The New York Herald Newspaper, May 22, 1865, Page 4

} Spain. Mr. Oanning, thon British Secretary for Foreign Affairs, thought it imperatively neces- ‘The otcamshif*Hansa, from Bremen via Southampton to prevent this, and proposed to Mr. Bush, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. on May 10, arrived here yesterday. thea our Minislor st London, thet the United An important debate took place in the British House of Commons on the Borough Franchise bill. During the 7 arrived when all Amorioa might be considered Decne sume aieree me anens, pet, beodet as lost to Europe,” and wanted to have that ‘Sic Semper Tyramnis—1806 vorsus 1172,” was exten- | fact recognized and regularly forth an sively clroulated, It is said the demonstration was not! 41.15 American declaration. =~ vated way? neairaniby Wa potple of Dehli. that Sp.in must lose her colonies ; that At‘the French Council of State, held on May 6, the SB es any way; Eazlan did not want them, but eould not con- In Paris a meoting’ of ladies of rank and fortune was | seni to sco them fall into the hands of France; ae aa to take into envoy anon oe wel and these views were conveyed to the French negroes emani ents in y janning. ming +B | statee’ ‘Thé"ladian rescigad themselves into aub-com- | SOVornm> at by Mr. Oi + An disclal ‘ce 9) / iaalttess to carry out thelr’ esa for Engiand any purpose to touch American ‘Tho visit of Napoleon to Algeria is attended with a vory | States that Minister also put tho oase equally free use of gunpowder and official etiquette. The Em- | against France and Spain. Peror, up to May 4, had issued two proclamations Mr. Canning, then, is the real originator of ‘THE DAILY HERALD Foon cents per copy. Annual wabsoriptiqn price, $14. conte per copy. Annual subscription price:— One Oopy ...++ Postage Ave cents per copy for three months, Any larger number addressed to names of subscribers From Italy we have additional evidences of sympathy | +4, ao called “Monroe doctrine,” and England @1 50 cach. An oxtra copy will be sent to every club | for the death of Mr. Lincoln. otk: Wasdelg abst ia gus alles, ca yous, 05; on tae 98 si rene was reported off Shanghae, a oe oui an against = Sage end any larger number at same price. An extra copy | United States five-twenties sold in the London markets | States in this hemisphere. . There was no for- Will be sent to clubs of twenty. These rates make the | onthe Oth inst. at 04 064%. Console were unattended | mal deolaration of these principles by the Bri- Wansux Hamato the cheapest publication in the country. | by the slightest variation, Bee te. tish government in conjunction with our own, was buoyant. Breadsti were y- - ‘The Bvnoraax Ennion, every Wednesday, at Six cents | a eoduce were steady. as Mr. Canning desired there should be, because per Copy, @& pér annum to any part of Great Britain, or MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. Mr. Rush considered that to enter into that 06 to any’ part of the Continent, both to include postage. |. would exceed his end would also, at - y morning’s Heratp contained the announce- powers, Shap ‘Tee'Cazaommté Evrriow, en the 8d, 13th and 234 of | pone that Governor Fenton had disapproved of certain | least in appearance, introduce the United cach mionth, at Srx conts per copy, or @3 per annum. Dills passed by the late Legislature for the extension of | States into European complications. But Pre- ADvERTemaneTs, to a Imited number, will be inserted | Old and gramting of new franchises to corporations in | sident Monroe spoke efficiently and effectively fm the Wanaur Hzaitp, the European and California Le orig tometer Boh Publish the Governor's mitenage | tor the United States alone in his message. It giving his reasons for disapproving these measures. thay wall, baea that Mr. Rate Editions, The objects of these enterprises, upon whieh for the y ipposed Osnning’s views NO NOTICE taken of anonymous corresponiionce. We on the subject, and his declarations to France present Mr. Fenton has put an estoppel, areas follows:— | The bills to allow the Second and Third avenue railroad | fix the position of England also, though the de- companies to extend their tracks; to authorize the Mo- NEW -YORK HERALD, MONDAY. MAY 22, 1865. ‘Sherman's army, WINTER GARDEN, Brosdwey.—Tus Gasy Live or Paxanvon. nditact Beak ig TR! x ¥ - ove) Fy 1B, Bowery.—Manwwan's Com. WALLAOK'S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Lovs ann Mower. 10 we boars, SARNUM'S MUSEUM, Broedway.—Two Li . Wwowigeduinrass, Tae Herneas oF ru Lip. San" owes Doon Waitt, “Open Day ana Rresing. Ew ease Buea THRATRE, Broadway.—Perreorion—Siaxr- led by atmospheric pressure; to in- crease the capital stock of fhe Manhattan Gas Company, and to incorporate the Knickerbocker Gas Company. General Sitkles was officially received on the 6th ult. by the President of Colombia as special envoy to the government of that republic from the President of the United States. A number of Colombian Senators, repre- sentatives and military men were present on the occa- sion, and addresses were made by General Sickles and the President, in which the most friendly feelings of each government for the other were expressed. A fire broke out in the carpenter's shop and property foom of Niblo’s theatre about ten o'clock Iast night. The room is situated outside of the theatre building pro- per, and was nearly enolosed by briek walls. This pre- caution in building saved the theatre, though » large claration was not made. In the administration of Mr. Fillmore, it was proposed that the United States should enter into a tripartite alliance with France and England to guarantee that the island of Cuba should not change hands. We refused to enter into it, and, there- tore, dil not recognize the right of those Powers to dispose or provide for the govern- ment of an American domain. Now, at the interval of forty years from the original” British proposal to us, this question comes up in the same form—against France, and in, relation to a Spanish-American State. England declared in 1823 that she would not stand still and see France seize such States. She stands still now; but so strongly committed by her history to our side of the question ast BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broed- | amount of the wardrobe belonging thereto was destroyed. | She is, is it possible that she could be against ae re Bons, Dances, Buncusgui or New Yous. 1 Tones WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, 514 Broadway.—Ermorian Bones, Danone, 40.-Guasweauria—Tan Palace ov Boar. HOOLEY'S MINSTRELS, Bowery.—Somes, HELLER’S HALL, 585 Broadway,—Saw Faanxctico Mix- eramis—Rioging 4 Puncuass. gene AMERICAN THEATRE, No. 444 Broadway.—Batunrs, Paxtomiuxs, Suecesques, 40.—P. P. on THE MAN AND THE HEATRON. Fourteenth street.—Eguestaraw, 4np Aouosatic Entgrtainuents—Tis Evixim ‘The Metropolitan Hotel, next door, was not injured, ex- cept by water, and by that only slightly. I is believed that the damage done will not tnterfere with the per- formances this evening in the theatre. The funeral of Captain Peter Henry, Tenth New York Volunteers, took: place yesterday from tho City Hall. The remains wero conveyed to Trinity Cemetery. Early yeaterduy morning. burglars were discovered at work on the premises No. 34 New Bowery. On the Police effecting an-entrance about one hundred and fifty dollars worth of cigars were found piled together on the second floor, ready to be carried off. The prindlpal ope- rators effected their escape; but youth, who gave his us in a war on this point? We believe not. The United States boldly gave warning to France at the same time; and then the United States jwas 6 Power undeveloped and of small account. Can we do less now, having just shown the world the immense power that we possess to carry on war? Is the United States of 1865, developed, vigorous and tremondously power- ful; leas ready to assert its rights and its dignity than was the United States of 1823 In 1823 we said that “we should regard as highly r pli HOPE CHAPEL, 720 Broadway.—Tax Awsnican Srungo- | D4me as Charles Rutter, and who appeared to becon- | unjust and as fruitful of disastrous conse- soorticon. VANNUCHI'S MUSEUM, — ure een Moving Wa NEW Y USEUM OF ANATOMY, — Open OTOL MED M.A TONY? O18 Broadway ee ee a New York, Monday, May, 22, 1865. exces oe e THE SITUATION. Jeff Davisand party on Saturday last still remained on board the steamer W. P. Clyde, at anchor in Hamp- nected with the burglary, was arrested and committed to the Tomba. George Harris and James McOabe were yesterday com- mitted for trial on a of being engaged in garrotting and robbing. “It is alleged that the formor, in company with accomplices, attacked and stole a sum of money from ‘Thomas Faulkter, on Saturday night, in Canal street, and that McCabe was engaged with others in robbing Thomas Smith, on Saturday night, in Laurens street. A Ger.nan women named Dora Eglander was yesterday arrested on charge of causing.the death of a newly born. quences, any attempt on the part of, any Euro- pean Power to take. possession of American States by conquest, by cession, or on any other ground or pretext whatever” But in 1865) there is a monarchy at our doors, built up by France in contempt of us--and are we to stand till? o It is impossible. As matters now ‘stand there is for us and for one or more of the European Powers an inevitable and serious ton "Roads, Genoral Halleck bad arrived from Rich- | child of which sho was the mother, and concealing its | war in the future on this question. So far as mond and assumed charge of them. Governor Vance, body. John Rice, James Dudley and Stephen Cassidy were the condition of the popular mind goes there of North Carolina, had been added to the captive | yesterday committed on charge of assaulting and robbing | {8 now a state of war between us aad France, party, and his disposition will be the sameas that of his follow prisoners. The casemates of Fortress Monroe are boing propared as cells for the reception of Davis and his companions. About five tons of rebel government archives and Congressional documents, hurried off into North Carolina from Richmond on the evacuation of that city by the Jeff. Davis conclave, arrived at Fortress Monroe on Friday laa, from Newbora, N. C., in charge of Colonel Troat, of General Schofield’s staff. They were captured by the national troops in North Carolina, and will no doubt, when thir investigation takes place, disclose maay important facta in the history of the rebel gor- erume It is ‘pected that the examination of witnesses for the pr: ention in the aasagsination conspiracy trial at Wash a, ton will be conciuded, or nearly so, to-day, The coruso! (ur the prisoners, it is said, have about two hun- drod witnesses to testify in their behalf. To-morrow and noxt day will take place in Washing- ton the grand reviews of the Army of the Potomac, Sheridan's troopers and other vete- Fans, comprising altogether a magnificent body of two hundred thousand troops. The spectacle will be such as has never before been witnessed in this country, and Tarely inthe history of the world. Washington is al. ready crowded with civilians from all parts of the coun- try desirous of viewing the patriotic pageant. Most entertaining sketches of the march of Sherman's men from Richmond to Alexandria, Va, over the ground ‘made forever momorable by the sanguinary contests be- twoon the Army of the Potomac and Leo's rebels, are furnished by the Herat correspondents. The route lay through Chancollorsville, Spottsylvania and other battle fields, On the fold of Spotsylvania the bones of about twelve hundred Union soldiers, mingled with fragments of the national blue uniform, were discovered unburied, bleaching in the sun and storm, Many of the brave pa- ‘triots of whom these whitened relics were the only re- maing bad fallen within ten paces of the enemy's works. General Bhorman contracted with a resident of the vici pity to have the remains properly interred. The troops ‘marched from Richmond to Aloxandria, a distance of one hundred and sixty miles, in a little over seven days. General Sheridan left Washington yesterday, en route, via this olty, for tho field of his new military enterprise ~ of clearing out the army of Kirby Smith and the otuer ‘fragments of tho rebellion west of the Mississippi river. Out Augusta correspondence furnishes some interest- ing feote regarding the occupation of that city. General Molineux, Of Now York, took format possossionon May | 5 uss Lenisphere. ‘The second was e clear | exceptions the only wealthy people of the 6, and found about ono hundred thousand bales of cotton, tom miliiog dollars worth of ordnance and other rebel stores, and forty-five thousand dollars in bullion, A part of Jot, Davia’ specie train was captured, and one bun} |b 4414 aot, It is this point in the doctrine | surprising if by some direct act of the Captain érod.and eighty-five thousand dollars of gold secured, ‘Tue favannah fiver bas been opened to Savannah, and Thomas Murray, early yesterday morning, in Canal street, near Allen. Henry W. Severance, claiming to be a farmer from the Interior of the State, was yesterday committed charged with passing a counterfeit two dollar bill on the Com- mercial Bank of Glen’s Falla, Michael Farley was yesterday locked up for trial on the complaint of having inflicted a severe wound with a knife on Louis Alsgood, on Saturday night, during a quar- rel between the two in Catharine alip. The Anglo-American Policy=The Can- ming-Monroe Doctrine=The Proposed Congress. “One war ata time” was the satisfactory response of the late President to all that was said on the subject of European interference in the affairs of American States. He recognized readily enough that that was a subject we might, and perhaps ought to, fight about, but not while we were at war on a more vitalone. Now, however, our hands are free. We have finished that “one war,” and it is the universal recog- nition of the country that we cannot sit down under the insolent and even contemptuous vio- lation by France of a principle that has become @ cardinal point in our national policy. The face of every man in the United States would redden with shame it it was thought that we could do so; and it is the consciousness that we cannot do this that now makes the “Monroe doctrine” one of the most important topics of the time. But what is the “Monroe doctrine?” Where does it come from ?—who made it*—what does it propose? This doctrine is enunciated in two distinct propositions put forth in President Mon- roe’s message for 1823. The first declares it “as a principle in which the rights and interests | to any scheme that might tend to the accom- of the United States are involved; that the American continents, by the free and independ- ent condition which they bave assumed and | maintain, are henceforth not to be considered ag subjects for future colonization by any European Powers.” The second runs thus:— “We owe it to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and European Powers, to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and Nothing could have averted war if France had touched Mexico while we were free to prevent it; but it is felt that she took an advantage of our position that makes the matter worse. Our government will not rush recklessly into a new war; but any accident may precipitate such an event. There is but one way to provide against {t, and that is by the definite and henorable settlement of this question before an international congress. When this doctrine was originally mooted it was in view of the assemblage of such a congress, and Mr. Can- | ning urged its settlement, so that Engiond | might go into the e¢ongress definitely cummit- ted to such a policy. He would even have kept England out if the congress would have refused to invite Mr. Rush or treat that question fairly. But it is a topic that has grown im- mensely in importance since then, and must be met openly. There is but one alternative. This doctrine must be clearly fixed by an international congress, or there must be war with France—certainly within five years. The Sla m in Cuba—Probable Result of the Excitement. The people of the “ever faithful” istand of Cuba are at present somewhat agitated con- cerning the question of slavery. The wealthy hacendados and others most interested in the matter, are naturally afraid that events there may take a turn similar to that just eehieved in the United States. The Captain General is said to be very. strongly in favor of the emancipation of all slaves in the island, and therefore would be ready to lend his assistance plisbment of his views. He has certainly made great pretensions of hostility to the slave trade, and in this respect it may be said that his acts of government have been quite consistent. The means he has adopted to forward his plans have not, however, been always in accordance with Ameriean notions of right or justice. It was throvgh his direct influence that the un- fortunate Arguelles was taken in this city, and carried to Cuba where he has beon sentenced to an imprisonment that will last as long as he lives. In many other cases the Captain General anfety.” It is important that the propositions should be kept distinct. The first wae merely a protest, aimed at Russia against the origina- tion by European Powers of any new societies announcement that the United States would consider any Buropean interference in the overnment of an existing American State as that is the important one just now. ‘This point is indeed the vital one of the s0- has evinced a similar spirit of determined hos- tillty to slavery and the slave trade, and as 4 consequence he is not held in very great affec- tion by the holders of slaves, who are with few island. Holding such opinions as these, and with ab- solute power to enforce them, it would not be General the result most dreaded should be pre- cipitated. The germ of such a crisis even now tuo raitroad communication from Louisville, Ky., 0 | saiieq “Monroe doctrine,” and this point did | exists, and it would require but little excite C!arleaton will goon be complete, not originate with President Monroe. It did | ment to clothe it with popular importance. Gonoral Sherman's oficial report of his negotiations | 14¢ gyen originate in the United States, It | This is to be found in the action of the official with tho rebel Genoral Johnston, which has been on Mle | originated in Europo—with a British states- | authorities of Cuba, under the immediate eye tv tho War Department for some days, will shortly be | man, and as the basis of an agreement between | of the Captain General, in the arrival of the suede publie, Upon this document General Shorman | England and this country to prevent the at- rebel ram Stonewall in Cuban waters. reals bie defence against all the charges of improper | tompts of France against those American States | In the face of the proclamation of action om his part, ‘ that had vera gglonies of Spain, but had ob- | the late President Lincoln against all From Richmond we are informed that General Dent, | tained their independence by force of arms. | rebel pirates, relterated in the strongest and of General Grant's stat, has, at his own request, been | In 1828 France was at war with Spain. It had | most ¢:omn manner by President Johnson, the rolloved from ommand in that city, in consequence of | become evident that Spain could not re-estab- | Captain General peremptorily refused either to 60mo misunderstanding botwoon himself and his superior | lish her authority in her American ie detain the pirate or to seize her as a publio Cfticors, Goneral Loe, it is said, proposes, if permitted | and must lose them; and [i Was anoipal onomy and deliver her to the United States au- AT govoramons, to rotiro to is ostate at White House, that France would aeize them as natural con-! thoritiea Ae the eontrary, the most flattering Vo emene ne reception wee given to her officers, and the Spanish Admiral of the port, rigged out in ben- dles of gold lace, paid « ceremonious visit to the rebel, as if to mark the appreciation io which the exploded confederacy instill held by these blind Spanish officials. ‘That euch proceedings as these will evoke « remonstrance from our government to the Gabi- net at Madrid is not te be doubted; but there ia a nearer and greater danger to be feared. Now that the war for the Union is at an end, there are tens of thousands of our invinolble soldiers unemployed, and already we eee that their rage for emigration to Mexico is the ab- sorbing topic of the day. There are a hundred thousand of these tried men now ready to be off to the land of the Montezumas at a mo- ment’s notice. If these men once became pos- sessed of the idea nothing could prevent them from dropping in at the island of Cuba by the way, and wiping out any scores that might be standing there. It is quite immaterial to them where they “emigrate.” Whether this kind of un- invited visit would please the Captain General or not we cannot say; but the armed visitors would be heartily weloomed by the mass of the people of Cuba, and the emancipation question, about which there ia so much fear and trouble, would be decided without much further delay. It is, therefore, to the interest of the governing classes of Cubs to be very cautious how they attempt to offer or suffer insult to our flag. The Great Trial at Washington—The Evidence Against the Rebel Leaders, The testimony before the court martial at Washington, on Saturday, was very important. The rebel Benjamin, who {s not yet in custody, and for whom a reward has not yet been offered, was directly connected with the assassina- tion conspiracy by the evidence as to the ideli- tity of f panbraee in his’ office and that which possessed. The government ought to include him in the lidf>€ criminals at once. The complicity of Benjamin carrieswith it the complicity of Jeff. Davis, who will shortly be placed on trial. It was also put in evidence that the rebels had a large amount of money— six hundred and fifty thousand dollars in all— on deposit at the Ontario Bank, Montreal, sub- ject to the drafts of Jake Thompson, and that Booth kept his money at the same bank, and bought bills of exchange on England, saying that he wasabout to run the blockade. One by one the avowed agents of Jeff. Davis are thus implicated in the conspiracy; and we must re- member that whatever implicates those agents, who were acting under his orders, implicates Jeff. Davis himself. The attempt of the government to show that Dr. Mudd heard of the assassination, and yet volunteered no information about Booth, and the evidence of Col. Stewart, who chased Booth to the stage-door of the theatre on the night of the assassination, and saw Spangler standing. there, apparently unconcerned and making no effort to stop the assassin, occupied the rest of the day until the court was cleared for the ad- mission of important secret testimony. This testimony {s said to be conclusive against the leading. rebels. What it is we may judge from the dospatches which were read on Saturday, and they were in the same cipher as that used by Booth and Benjamin. It is eminently proper that such evidence as this should be kept from publication, for it may implicate parties not yet arrested, like Surratt, Maddox and Thompson. In a civil court no such secresy could have been seeured, and we see, therefore, the necessity of trying the conspirators before @ court martial, which may sit with open or closed doors as it deems prudent, In spite of the elamors of interested papers and persons, the people appreciate this necessity, and acquiesce im the course deter- mined upon by the President «nd his advisers. But though it is probable that the strongest evidence against Jeff. Davis and the other rebel leaders bas been given in secret session, and is as yet suppressed, still enongh bus been made public to justify the government it arraigning Davis as the: ehief of the assassination con- spirators. Diy by day the links of the chain which Se him to the foulest crime in our history have been more and more clearly reveated. Directly, through Benja- min, Surratt and Booth, and . indirectly, through Sanders, Thompson and Bootti, we find Jeff. Davis identified as the master spirit of the assassination. The developments of this trial enable us to understand why the rebel chief was #0 confident of success under all his military erses; why he rejected the magnanimous offered by President Lincoln at Hamp- ton Roads, and why he broke down ao sud- denly, losing both his courage and his: dignity after the President was killed. He evidently expected that the murder of Lincoln, Johnson, Grant, Seward and Stanton, to be secured by the conspiracy to which he was privy, would completely disorganize the North and: render the triumph of the confederacy easy. Buoyed up by this hope, he would accept no terms and was appalled by no disasters, But when the President was murdered and the government went on as before, the other victims having providentially escaped the bullet and the knife, then Jeff. Davis, relinquished all his hopes; then he fled for the coast; then, like all other criminals, he resorted to a disguise to scape detection; then he dressed himself in his wife’s clothes and came out of his tent with a bucket on his arm—his manliness gone and without sufficient spirit left to flourish a bowie knife as was at first reported. No wonder that the President’s proclamation branding him as a murderer fell from bis trembling hands. His conscience convicted him of his crime, and he shuddered as he inwardly pronounced his own sentence. Carer Justice Cnasm AND TAR CHARLESTON Neorors.—The Chief Justice of the United States is now on a stumping tour along the Southern coast, entertaining the negroes with his ideas of reconstruction. We gave yester- day his first speech, delivered in Charleston to & promiscuous audience, composed mostly of negroes. The burden of this speoch is advice to the negroes in regard to their duties and relative to their course of action in their urging upon the colored people to be indus- trious and economical, he delivered an essay on the importance of the right of negroes to vote, In his remarks upon that subject he threws considerable doubt upon the present administration favoring the polloy of clothing the colored race with the privileges of the elec- tive franchise, adding, “Iam no longer in its councils.” He, however, took special pains to show that he had long favored that policy, and endeavored to prove that the ddea originated new relations with the rest of mankind. After, with him by roferring to a speech dolivered tion of @ new politioal party. Our National Finances in 1812 and On- ward. We publish to-day an epitome of that very interesting period in the fisoal history of this country, extending from 1812 to 1625. Com- pared with the vast sums of indebtedness to which the present war has accustomed us, its details appear insignificant enough, for it was more difficult for the government to borrow a million in those days than it would be for it to borrow s hundred millions now. But the record is very suggestive of the progeess we have made in material wealth during the last fifty years. In.1815 we had s population of only nine millions, inclading « million anda half of slaves. The banking capital of all the States was, about that time, only seventy-five nfillions, and the circulation of the banks eighty millions, In 1860, om the other hand, the capital of the State banks had increased to $421,880,095, and their circulation to $207,102,- 477, and the population to thirty-one and a half millions. But our greatest financial development has taken place since the rebellion began. The national debt was only seventy-six millions in 1860, and as it is now more than twenty-five hundred millions, it follows that the govern- ment has borrowed, in different forms, not mach short of that immense aggregate, for the nine hundred millions of currency is virtually a loan adapted for popular circulation. It is true that, getting into dpbt @*not becoming rich, and that a heavy national debt is anything but a national blessing, although there are some people in the world who labor under the hallucination that it is, nevertheless the fact that we have been able to spend this large amount in the space of four yéurs, without becoming hope- lessly bankrupt, shows our wonderful strength, resourees and unity of purpose. The war con- solidated the North, and made it the giant and the terror to treason and the world that it is; and the recuperative powers of the country are everywhere visiblein the prosperity of the people and the hopeful future that lies- be- fore us. It was so difficult for the government to bor- row money to carry on the war in 1813 that it was forced to allow a bonus.on its six per cent loans, and the best terms it could obtain was $88 25-100 in coin for each bundred dollar bond, and subsequently the bonuses had to be increased, so that'in February, 1815, just before / the announcement of peace, the bonds were selling at thirty percent below par. Yet the en- tire national debt was only a hundred and twen- ty-seven millions, eigbty-nine millions of which had been incurred during the war. The banks outside of New England had suspended specie paymenis, and their notes were at a discount of from twenty to thirty per cent, owing mainly to the opposition of the federalists or peace party, whose great stronghold was New Eng- land, and ospecially Boston, and who threw all the obstacles they could in the way of carry- ing on the war, because it interfered with their commercial interests. With this view they drained the banks of the Middle and Southern States of their coin by collecting their notes and deman ting specie from them in exchange, and this led to their suspension. with peace fhere was a sudden diversion, and between the Tithand the 18th of Febenary, 1815, the pre- minm on gold fell from twenty-two to two per cent, which of course resulted in wide-spread commercial bankruptcy. Government six per cents, howeves, rose twelve per cent, leaving them still tweive per cent below par. The finances of the country gradually improved, and its foreign trade re- ceived an unlooked for impetus, so that, before the close of 1825, the debt had Deen. reduced to seventy-three millions. Meanwhile, how- ever; from 1816 to 1819, the establisharent of the second United States Bank, under the auspices of Henry Clay, had resulted in great havoc among the mercantile community. The bank succeeded in raising the public securities to par and resuming specie payments, but the process of contraction employed involved a large proportion of the debtors of the country in ruin. The financial question had during this time become the subject of political agitation, and it mainly decided all the elections. The same result is likely to follow the present con- dition of our finances, but on a far larger scale. Those who expect to see a speedy re- sumption of specie payments will be disap- pointed. Our debt will probably soon aggre- gate three thousand millions, and great skill will be required in providing for the payment of the interest and the gradual reduc- tion of the principal; but, with our resources, the debt is, provided it be well managed, quite within control, and by contrasting the United States of fifty years ago with the United States of to-day we shall see that there is, now that the war is ended, no need of fears for the future ability of the nation to meet its obliga tions, enormous though they are, and however great our fears might have been while the duration of the rebellion was still a matter of uncertainty. Surv. Davis at Fortress Monnon.—Jeff, Davis, in the eustody of the United States authorities at Fortress Monroe, represents the last humiliating foot in the greatest failure of the age. It shows us that the Southern con- federacy ts, in the expressive idiom of Cutfee, “done gone?’ Nover before was @ great fact insubstantial pageant of Prospero’s dreams did not pass away more completely. There might have been more scraps left if Gargantua and Gargamel hed made a meal of ft, There is nothing remaining of {t but Magrader and his wonderfal pantaloons, stripes and ail, and the great question which is stripe and which la pantaloon. The passage of Davis through the Southern country illustrates how little is left of the confederacy in tho hearts of the South- ern people, Borne through Southern gitios in | through the tE Ht i Hil Hf e impersenation of its por ried through the streets of three Southera cities, through crowds ao dense that it is hard that gives every malefactor so great a suite:— No Indian prince has to his palaco More followers than a rogue to the gallows. Negro Suffrage—President Johnson's Po- Moy—Chief Justice Chase and His Presi- dential Programme. The question of negro suffrage is looming up as the great political issue in the work of the reconstruction of the rebellious States. On this subject and various others connected with the African race, especially with their political rights and claims, we publish to-day a chapter of very interesting extracts from Northern and In the Tennessee House of Representatives, for instance, of the initial Legislature elected . under their new free State constitution, a motion to print five hundred copies of « peti- tion from the emancipated blacks of the State for the right of suffrage was adopted by a vote - of forty-one to ten, This ig an indication in favor of the blacks, and it is probable that their petition will be granted. The arguments presented in the debate in support of the peti- tion are strong, and the new Governor of the State, Parson Brownlow,’ at one time o travel- ling defender of slavery against the Northern abolitionists, is now earnestly in favor of neutralizing the disloyal whites of the State by the votes of the loyal blacks. #This will serve to show the wonderful revolution at work upon this question among leading loyal Southern men.¥ But mainly to Andrew Johnson, as President Lincoln’s military governor, Tennessee owes her present position asa State restored to her allegiance to the Union on the basis of emanci- pation. Thus reorganized, the State is declared in its néw constitution as absolutely purged of the institution of slavery. Her-late slave popt- lation is free, an the restoration of slavery ts peremptorily in‘eieted. . Bat'this new constt- tution leaves the ques'ton of negro suffrage to” the discretion of the Legislature, and’hence this” petition and this deoats, This policy ef @ ‘re organization on the basis of the abolition of | slavery, and leaving negro suffrage to the State Legislature, will doubtless be adopted in every rebellious, State, under the rules and regular tions of President Johnson, in the interval: to | the regular meeting of Congress. As in the reconstruction of Tennessee, too, we may be sure that a sharply defined testvof loyalty will give to the convention which is to frame the new constitution a solid vote'in favor of a free State charter, and to the initial Legis- lature a majority recognizing the: services of © the blacks in putting down the rebellion. The new Provisional Governor Pierpont, chosen; by President Johnson, to. put old Virginia in her new garments as a free State, will shortly issue, . we learn, a proclamation from Richmond, which will show that the Tennessee plan of Andrew Johnson is to be followed up, including the - limitation of the right of suffrage, in the initia- tive proceedings of reorganization, to white men of unquestionable loyalty, if they amount only to five thousand, more or less, in the com- monwealth, | We understand that President Johnson does not feel authorized, without the advice of Con- | gress, to broach this subject of negro suffrage. It will, therefore, remain an open question, un- less this branch of the work of reconstruction be detayed till the meeting of Congress. Upom this contingency will perhaps depend the ques. tion whether negro suffrage or the fmancial problem shall be the controlling issue of the next Presidential campaign. Chief Justice Chase, it would appear from our Washington advices touching his present Southern journey, is impressed with the idea that the issue of negro suffrage will remain unsettled, and will be the winning card in 1868; and it is said that he thus goes South on a political reconnoissance as the champion of negro suffrage. Whatever may be the facta, however, in re- gard to this mission of Judge Chase, it requires no gift of prophecy to foresee that, if unsettled in 1868 in the Southern States, this thing of negro suffrage will give us another Presidential election, with a sectional division of the elec- toral vote, although negro suffrage, so far as it concerns the general government, may by that time have become a mere idea. The power may have passed over to the several States, but the idea will control the Presidential election, In this connection we may mention that in the Legislature of Connecticut, in which this ques tion of negro suffrage was taken up the other day, the republicans in a body ranged them- selves in favor of the blacks, while the demo- crats, as by instinct, were found en masse on the other side. From this example we may guess how the issue will be settled if carried toa Prosidential division of parties. The war has put an end to slavery; the blacks of the South have tutned the scale against the rebelltoet-and in favor of the Union. They are free. They ask the right to vote, Can we resist this application? Not long. What danger is there in it, when even in the slave State of North Carolina, down to the year 1835— when the Northern abolition agitation shut i of—free blacks possessed the right of suffrage? But, with the extinotion of slavery, where is the, danger? We rely upon the experience, disere~ tion and sagacity of President Johnson, He might settle the question right away by calling Congress together; but we presume that in the interval to the regular meeting of Congreas he will shape his course of reconstruction in such @ way as to avold any issue between the Exe- cutive and Legislative departments, especially as the approval of Congress will be neoded to make good any act of reconstruction. It is @ great work, and will not be hurried to a com Clusion, when the more urgent necessities of the exhausted, verished and disorganised Sonthern people, Gnd blacks, call for some provisional regulations of labor which will keop thetr souls and bodies together pexs winter, *