dividing line between the masses of the laboring poor and the flourishing little circles of our national debt financiers throughout the country. The New Birth of the Republic. The London Times, which is not always a truthful authority upon the affairs of this coun- try, has, for once at least, in its issue of the 5th inst., expressed an opinion about which there can be no dispute. It regards the position of the United States at the present time as much that ot a new nation as it was after the Revolu; tion of '76. It says that:— The subjection of the South is as much a fait accompli asthe Declaration of Independence itself, and a new chapter has thereby been opened in the history of the United Statos. Henceforward other battles, monte and capitulations will take the place of Bunker’s Hill, Sara- ‘orktown. Cornwallis and Burgoyne will be dwarfed by Jackson and Lee, and it will not surprise us if Lincoln occupies a pedestal of equal height with that of Washington. If the importance of occurrences be determined by their scale, the war of independence hardly admits of comparison with that which bas just terminated. The forces collected on either side, the dis- tances traversed, the lista of Killed and wounded, and the ruin wrought in the former are as nothing by the side of the records of the late civil war. The tales of outrage and havoc inflicted by the British troops which have horrified three generations of Americans are already being superseded by more recent and vivid memories, and the heroic age of America will soon be transferred from the eighteenth to the nineteenth cen- wary. This is historically true. The recent triumph over rebellion has been productive of effects which in any other country could not be reached by a war of thirty years, and even then would be but imperfect in its results, leaving to future generations only a basis upon which to construct new revolutions. This has been the history of all the great wars of Eu- rope. The conflicts of the Old World, sanguin- ary and long-lived as many of them were, have been but tardy steps up the ladder of progres- sion towards a definite result. Our late war has attained the reault which we sought in one gigantic step. It has produced a new develop- ment of the constitutional powers of the gov- ernment. It has tested successfully the vigor of national life that is in us. It has settled for- ever the two leading issues from which danger to the perpetuity of democratic government might be expected—the visionary idea of para- mount State rights as opposed to the federal compact, and the existence of slavery as a ne- ceasity to the prosperity, political and actual, of the Union. The Revolution of °76 established the capacity of this people to obtain a national existence; but the war concluded in 1865 has proved sub- stantially their power to perpetuate it. All the resources of the nation were called out in the late struggle, and they never can be repressed, no matter what may come in the future. They cannot be ignored. They will stand forever as evidences of our strength, giving confidence to ourselves and admonition to the rest of the world. Like the sced of corn planted in‘ the ground, the late bloody contest has borne fruits most prolifically—but fruits which never can be compressed into the same apace that the single grain of corn once occupied. The national power exhibited tn this war will obtain a new direction, tending to the devel- opment of resources never dreamed of, or at least never tried before. The Times is right, therefore, in stating that we have become a new nation. It is manifest that we cannot live within the narrow limits of our past. The re- public is revivified. Its history in the coming future will eclipse all that it has realized in the last three-quarters ofa century; and it is well, perhaps, that the eyes of Europe have been opened to this fact. Stonewall, English Merchant Service—T' ish Evacuation of St. Domin, Completed—Drought at 5: Grande, &c., de. Havana, July 14, 1366 The Diario de la Marina, of yesterday, notices tho re- port published in the American papers, and generally be- lieved, that Captain Page, late commander of the ram Stonewall, had offered his services to the Mexican gov- ernment, and takes occasion to deny the statement, giv- ing the information that Captain Page loft Havana about the 10th of June last, in command of the English steamer Ptarmizan, bound to Glasgow, his object being to visit his family and enter the merchant service. It is weil known, however, that several of the officers of the Stonewall did go to Mexico, and that othors have en- gaged in the Spanish navy. The notorious blockade runner known as the-Frances, or Zephinc, has been bought bya company formed in Havana, The name is to be changed to the Cienfuegos, and sho will ply between this and that port. The Diario of St. Jago, of the 2d inst., gives the fol- lowing concerning St. Domingo:—‘‘The steamer Maizi, on her way to this port from St. Thomas, touched at Monte Christo and Puerto Plata, both of which places she reports evacuated and abandoned by the a. At St. Domingo there were about three hundred persons who wished to leave in the steamer, but wanted the means to pay their passage. Many expected to leave in the Pelaigo. There were yet about three thousand sol- diers remaining at St. Domingo. Nothing was yet known concerning the result of the commission sent by the go- vernmont of the republic to treat with the Spaniards.’ At Sagua la Grande the planters are experiencing a heav; ogy ‘The corn crop is lost, and fears are en- tertalned the sugar cane crop will be irreparably damagea for want of rain. Broapwar Taaaree.—This theatre, so late the scene of the popular Owen's triumphs and later famous as witnessing the unrivalled performances of Mr. and Mr. Koan, i still mado excoedingly attractive through the acting of Miss Kate Reignolds, aided by a talented corps. But Miss Reignolds is a host in herself, and the crowds that flock nightly to the Broadway are rapturous in their applause of her skilful and exceedingly pleasing acting. ‘The comedy of the “Wonder; or, 4 Woman Keeps a Secret,’ with the amusing comedietta of ‘ Antony and Cleopatra,’ , is having o successful run. In the latter Miss Reignolds sings a medley of popular airs, in which she is very popular indeed. A visit to the Broad- way to almost.as rich a treat as wien Owens trod the stage there. ‘Watiacn’s Tusarna —Aftor a vory successful aareer in Ireland, Mr. Dan Bryant renewed his acquaintance with | « New York audience ot Wallack’s last night. He has Dut recently returned from a foreign tour, 80. recently, ‘and very vociferous enthusiasm, Mr. Bryamt-cannot com- plain of any falling off in the symptome.in New York, for the house last night wes densely crammed, and onthusiagm was displayed by something like o ingdous shout from the theatre, more oftentimes genial Infact, trom the to ond ir. Bryant was the jient of ovation; and as there ‘are no parts in either of the seclected, for bie first a) of any mark except his own, the intwgeat of audience naturally centred on himself, Im neithor of the characters—the jh tor Handy Andy—do we find these dis- Iris! tinctive traits of the Trish pearant’s naturo which nre so difficult to deliniate/on the indeed, are v seldom represent ‘actors of first class talent in this line; and they are rare enough. , The character of Handy Andy is ss ere carpeatios hye. ed in Lovor's story. Inthe stage ion tt ia a burlesq: and therefére no one expects any fine touches of ture to awaken the Nes ; or, indeed, anything cept absurdities to i e laughter. It would not be just to Mr. Bryant to hed the merit of success in this particular; for an audience more boisterous in their mirth, Wallack’s fever held before until last evening. ‘The engagemonvof Mr. Bryant will of course continue for some ryt, if the management looks to its interests, = inayratation af the agason indicates @ profitable 're- nr VIRGINIA. Our Sichmond Correspondence, Ricamoyp, Va., July 15, 1866; ANOTHER IMPORTANT DECISION YROM ATTORNEY GENERA. BOWDEN. The following papers explain themselves, and I giv. them with the remark that they first find their way inte print through the columns of tho HmRaup:— Ruogmonp, July 13, 1865. Taomas R. Bownen, Eag., Attorney General of Vir Th uestion is frequemtly asked whether persons who beld of ice under netealiod Confederate or any rebellious State to office. Please give me your opinion en & Tam, yourt: ST” PLERPOINT, Governor of Vi rginia. Bacco, Va., July 14, 1866. Hon. F. H. Prerrom, Governor of inia:— ‘Str—Your note of the 13th instant inquiring whether persons who held office under the led Confederate or any rebellious State government age eligible to county offices has been received. Tam of opinion that such persons are not eligible to any constitutional office. @ first section of Article IIL of the constitution provides that ‘No person shall vote or hold office under this constitution who has held office under the so-callee Confederate government or under any rebellious State vernment, or who has been a member of the so-called nfederate Con; or a member of any State Leguwlature in rebellion against the authority of the United States, excepting therefrom county officers.” ‘There are county offices which are offices under this constitution, Under the provision cited, all persons em- braced therein are prohibited from holding constitutional offices. In this prohibition are not included such persons as have heretofore held mere county offices under any re- bellious State government. I regard this as the true in- terpretation of the provision in question. The article ie mann employed in describing the classes of persons who shall not hold office. I have therefore construed the words “excepting therefrom county officers,’’ 80 as to accord with the general intent of the provision, not aa meaning that persons holding office finder the Confederate government, &c., could be elected to county offices, but as meaning that ‘all persons who have been mere county officers may hold any constitutional office, One of two interpretations must be given to the section in question. It was the intention of the framers of the constitution, eithor, first, to limit the eligibility of all the classee mentioned to mere county offices; or, secondly, to ex- clude all the classes mentioned, save county officers, from eligibility to any office, and to confer on mere county officers the right to ‘be elected to any ti whether a county office or otherwise. I am clearly tho opinion that the latter was the true intention. ‘The contrary construction of the section would be at- tended with many anomolies. First—It would permit or, Officer of the so-called Confederate government te bold acounty office, when by the terms ot the ted, and as it stood until recently as originally ado} 6 not vote for another person for the amended, he coul same office. Second—County officers of merely local and limited jurisdiction would be placed under the same ban with th: highest officers of the so-called Confederate or rebel- lions State government. Again, as I have already said, the soction in question is mainly omployed in describing the classes of persons not eligible to office. ‘This construction accords with the general intent—i. e., it construes the words, “excepting therefrom county officers.” as deseriptia personarum, and not as indicating the offices to which the proscribed classes are, notwithstanding the'r proscription, eligible. The opinion I am giving refera merely to constitu- tional offices. As tosuch offices as are not created by the constitution, the prohibitions before mentioned de not apply. Very respectfully, * ee ae * THOS. R. BOWDEN, Attorney General of Virginia, ‘THE PRESS OF VISITORS UPON THE ATTORNEY GENERAL. Attorney General Bowden, owing to the unsettled com- dition of public affairs in Virginia—more especially legat affairs—is most heavily taxed in his energies by the com- siderable influx of visitors from all sections of tho State, seeking his opinion in reference to all manners of ques tions having a legal bearing. The Virginians seem to think that it is a constitutional part of the business of the Attorney General to give them advice upon all matters suggested by individial differences, and do not seem te know or foek that the duties of the office only require the incumbent to weigh and decide upon issues of State gravamen, at the personal instance of the Governor. ‘Attorney Geueral Bowden is an able and discriminating legist, of marked industry and versatility; but he es not to be held in the light of a lawyer for the people, cause he happens to hold his present responsible and exalted offico, TUR DISTRICT OF BOUTRWFSTERN VIRGINIA—THR NEW OOM~ MAND OF MAJOR GENERAL CURTIS, A district within this sopertioeeh to be called the Dis- trict of Southwestern, Virgi as has been constituted. It consists of the counties of Nelson, Amherst, Bedford, Campbell, Appomattox, Pittsylvania, Henry, rick, Franklin, Augusta, Bath, Rockbridge, Bottotourt, Mont- gomery, Greyson, Wythe, Tazewell, Russell, Lee, Wash- ington, Highland, ‘Allecbany, Roanoke, Craig, Giles, he Carroll, Floyd, Smythe, Wise, Buchanan. ‘The district of Lynchburg is therefore discontunued. Brovet Major General N. M. Curtis, having been assigned to duty by the President, according to his brevet rank, is assigned to the command of the district. thus created, with his headquarters at Lynchburg. . ADDITION TO MAJOR GENERAL TURNER'S COMMAND, The city of Manchester, opposite Richmond, has hitherto been tncluded in the commard of r General George L. Hartsuff, whose headquarters are at rsburg. Manchester has now been attached to the command of Major General John W. Turner, commanding the of Henrico, headquarters at Richmond. ’ THE MAGNIFICENT EWORD voted to Gencral Turner by the ladies of the Great North. western Sanitary Fair at Chicago, is to be presented by the committce fo the General this (Saturday) erening a his residence opposite of the Jeff. Davis Mansion in city. The presentation is to be on a grand scale, and will be @ most improssive ceremonial. GESERAL JONN &. MULFORD returned from a week's absence at Washington last even- ing. General Mulford still continues at the head of the Bureau for the Exchange of Prisoners, mostly occupied in closing up its affnirs. In the Richmond market the supply of vogetables, &c., brought to the Richmond markets is undiminished. Tho foilowing were the regress yesterday :— Frosh Mrats—Beef on the hoof, 33¢c. pound, according to quality; veal, $5 a $10 ap’ lamb, $3 a $6; mutton, $6 a $8; shoat, 10c. per pound. At the stalls, beef, 1230. 9 16°. for ordinary—25c. for prime; veal, ‘the same; lamb, 16c. a 20c.; mutton, 1234. a 180. and 20c,,asto quality; shoat, 25c. in market). Fish and Fowl—Ducks, $1 a pair; chickens, 25c. a 20¢. apiece; croakers, 60¢. per bunch; spot, 25c.' a 30c. per bunch (brought from Norfolk). Herings, salt 30c. per dozen; mackerel, §1 por dozen. Vegetables, Fruits, &c,—Potatoes, 5c. a 10c. per quart, ae. halt peck; cabbage, 20c. a 250. per head’, tomatoes, 25c. a 40c, per dozen, as to size; corn, 25¢, pér dozen; ochra, 10c. per dozen; beets, 5c. a 10c. per bunch ; #1 20c. per half peck; parsnip, 10c. per bunch; onions, per peck; watermelons, 60c. a 6c. and $1, ‘scoording to size; cantelopes, 25c.; apples, 10c. a quart; pen 15¢. 'e 20¢:; pears, 10c.’, wi Be. a 100. ; black- berries, Sc. a 1Gc.; dried apples, 10c. per quart; dried ‘curs, 200. Butter” 30c. a 360. per pound for fresh ; 26e. for inferior. Eggs, 26c. a 300. per dozen. NEWS FROM NEW ORLEANS. Our New Orleans Correspondence. Nuw Onieans, July 6, 1965, THE FOURTH OF JULY IN THe DEPARTMENT OF THK GULF. The Fourth of July was appropriately celebrated in this department. In Mobile salutes wore fired. The negroes turned out by thousands. ‘At Baton Rouge, Donaldsonville, Thibodeaux and other towns in the State the national anniversary was cele- brated with more epirit this year than for several years In New Orleans meetings were hold at the Custom House, Mechanics’ Institute and other places. Oration wore delivered by General Banks and William Reed Mills, The firemen turned out in full through the principal streets. In th another gathering at the Custom House. force, and e@-evening there was ‘The Sevon.Thirty Loan. Purapmuraza, July 17, 1865. Jay Cooke-& Co report the subscriptions to the seven,. thirty loan: to-day at $5,668,600, including the follow. ing:— Fourth National Bank, New York. $600,180 Second Nationa’ Bank, Boston.. . bo ae | Boston National Bank, New York. Citizens’ Bank of Baltimore Brewster, Sweat & Co,, J. Shafer Now Yiork Honry Clewes & Co., New Y sSouthweat. Camo, July 15, 1865, Major Putnayh, of General Canby’s stall, has arrived hero on reule for Washington, with thé flagn surrendered News, from the fivids to follow the army are driven back. ‘Tho Central Texas Railroad, a work of importance to the troopm is being tapitly pushed forward to compbetion No rain has fallen in portions of Eastern Mississippt siv’ce the Ist of May. The crops will ba very short, and i Aeepecially the Gorn CrOk