The New York Herald Newspaper, February 27, 1865, Page 4

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The important report comes to usin our James river Gespatches that the rebel Gencral Lee has gone south- ‘ward to conduct the operations of opposing Sherman, leaving General Joe Johnston in command at Richmond ‘and Potersburg; and we have additional particulars ro- garding the commotion and movements of troops which have been observed within the lines of the rebels around their capital during the past week, giving evidence that something of moments in process of preparation by them. A large part of theirarmy had on Sata rday last been under marching orders for several days, and a considerable num ber of rebel troops are believed to have been despatched to actagainst Sherman. The reportsof Lee's designs to shortly abandon Petersburg and Richmond are repeated, ‘and deserters now add that notice has been given by him to the people of the former place to have their tobacco and other stores removed within four days. They say that nearly all tho artillery fhas been taken from the Petersburg batteries, only sufivient being left to keep up appearances. Heavy artillery practice, continuing for geveral hours, was inaulged in on Thursday and Friday last by the opposing guns in front of Petersburg. The casualites, however, and the firing ‘appears to have had no result of importance. Of the stream of rebel deserters pouring into the Union lines, averaging at least one hundred daity, a large proportion now bring with them their arms and equipments, and the cavalrymen bring in their horses. Since the fall of Charleston South Carolina troops, in large numbers, have joined the deserting throng. The Richmond Sn- nel of last Friday had a report that General Grant was again massing on the Vanghn road. General Singleton and Judg Hughes, en rowte from Washington to Rich- mond, arrived at City Point on Saturday last. Nothing later regarding General Sherman's progress bas been received. The Richmond journals, though they give no nows, are very boastful in their tone and confl- dont in their prophecies of his overwhelming defeat ere long. They say that the next and only news froma Sher- ‘man that the Yankees will get from them will be that his army has been “met, defeated, and probably de- @troyed.”” The Whig says “Sherman's doom may be looked upon as eecled.” Evidently great preparations are being made by the rebels to check him, and the mys- teorious hints thrown out and exultation of spirit tn- Gulged in by thesc mewspaper men gtve weight to the Teport mentioned in our despatches from the Army of ‘the Potomac, that Lee has left Richmond and gone to Guperintend affairs in General Shorman’s front. ‘We give in this morning's Heratp a comprehensive map showing the field of the operations now in progress under the supervision of Generals Grant, Sherman nd Schofield on behalf of the national government, fand Generals Lee, Johnston, Beauregard, Bragg and Hardee on the part of the rebels. It embraces a consi- dorable extent of country, and forms the theatre upon ‘which military events of tho greatest importance may be expected to shortly occur. Tho steamship Memphis, from Charleston bar on the Bist inst., arrived here yesterday. When she loft the national flag was flying over the city and all the forte in the harbor, General Gillmore’s headquarters were eetab- Tiahod in the city. The forts, which remain in a good condition, aro of ‘a most formidable character. Two hun- dred picces of artillery, spiked, but otherwise uninjured, foll into the hands of the national forces, About six thousand bales of cotton were burned by the rebels be- fore they loft, but it is believed that large quantities of it, andsjpleo of tobacco, are con. coaled inthe houses. Just before the national troops entered the rebel rear guard were busy in plundering and firing the houses. Fow but the poor inhabitants remained in the city after ite abandonment, the wealthy leaving it \potore or with the rebolarmy. The new blockade run- (par moamablo Dost, with Wargo of uaors, wus oaw- were fow, NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1865. tured in the harbor on the night of the 16th inst., while | Sherman's Advance—The Rebel Attempts | stable goverment at home, all their efforts and running up towards the city, her officers being entirely to Arrest his Progress—The Theatre of fgnorant of the change in affairs there, It is said that Twelve days ago of General Sherman’s dno pearepan rem ihe: Gactnent Geenmnet te het | gcse wns a ae Charlotte, N. C., a8 gunboats in Charleston harbor were sent to Wilmington, | ¢ha¢ town was under martial law, and was filled NG with fugitives from South Carolina, driven up We have received our New Orleans despatches tothe / hy Sherman’s advance through the Palmetto 18th inst., by the arrival here yesterday of the steamship | State, Part of his force was also near Cam- Evening Star and Fung Shuey., The sonstitutional | gen, This is the most definite intelligence we amendment abolishing slavery was adopted by the Loul- | have of his whereabouts, as the rebel preas has siana Legislature on the 14th inst.—in the Senate bys | suddenly ceased to report his movements. But vote of eighteen in favor to only one againstit, and inthe | there is not the remotest probability that he has House of Representatives unanimously. The amendment | yet encountered any obstacle to his progress. has now been ratified by eighteen States, No military | If Beauregard could not hold:Branchville, or try operations of importance in the Department of the Gulf to hold Columbia, he cannot hold the lino of the since previous advices are reported. A small band of Catawba or the Yadkin ; and Sherman is, doubt- rebels had been dispersed in the vicinity of Rodney, | less, before this east of those streams, He may Mias., by a detachment of national troops. General Kirby Smith's Trans-Mississipp! rebel army still refuses to crogs to the east side of the Mississippi. On two ooca- ‘sions that attempts have been made to transfer it men have positively declared that they would not move, and it 1s believed that any further efforts to induce them to do eo would result in open and genéral mutiny, All the Union. -.meval Prisoners at Camp Ford, Texas, had been exchanged, and were-daily expected at New Orleans, Drafting for now be at Fayetteville, or, better still, be boldly pushing on for Raleigh. It seems obvious that he will fix upon some point near the centre of the | North Carolina from whence to open a line to Wilmington, and at which he may form a junc- tion with Schofield. In view of the perfect safety with which he can do this, it is very laughable to see the seriousness with which the rebel papers declare his position to be critical, and announce that a single blunder will be his ruin. It isa return to the imaginings of the the national army commenced in Louisiana on the 15th same press as to what point he would try to instant. The obstruction to navigation by the increase of deposit on the bar at the mouth of the Mississippi river having become serious, the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce has appointed a committee to proceed to ‘Washington and memorialize Congress for an appropria- tion to improve the channel. Our correspondence from Newbern represents a very demoraliz d condition of the rebel military forces in North Carolina, and a disposition on the part of both gol- diecs and civilians to return to the good old Union on the best terms they can get. Deserters from the rebel army are constantly coming into the Union lines there as well asatall other points, A small party of Union cavalry and infantry recently made an expodition to Washington, N. ©, where they captured between twenty and thirty rebel soldiers, who were apparently very glad to be taken, not firing a shot or making any resistance, Our late files of rebel newspapérs are excvedingly inte- resting. The indignation of the Richmond editors over tho defeat by their Senate of the bill to put slaves in thoir armies continues to be vented in strong language, and the Sentine! (Jeff. Davis’ organ) calls for a mass moet- ing in that city to coerce the Senators, It appears thatthe bill received its quietus by a majority of only one, there being eleven against it to ten in favor. The Raleigh Confederate says that the people of Wilmington, N. C., had fifteen thousand bales of cotton hidden away, await- ing the arrival of the national forces. The rebel cavalry chief Forrest is said to be preparing fora move which is shortly to make the Yankees and negroes in the Wost howl. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. i By the steamship Evening Star, which arrived hore | yesterday, from New Orleans on the 18th and Havana on | the 2st inst., we learn that tho trade of Uni } shipping merchants with the Mexican port of Mi has beeu interrupted, owing to our Consul fa that town b ing accredited to the government of Juarez, and Max’- | milian’s officers there refosing to recognize him. There | were large stocks of American cotton at Matamoros. ‘There is no news of importance by this arrival from Ha- Vana, and nothing from St. Domingo. The committee having charge of the arrangements for the grand eclobration in this city on Saturday next of our national triumphs have established their headquarters at the Astor House, where tho: ill be in constant session during this week, and wh y Will be happy to confer with associations or citizons desirous of co-operating in the civic and military demonstrations to be made on the occasion, There are two important cases set down for trial in the court of General Sessions this morning, One isan in- dictment against Frank Ferris for murder in the first degroe, in killing his wife with an axe, and the other is a charge against James O'Brien for alleged extensive forgeries on tho Bank of Commerce. No cases of special interest came before Colonel Baker yesterday, Tho work of the detectives was prosecuted as usual, however, ‘The agent for the sale of the government bonds bearing | soven aud thres-tonths per cont interest hus disposed of | sixty-cight millions of dollars worth since the first of this month. The sales on Saturday last amounted to over nin» millions of dollars, and during the week ending with { | that day to twenty-seven millions of dollars, These sales aro iu sums of from fifty dollars upto as high as hall million. Henry H. Wal of Nowark, N.J., wax assaulted esterday morning lu Houston street, near Crosby, y of men, who 1 of a diamond breast- pin valued at over tis @ man named Henry Archer, whom Mr, Walters charged with boing one of his assailants, was arrested and locked up for trial. Christopher O'Donnell, keeper of a Mucdougal street drinking place, yesterday morning made a charge against Janes Kenny, William Shields and William McDermott of attempting to take his life while he was standing in the door of his house on Saturday evening. He alleges | that Kenny fired a pistol at him, the ball taking effeet in his cheek and producing a severe wound, McDermott and Shicids were commitiod for trial, indefault of one thousand dollars bail each, Kenny was not arrested. The house No. 91 Ninth street was broken into by burglars on Saturday night and robbed of a considerable amount of valuable property, including “¢ other things a one thousand dollar government bound, The burglars effectod their entrance throngh a basement win- dow. They have not yet been arrested Our neighbors across the river in Williamsbueg were kept under much excitement during the severo rain storm | of Saturday night and Sunday morning by the breaking out of incendiary fires in different portions of the town, and the disorderly conduct of some of the runners with the fire apparatua Considerable property was destroyed, including several valuable horses, which were burnod to death in stables fired by the incendiaries, We have not learned of any arrests of tho guilty persons having yet | been made. A block of tenement houses was burned at Chicago on the afternoon of Wednosday Inet, Some twenty families were rendered homeless, besides losing all their property. Five stores were also destroyed. The entire loss was up- wards of twenty thoasand dollars. The headquarters of an immense gang of thieves, rob- bers and counterfeiters in the State of Illinois has been discovered, and eight men and two women bolonging to it have been arrested. A lerge amount of property, sup- posed to have been stolen by this party, has also been found and identified by the owners. The Legislature of West Virginia has adopted an amendment to the conatitution of the State, disfranchis. ‘about the same number, j has already the “escape” by when he was marching scross Georgia to seize Savannah. ‘The last heard of any attempt to oppose his progress is the appointment of Johnston to the command of the rebel troops in North Carolina, although deserters state that Lee has gone down in person to look after our army in South Carolina. But Jobnston is the only man in the confederacy who, under any ciroumstances, could make head against Sherman; and even for him to do so the circumstances must be of the most favorable nature. What could John- ston do in North Carolina with the scattered and fragmentary forces that are there against the magnificent column that is sweeping on with Sherman? Nothing at all. Nor is his appointment intended to have any effect in North Carolina. It is intended to have its effect on Leo’s army. It is part of the system of deception that is now necessary to keep that army together. If it were positively known in Lee’s army that it alone will soon have to fight both Grant and Sherman, that army would go to pieces even more rapidly than it is now going. As it has lately lost as,much as a regiment by desertion on some days, it would then lose as much every day. But it is kept in ignorance of the real state of the case, and made to beHeve that there is a force in North Carolina equal to a battle with Sherman. The | mythical force under Beauregard is swelled by the lies of Richmond officials to forty or fifty thousand men; and, on the other hand, Shorman’s force, by the same wholesale lying, is reduced to Now Johnston goos to take the command, and the conviction doubt- sacrifices would instantly be turned towards 8 vigorous and relentless enforcement of Prince ‘These facts and these passions the “Geru- sians” of Carthage appeared as utterly to over- look as the French Emperor seems to be over- looking, or ignoring, similar facts and similar passions in the present day with regard to our- selves. Finding the Romans involved in a suc- cession of civil wars and domestic troubles, the Carthagenians first seized upon Sardinia, after a fierce struggle, and subsequently upon Syra- cuse, in both of which fruitful islands they es- tablished governments and most wealthy colonies—Rome the while looking on grimly, but as yet without power to interfere. At length—disembarrassed of her civil troubles, and probably regarding, as we shall soon, ® foreign war as offering the best means for reuniting her lately belligerent component parts—the Roman republic, about two hundred and sixty years before the commencement of the Christian era, gave ear to the ory of the ‘Messinians, upon whose soil the Carthagenians were attempting a fresh violation of the “Monroe doctrine.” War was at once declared with all proper pomp, and pushed with every energy of the Roman people. In a year Syracuse was rescued from beneath the shadow of foreign domination; the Romans, heretofore without a navy, built an enormous ficet; and, in the twenty-second year of this first “war for the Monroe doctrine,” after the Carthagenians had been defeated in a heavy sea fight by the Romans, under Vice Admiral Lutalius Catulus, the “Gerusians”’ of Carthage “gave a receipt for the maize,” so to speak—acknowledged the “Monroe doctrine” of the Roman republic in ita full integriiy, withdrew from all islands and territorics on the European side of the Mediterranean, re- leased ail Roman prisoners without ransom, and finally paid a very handsome sum towards defraying the expenses of this war for the vindication of the orbit of Roman power—or the “Monroe doctrine” of the present day. The second Punic war had a similar origin, ‘and was waged on the Roman side for the vin- dication of the self-same principle. The Car- thagenians and their mercenaries, under Han- nibal, captured Saguntum, a town on the eastern coast of Spain, and consequently on that side of the Mediterranean which the Romans claimed te be within the exclusive orbit of their empire. “Two stars hold not their courses in one sphere;” nor, in the case of two great and progressive nationali- ties, can one infringe upon the circuit or orbit of the other without leading to inevitable and most disastrous collisions, This truth neither the Carthagenian wise men of old nor the French Emperor at the present day have shown any, less gains force in Richmond and in Lee’s army that Sherman will soon be brought to a disas- trons halt. When this last delusion goes, as delusion that Charleston, Branchville and Columbia were each to be de- fended, the integrity of Lee’s army will go with it. The bond of muiual support between the Border and Gulf States is already broken, as the Richmond papers tell us; and the bond of mutual support between the rebel leaders and the rebel soldiery — will not long survive it. Already this bond has been put to some severe tesis. The soldiers have been deceived without measure; but they adhere to their leaders still, So soon, how- ever, as it shall become apparent that this last promise to stop Sherman is a cheat—and it will become apparent very soon—the bond wili snap, «nd even Loe will have no army. The map we give to-day shows at a glance the whole theatre of active operations betwech the national and rebel armies. This thestro is # comparatively circumscribed one. Its whole arca is not equal to the ares of any one of the States lately claimed by the confederacy. The war is now really confined to this narrow thea- tre. No one can pretend tuat sny operations likely to be carried on oniside of it can have any effect on the result of the great struggle. When we consider how widely extensive the theatre of war was but a few months ago, we may see in this onc fact how vast are the strides of the national power towards the final triumph Carthage, Rome and the “Monroe Doo- trine”=—Theory of the Orbits of Power. That history is continually repeating itself is not # remarkably new observation; but it is one the truth of which is so continually forced upon us that again and again it rises to our lips or trickles from our pen as if spontaneously. “What has been shall be, and what is has been,” may be taken as a summary of the entire his- tory of the earth, both in its past and in its prophetic applications. The same causes ope- rating upon similar nations invariably produce like results; and if the Emperor of the French, in place of writing books about Julius Cesar, | would only condescend to study ¢he history and results of the three Punic wars, he might learn from the fate of Carthage in that struggle a les son of unspeakable value at the present time to the prospects of his dynasty. The Roman commonwealth, like our own, had established a regulag “Monroe doctrine” for all the islands and lands adjacent to it, and indeed for its own or the European side of the Mediterranean. It had its own orbit of power, and was content that Carthage should sway the destinies of Africa, and be its great commercial rival on the seas ; but as to allowing Carthage, or any other Power, to come as a disturbing element within its own sphere of political ac- tion, or to meddle with the affairs either of Italy ing all those who have voluntarily participated in the rebellion. or the dependencies of the Italian Peninsula, or to cross the Mediterranean and establish ascen- Two Reset Letrens.—We publish this morn | dancy in any of the counties on the European ing two rebel letters—one in regard to the char- | side adjoining Rome, “Why that,” said the acter of the rebel General Winder and the other | Conscript Fathers, very gravely—“ that would in regard to the distress of Belle Boyd. The be an infringement of our ‘ Monroe doctrine ;’ writers of these letters have no claim whatever | and we hereby pledge our lives, our honors and upon our space and courtesy; but we print | our sacred fortunes, that we will give our last their communications because we do not wish | man and oor last dollar rather than submit to to seem unfair, even to rebels, General Winder | any such intermeddling.” may have been all that his brother’s fancy | This resolution of the Roman Senate was paints him; but our prisoners have s word to | doubtless forwarded with all due formalities to” say upon that pofut, and wo prefer to take their | the Carthagenian “Gerusia,” or Council of testimony. He may have boen free from small | State; but the “Gerusians” committed the very personal vices; but he was a traitor and a | egregious blunder of believing that the Sena- cruel, tyrannical jailor, As for Belle Boyd, we | tors of the Seven Hilled City were only “talk- are glad to hear that she is so soon to be re- | ing for buncombe” in this particular declara- Jieved from her distress in a pecuniary point of tion. They did not, or could not, realize that view. We think that her husband, Mr. Har- | the “Monroe doctrine” of those days lay at the dinge—who left our navy to marry the fair | very roots of the Roman character; and that, rebel and serve Joff. Davis—oscapod very | no matter how long its professors might be cheaply with a fow months’ imprisonment, He | compelled by domestic trouble or rebellion to ought to have been punished much more've- | hold itin subordination and keep it out of sight, verely. tho vory moment ther could attain ovape and ability to realize. ‘The second Punic’ war, commenced at Sagunium, lasted for sixteen years, with varying fortunes—two of the great- est generals the world has ever seen, Hannibal, on behalf of the “Carthagenians and conquest,” und Scipio Africanus, shouting the battle cry of “Rome and the Monroe doctrine,” being op- posed to each other up to the battle of Zama, in which the cohorts of the “Gerusians” went heavily to the ground. Carthage was then stripped of all her navy, except ten triremes, or first class vessels of war; was deprived of every inch of her forcign territory, and was compelled to pay a heavy tribute for some years towards defraying the expenses of her conqueror. Tho third Punic war was short, sharp and decisive. The “Gerusians” of Carthage appar- ently could not or would not learn wisdom from the past, but still kept intermeddling at every opportunity with affairs and with terri- tories which clearly foll within the orbit or grand circle of the progress of the Roman Em- pire. At longth went forth the dread decree, Carthago delenda esi, or Carthage is to be blot- ted out—an order terribly and brutally cxe- cuted by Major General Scipio Amilianus on behalf of the Romans, tho walls and houses of the city being razed to their very founda- tions, and all of Africa that once owned the sway of Carthage becoming thencejorth an- noxed a8 8 Roman province. Such was the fate, in ancient times, of the country which would not respect the “Monroe doctrine” of a growing and powerful republic—that doctrine, in a word, which forbids any foreign Power to inirude itself within the orbit of another, if it be wished to avoid collisions. In these days of steam the Atlantic is no more to our navies than was the Mediterranean to the galleys and triremes of the ancient Pani and Quiriles of Africaand Italy. The so-called “Monroe docirine” is not a new-fangled Ameri- can discovery or claim, but an eternal princi- ple ossential to the preservation of peace be- tween all progressive nations, We must,atany cost, keep the orbit through which our star of empire has to move, free from all foreign ob- structions or interference. With peace re-estab- lished at home, we shall need employment for several hundred thousand soldiers, drawn from both armies, who have accepted the military calling as the profession of their lives. We cannot with honor, and we cannot with safety, permit the erection of # vast French colony on our Southern frontier—for to that Maximilian’s empire amounts and to nothing more—and it is now for the French Emperor to say, knowing how unstable in France are the elements be- neath his throne, whether he will challenge us to a modern Punic war, in which will inevitably go forth the decreo—not, indeed, that Paris is to be blotted out and France annexed—that the Napoleonic dynasty shall be suppressed and kicked into obscurity as common disturb- ers of the peace of the human family, and of the grand imperial orbit of the “ manifest des- tiny” of these United States. Crosm or THe Winter Season.—In another part of to-day’s paper we publish some short notices of winter amusements announced to come off during this month and the first ofnext. The closing season has indeed been a brilliant one, and now we are fast drifting into spring, when the ladies will be delighted with fresh flowers, delicate perfumes, and more expensive fishions. 80 much for New Yonk. One excitement only passes away to make room for another. One @ay season scarcely begins to pear before wo begin to prepare for the next, that is gayor still. On the 4th of March we shall have the inauguration of a new Presidency with an old President. That will bea great day in more ways than ono; for, by common consent, the people, from Maine to California, will unite in celebrating our decisive victories by land and son. We shall then begin a new course of pros notite. with a pew govarnmant. a now Con gress, an almost new Cabinet, and new ideas worthy of our great nation. Among thése spring fashtons are most important mysteries are enveloped in the Broadway mag- azines it would be treason for us to say at present; but we may mention that all kinds of novelties are in store for our fair ladies and brave men. Let us, then, close up the winter gentle spring with its flowers and fashions, With the grand inauguration ball to take place in the city of Washington on the 4th of March the new season will be fairly ushered into ex- istence, and then for all the enjoyment and beauty of the spring segson. Our Colleges from a Pious Point of View. The Independent is a very peculiar paper. It mingles piety with prices current and patent medicines, It informs its readers of the state of the Church and the stook markets. It treats both of religious and petroleum speculations. It warns against sin and advertises the reme- dies for those nameless diseases which are the general results of sin. The osndidates for Heaven and the candidates of the republican party receive equal attention in its columns. It carries. its politics into its religion, although we have seen no evidences of its roligion in its politica. It teaches how to lay up treasures on earth, and once in a while hints that treasures above are a pretty good permanent invest- ment. It worships an ol called the negro, and another idol called mammon; but it keeps up a connection with the Congregational Church, because sucha connection is found to pay very well. Its loyalty, like its religion, is of the shoddy stripe, and its editors and pro- prietors are not averse to fat offices either in the Church or under the present administra- tion. From this curious paper we copy the following report of the RELIGIOUS CONDITION OF COLLEGES. Q SESE § Colle & $] 5] ‘ Religit o i aes al el Su Amherst College, Mass. 66) 24)Good dezree prosperity. *Bowdoin Col., Maine..} 130] 43, 15, 4) = — *Brown Univ., RB. I....| 202] 102] —|—| — *Colloge of New Jersey.| 225| 110] 60] 4) — Darimouth Col., N. H..| 183; 46) 10) 10]Interost ear- ly in year, Dickinson College, Pa...| 125 45] 12) —|steady, ear- nest feel- ing among Christians, *Gonosee College, N. ¥.| 114] 76 — Hamilton Coliego, N. ¥.] 187] 88| 35] 4|“‘Hopefal, if not encou: raging” Harvard Univ., Mass...| 385| 100f —| —|Somo hope. ful tokens. ‘*Jettorson CollogY; Pa, ..| 130 ssl 45] 1 = *Madison Univ., N. Y,.| 1 69] = Middlebury College, Vt.| 66] 25) 16) More than usual int, after the Coll: fast, Pennsylvania Col., Pa...| 114] 63} 40] 4|“Groat want of spirita- ality.” Rutgors College, N. J... “ 38] 88] 4|No special ; interest. Union College, N’ ¥....| 186! 40] 23] —[No unusual focling. Univ. at Lewisburg, Pa.y 75] 30, 24] 3)Considerible intorest. Univ. of New York 95] 30| 10] 5|Int. and full of promise Univ, of Pennsylvania, .| 110] 14] _5]Kncouraging Univ. of Rochester,N.¥:! 104) 71] 30] 1 = Washington College, Pa.| 92| 81 26) 3{Rovival in progress. Wesleyan Univ., Conn,.| 112| 97] 37] 2] — Williams Collogé, Mass..! 137) 102| 25] 44/A_— broad, and, as we trust, gon- ine’ work | of grace.” Yale College, Conn.....) 465] 126) —| —\“Groat nood | of awaken- \ ing.” Total, '64, 23 colleges. |3671|1609] 584] 149] ‘Total, °68, 26 colleges. 1382511764! 654|102 *:tatiatics for 1863, These colleges failed to answer the circular of inquiry ag to their religious condition for the yeur, in season for publication. It will be noticed that the above statement is arranged in tabular form, with comments, like « page of an almanac. This suggests that the report is the result of careful observations of some pious barometer or Christian thermome- ter. Indeed, had the terms usually applied to the weather and the thermometer been used in this connection, the table might have been somewhat simplified. For example, the word “warm” would have answered much better than the phrase “ hopeful, if not encouraging ;”” “fover heat’ would have been synonymous with “ interesting and full of promise ;” “below zero” is more to the point than “ great need of awakening ;’’ and “lukewarm” is expressive of “no special interest.” By employing the vari- ous degrees marked upon the thermometer every shade of fecling could have been accu- rately described. We should have been able to compare a college at thirty degrees above zero with one at twelve, and the students would have been thus stimulated to warm up and keep the pot boiling, s0 as to rise in grace and in the record of the Independent. We throw out this idea for the future guidance of the com- piler of this report, and earnestly commend it to his attention. Nor shall we think our time, space and trouble spent in vain if we can thus introduce a new religious phraseology and supersede the pious slang terms which have been so long in use among otherwise Christian people. Upon reviewing this report we discover that the colleges are about equally divided upon the question of piety. Columbia College, of this city, must be at the freezing point, since the In- dependent declines to put itupon record. Some of the Western colleges, of which nobody ever hears, make a good show in this almanac; but we are afraidAhat the number of their students is go limited that a one horse wagon would carry the whole lot of undergraduates. Amberst College is marked “good degree of prosperity,” which is equivalent to “temperate.” Bowdoin and Brown are left blank, which means so far below zero that the mercury freezes. In Dick- inson College there is a “steady, earnest fecling among Christians,” from which we infer that there is an unsteady, undecided feeling among sinners, and so mark it “blood heat.” Middle- bury reports “more than usual interest after the Coll. fast.” If we interpret “Coll. fast” to mean “Colloge fast,” we get at the cause of the unusual interest. Nothing brings a man to a devotional frame of mind sooner than going without meals and being prayed at dur- ing starvation. The strongest constitutions give way under this treatment, proferring “the bread of life” to no bread at alk Pennsylvania has a “great want of spirituality,” although we will warrant there is no great want of spirits. Rutgers has “no special interest” either in reli- gion or anything elve. Washington College has reached “the boiling point,” for it has “a revi- yal in progress.” Yale College, the best in the country, has “great need of awakening,” the stadents being in the habit of subscribing to papers of s very different tone from the Inde- pendent, and of playing cards and irreligious trlgks wwon thelr vigqua arofesor. Out of Our National Finances—The New Score. tary of the Treasury. It is now pretty generally understood that Mr, Hugh McCulloch, the prasent Comptroller of the National Currency, has been invited by the President to take the important position of manager-in-chief of the finanve department of the United States, after the 4th of March ensuing. In order that the people generally may, td some extent, be made better acquainted in advance with his financial views and opim- ions, we have quoted freely from his reports, ashead of the National Currency Bureau, and from his letters of instruction to the national banks, all of which will be found in another part of this day’s Henatp, Mr.MoCulloch wilt carry with him into the position he is about te assume the best wishes of a large majority of the American people; but whether he will be equal to the task that will devolve upon him, which few may doubt, is nevertheless a prob Jem which time only can solve, Since the commencement of the present war the country has found no difficulty in procuring men of all the necessary grades to fight its bat- tles; nor has It evor experienced the least dis- tress from a lack of the required support whioh a loyal and Union-loving people could render, The only danger which has threatened us, and the only uneasiness which has been evinced by the public, have grown.out of the bungling mannee in which our financial affairs have been mam aged from the breaking out of the rebellion te the present time. It is true that Mr. McCulloch has been ina measure mixed up with the policy and practices of those who, it is almost certain, will soon stand in the position of his immediate predecessors; but it must be borne in mind that he was subordinate to both Mr. Chase and Mr. Fessenden, and should not, therefore, be held in any way responsible for the acts of either of those two incompetent officials. He will, as evidences indicate, in a few days be come himself the responsible head of the Treasury Department, and he will then have an opportunity to carry out his own views and policy, which, as will be seen from the extraota to which we have referred, differ widely im some respects from the policy and practice of the department for the last four years, We are in clined to the belief that when fairly and firmly seated in his new position he will be the Seore- tary de facto, and that he will not be made a tool of by those who surround him. We hope so. He is not a politician in the general sense, but was brought up in the school offinance. He is a strong advoonte, we might say the champion, of the national bank system, which he at ono time opposed; but he is not in favor of imposing any onerous burdens upon the State banks in order to foster the new ones. He desires rather that the old institutions should, through enabling acts like that of Pennsylvania, and similar to the one which has just passed the Assembly of this State, organize under the new law, and by gradual conversions to ultimately become ab- sorbed in the new national system. He favors, we believe, a heavy tax upon the resources of the country in order to carry on the war and to provide for the payment of the interest on the government bonds, which tax, after the restoration of peace, should not, he thinks, be abated until the national debt is in o great measure extinguished. In relation to the country issuing its owa notes as a permanent circulating medium, he says:—“No more dangerous, no more corrup> ing power could be lodged in the hands of the party in possession of the government, and none more perilous to official probity and free elections.” There are few, we think, who are not moved by the corrupt influences of politi- cal organizations, that will dissent from the opinion so boldly expressed. Paper money generally, Mr. McCulloch thinks, should be convertible into coin, not only when there is ne demand for specie, but also at times when it is most needed. “It should not,’ he says, “on the one hand, by being overissued, encourage extravagance and speculation, and give” (as at present) “an unreliable valuation to property; nor on the other hand, by being reduced below the proper standard, interrupt business and unsettle values.” He recommends the banks to prepare for @ return to specie payments, which is an indication that he will exercise his power to place the government on the same track. He anticipates at no distant day an up- heaving in financial affairs unparalelled in the history of nations. In reference to which he says:—“Fortanate will the country be if the war can be closed and prices reduced to former standards without a collapse, which will as greatly excel in the extent of its disaster that which occurred at the close of the Inst war with England as the present war excels thet im costliness and magnitude.” We recommend all to redd the extracts we have given, and measure thereby for them selves the probable qualifications of the new Secretary of the Treasury. THE WAR IN THE SOUTHWEST. Mxurms, Feb, 24., via Caso, Feb. 26, 1968. ‘The Bulletin of this morning says that the rebel leaders have lately issued orders to have all the dotachments of their troops in West Tennessee, together with such com eoripts as they have gathered, sent South without delay, ‘We have reason to believe that a large portion of tha rebel forces lately about Memphis have already gone. ‘Their destination is said to be Mobile. ‘The raid into Arkansas develops the fact that meh suffering exists from the scarcity of food, Camo, Feb. 26, 1968, ‘Tho stoamer Liberty and Belle of St. Louis, from Mem phis, have passed up with three hundred and thirteos bales of cotton for Evansville, The latter had seventy. one bales for St. Louis. A Vicksburg correspondent says :— Deverters from Dick Taylor's army declare there is ne intention on the part of the rebel authorities to abandom Mobile; that that city always has been the depot of arma and military material of all kinds, and that the cannon and supplies recently taken to Selina formed no part of the armament and stores intended for the use of Mobile The rebels believe Selina will be assailed soon, and are trying to put it in a good defensive condition without weakening Mobile. ‘The same correspondent says:— ‘The report that Forrest has twenty-five thousand mem under him is dhtrue, He has not over two thousand, Dick Taylor and Forrest together cannot muster twenty- five thousand. It is conjectured that one or two corps which recently left Columbus, Miss., have gono to Mobile, Three fron-clads have been ‘stationed at the mouth of the Red river to frustrate any raid on that stream. Tt te romored that Brigadier Genoral Meredith has boom reinstated. Orrhyad. om rowle tg Sh ra ‘ale,