The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1865, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFIOE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS cash in advance, Money sent by mail will be 9 the risk of the sender, None but bank bills current in SNow York taken. ‘THE DAILY HERALD, Fovr cents per copy. Annual @ubecription price $14. {THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at Fivs ents per copy. Annual subscription price:— — --— AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—O'Nxat tHe Great— Lorrery ‘Iicuns—Pavt Jonxs. 4 MIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway.—Tux Saamnoce. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.—Tae Live In- i—PKoPLE's Lawrex. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.—Haxuer. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Sxcarrs Worn rowing. OLYMPIO THEATRE, Broadway.—Tax Streets or New Yous. re a ee ae NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —Mazerra—Hanp- 0mx Jack—My Ory Wirk anv YounG UmBRELLa. BARNUM’S MUSEUM, Broadwa: foMKN—LIVING Sk¥1.eTON—DwaRr—! 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New York, Wednesd: THE SITUATION. ‘The prominent feature of the news from the James Tiver is contained in the despatches of our correspondents otalling the particulars of the relinquishment, by order Of the Prosident, of the command of the Army of the James by General Butler, and the assumption of the Position temporarily by General Ord. General Butler received the order at about half-past eleven o'clock on fast Sunday forenoon, and before three o'clock on the efternoon of that day ho had made all his farewell preparations, turned over the army to his successor, and taken his departure for the North. Our Shenandoah valley correspondence represents that the inhabitants are suffering from a scarcity of food, and the rebel troops, who are quartered upon them, render their condition still more deplorable. No now active mallitary operations of importance have taken placo in the valley. Our correspondence from Springfield, Missouri, states that the Union garrisons have been withdrawn from all the posts south of that placo as far as Fort Smith, Arkan- gas, by order of General Canby. Aparty of about sixteen hundred Indians made an attack on Julesburg, Colorado Territory, on last Saturday, robbed the overland mail and express, dispersed a mulo train, dostroyed the stage station anda large amount of the telegraph material, and killed nineteen soldiers and Citizens. A severe fight took place between the Indians ‘and the troops, the latter numbering altogether less thau | ® hundred; but the former were finally driven off, with the loss of their chief and twenty-four others killed. Their design was to massacre all the whites in the settle- meat, In consequence of applications of merchants of this city for permission to resume trade with Savannah by shipping goods to that place, Secragary of the Treasury Fessenden has instructed our Custom House authorities to give no clearances for that port on private account for the present without special authority in each ease from the Treasury Department, This has already beon granted ina few cases. Collector Draper, who has gone to Sayan nah to take charge of the captured cotton and rice, has taken with bim a full and efficient corps of as- sistants, and is clothed by the government with the most ample powor for prosecuting his important mission. The enforcement of the passport system has nearly put an end to the travel of Americans in Canada, The passenger treins on both the Grand Tronk and Great Western railroads are now running nearly empty west of Toronto, Guards of United States soldiers are to be sta- tioned at Rouse’s Point and Moer’s Junction, to see that the passport regulations are strictly complied with. Included in the contents of recent rebei newspapers is an interosting and detailed narrative of the late Union raid of Generals Stoneman, Burbridge and Gillem in Kast Tonncsseo and Wost Virginia, so damaging to the enemy in the destruction of the salt and lead works and a vast amount of other property. Though an effort is made to represent the extent of the injury as much less than ft really is, the writer cannot avoid acknowledging that tt was very great, nnd derives some consolation from the fact that, as the Yankees have now done all the harm in that region of which they are capable, some rest for the rebel troops may be hoped for. The rebel Senate on the 6th inst. adopted a resolution of thanks to their Indian allies of the Cherokee Nation, The Richmond edi- tors are still indulging in glorifications over the failure of tho expedition against the Wilmington defences. Mosby {a said to be still alive and ina place of security, and his early recovery is anticipated. Inthe sharp discussion now going on betweon the robei nowspapers, in which Joff. Davis’ moddling is charged aa the canse of all their recent disasters, some of them, im his defence, apsail Genoral Lee as the Marpiot. CONGRESS, In the Senate yesterday « bill was introduced for tho better organization of the pay department of the navy, Mr. Wilson introduced a resolution, which was adopted, Calling upon the Adjutant General for a list of the names of the requiar and volunteer major generals and brigadive gencrals in the army on the Ist of January, 1465, and whore and how they are employed. A bill was introduced and referred to the Military Committeo to repeal the act to authorize recruiting for the United States Army in tho rebel States. Mr. Saulsbury presented @ resolution di Fecting the Socretary of War to inform the Senate under what authority he called into the public service volun teors for thirty and ninety days; but objection was mado to the resolution, and it lies over. The Finance Committee reported the House bill to supply deficiencies fn last year's appropriations, which was passed. Mr. Wilson introduced a bill authorizing the appoint gent of a Second Assistant Secretary of War, which was weferred to the Military Committee. The Senate then ‘went into executive reasion and soon after adjourned. ba bee Mouse Mr, Keroas offered @ covlution, which NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY ll, 1865. ~ LCCC H was agreed to, directing the Committee on Military Af- fairs to inquire into and report what legislation is neces- sary to secure to persons arrested and imprisoned by the military authorities prompt examination into the cause of their arrest, and their discharge if there ia no cause for their detention, and ® speedy trial to those who are detained for cause. The House then resumed the con- sideration of the joint resolution proposing an amend- ment to the constitution by abolishing slavery. The re- mainder of the session was devoted to this subject, No vote was reached when the House adjourned. * THE LEGISLATURE. In the State Senate yesterday notice was given of bills to provide for the regulation and government of the Cen- tral Park, New York; toamend the Tax law; to incorpo- rate the Studio Building Association, New York, and to extend the Second Avenue Railroad. Bills were intro- duced to provide a parade ground for the military of New York; fixing the salary of the members of the New York Common Council at twenty-five hundred dollars per an- num; to provide means of relief for disabled soldiers of the State in the service, and for the appointment of five commissioners of appeals. Resolutions were introduced and adopted requiring county treasurers to report to the Military Statistical Bureau the amounts of money ex- pended in their respective counties for bounties and en- listment purposes; requesting the President to waive all non-essential questions, and direet a prompt exchange of prisoners upon equitable terms; also appointing a com- mittee to investigate the affairs of the several departments of the New York city government. Progress was re- ported on the bill providing for a special State bounty to volunteers, in lieu of all local bounties, and it was re- ferred to a select committee and made the special order for to-morrow evening. In the Assembly, after the appointment of the several standing committees, notice was given of bills to amend the Brooklyn water act; incorporating the New York Sharpehooters’ Club; to regulate the sale of leaf tobacco; to limit appeals to the Court of Appeals; to incorporate the National Loan and Insurance Company; to amend the charter of the Grand Hotel Company, of New York; to incorporate the Army and Navy Savings Bank, New York; autuorizing the consolidation of the Hudson River and Harlem Railroad Companies; amending the charter of the Manhattan Fire Insurance Company and to authorize the Second Avenue Railroad Company to lay a new track. Bills were introduced relative to the pay- ment of officers and clerks in the various departments of the New York city government, and for a railroad in Eleventh avenue. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. ‘The Board of Supervisors adopted an ordinance yes- terday authorizing the raising of two million dollars, instead of four, for the payment of bounties to recruits credited on the quota of the county, subject to the approval of the Legislature. The Comptroller, in a communication to the Board, suggested the above action on their part. Supervisor Blunt has returned to the city from Washington, having had a very satisfactor conference with the War Department. He thinks that ‘we will be allowed credits for all naval enlistments on our quota of the President's last call for three hundred thou- sand additional troops. Our Havana correspondence gives additional evidence that the Spaniards are making very little if any progress in their efforts to bring the people of St. Domingo under theirrule. Itis said that the general opinion of the Spanish officers is that the attempt to subdue the Domini- cans should be abandoned. The New York Sanitary and Chemical Compost Com- pany, in their communication sont to the Mayor, Comuptrol- ler and City Inspector on Monday, as noticed in yester- day's Hera, propore to clean our city streets for the sum of three hundred thousand dollars per annum. The officers and crew of the steamer Knickerbocker, wrecked in Chesapeake bay on last Friday, were not drowned, as supposed, all of thea being rescued by the gunboat Mercury. Charles Windsor, the alleged defaulting teller of the Mercantile Bank of this city, who was recently arrested in London, England, is to appear for examination in the Court of Queen’s Bench, in that city, to-morrow; after which, if a case against him should be made out, the papers necessary for bis extradition will be granted by the English authorities, and he will be brought hither for trial. ‘The trial of Ira Garadier, alias Weed, for passing a forged check for twenty-five thousand dollars at the Bank of Commerce, in payment for seven and three-tenths govern- ment bonds, came off yesterday in the Court of Oyor and Terminer, before Judge Barnard. The testimony was exceedingly interesting. The jury, after due delibera- tion, rendered a verdict of guilty, with a recommenda- tion to mercy. The Court sentenced the prisoner to three years and eight months confinement in the State Prison. In the case of Morgan vs. Peabody & Co., where the plaintiff sued to recover thirty thousand dollars damages in peta. of the defendants’ selling three hundred shares of Quicksilver Mining Company stock without au- thority, the jury brought in a verdict yesterday against the defendants, assessing the damages atone thousand dotlars, which was just the amount of the margin de posited by the plaintif, The annual report of the United States Internal Reve nue Assessor for the Third Congressional district of this State (Brooklyn) shows that the total amount assessed for the flecal year ending in last May was over three millions of dollars, nearly all of which has been paid up. The total amount paid for taxes on incomes aloue was over seven hundred thousand dollars. Two youths, aged respectively sixteen and eighteen years, named Thomas Hayes and James McMahon, were yesterday locked up, in default of one thousand dollars Dail each, charged with picking silver watches from the pockets of two gentlemen, the former in an Eighth ave nue car and the latter in Barnum's Museum. A young woman, named Mary Hardy, twenty-five years of age, was yosterday committed to the Tombs on the charge of steuling one hundred and twenty dollars’ worth of furs from a store ia Broadway while pretending to make purchases. Josophine Woods was yosterday required to give five hundred dollars bail to answer the complaint of keeping a disorderly house in Eighth avenue. Our new Board of Goroners organized yesterday by electing Coroner Gamble President, and Coroner Gover Secretary. Their office will be kept open during the win- ter, excepting on Sundays and holidays, from eight o'clock in the morning till four in the evening, and fo the summer from seven till four. Yesterday closed the eighteenth day of the Opdyke and Weed great libel cage. Mr. Field having concluded his summing up on behalf of the plaintiff, Judge Mason pro ceeded to charge the jury. This occupied the court over ‘an hour and a half, the Judge giving @ very thorough and lucid exposition of the whole of the case, with clear in- torpretations of the law of libel. At the close he tn- structed the jury, ip case of their agreeing on a verdict, to render a sealed one, retire to their homes, and bring it into court this morning. The court was crowded through- out the day, and it waa with difficulty that the oflicers maintained order whon at last the case was given to the final decision of the jury. Collector Draper hag recently iasued stringent regula. tions for the government of the bonded warolhouse watch. men and Custom Honse cartmen in this city, and they are to be held to a strict accountability for compliance with the same Major Generals Hancock, Dix and Butterfield, Brigadier Generals Haya and Hunt, Colonel Frank Howe and other distinguished military gentlemen were serenaded in this city on Monday evening by the baad of the First brigade, Third division, Fifteenth army corps, the members of which have recently boen to thoir homes in Wisconsin on furlough, and are now on their way 40 rejoin General Sherman's army, The skating again camo to @ sudden termination you terday, Rain fell during a great portion of the day, which, with the mild temperature and consequent thaw- ing, gave uaa retura ef muddy and slushy stroets. . The Grand Jury brought » large batch of indictments in the Court of General Sessions yesterday, to which the Prisoners, on being arraigned, pleaded not guilty and wore remanded for trial. Wm, Johnson and George EB. Jones pleaded guilty to picking the pocket of Mr. John FE. Oryoer and stealing a gold watch and chain worth ono hundred and thirty dollara, on the 90th of December, while he was going into @ car on the Harlem Railroad. The watch was found by the officer in @ sewor, & gentioman having seen Jones throw it away while he was boing pursued. Judgo Russel sent each of them to the State Prison for threo years and six months, romarking that he would punish the pickpockets who were committing their deprodations on railroad cara and public conveyances with severity. Lewis 8, Barry, against whom were four complaints, pleaded guilty to an indictmont charging hint with stealing two fron cables, worth four hundred dollars, the property of Ienac Hall, of 24 Broad sircet. He was nent to the State Prison for two yoars and six months. Thomas H. Harris, tadicted for stealing © eortemonnele cvataming twelve dollars from Margaret MoGuire, in an Eighth Year's night Mr. James E. Walsoy, of No, 4 Abingdon equare, caught the prisoner attempting to enter his front door, and when chased by the he threw officer away key. John Berriman, James MoGivon and Luke O'Neil pleaded guilty to perpetrating an assault and battery upon Cornelius 8. Quimby on the 26th of No- vember, All these prisoners wore remanded for sen- tence. Colonel! Julian Allen, who was appointed by the Mayor of Savannah, with the concurrence of General Sherman, agent to negotiate in New York for supplies of provi- sfons for the needy poor of the former city, has addressed a letter to the President of our Chamber of Commerce, in which he complains of what he considers the unkind remarks of some of its members regarding himself and his mission. He says that he did not come hither to bog for the required supplies, but is authorised and prepared to pay for them in shipments of rice, and that he only went before the Chamber to present to them his mission at the solicitation of members of that body. Colonel Allen will address the merchants at the Produce Ex- change at half-past twelve o'clock to-day. The stock market was dull and drooping till late in the afternoon yesterday. Government securities were firm. Gold was heavy, and closed at 22354. ‘The fall in gold had the effect of depressing the mar- kets for domestic produce yesterday, and occasioned some decline in prices. Imported goods were quiet, but without decided change. On ’Change the flour market was unusually active, and prices fell off fully 5c. Wheat ‘was inactive, and lower, though prices were without de- cided change. Corn was scarce and firm, while oats were without material change in value, the market being quiet. Pork was dull and lower, while beef was steady, with a moderate demand. Lard was steady in price, but quiet. Freights dull and heavy. Whiskey .more active, and firmer. The market for beef cattle presented no new features this week. The supply was moderate; but the offerings were poorer, while the weather was unfavorable, which facts counterbalanced the small receipts. Had the weather been favorable and the cattle as good as usual an advance would have been assured. Prices varied from 93<c. to 18e. a 20c., with some sales at more extreme figures. Most of the cattle sold at from 18c. to 18c, Milch cows were quiet. Veals wore steady, with a fair demand at last week’s figures. Sheep and lambs were in good demand at improved prices. Hogs were also in good demand, and prices were a shade higher. The total re- ceipta were 5,046 beeves, 80 cows, 693 veals, 14,930 sheep and lambs, and 12,711 hogs. Opposition to the Rebei Government in Virginia, North Caroli South Caro- lina, Georgia, Alabama and Missis- sippi. Mr. Secretary Stanton is on his way to Savannah, the recently liberated metropolitan city of the Empire State of the South. It is thought that there are some other objects in Mr. Stanton’s visit besides those that have been so ostensibly given out. It is thought that General Sherman, in his recent march, saw enough to convince him that if any person who would be readily recognized as one in authority— one whose acts might be considered official— would confer on the spot with ths Georgia State authorities, an arrangement might be made by which Georgia would once more be within the Union. Whatever the real purpose of Mr. Stanton’s visit may be, an official charac- ter has been given to it. by the order in which it was announced. At the same time Mr. Francis P. Blair has returned to City Point on his way to the rebel capital. It will be remembered that this gentleman made the same journey some time since in the attempt to approach the rebel authorities as a self-consti- tuted peace maker. He was then delayed some days waiting for the necessary permission to pass through the rebel lines, and returned to Washington without having received it. That permission has since been sent, and Mr. Blair may be at this very hour closeted with Jeff. Davis. Many circumstances indicate that the South- ern people are disposed to consider the subject of peace with decided favor. Foremost in the number of these circumstances is the fact that they find the theories upon which they endeav- ored to base a new government absurdly im- practicable. This discovery has caused the most wide-spread disappointment in all classes, and a not less wide-spread discontent with their present condition. This discontent finds ex- pression in all ways—it stimulates the resist- ance to central authority, and it assails Jeff. Davis with the most intense bitterness, as the embodiment of the idea that has proved such a signal failure. Hence the invectives of the Richmond press. Day after day the Zeaminer and Whig, of that city, pour forth the most virulent tirades against the rebel President. They ridicule bis measures and his men, and advocate that his powers shall be given to another. In the words of the Richmond Sen- tinel, “They tell the people hourly that the President is weak, obstinate and capricions, and is advised by imbeciles.” On the other hand the supporters of Davis, taking up the quarrel, denounce these denouncers as “emi- nently dangerous” men; as “factious, ill- affected and treacherous;” as “malcontents, traducers, friends of the North in disguise, and sickly, timid, apprehensive men.” But, who- ever gets the best of the denunciation, the fact remains that there is a bitter quarrel raging between the friends and opponents of the head man of the rebels in the very capital of all the rebel States, and that in this quarrel the oppo- nents of that head man have “succeeded in some degree in destroying confidence in the wisdom and efficiency” of his measures, This is the state of the case in Virginia, and there is a similar want of harmony and an equally bitter opposition to the central govern- ment of the rebellion in every State on this side the Mississippi that the rebels care to claim—in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. North Carolina has travelled in the rebel system with more or less oscillation from the first. On many points she has never been a perfectly atraight out rebel; but now the hostility to the rebel government is open and distinct. Reso- lutions have been reported upon favorably in the Legislature of that State which denounce the favorite Davis measure of suspension of the habeas corpus, as an attempt “to de- stroy the last vestige of freedom,’ and which advocate “separate State negotiations for poace.” It has been argued in the same Legislature that the “time had come when the laws of nature required that there should be a new revolution.” Mr. Carter, who starts this idea, is described by his opponents as © “man of influence, intelligence and courage”—so the opposition comes from a good representative man, who may be supposed to really utter the sentiments of the staunch people of the old North State. South Carolina, through Mr. Boyce, arraigned Davis as the worst of all despots, and declared that the tyranny of his government was worse than any tyranny that the South had ever felt before. Alabama and Mississippi are still in the midst of bitter controversies with Richmond, which grow out of tho question of State sights, Gov- ernor Clark, of Mississippi, refuses to hand over his militia to the greedy rebel authorities in earch of men, and the Alabama Legislature refuses to make any provision for the defence of that State against Northern armies. But Georgia is worst ofall. Davis has always found Governor Brown, of that State, a most inconvenien$ stickler for those State rights that the rebellion was expected to secure, and Brown bas again and ag&in commended to the lips of Davis the poisoned chalice that he did his share to fill. Hence has come crimination and recrimination of the bitterest sort, Davis has openly called Brown a scoundrel, and Brown has declared Davis the sole cause of all the misfortunes of the Southern people. Geor- gia expresses its opinion that Virginia is not the whole South, and Virginia says that Georgia is only the Cherokee nation. Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President, too, helps on the Georgia opposition with his great influence. And now that the presence of our army has made an expression of sentiment possible, we see in Savannah the direct result of all this, and at Augusta a reflex of what is said at Savannah. ‘The citizens of Savannah in a public assembly have adopted resolutions of the best possible character. They give up the cause, They do not pretend that they always were Union men, but they do better. They re- cognize that they have been brought under our government by the “fortune of war,” and they tell us that “they accept the position,” and will “seek to have peace” by submission to the national authority. That moderate dignity of tone gives assurance that these men know what they say and say what they mean. In an Augusta paper the question of separate State action is revived in a new phase, in argument upon the question “Is it treasonable to secede?” How can the State rights men answer that question? When secession began every South- erner to be consistent had to argue in favor of the right of secession, and that right was con- sequently distinctly recognized in the Con- federate constitution. Now it is applied to the right of States to treat separately with the United States, and is, of course, inconsistent. If the South admits the right, it is not treasona- ble to secede, and the confederacy goes to pieces. If it denies the right, what ground does secession stand upon, and what is the use of the constitution of the Confederate States? This simple question carries to its ultimate re- sult the State rights dogma, and shows what a mere abstraction it is. Now, this universal opposition to the central power of the confederacy shows distinctly the fact that the confederacy is a failure before all the Southern people. All these oppositions are so many evidences of that failure, and are the expressions of the disgust of the people, and of their discontent with the creature whom they chose to carry out their ideas and whom they hold responsible for the failure to a great extent. In this temper it is hot strange that the people of one State are ready to treat with the national authorities; nor is it strange that Davis, accustomed to study the moods of the Southern people, is ready to confer even with the radical Blair, as‘a volunteer peace com- missioner, on the important question of a solu- tion of all our troubles. The people of the South are ready for peace and will have it; and Davis is sufficiently shrewd to see that he must make it, and to know that if he does not make it it will be made without his assistance, and will leave him out in the cold, a traitor and an exile. He will do all that he can towardsit, we may be sure. General Butler's Removal—Failure of Our Civilian General The President’s military order No. 1, for 1865, transferring General Benjamin F. Butler trom command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina to the city of Lowell, Massa- chusetts, will generally be regarded as a good beginning of the “new series.” What this order means has probably been explained in the solution of that famous order of November, 1862, transferring General McClellan from the Army of the Potomac to the interesting little city of Trenton, New Jersey. In brief, we guess that this “Order No. 1, new series, 1865,” ends the military career of General Butler. It appears that a heavy budget of complaints and grievances of various kinds had been ac- cumulating against him, when, the Fort Fisher fiasco being added to them, broke him down. Our first impressions of that extraordinary ailair are thus established as substantially correct; for the President’s action in the premises is doubtless the result of a careful scrutiny of all the facts and evidences in the case. Thus, then, another of our civilian generals goes by the board. The magnitude of the armies, move- ments and complications of this war have been altogether too much for them. Gen. Butler in the field, from Big Bethel down to Fort Fisher, has been singularly unfortunate asa military leader; but great have been his services to the government and the country, at Baltimore, at Fortreas Monroe, and in New Orleans, in the capacity of military dictator, in declaring, de- fining and enforcing the decrees deemed essential to re-establish the reign of loyalty, law and order. The remarkable energy, in- dustry, legal shrewdness, readiness and de- cision of character exhibited by Gen. Butler in regulating the turbulent secesh elements of the city of New Orleans, especially, will give him a prominent recognition by the future historians of this stupendous and monstrous war. We are, however, dealing with General Butler asa military failure. He is but one of @ considerable list of civilians who have failed in this great war as generals. General Banks, another of this school, of superior administrative abilities, has had more and larger military successes than Butler; but has suffered, on the other hand, more serious reverses, East and West. General Schenck, General Shields, Gene- tal Crittenden and General McClernand may be mentioned as other examples of the same clase, to aay nothing of the heroic but unfortu- nate General Baker, and the utterly incompe- tent General Tom Ford. Very fow, indeed, of our civilian generals in this war have been able to hold their ground; but among these few are such sterling soldiers as General Logan and General Geary. General Sickles has also done well; and General Meagher, with his fight- ing Irish brigade. But the severe scientific re- quirements of this war have been fully realized only in our generals trained to the business through a regular military education. In the Mexican war our volunteer generals were almost invariably successful. They went in for mMlitary glory and political advancement, and they came out among the great military lights of the world. Even poor Pierce, whose most conspicuous Moxican achievement was 4 fall from his horse, received the Presidency over General Scott, in securing the democratic nomination as one of the chieftains of the Mexi- can war. So with the breaking out of this re- bellion, looking at the military glory and poli- tical honors won by our volunteer generals in Mexico, a new crop of such generals sprang up and took the field; but with far different results. How are they to be explained? Very easily. The Mexican war was comparatively a ridi- culous little farce, while this is a tremendous tragedy. The losses of Hood, for example, in the single battle of Franklin, were equal to the whole army of General Taylor at Buena Vista; while Hood’s losses near Nashville, in two days, were larger in numbers than all the forces of General Scott in the Valley of Mexico. In war, too, the poor Mexicans are but little better than Indians; for in every encounterjwith our troops, regardless of numbers or positions, they were invariably beaten. In this war it is Greek against Greek, and great armies, led by scientific officers, with all the modern improvements in arms and equip- ments, arrayed against each other. Hence, as we have seen, a civilian general, competent with five or six hundred Americans to win a glorious victory over two or three thousand feeble Mexicans, signally fails when required to lead twenty or thirty thousand Americans against an equal number of their rebellious brethret in charge of our educated goldiers. Thus our distinguished volunteer generals of the Mexican war are reduced to their proper dimensions, and the snbordinate regular officers of that war, such as Brevet Captain Grant, now rise to the command of our armies. General Gideon J. Pillow was a great soldier in the Mexican war; but in this he has even more signally failed than General Butler. The Monroe Doctrine the Grand Rally- ing Point for North and South to Meet On. From time to time in the past two years we have called the attention of the country to a point upon which the people of both sections could unite, without any compromise of the dig- nity of either—a point upon which the men of the North and the men of the South could meet and join hands in the brotherhood of a glorious cause, and forget ina new and noble emula- tion all the bitterness and heartburnings of the past. And we have also pointed ont a practical channel in which the great military spirit now rife could be turned to the advantage of the country at large, and in which there would be ample employment for the armies that would be left in existence by a sudden peace. The point upon which North and South can come together is the Monroe doctrine—one of the grand ideas that the South contributed to the common greatness of the republic; and the noble argument that will give employment to our armies is the enforcement of that doctrine, on the whole extent of this continent, against England, France and Spain. Though we were at one time the only sheet to urge this we are glad to see that the policy has more advocates now, and that it seems to commend itself as the one idea of American policy for the future, to men of all parties, and to men of the most diverse views on other subjects. Democrats and republicans—the ex- tremists of the North—join hands on this ques- tion, and the Richmond editors glance at it ag a possible fact. The Albany Aflas and Argus recommends that the Southern generals should ignore entirely the bogus Richmond govern- ment, and march with our own brave men to carry out this programme; and it also recom- mends that we should treat directly with the Southern generals for thie purpose. It advo- cates this as a glorious American policy, and as the only safe plan to avoid still more dan- gerous European complications on this conti- nent than those that now menage us. This article is quoted as “the political future” by the New York Daily Times. The Tribune looks hopefully to the overthrow of the foreign power in Mexico, and expects that that nation will “soon again be a republic, ruled by her own sons, and part of a grand alliance of Awerican republics.” The Richmond Enquirer considers it not improbable that Napoleon will be startled some day by this very union of the North and South, for the avowed purpose of the enforcement of the Monroe doctrine. It thinks that even if the people retain a bitier- ness of sectional hate, the armies will fight generously side by side for this purpose. Peoples alienated as the Northern and South- ern people have been can come together again, and have done so repeatedly; but for that pur- pose they must have asa rallying point some grand common cause. This is the canse above all others for the purpose. Fighting under the same flag, the hearts of the men will once more recur to the old traditions of our nationality, and the Southerner will give vent on the enemy to the bitter spirit that every Southerner feels against the Powers that have played fast and loose with Southern interests in‘this quarrel, while the Northerner will fight in a not less fierce spirit against the nations that have added so many years to the war, and that have seized the occasion to heap so many insults on us as a people. Fighting in such a spirit, the war would consolidate our nationality and make us more really one people than ever. And what would be the effect of such a war in Europe? It would revolutionize that continent. Our suc- cess in Mexico would tumble down the imperial dynasty in France like a house of cards. Our banner on the other side the St. Lawrence would be the dawn of a new day to the English people. The British government would go into the hands of the Bright and Cobden party, and the British constitution, stunted and kept sta- tionary for centuries, would grow up to the spirit of the age ina day. The tread of our in- fantry in the island of Cuba would shake Spain to the centre. The people would be up every- where, and the old political oppressions and oppressors—the enemies of freedom every- where—would go down. Sic semper tyrannis. ‘Tas Evrecrs or ran Wan on tux Counrry.— The war has already developed this country into ® great military Power, which many of tho older nations have learned to regard with admi- ration, and some little fear. But the war will do more than this, It will give such an impetus to the development of all our resources and energies that after a very few years the United States will be the most properous manufacturing country in the world. This we think is a fore- gone conclusion. Personal Intelligence, Brigadier Genoral Do Trobriand arrived in New York on Monday evening, to visit his family, on « short leave of General A. A. Milos, United States Army, is at the St, Nicholas Hotot. Commodore United States Navy, . Ale ten, Now Verk. argon ine Astor Hou) Ot At Literary Intelligence. Brigadier Generel Morris’ work on Teotlene? which has just been brought out by Van Nostrand, is one. of the most valuable of the numerous compilations of the kind which have appeared since the commencement ef the war. Tho first volume contains the school for the soldier and company, and instructions for skirmishers and musio; the second the school of the battalion, brigade evolutions, and directions for mancuvring a @- vision and corpe d’armes, The manner in which the instructions are conveyed is entitled to the highest praise. It is divested of all superfiuities of language, and is terse, clear and easily Generel Mor- ria! work bids fair to become one of the text books of our army. Mrs. H. Dwight Williams, the wife of the Commis- sioner at Swatow, has published an interesting volume on Chinese Life and Manners, the result of her obser- vations during ber residence there. She has appended to it @ narrative of her capture and imprisonment om board the pirate Florida, when homeward bound. Hurd & Houghton are the publishers, “Wot days at Edgewood” is the title of a pleasams gossiping volume on old farmers, old gardeners and ela pastorals, by the author of “My Farm at Edgewood.” It is published by Scribner. Poo & Hitchcock, of Cincinnati, have, we see, re printed Tweedie’s “Life and Works of Eminent Mea,” 8 book for young people, which has had great popularity in England and which we are surprised has not been undertaken by some New York publisher. We have just received a copy of a Dictionary of Com- gress, compiled as a manual of reference for the legislator and statesman, by Mr. Chas. Lannan, late librarian of the House of Representatives, The book is neatly got up and contains interesting biographical sketches of all the members of both houses, The work can only be had by Application to members of Congress, who will have it fer distribution among their constituents. It will shortly be issued as a public document. The Vice Chancellor of England has just pronounced a decision giving Captain Mayne Reid six hundred and twenty-five dollars damages against the Earl of Eumex and Miss Emily Faithful, the publisher, for pirating from a work entitled “‘Croquet,”’ of which Captain Beid is the author. The first volume of Louis Napoleon’s “Life of Julius Cwsar’ will probably appear this month. The London Reader has a warm notice in praise of the second series of “Tho Biglow Papers,” which has just been republished in London. A new edition of “Lippincott’s Pronounoing Dictiona- ry”’ is announced as in preparation. The poet Tennyson {is about to iasue a selection from his works in eight monthly sixpenny parts, including two entirely new poems. ’ The Duke de la Rochefoucauld Liancourt, a descondant of the brilliant author of the “Maxims,” but himself @ miserable writer, is dead. His mame is attached to some fifteen volumes, which it would have been better for bia memory if he had never penned. The French Minister of Public Instruction has invited the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles’ Lettres to take into consideration the effect of introducing into French schools and colleges the modern Greek pronunciation im the study of the Greek Janguage. ~ The German papers announce the resignation by the celebrated chemist Liebig of his chair in the University of Munich. He goes to London to superintend the disin- fection and application to agriculture of the liquid and solid dejections of that immense city. Fine Arts. A choice collection of pictures, principally of the Dus- seldorf school, is now on exbibition at the Crayon Art Gallery, corner of Eighth street aud Broadway. It em- braces some very fine specimens by Carl Hubner d@’Unker, Lachenwitz, Moselagen, Kels, Litechauer, Lindlar, Schex, Ingenney, Von Wille, Lot, Van Franken and others. Among the most interesting features of the collection are the Caucasian landscapes, They belon; to class of pictures which is entirely new to us and which will repay the attention of the connoisseur. A sories of papers by Mr. Ruskin, entitled “Right and Wrong in Art" is announced. M. Le Comte, the historical painter, who married the sister of Horace Vernet, has obtained the Emperor's per- miasion to assume the name of his illustrious brother. in-law, aud wild henceforth be knowa as M. Vernet Le Comte, ‘The London Atheneum states that it is the intention of Mr. Holman Hunt to make a second lengthened sojoura in the East, He will probably leave England for Bagdad early in the spring, with the object of painting sacriptare subject on am unusually large scale. City Intelligence. ‘Tas Last Ovrre To Cukan Tue Sreeeta.—The following is the proposal of the New York Sanitary and Chemical Compost Manufacturing Company to clean the streets of New York for $300,000, addressed to the Mayor, Comp- troller and City Inspector :— GeniLemx—The undersigned, New York Sanitary aad Chemical Compost ManufacturingjCompany of the city of New York, respectfully offers to take the contract for cleaning the stroets ‘of said city, in accordance with the offer and specifications submitted to you by D. D. Badger, on the 4th of June, 1864, for the sum of $300,000, aa pre- vided by the act of the Legislature. D. D. BADGER, Prepident. Tonaceo Excranor.—The following despatch relating to the establishment of « tobaeco exchange in this city was received by an old established tobacco house here yesterday morning, and deserves the attention of the trade, A large meeting is expected today to organise the institution permanently :— Sr. Lous, Jan, 9, 1865. A meeting bas been held here of tobacco manufactur. ers and merchants who are strongly in favor of a tobacce exchange in New York. They passed resolutions request ing their correspondents in New York to go for it. OrGawizaTion oF Tax Boany ov Cononxra,—The Board of Coroners held a meeting at their office, No. 4 Centre street, yesterday afternoon, and organized by electing Coroner Gamble President of the Board for the next three years, and Coroner Gover Secretary. They te. solved that during the summer months the office should be kept open from even o'clock A. M. to four o'clock P. M., and in the winter from eight o'clock A. M. to four o'clock P, M., excepting Sundays and holidays, when the oflice will be closed at twelve M. New Yor« Younc Max's Cumsrian Association, —A reception at the new rooms of tho Young Men’s Christian Association waa held on Monday evening, at 161 )ifth avenue, corner of Twenty-second street. The assoviation has just removed from its old location in the Bible House to the more commodious and attractive rooms pow occu. pied, and considerable expense has been incurred ia Aitting them up, reflecting great credit upon those having the matter in charge. The reception last evening was for the purpose of drawing together the friends of the association for a few Lours of social reunion, with a view to the furtherance of its object. Nearly five hundred of the members and friends were present, including some distinguished guests, among whom wore noticed General Robert Anderson and Provost Marshal General Hays. The rooms were elegantly fitted up, the walls on three sides belug covered with Beautiful nt ings by our first artists, prominent among which was the inagnificent painting by Bierstadt of Mount Hood, peak in the Rocky Mountains. This is the last work of Bierstadt, and has never beforo been on ex! tion except in his studio, It is twelve feet long by eight wide, and is valued at $10,000. After a short t my at in admiring the paintings and in chat, prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. Ad of the Madison square Presby- terian church, after which the Rev. Dr. Crosby, the for- mer President, made a short address, reviewin, the wort the gn Ro = eet a by Lene geen for rs eartily commending it 0 pubil e fity tie young men. ‘The amateur choir of the Viadivon square church were in attendance, and enlivened the scene. William E. Dodge, Kaq., of this city, was intro duced by the President, and endorsed the object of the association, claiming for {t the support of all right minded men, jally of the merchants of this city having large numbers of clerks in their employ, whe would be influenced through it for the right. ‘The bene- fits arising from {t were incalculable and woll adapted to direct ‘and mould the young mind, leading it to choose the right and discard the enabling all to build themeeives up into men an rociety. The receptivn lasted until cleven o'clock, whea all departed, feeling much with their visit, and more than ever convinced of the importance tess of the association. A Musica Proniay.—We understand that Barnum hee on exhibition a boy, who he denominates as President Lincoln's illustration of ‘a big thing”’—Sawnee, the ma- tical contraband, known as the Human whe escaped from Winchester with Genern) Banks on his re- treat from Virginia. Bawnee possesses ventriloquiat [ntoheds of @ very extmordinary cbaracter, producing nes simijar to the flute stops in an organ, ke ing Op bass and t8nor at the same time. These sounds come from the mouth without a motion of the lips, aa -. anacen pipes, valves and keys were controlled by visible fingers; in other words, he is a living, walking musical machine. Memnxa o Pasexoans Respronina ACOmENTs ON THE Monn axp Kewx Rarnoay.—A meeting of passen- gers by the Morris and Essex Railroad was held on one of the Hoboken ferryboats on Monday morning to test against the numerous accidents occuring on route recently, and which are believed to be due to care lessness and neglect. Mr. W. J. Boebe was called to the pF =I Mr. Wm. ee To of LA appointed to ‘what stope should be taken reepedt 6 matter:—8. H. Levy, of Belleville; J. W. Orange; Wm, Plume, of Newark; R.'0. a, Orange, ead Samael , Colgaye, of Oraage >