The New York Herald Newspaper, March 5, 1865, Page 5

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, — EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU BTS. AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. Irving place.—Irauiax Orena— ACADEMY OF MUS! La Forza vax Destin WINTER GARDEN, Hamer. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Rowxo ann JuLme—Porsary ap Weattn—Howest Jor. Pema ts TUEATRE, Broadway.--Ticxxt or Leave AN. OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway.—Tus Streets or New Yous. BOWERY THEATRE, Kowery.—Daux Trot—Orp Rxat- mwrrals—MuLtiner's Uouipay, NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Niant axp Moawua. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.—Toopiss—Foutr Wixxs, BARNUM'’S MUSEUM. Hroa@way.—Two Mawworm Far Wowes—Living Sxeixton—D ware—Giant Bor—Tux. Woux- xx oF Nuw Youk—Day and Evening. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Mall, 472 Broad. way.—Eraqorian 50x Danct buneesqui 40.—Tax Groxs. - 420 a WOOD'S MINSTREL HAL Bonas, 4 Broadway. —Ernrorian Dances, &c.— et NIA, O18 OlL OM PUR Beatn. SALLE DIABOLIQUE, 585 Brusdway.—Rouxar Hevixn’s ¢ [MACLES—C YURS. VAN AMBURGH & CO.'S MAMMOTH MENAGERIE, 889and 641 Broadway.—Open from 1) A. M. to WP. M. HIPPOTHEATRON, Foufteenth stroct.—Eaquesrnian, Grnovastio anv AckowAtio ExteatsaNuxxts—MorngnGooas. AMERIOAN THEATRE, Pantomiuas, Buanxsaues, &c. HOOLEY’S MINSTRELS, 199 anit 2 Bowery.—Soxus, Dancxs, Boxtrsquas, 40.—Live Lxain, 0. 444 Broadway.—Sauuers, sae Lin. DODWORTH HALL, 806 Broadwoy.—Burwxrr's Evex- mas or Miutu anv Patuos. NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broadway.— Open from WA. M. till 10 P. M. st VANNUCHI'S MUSEUM, 600 Croadwoy.—Movina Wax Fiourxs. Open Day and Evening. New York, Sunday, March 5, 1865. THE SITUATION. Information has been received in Washington of the arrival at Fayotteville, North Carolina, on Capo Fear fiver, of the advance of General Sherman’s army, and ‘iso of the gunboats sent up from Wilmington by Gen. Schofield. Faycttovillo is sixty miles south of Raleigh, and one hundred miles northwest of Wilmington. A despatch has beon received by the Mayor of Oswego, in this State, frouf Governor Fenton, advising him that the War D°pariment has been informed trom Halifax that the rebels in the British provinces aro preparing for & raid on Oswozo and Rochester. Reliable intelligence from Mobile to the 6th of last month is furrizhed us in our New Orleans despatches. From this it would appear that the ramors so plentifal some tim age, to the effect that the rebels were evacua- ting that city, were groundless, On tho contrary, a gen- Hleman who loft there at the above mentioned date says tho garrison was being largely reinforced and ghe rebel defences were being strengthened. Gen. Beaurogard was in Mobile on the 4th of February, and mad: a specch to the people, in which he oxpressed the utmost confidence that the place would be held. Gen. Gordon Granger was in Pensacola, Fla, on the 11th of February, and roviewed the national troops there. The armios before the rebel capital still remain andis- walen the weather ‘Taso Tr will be place ‘st the Capitol in Washington yooterday. The procession which escorted him from the Presi- dcatial Mansion was over a mile in length, and made @ fino appearance, There was a grand display Along tho entire line ef march, and flags and streamers were flying over the whole city, whilo the sidewalks, doors, windows, and every spot which could command & view of the procession aa it moved along the avenue were crowded with spectators. After the arrival at the Capitol, and provious to the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, Andrew Johnson took the oath of office and was installed as Vico President of the United States, in tho Senate Chamber, in tho presonce of the President, the Suprome Court Judges, the foreign ministers, members of Congress, Bumerons othor persons holding prominent positions, and many privato citizens and ladies, The ocoupapts of tho Chamber then proceeded to the eastern portico, where, D fore an immense throng of people, the oath of office was administered to Mr. Lincoln by Chiof Justice Chase, and the Inangural Address was delivered. Governor Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee (now Vice President of the United Statea), issued a proclamation t the people of that State on the 25th ult,, declaring that enough returns had beon received of the vote onthe new constitution to place the success of that measure beyond doubt, and that the altcrations end amendments. Proposed (ono’ of which is the total abolition of slavery throughout the State) have becn ratified and confirmed by the vote of the people, and that said articles now constitute a part of the permanont constitution and su- Preme law of the State of Tennesses, amd as such are horeafter to bo so held aud regarded by all the people theroof, The Governor also ordered an éloction for Governor and moibers of Assembly to be hold yester- day, the 4th day of March, ‘The Governor of Vermont has called an extra session of tho Logislature of that State, to. meet on Thursday, the 9th inst., forthe purpose of watifying the constitu- tional amendment abolishing slavery. The Saxonia, Capt, Trautman, sailod yesterday for Hamburg with a large number of paseongers, among whom was Volghtman, charged with forgeries on the Borlin and Hamburg Railroad Company, and given up tothe Pruasian government under tho Extradition treaty. Mr. Schmidt, Jr., tho Pruasian Vice Consul, and his counsel, Mr. Lapaugh, were on board, and the Prus- sian prisoner was given into the charge of the captain and his officials. Capt. Trautman has beon sixteen years in the service betweon Now York and Hamburg, and is about to be rewarded for his long and efficient du- ties by a presentation to the command of the new steam- er Alamania, which will make her first trip to this port on tho arrival of the Saxonia at her destination. Capt, Wenke, oftho steamship New York, had a band on board, which played excellent music asthe Saxonia sailed ma- j.stically down the bay. The Surrogute yesterday admitted to probate the con- tested will of Aloxandor K. Aeby, deceased. The pro- perty in question amounts to twenty thousand dollars, and goes to the sisters of the deceased. Tho summing up of the evidence in tho contested will of E. P. Christy will be continued on Monday before Surrogate Tucker. The rema‘nder of the Surrogate’s will calondar stands adjourned to the 13th of March. ‘We are requosted to stato that the memorial presented to the Chamber of Commerce of New York on Thursday last, asking the aid of the.Chamber in obtaining a sub- sidy from tho United States government to ostablish a telosraph line between this country and Ruropo, did not come from the Atluntic Telegraph Company, but a com- the Lord are true and righteous altogether. Now, this may be « etrictly orthodox decla- ration, resting upon “the judgments of the Lorg;”’ but is it caloulated to do any'goodt We last ditch” leaders of the rebel will construe it to their despairing followers as an official declaration from “the despot Lincoln” that it is his purpose to proseeuje this war to the total extirpation of slavery, though Itmty involve the extermination of. the white race of the South, and the destruction of their property, root and branch, Surely there is no wisdom in a declaration admitting this construction; nor can we find in it that “charity for all,” which Mr, Linceln recommends, We had expected from this 1a dif- ferent treatment of the slavery question; thay Mr. Lincoln would deal with the institution a4 a thing already beyond the power of further mischief, and that, therefore, with the submis- sion of the rebellious States, the remnants of slavery still existing within their borders could be safely left to the constitutional amendment before the States for the total abolition of slavery tiroughout the length and breadth of the land, It would be a nstural inference, from the absence of even a passing remark upon this amendment, that Mr. Lincoln classes it with his emancipation proclamations, as nothing better than “the Pope’s bull against the comet,” and that only the sword can effect the abolition of slavery after all. But we are inclined to receive this inaugural simply as the necessary speech which the occa- sion demanded—a little speech of “glittering generalities,” put in to fill up the programme, and as nothing more. We grant that it is not quite up to the mark of the last imperial speech of Louis Napoleon; but it has answered its pur- pose. Mr. Lincoln has told us heretofore that he waits upon events, and is guided by them, and this being the case, his discourse of yester- day was only an effort at best to avoid any com- mitment upon any question affecting our do- mestic or foreign affairs, excepting the aboli- tion of slavery. That question, being prac- tically settled, he was free to discuss, and it has served its purpose of a tub to the whale. Moving Times in the Metropolis—The Rolations of Landlord and Tenant. We published on Sunday a brief but very interesting sketch of the strike of the landlords and the dismay of the tenants of this metropo- lis. We publish this morning two communica- tions upon the same subject—one from a real estate agent, who corroborates the article with which he finds fault, and the other from a gentleman who has resided in Paris, and has a remody for the want of houses, Our sketch did not in the least exaggerate the exorbitant demands of real estate owners, and the troubles of those who are compelled to pany called the Ocean Telegraph, which has nothing whatever to do with the Atlantic Telegraph Company. Mr. Jamos Spence, the rebel agent in Liverpool, is not now, and never has been, in any way connected with the Atlantic Telegraph Company. The German Union republicans met last evening at Weill’s Hall, in Chrystie street, to celebrate the success of the republican party, the triumphs of the national arms, the progress made,in the abolition of slavery, and the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln for his second Presiden- turbed by active operations. The rains which have pre- vailed thero for some days have put the roads in very bad condition and rendered movements very difficult. During the temporary repose the paymasters aro busily engaged in liquidating the pay arrcaragos of the armies of the Potomac and James. Desertors still pour in, and bring additional reports of rebel preparations for tho abandonment of Riehmond and Potersburg. Tho ex- change of prisoners is progressing as rapidly as possible on James river. Tho rebel cavalry leader General Forrest has recently fgsued an address to his troops, recounting what he Claims as having been accomplished by thom during the past yoar. He boaste that they have fought fifty bat- ties, and, with a loss in all of only four thousand of their own men, have killed and captured sixteen thousand Union troops, taken two thousand homes and mules, sixty-seven pieces of artillery, fourteen transports, twenty barges, three hundred wagons, fifty ambulances, and captured and destroyed much other Property, in al! amounting to the value of fifteen millions of dollars. He tells them there is to be no peace till the tmdependence of thetr confederacy ts acknowledged. Two steamboat loads of Union prisoners were recently brought down by the rebels to the mouth of the Red river, where they were exchanged, and whence they ‘were despatched to New Orleans. Others were on their way down the Red river when these arrived. CONGRESS. The Thirty-cighth Congress of the United States termi- Dated at noon yesterday. Both houses continued in ses- sion throughout Friday night and during the greater por- tion of yosterday forenoom. A largo amount of business was disposed of, and @ number of matters were passed over for the action of the next Congross. In tho Senate, after much discussion, the Civil Appro- priation bill, the Coinage bill and several private bills were passed. On the Amendatory Enrolment bill the disagroo- ments with the House were insisted on. The joint resolu- tion to permit the financial cominittces of the two houses to sit after the conclusion of the session, for the purpose of investigating the matter of trade with the rebel Siates, was tabled. While action on the bill to regulate commerce between the several Statts was pending, Hon. Androw Jonson, Vice President elect, was escorted by Vico resident Hamlin into the Senate Cham ber, which was soon filled by a large aesomblago, including distinguished officers of the gov- ernment and foreign ministers. Mr. Hamlin then de- livered his valedictory address, after which the Vice President elect made a short speech, took the oath and ‘was Installed in office. The Senate then adjourned, Im- mediately thereafter the President's proclamation con- ‘voning the body in extra session was read, when the Senators elect were sworn in, after which a procession ‘was formed, and all proceeded to attend the inaugural ceremonica. The Senate, during yesterday, held an executive ses- sion, and among tho appointments confirmed wore all those of the New York Custom Houso, including that of Mr. Wakeman ag Sarveyor of the port, In tho House of Representatives the Senate Joint reso- lution to the offect that our government will never on any conditions recognize the rebel debt waa concurred in. Tho Senate amendment to the joint resolution changing from three tw Gfteen per cont advalorem the duty on printing paper was non concurred in. On the Civil Appropriation bill also the House failed to agree with the Senate, The bills re moving all disqualification of color in carrying the malls and conceruing remuneration to the Illinois Central Rail. road wore passed. Many miscellaneous subjects w also acted on. Much noise and confusion prevailed dari the closing scones, as usual on such occasions, and the hour for adjournment found the members debating over tho printing paper duty, which, with s number of other matters, goes over for final disposition to the next Congrem, Speaker Colfax then delivered his farewell address, and the House of Representatives of the Thirty- eight!) Congress reached its final adjournment. We publish in this morning's Hrraty a complete list Of the bills passed and joint resolutions adopted by the session which has Just closed MISCELLANEOUS N=WS. The colebration of our national triumphs waa postponed fin this city yostorday, owing to the rain storm which Provailed in tho morning and (broughout the foreacon, tial term. The meoting was large and enthusiastic, and was addressed by Dr. Nauman, Messrs. Henry Reihan, R. EL Chittenden, August Koch and others’ The mail agent on the Hudson River Railroad, whe camo down on Saturday afternoon, informs us that the, Hudson river is now open from New York to West Point, and that above that point steamboats can easily force their way through to Poughkeepsie, as the recent rains have rendered the ice very soft. From Sing Sing to this city no floating ice is to be seen. Tho Coroner's inquest was concluded yesterday in the cage of William Smith, charged with causing the death of Daniel Lawrence, by inflicting on him various stabs, dur- img ascuffle between the two on the nightof the 25th ult., ina room at No. 126 Hester street. On the rendi- tion of the verdict finding Smith guilty he was com- mitted to the be to await the result of the Grand Jury's investi; About eleven o’clock last night a fire was discovered in the building No. 68 Broadway, running through té and known as No. 17 Now streot, The finmes spread very rapidly, and, owing to the open well hole, s00n commu- nicated to the upper floors, and at the time we write there is every appearance that tho entire building will be destroyed, The entire loss on stock, it is supposed, will be about thirty thousand dollars. The building will be damaged to the extent of fifteen thousand dollars. The insurance could not be ascertained owing to the lateness of the hour. A fire ina mattress manufactory at 99 Wost Broadway, yesterday forenoon, destroyed five hundred doMars worth of stock and slightly damaged the building. All was insured. _ There was no session of either of the stock ‘boards yes- terday, and the gold r‘om waa closed. Gold was, how- ever, quoted on the street at 199 s 200. President Lincoln’s Second Inaugural— The Negro Question. The brief address delivered yesterday by President Lincoln, on the occasion of his sec- ond inauguration, gives us a passing review of his four years just expired, but furnishes no in- formation as to his future policy. He says that, “Now, at the expiration of four years, dur- ing which public declarations have constantly been called forth (from himself) on every point and phase of the great contest which still ab- sorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be pre- sented.” We are thus left to tRe conclusion that, having, fully defined his policy and pur- poses heretofore in reference to the rebellion, the war, peace and reconstruction, he has nothing more to say. We think, however, that some allusion by Mr. Lincoln to the late Hampton Roads Peace Conference, embracing a distinct declaration of the terms upon which the rebellious States and the insurgents thereof will be received back into the Union, would have been very gratify- ing to the people of the loyal States, and would have had a good effect among the Southern people directly concerned at this particular time. We are disappointed in the silence of the inaugural upon this subject, and also with its silence touching the Mexican question, Napoleon, Maximilian, Dr.Gwin, the Monroe doctrine, and the Baltimore platform, upon which Old Abe was renominated and re-elected. The address is mainly devoted to the subject of slavery as the cause of the war, and to the astounding revolution upon the slavery ques- tion which the war has brought about. Mr. Lincoln accepts the war asa national punish- ment from the Almighty for the “offence” of slavery, and the destruction of the institution as His infallible will and purpose. “Tervently do we pray,” says the President, “that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondman’s two hun- dred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another drawn by the sword, as wes said three thousand years go house-hunting this year. The Scriptures tell us that “the foxes havo holes and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head;” and this seems to be the case as regards several hundreds of the sons of men in this city at present. Land- lords have added about four hundred dollars to their last year rentals, and people of moderate incomes do not know where to We pro- pose to give both landlords and ta a fow timely suggestions, which they will do well to mark and inwardly digest. In the first place, an attentive study of the advertising columns of the Heratp will show that the scarcity of houses to rent this year is rather more apparent than real. Tke tenants | seem to think that man wants but little here below, but wants that little in a so-called fashionable neighborhood. Ifo, he can get it by paying roundly for i. There are houses to let even on Fifth avenue, There are furnished houses to let on Murray Hill. You can almost take, your pick of fashionable localities if your purée is large enough to gratify your ambi- tion to live amung the nabobs. But it is im- possible to live fashionably and live cheaply; and there is the real rub of the present trou- bles about house rent. So soon as a tenant gets over the absurd idea that he must within certain specified limits in order to be respectable, all the diffioulties of his position vanish, and he is soon accommodated with very comfortable quarters. The discovery that a brown stone front near Fifth avenue is not essential to happiness is the beginning of a new and better era in the lives of many-people. Let us suppose that this era has begun, and that a house-hunter has resolved to be sensible. The question then is, Where shall he find a home? There are plenty of houses to rent on Staten Island for very reasonable sums, ranging from four to eight handred dollars, according to size. Brooklyn has been so crowded with emi- grants from the metropolis that a good house near the ferries cannot be had for much less than a thousand a year. But if the tenant is willing to go # mile or so back from the ferries he will find numerous houses, both in Brooklyn and Williamsburg, for an average rent of about five hundred dollars. In Jersey City the aver- age is about seven hundred, and perfect little palaces can be obtained there for that rental. The ferry fare, it must be remembered, is not so large as the car fare in this city, and the walk from the ferry is excellent exercise. Still, we cannot advise any one to leave New York island. We have an abiding faith that it is; all things considered, the best place in the world for a residence. At Harlem, admirable houses are advertised for very reasonable rents. One may buy a house there for the rental of a house in a fashionable street. Around the Park many beautiful residences are offered for five hundred dollars a year. Besides these, we see fine, old-fashioned houses offered for regt in the down town wards, which were once centres of fashion, but are now rather out of date. Yet one may live there quite as agree- ably as up town, and at about half the ex- pense. It is evident, then, that the real trouble is not 80 much in the scarcity of houses as in the foolish ideas about fashion entertained by tenants. But, on the other hand, it is undeniable that the landlords have displayed little sense and @ great deal of extortion in their tremendous rise in rents. Houses which were rentéd last yoar for eight hundred dollars now bring twelve, and one thousand dollar houses now bring fif- teen or eighteen hundred per annum. Those houses are not, strictly speaking, of tho first class; but they are in good locations, and have all the modern improvements. Now, the class of people who occupy such houpts cannot afford to pay such high rents. Tdty may pro- mise to pay; but the landlords ‘will cortainly suffor in the end. We hi ®. conversation on @ street oar the other which ius ayear rent? Yoursalary is only two thou- cand.” “I know that,” replied the person ad- dressed; “but I must have some place to live, and after I’ve paid the first quarter I'll trust to Providonoe for the balance.” This trusting in Providence will not pay the landlord. It will result ins lawguit, ang perhaps an ‘ment, Then the a will have 4 law- yer’s biil and gn gmpty honse on his bands, and may comfort himself with the reflection that he ought to have let his house to a good tenant at a reasonable rental, More than this, the pressnt rage for high rents will causo capi- talists to build houses for speculation, as they pay better interest than potroleum stock. About ten thousand more small houses are needed, and according to the atyle in which New Yorkers overdo matters, about twenty thousand will be erected, Perhaps our arobi- tect’s idea may prove popular, and numerous residences be built on the Parisian plan, Then we shall have to chronicle a strike of the tenants and tho dismay of the landlords, Taxes upon real estate will be very high: and rents very low. Let the landlords be leas grasping and the tenants less crazy about fashion, and we shall get_over this Ist of May very mloely, Next year the tables may be turned end all wrongs. Louis Nmpoleon'’s New Book—Dynactic , Delasions of the Emperor. The many who will persist in regarding Louis Napoleon as merely an Emperor, in the com- mon: sense of the word, do him far less than justice and take thelr, observations of his char- acter from 4 standpoint which must forever prevent their forming a trae appreciation. of his motives ‘and the probable outcome of his acta. He is essentially a philosopher who speculates in systems of government; a literary man who, happily or unhappily for himself, has obtained power to test the various dynastic theories whioh he has formed during # dreamy life, by the arbitrament of floots, armies, edicts and schemes of finance—all the moral and’ material resources of a powerful but fickle people. To the subjects of government as a science, and the perpetuation of dynasties as an art, ho would seem from his earliest days to have do- voted all the enorgies of a plodding but not brilliant intellect—an intellect in which we find the infidelity and audacity which marked the France of twenty years before his birth, ouri- ously contrasted with an almost reverential study of the lessons of history, and touchingly credulous acquiescence in whatever may ap- pear to be the necessities which those lessons would impose. That faith in the “Napoleonic star” which, with the stronger Uncle, was in great part a theatrical assumption, designed to givo confi- dence to his followers in times of peril, would seem to have been accepted by the weaker Nephew as a religious truth—a truth both his- torical and philosophic, on the sufficient basis of which a permanent imperial dynasty for France may with safety be constructed. For this theory he seeks support in the analogies of history—his retrospection continually studying and reproducing the motives and maxims of his Uncle, as in the volume entitled “Napoleonic Ideas ;” and his slow intellect never seem- ing to tire of analysing the lives of Julius Cwsar and Charlemagne, as the two great military and imperial characters in whose de- signs and successes may be found the closest parallels to the achievements of the elder Na- poleon. For the written results of his researches into the history and times of Charlemagne, Pa- risian rumor says we may have yet some years to wait; but already we know there is in press & “History of Cesar” from Louis Napoleon’s pen—the design of this last imperial literary effort being, as wo imagine, to prove: That as the First Napoleon was, in his conquests and final fate, a rather close counterpart of the First Cwear, so in the Second Napoleon we may ex- pect to see revived the peaceful glories, irre- sistible sway, artistic and material progress and consolidating influences of the Augustan era. For this conjecture asto the object and in- tended moral of the forthcoming work, we have no other ground than a pretty accurate study of Louis Napoleon’s character and a just csti- mate of the circumstances under which he writes, Occupying the most perplexing and unstable throne in Europe, a prey to physical maladies and devoured by a desire to perpetu- ate his dynasty in the person of his son, the French imperial litterateur flies to his pen, at once as a relief from oppressing cares and 8 an instrument which may be made useful in giving popularity to his ideas. That the views which, we doubt not, his edition of Casar will be found tc contain are plausible on their face, isnot to be denied. As the Roman conqueror laid the foundations of his greatness by victo- riously carrying the eagles of his country over France, Spain, Germany and Britain, while at home all was mutiny and chaos in the expiring republic of the municipality of Rome, so the elder Napoleon dazzled the eyes of France by his successes in Italy and elsewhere, at a period ‘when the democratic government in Paris had become the very incsrnation of oppression without purpose and imbecility from which there could be no appeal. In the manner of their obtaining imperial power—for Cwsar had long held it in fact, though assassinated under a suspicion of desir- ing to assume it in title—there is the strictest possible analogy between the histories of the first Roman and the first French emperors. Both were first olass military conquerors, and both poor statesmen; both had achieved triumphs abroad while chaos ruled at home; both were called upon to return and assume the direction of affairs by the all but unanimous ory of a people who could nowhere else see any hope of stability; both committed the mis- take of believing themselves the creators and not the creatures of the circumstances by which they found themselves surrounded; and both paid the penalty of their lives—Cmsar, the more happy, under sudden blows, anf Napo- Jeon in the long exile of St. Helena—for having failed to realize that the time in which each lived was not the proper time for the experi- ment of personal aggrandizoment which each attempted. Different epochs and conditions of society call for and produce new forms of government. Romo had originally been ‘governed by kings, of whom Tarquinius Superbus was the last. Thon camo four hundred yoars of a so-called republican government, which was just tormi- nating, utterly éffete and exhausted, when Cesar stepped inpon thestage. It was not a re- publle to peir or the follies ofpast eras. Romo did not want @ king; and, speaking by the hand of Brutus, Cesar was bloodily. rebuked for supposing he could make himself a successor to the last of the Tarquins, But Rome did watt « change of government; the hour had become ripe for pro- ducing a new system of rule; and in the person of Augus'ns, and with the tifle of “Imperator,” or general-in-chief, borrowed from the camps and only suggesting military. ascendancy, the Roman people passed cheerfally under the yoke of an empire—that being the form of govern- ment which most clearly realized their aspira- tions for universal conquest. In France and with the elder Napoleon the case was differont. There the kingship of the Capets, accompanied by the oppressions of a feudal aristocracy, had become effete, and all Frenchmen needed » change. The republic, in the days of {ts infancy, was assailod by power- fal combinations of toreign foes and domestic traitors. ¥ absolutely needed for ite guidance + through’ that hitter period the firm hand and absolute will of a successful military chief. history tells us how generons was his wel- come, how boundless the homage, almost. the idolatry, France poured at his feet. But as Cesar, mistakenly, under similar circumstances, supposed Rome to need a ‘so Napoleon, misled by his vanity and personal ambition, thought France must need an emperor. Here was an egregious folly, only to be pirdoned for the severity of the penalty which it evoked. France in making a republic in Europe had fulfilled her needs. Her new system was not worn out; indeed, it was only in its infancy, as it is even yet. That new experiment has since been interrupted by foreign accidents—a few generations in the history of a nation being comparatively as briefas the fainting fit ofa mo- ment in the life of ayoung child. In throwing off the Bourbon and Orleans dynasties, and ac- cepting Louis Napoleon as emperor by the voice of universal suffrage, France well knows that she is returning fast towards her inférmit- ted experiment of a demecratio republic. ‘Tt is her dostiny, she feels, to live under the now form of government that she was the first to create in Europe—the presont emperorship of Louis Napoleon being no more than 9 mask or curtain behind which the forces of hor nation- hood are preparing for a return to the comple- tion of their interrupted dream. Nations nevor go backward on their tracks, nor can dissimilar causes in their history, any more than in the history of individual lives, produce similar results, Charlemagne tried to revive the Roman imperial system in his own person, conquering all Europe west of the Dan- ube and calling it the “Empire of the West,” the Roman Power having then removed its capital to Constantinople, and being well con- tent with recognition as the “Empire of the East.” That Western Europe needed a change of government Charlemagne clearly saw, and ase military conqueror he was accepted in the iconoclastic spirit. His revival of an empire was successful for his own stormy and troubled lifetime; but the moment that powerful repressive influence had been removed, the nations saw a new thing—the feu- dal system—rise up in Europe; that very feudal system which has since been swept away in blood and fire by the first throes of the French revolution. Like Cesar thinking of returning .to the ancient Roman kingship; like Charle- magne hoping to reconsolidsate in his own dynasty the early Roman empire; like the First Napoleon, forgetting that his purple was but tolerated aa @ portion of his military uniform, and that his trae character was that ‘of the armed hand of a democratic republic—we now see Louis Napoleon dreaming of a French em- pire which is to endure and be perpetuated in his family, and painfully writing books to prove that in himself is revived the Augustan era which only came to Rome after nearly four hundred years of an aristocratic republic. If the present Emperor of the French be alive half a dozen years from now, he will be quite likely to appreciate the philosophic truth of this article—a philosophy not spider spun from dreams, and discolored by personal aspi- rations, as is his own, but drawn with disinterested candor from an application of mere common sense principles to the great teachings of historical experience. In the be- heading of Louis Capet, France signified her conviction that a republican form of govern- ment was essential to her progress. That wish, in any orderly sense, has never yet grati- fied, Europe conspiring to forbid . ment, and France having for a brief time to accept an “imperator,” or absolute comman- der-in-chief, aa her only safeguard. The wish for the republic, however, has not died out, nor can France forego the idea until the idea shall—in the course of centuries perhaps—have fulfilled its mission. Louis Napoleon may translate books and write commentaries to prove himself a new Augustus, and to convince the French people that under his dynasty alone can their happiness be thoroughly developed. The wholo thing is nonsense, however—the nonsonse of a selfish and not large-minded dreamer, who bas so much at stake im the game that he does not dare acknowledge, even to himself, how hopelessly and inevitably all the chances are against him. Whoever is alive ten years from now will see France peacefully aud proudly pursuing the republican experiment from which she was compelled to desist, more than half a century ago, by the arms of the Holy Alliance. Louis Napoleon, meanwhile, may fancy himself a new Augustus; and we have no dowbt that, in this light, his forthcom- ing volume may prove extremely instructive ané amusing. Mere Recruits or a Drafi=-Ten Days’ ‘Grace. The communication of Brigadier General Hinks, Acting Armistant Provost Marshal and General Superin tendent of Volunteoring, which we published ye aterday, addreased to Supervisor Blunt, is of most importance to every citizen in this community. The General acknowledges the success of the Supervisors’ committee in procuring volunteers to be greater per diem than on any, previous occasion; he acknowledges the aerviots, the great services, of the commit- tee, and the ability ovinced in securing recruits for the army, and says:—“While yourself and a true onee, the municinelite of | fuygersgns bave labored faithfully and off imminent, and in this he wc" Fight; but he con- templated « return in his owm Person to the former system of s kingship, and he’ yas bis error. Nations, no more than individuals, Fe- peat in the progress of thelr lives the passions ‘This want the elder Napoleon supplied; and clently to produce. the desired result, the ex- pectation of a general interest being aroused” has failed, and then makes his appeal direct te the citizens of New York to use thelr individual exertion in assisting the committee to gy our quota without the necessity of te a draft. General Hinks is not a citizen of New York; be can feel no especial interest in our and it can make but little difference te , mersonally, what policy is adopted in re- ference tthe filling of the quota. His appeal, then, is all thé more fordtble and deserving of attention; and if ghould bring the blush of shame to the cheek of every citizen who sits af his ease on this moment0ys question and neg- lects or refuses to raise a fitggr towards raising our quota of men. Is a draft desirablet Ie it well to set this vast city into a whirlwind of excitement by the enforcement of # consorip- tion? It is a question, then, as General es says, which rests wholly with the people of this great metropolis. The Supervisors’ committee has done all it can do; has been even more sue- cessful in procuring men than on any previous occasion; but even this success, great as it fa, the General tells us, is not sufficient; and he gives us ten days’ grace, before enforcing the draft, to eee if something more will not be done by ‘the: citizens generally. It is a question which now rests with them—with aay helders, with moneyed men; in fact, with The people must now bestir themselves; meet ings should be called in every ward to enceum age enlistments, Every man, and woman, tom should make himself and herself a recruiting agent, determined to bring at least one recruié to the committee. Our moneyed men and moneyed institutions must respond to the appeals of the ComptreHer to come forward and subscribe to the county bounty loan—one of the best seven per cent loans in the market. Let general activity be displayed in every quarter; let a general response be made to the appeal of General Hinks; let our Supervisore’ committee make its appeal to the people of New York, and let the press raise its united voice in behalf of the cause, and our word for it Chairman Blunt will be enabled to announce our stots full be- fore the close of the present‘month. But if nothing is done except what the committee fs doing—recruiting its hundred or eo a day—@ the people are determined to make no exer tion, and all hands are bent on sitting quietly by with folded arms, indifferent to results, why, then, the draft must come, let the conse- quences be what they may. SHERMAN. Sherman’s Advance at Fayetteville, B. Oo OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON DESPATOH. Wasminaton, March 4, 1868, Authentic information—not from the Richmond pa- pers—has been recoived that General Sherman's advance has reached Fayetteville, N.C. Wo already had the information that the gunboats sont by General Schofield had arrivod at that point, which is about equi-distams from Wilmington and Newbern. Nows from Fortress Monroe. Fortaes Moxrom, March 3, 1868. * ‘The steamers Glaucis and Neptuno arrived here this afternoon from Smithville, N. ©. The captains of both of these steamers reported having encountcred during the trip up the coast vory heavy northeast gales. They sailed from Smithville on the 1st inst. at one o'clock A, M., and shortly before they left, the steamer General Moigs arrived from Wilmington, N. C., bringing the re- port, which was generally credited by army and mavy officers stationed at Smithville, that a portion of General, Sherman’s army had arrived at and was marching through Wilmington, N. C., from which it is conjectared that @ junction with General ferry’s army has been effected. Owing to the thick fog in the bay the mail boat James ‘'T. Brady, from Washington, D. C., due here at seve o'clock this morning, did not arrive here until thres o'clock this afternoon. MORE TROUBLE ON THE NORTHERN BORDER. Contemplated Rebel Raid on Oswege. Osweao, March 4, 1866. Major Grant has received despatch from Governee Fenton, stating that the War Department at Washington have received information from Halifax that the rebels in the provinces are contemplating a raid on Oswege and Rochester. A public moeting is to be beld in this elty this afternoon to take such action in the matter as may be necessary. International Exhibition in Portagal. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. ConsuLa’ NERAL OF PoRTUGAL, New oun, Feb. 28, 1868. Ihave the honor to transmit you the enclosed card relative to an international exhibition to be held in the city of Oporto, Portugal. Considering the affair as one worthy of public noties, I take tho liberty of soliciting your valuable assistance through the newspaper you so ably conduct. I rematm, sir, with regord, your obedient servant, A.M. DA CUNHA PEREIRA SOTTO MAIOR, products, ma.» CARD. An International Exhibition of the chinery, and all other objects appertaini industry, will be imaugurated in the city of Portugal, in August next; wherefore the Consul of Portugal in the United States horoby invites the far mera, manufacturers and inventive genius of this coum try to contigbute to said exhibition with whatever articles they may deem appropriate. Further particulars may be obtained st the Consalate General of Portugal and at Mr. L. KE, Amsinck’s, 31 Broad strect, New York. A. Popular City Loan. 70 THK EDITOR OF THR HERALD. New York, March 4, 1065. ‘As there ig a prospect of the city funds running low ia the way of the Bounty Loan, would it not bewell te advocate a popular loan, Tam satisfied that if the pope- Jar loan was started it would be taken up speedily, oa almost every person interested would invest. Have ® from ten dollars upward. BL. J. Tratsan Orrna—Matinee.—The weather yesterday wae anything but inviting or propitious for a matinée, yot the Academy made a very fair shew. Although not crowded, the house looked bright an@ blooming. Martha was ver? well sung by Miss Kellogg, Mile. Morensi: and .Signom Lotti and Welalich. To-morrow evening La Forea tek Datino will be given forthe fourth time That this is the very finest of all Verdi’s works is a conviction which Becomes strengthened the oftener we boar it. Tt is ever- flowing with musical goms. The dvett, for tence and baritone, in the third act, is delicious, perhaps one.of the Dest morceaus in any of Verdi’s operas, The part or Preziosilla, the Gipsey and Vivandierre, is a macnificene one, both in the music allotted to it and the briltiens dramatic exuberance which it admits of. In saenic effect the opera has few, if any equals, and in jretice to Mere Maretzek and his scenic artists it must be safrt that (hese effects are very finely, indeed grandly, peesented We Observe that La Forza is announced for two more niaht® this week, Why notran it for Tuesday in place of Faves? Or, if the managerial arrangements do not admit of it, Lucia might be substituted. Faust, once 60 popular, 'e almost oxhausted iteelf, and people begin to weary of it ‘We had an excellont proof of the popularity of Lucia we whon, despite the disagreeable weather, thore was not standing room to be had. We cannot but think that Jacia or Linda would be more acceptable om Tuesday tran Faust. jn yoralty Nominations. i ton a oa PoxTLanp, Me., March 4, 1866. jicans have renominated Captain Jacob Me cin oa ice and the democrata Bave nominated. Caytain Grrus Sturdivant,