The New York Herald Newspaper, January 8, 1865, Page 2

eke fiINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. ae Sarurpay, Jan, 7—6 P.M | ae market was steady at the tirst board, bat | elihoat spirit. The closing sales showed very light varia tions from those of yesterday's second board. Erie advanced , Kewling , Fort Wayne \, Cleveland and Pittsburg 34, Rook Island 9, Quicksilver 3;, Ghio and Mississippi certificates 4. Michigan Southern declined 34, Michigan Centrai \;, Mariposa eland and Toledo, Hudson River und Northwestern were steady Coupen five Government securities were steady. twenties were moderately active at 105% 4 Js, ten-forties 102% ; ixes, 1881, 110% a 111. At the open board at one o'clock the market was stronger, and quotations adyanced 4 a 1%. Erie closed at 844, New York Central 118%, Hudson River 113%, 117, Michigan Southern 72%, Cleveland and 9634, Rock Island 103}, Fort Wayne 101 Camberland Coal 46, Ohio aud Mississippi certificaics 3344, Quitksilver 98, Mariposa 163. Later on the street, the market was lower, and it closed heavy. Erie was quoted at 835%, Michigan Southern 78), Cleveland and Pittsburg 96%, Fort Wayne 1015, Ohicago and Northwestern 373s. The military, political and financial situations aftord jadioations of important changes soon to transpire which will, in all probability, make the next six months the most momentous period in the history of the war, ‘and therefore, with an inflated currency as the basis of the Ginanoial operations of the country, it is not unnatu- ral that capitalists and men of busineasshould be anxious. to secure themselves as much as possible from the risks of inordinate speculation or depreciation. A general, although but partial, decline of confidence in the safety 0f ordinary investments in stocks has induced many to sell thefr securities, and us the numbee of out- side buyers has not increased in the proportion of the sellors, the market has of course been unfavorably affected, and is likely to be still. more so, although the hopes of most of the brokers and those who make 4 busi- ‘ness of speculation incline in the contrary direction, and they pray fora rise, as sailors, when becalmed, some- times whistle for the wind. The great enemy of railway and miscellaneous stocks ts the government, whose securities compete with all others by the high rates of interest they offer. More- over tho people feel that the fiscal system of the country, mistaken and ruinous though it is, so fur underlies the monetary affairs of the whole com- munity that the prosperity of every financial institution and trading and carrying company in the States open to our currency is to 4 great extent dependent upon the strength of the government credit and the real value of the currency dollar. They are, therefore, quite as willing to invest in national as other securities, as the extent to which they have already done 90, and are still continuing to do so, abundantly testifies, ‘They do this as much, or more, from interest than patriot- iam; and even those who regard our financial position as most perilous do not hesitate to invest in federal bonds, but trust blindly to the future, knowing that the faith of. tho nation is pledged to the payment of the interest and their final redemption. They are keen enough also to see that the greater the future depreciation of the cur- reacy may be the larger will be the currency rate of Antéreat on their gold bonds. At every stage in the §progress of depreciation, how- ever, the government credit is impaired, and the prin- -Cipal becomes less valuable aud secure, while even the ‘payment of the interest is proportionately endangered. This exercises, of course, a corresponding effect upon ‘the market price of the securities. On the other hand, the gradual of the currency, with a view to the return to specio payments would, by imparting gTeater security to the principal, more than neutralise tho effect of the gominally reduced rate of interest. cut- culated in eurrency. ‘The people havo yet to learn that a policy of indefinite inflation, euch as that which the government has been pursuing, must, if indefinitely continued, ac- cording to the suggestion of the present Secre- tary of the ‘Treasury, when he asked ‘in hia report for unlimited power to increase our paper money issues, lead to ultimate collapse. The only remedy, therefore, for the fiscal evils which now press upon us is the substitution of a policy of contraction for that which has thus far been pursued. If we fail to make an effort to chook the evil before the disasters which it threatens are upon us, we shall then find ourselves powerless to stem the tide, and the history ef the currency to which the war of Independence gave birth, as also of the ‘ansignats which owed their origin to the French Revolu- tion, wit! not unlikely be repeated here in our own time. ‘The value of the currency is the great indicator of the state of the national credit, and it should be jealously guarded. To this ond the taxation of the country should be as hoavy as ite resources will permit, without bin- drance to industry, and the government credit, through the entire banking interest of the country, on the plan of the New York Clearing House, as we explained on a former occasion, should be made to dispense us fer as possible with the use of currency, while an organ- ized system, to be originated by the govern. ment and followed by the people, whose inter. est it ts to have it adopted, should be sim- ultaneously carried into execution for paying and re- ceiving in coin at its market price, instead of its equiva- Jent im currency. There is gold enough in the country with which this salutary change could be made; but it is probably too much to expect that either the adminis- tration or Congress will adopt any policy so radical and ‘voneficial, Nevertheless, we deem it our duty to warp the people of the dangers which lie before us, aud to urge . our legislators to prompt and vigorous wction upon this grout question of the national finances. Tho gold market was steady, and the speculative feel The money market continues activ drain westward has subsided, and a return flow may be looked for. One cause of the scarcity of currency here of late is traceable to the remittances of the government to facilitate the movements of Thomas’ army. In this way {t ia supposed that the greater portion of the legal tender notes received in payment of the last (five-twenty) loan ‘was withdrawn from the financial centres. The return flow is checked to some extent at Cincinnati by the pork paoking operations, but the funds #0 employed will be gradually disongaged, and find their way back. ‘The importations of dry goods at this port during the week ending January 4 compare vs follows with those of the week previous :— Week ending Entered for Consump' em n. e. |r sonata of wool, , of cotton, 44 Manufeotures of silk... 30 Manufactures of flax... 362 84, Mi COW seseeree Ah TOL 00. eeeeeeess O96 Withdrawals. ane of wool.. 150 ifactures of cotton 54 Manufactures of silk... 15 Manufactures of flax 50 eeceeeseeeeees 1,592 $140,150 Warehoused. Manufactures of wool, 238 $110,650 Manufactures of cotton. 60 = 21,671 Manufactures of silk... 62 16 Manufactures of flex... 260 Miacelianeous. . 83 Total cece 698 $911,480 The subscriptions to the ton forty loan, which closed hia afternoon, are larger than the receipts, since the announcement of its withdrawal led many to expect they would be; but, as we intimated would probably be the case, the hoavy subscriptions came in at the close, The total subscriptions to-day throughout the country may be estimated at twenty-five millions, allowing five millions Boston and Philadelphia, The following subscribed for thomeclves and «thers about the amounte appended to thelr names :— Virst National Bank. Ninth Natfonal Ban! Fourth National Bap! ‘Third National Bank, Bank of Commerce, . Natlounl Currency Bank Central N 1 Bank. —Ty which may be added $1,000,000 received in miscel Janeous etme at the Sab-Treasury. Thies makes a total subscription in this city of more fhan aineteen millions, The previous subseriptions dar- {ng the week aggregated throughout the country only batween two and three million’ The untaken or with #awn balance of the loan will be about fifty-five mil “ons. The fact that payment of subseriptions will be made mainly in five per cent notos, which have been ont of act roulation, Aad that this will be received ia puree equal \uilalueus ria, om Live Teh, 14th and Cis | operates againat any violent spaam fn the monoy market to which it might otherwise be exposed im ita prosent stringent state. | ‘The rate for money on call is strictly aoven por cent, and im the discount line first class commorcial paper is quoted at § a t1 per cent. Foreign exebange is quiet, as usual on steamer day Bankers’ sterling at sixty days is offered at 109}, a 100%, and at three at 110% a 110%. Merchants’ bills ary from 108 to one The shipments of spocie to-day amounted to $606,700, of which the City of Manchester took out $556,700, and the Saxonia $50,000. ‘The subscriptions to the seven-thirty loan to-day at the First National Bank amounted to $165,000. ‘The quarterly report of the First National Bank, just pub lished, shows its condition to be as follows:— Loans and discounts. . $987,648 from banks .. = 419,005 ovited with United States Treasurer . . 561,000 2,088) United States bonds on band, 38 122117}590, 785 $6,498,021 Cash on hand. .... Capital stock paid in Surplus fund ... Ciroulation . Deposits. 6,552,608 Profit and ioas .- +” 68,110—$6,488,027 A meeting of the stockholders of the Mariposa Com. pany is called for the 23d iust., for the purpose of taking iuto consideration its aifsirs. ‘The following were among the principal subseribers to the ten-forty loan, through the First National Bank :-— Samuel C. Thomp- KP. $10,000 son, President. $1,500,000 Coffin & 10,000 Clark, Dodge& Co 000 Williamsport. Firat 1,400, 12 Fisk & Hateh, ‘National Bank 000 oe Bes iS'o00 10,000 + 16,000 Zophar Mills. Wm. Bogurdus, Ino, J. Done. W. P. Sampers. 10,000 BR. J. Powers. A. Raymond. 10,000 Atlantic Bank Chas. H. Griffin, :; 10,000 The subscribers to the ten-forty loan at the Natiouat Currency Bank were :— Pennsylva Coal Co. $100,000 J.L. Spink, Cashier. 60,000 + 45,000 H. Lynde, "Esq E 1, P. Halburd , Sundry .... W. A. Woodbridge, President ........100,000 Total ........ ‘The principal subscribers through the Ninth National Bank were:— But. &Drov’s Bank$100,000 W. S. Morrell...... $25,000 Lord & Taylor. . 20,000 E. R. Smith... . 25,000 J, 50,000 Stamford Sav. Bank 12,000 10,000 D. G. Fort. ~ 10,000 10,000 Virgil Bull. + 10,000 5 10,000 H. P. Espy. «26,000 Geo. B. Spalding... 10,000 German Sav. Bank. 100,000 Kdward Lambert. ..100,000 James Merrell.. ),000 E. D. Jones... 000 Saratoga Co. Bank.. 10,000 L, & ©. H. Bull....,100,000 A. H. Hart & ~ 6,000 Henry H, Elliott ... 10,000 Stainford Bank..... 13,000 ‘William Whitty.... 6,000 F. 8. Bailey «5,000 Prescott, Wellington Edward Schell. ... ..100,000 & Wood... 7,500 E. H. Larned....... 12,000 N. D. Wendell. 5, Kiggins & Kellogg.. 7,000 First National Bank N. D. Wendell... 50,000 of West Granville, 10,000 Thos. Gross, Jr..... 15,000 Fulton Bank. 104,000 Ward & Brother « 7,000 Murray Shipio; 25,000 Wm. M. Day....... 20,000 T. B. Morgan 5,000 E. D. Jones, 20,000 George Hager. 6,000 A. D. Hope. 100,000 President North Na- Lockwood & Co. 19,000 tional Bank, Bos- H. C. Southworth. 000 ton, Maas. (50,000 H. N. Clemens. 5,000 W. P. Black. ‘The New York exports for the week ending January 3, 1865, compare as follows with former returns: — 1863. 1864. 1866. For the week $3,250,152 . 1,916,808 9,606,818 The New York imports compare as follows;— 1863, 1864. 1,826,828 407,078 1/754,869 1,878,367 General merchandise 2/236, ‘Total for the week.. $3,283, 7,081,604 Previously reported. 168,762,287 181,317,57: Since January 1..$172,076,049 184,399,268 206,167,416 ‘The Philadelphia banks reduced their specie last year $2,928,000, leaving a balance in thotr vaults of only $1,880,635. They contend that, as coin is no longer re- cognized as currency, aud is of no use to the banks in the way of business and produces no interest, itis a dead loss to carry it. The following comparative statement shows the average condition of the leading items of the Philadelphia banks for the past and previous woek:— 1,803,383 14,642,175 39,845,063 2,703,408 The following table, showing the number of railroad companies, miles of rail and cost of construction, in each State, is trom « work which is soon to be issued by Carl- ton, entitled “The Railroad and Insurance Almanac, for Coat. 1866" :— " 4 Mot “Bites ood 1,156,000 5,790,000 23,014,000 ‘4,600,000 8,628,000 29,389,000 120,417,000 iS ‘1,400,000 21,062,000 B 12,021,000 Maine. oe uw 50% 12,669,000 Maryland and Dis. of Col. & 408 22,737,000 Massachusetts. + @ 1,285 59,061,000 10 NOR 35,091,000 4 187 3,850,000 & sz 24,682,000 7 924 50,046,000 * 42 2,820 125,887,000 Ww 660 22,489,000 26 864 38,892,000 10 ORS, 19,120,000 0 4,310 1171583,000 2 19 700,000 86 3,359 170,080,000 0 053,000 Tennessee .. 4 33,533,000 Texas....... 8 16,239,000 Vermont. 9 23,852; 000 7 42;905,000 1 21,985,000 9 37,165,000 Totals oe ++ 510 38,877 — $1,261,626,000 The Pennsylvanis coal trade in 1863 and 1864 compares as follows :— Shipped in 1964, Shipped in 1863. Increase this year... or 466,067 The Pottsville (Pa.) Miner’s Journal says:— The year 1864 has been rather an eventful year in the coal trade—large fortunes have been made by many of the operators who have sold out their collieries, and by others on the profits of their business fur the last two yeara. During the present year, also, about twenty-six coal companies have been formed, mainly on the pur- chase of leases, and but few by the parchase of the land. Many of these companies have been up for legiti- mate business, but a large number speculative pur- poses; and what effect they will have upon individual operators and the trade of the county hereafter remains for development, The Schuylkill Navigation Company bas declared dividend of six per cont upon the common and preferred shares, payable, lens the government and State taxes, on the 284 inst. The annual meeting of the company was held in Philadelphia on the Ist inat., at which the yearly report was read, from which it appears that the recoipte have been on anthracite coal $1,419,996, on miscellansour articles $70,077, on Union canal trade $37,961, rents $26,282, intorest money received $4,900; making a total of $1,667,165, being an increase of $636,400 over 1863, The total expenses during the year amounted to $920,249, being $155,196 more than in 1463, and leaving @ balance to be carried to the credit of the profit and loss account ‘of $626,796. of December, leat year, foot up as follows: Fron January 1 to December 12, 1864 2,832, 022 e time iu 1865 42,769,008 Rxcess in 1864,..... . . $10,062,094 The following were the comparative earnings of the nd Mississippi Railroad for the month of Novem 1863, 1804 Rastern Diviston. . $158,437 205,500 ‘Wostern Division. 115,698 142,652 Tota! 9208, 006 946,242 Increase Wires if —From January 1 to November 90, 1864, the earnings of Doth divisions of the above road were in excess of the ra | colpts for (he same time in 1863, $462,451 Stock Exchange. Sarvepay, Jan, 7—10:90 A, M $22000 UB 6','81 cou 110% 80 Erie RR pref... 98 5000 110% 300 Hud Riv RR ...| 118 200 b10 118 % 100 © 12% aor is 10% 400 mith) ‘The exports of treasure from San Francisco to the 12th NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1865. 43000 —do..now fas 10814 500 Reading RR 116 1000 U8 5's, 71, reg 105 400 de GOD00USS 610-400. d10 10254 200 2. 100000 do. 102%; 200 Mich 20000 200 do .. 5000 US 5 200 oven 890 1 21000 U 8 6 50 Chie & Alt pref.. 94! 1000 Ind! % Mich S&NIRK TL 5000 M 700 do sees T26 2000 do......... 68) 200 i iake sain 2000 Mo 6'*,P RRiss 693g 400 do....-.800 72 8000 N Carolina 6's, 58 100 Clev & Pitts RR. 95 200000b 104 31 33)¢ 400 4 b10 95 10000 200; 20000 40000 Erie 4th mie. 1 10000 Alton&TH ine. 5000 Chic& NW stn 1957 American gold. 2 500 ahs Com Coal prf 200 American Coal... 200 Qk Mg Co. ...b60 100 do......8) v4 200 Cleve & Tol RR. 108 17 =: 200 Chi & RI RKs10 108! 400 NY Cen RR...830 117 = 400 do. 103} 200 10 102! 100 102) 100 103 600 Erie RR. fe 30 10334 600 200 do. .:...b30 1033¢ 4100 200 Pitta, FLW&ChBR 100! 200 200 ease reece 100} ‘200 100 Alton&TorHauRR 43 100 50 Alton&THRRpref 70 NEWS FROM KEY WEST. EOI The Trial of Major Weeks Closed—The Late Homicide at Sea—Arrival of Es- caped Prisoners, &c. OUR KEY WEST CORRESPONDENCE. Kav Waar, Fla., Dec. 27, 1864 ‘THE TRIAL OF MAJOR WEEKS. ‘The court martial on Major Edmund C. Weeks, of the Second Florida cavalry, which has been the event of this place for the past two months, has been brought to a close. Major Weeks, it may be remembered, was tried on a charge of murder—killing a sontry—of assault with intent to kill the guard that arrested him, conduct unbe- coming an officer and a gentleman, and conduct prejudi- cial to good order and military discipline, ‘These charges embraced eight minor specifications, growing out of the original transaction, ‘The caso will be classed among the court martial causes celebres, from the legal and other points involved; among others a demlal of the authority of Major Goueral Banks or the War Department to raise the regiment, The trial Insted fifty-three days, and the record is very voluminous, The summing up by W. J. A. Fuller, of New York, ocenpied a whole day, and was @ masterly snd convincing argument, making most thorough and © ve analysis of the testimony, and a sbarp and critical review of the whole case, The court, by reason of the importance of the ca#@, comprised the most intelligent otficers of the district, The President, Colonel John Wilder, Second United States colored regi- ment, commander of this post pro tem., and formerly of Boston, is a thorough lawyer, and the Judge Advocate, Captain James Doyle, of the One Hundred and Ten New York Volunteers, who, by the way, left his ri arm at Port Hudson, though not a professional lawyer, has discharged his arduous duties with rare ability and fidelity. The evidence, so far from implicating Major Weeks in the slightest degree, was a complete vindication of his character and conduct, and disclosed a concerted plan to murder him on the part of the sentry who was killed. ‘The principal witnesses for the ntion were rebel refugees and deserters, who delf aoe} tried to swear away the Major's life, because he had subjected them to such thorough discipline apd bad kept thom so hard on ralds, destroying rebel public property and gathering cotton for the yovernment. Their tetimony was com- pletely broken down in cross-examination, and the lead- ing witness was successfully impeached’ by six of the most highly respectable citizens of thls place. ‘The credit of ferreting out this conspiracy belongs to Mr. J. P. h, a detective police officer, who came here from ton forthe express », and who has evinced extraordinary energy and shrewdness in working up the case tw a sur issue. Tho finding of the court has not yet been divulged; but, from the evidence there can be ne doubt of a triumphant acquittal ou all the charges und specifications. as ‘The trial enabled Major Weeks to show a most enviable record as # paval and: military officer, Letters from Conimodore Morris, Captuin Serames (of the United States Navy), and Lientenant Commander Buchaflan spoke in the highest terms of his zeal and efficiency in the navy, und he was specially mentioned tn the official reports for his conduct in passing the rebet batteries on the Votomac, in 186l, and in the naval fighte.at Forts Jackson and St Philip, under Admiral Farragut, at the taking of New Orleans. His subsequent naval engagement with a rebel iron-clad, and with the Mississippi. shore batteries, when in command of a United States unbout, and his capture of six hundred bales of cotton, were brought out on the trial, a8 was also the fact that he had captured over two hundred revel prisoners, and had brought more than four hundred contrabands and nearly fifteen hundred refugees within the lines. His wilitary was even — ‘than his naval career. Letters from Gen Banks, General Grover and General Birge show that he rendered distinguished service im this department. At Port Hudson he led the regiment. of skirmishers that planted and held, after a sharp and severe struggle, the first and most effective line of rifle pits that enfileded’ and silenced many of the reur batteries of that stronghold; and he volunteered, and was accepted by General Banks,’ 10 lead the forlorn hope that was to have aseaulted the works, when the surrender of the place, consequent. on the fall of Vicksburg, rendered the movement wunecessary. THE LATE HOMICIDE ON THK BAKK ANNIK M. GRAY, James Kelly, the seaman who is charged with the murder of Jobngon, the second mate of the bark Annie M. Gray, has been committod for trial at the May term of the United States District Court. William Thompson, Jobn Hughes and Thomas Hayes, who were charged with Tmautiny, are exonerated of the charge, but ure hell to testify ‘against Kelly, The matter was cn ae before Commissioner Allen, and not Captain Welsh, as erroneously stated. The United States steamer Clyde arrived this morning from up the Gulf coast, bringing five colored United States soldiers, who escaped trom the ¢lutches of the rebels in Apalachicola Bay; also Amos Cook, private in the Seventy-fifth Ohio. ARRIVAL OF THR HARK WILLIAM M1, WALL. Great fears were entertained for the safety of the bark William H. Wall, which left New York on the 8th inst. However, she arrived yesterday morning, in a heavy ¢ from S. 3. KE. On attempting to anchor she lost th anchors, whereupon Captain Castner, the master, had to ran her on the middle ground, She was, how- ever, soon towed off and brought alongside of her wharf, The pasnage from New York was very rough, and she lost several of her sails. The French war steamer Amphion, four guns, Com- mandant Devarenne, from New Orleans, arrived bere on the 20th inst, She left on the same evening for Havana. On the same day the bark M. Williamson, Thompson, in nine days from Philadelphia, consigned to the navy agent, Mr, Philbrick, arrived at this port, NEWS FROM ST. DOMINGO. Barbarous Treatment of Dominican Prise oners by the Spaniards—Humanity of the Governor of Coal Island, é&c. OUK TORK'R ISLAND CORRESPONDENCE. Tenn’s Istasy, Dec. 23, 1964. Throngh s recent arrival from 81. Thomas we are sorry to learn that the Dominicans captured by the Spanianty are kept by them in most awful condition. Laden with heavy chains and full of pwinful eorex, they bave been sent from Porto Rico to Con! Island, where they are em- ployed on public works without any distinction of their position im society. Their condition, it is said, is so pitiful that im St. Thomas # subscription has been raised tw provide for them the most needful necessaries, such ag clothing, &¢., and to the humanity of the present Spanish Governor of Coal Istand it is due that a ration of twenty-five cents is allowed them, ss well ax providing gome with necessury clothing and ordering the sick to be conveyed to the hospital. Ts this the fulfiment of the promises which the ex- Captain General, (De Bargas) bas youcbed on their behalf and who would think hard of the Dominicans when they retaliate on learning the sad fate of their poor brethren? It becomes the solemn duty of every Spaniard to insist before the proper authorities on an tuvectigation into thie je must be brought to account, 0 as e innocent. matter. he ull not to inculpate Christian Commission is to be held in Washington op pene 3) January 26, at ten o'clock in the mornin, ‘The anniversary of the committee will be held in th same city on Sunday evening, January 29. An and versary meeting will also be held in this city on Tuesday evening, January 31. Marine Affairs. CAPTAIN WOTTON, OF THE STRAMSHIP FULTON, Ox Boann Steauente Fortox, } Orr Saxpy Loox, Jan, 4, 1865. § Captain Jas. A. Wortox, Commander steamship Fulton:— Captaix—The passengers on board your vessel cannot it justice to you leave the ship without first tendering to you our sincere thanks for the courtesy and kindness extended te us by yourself and Mr. Walker, First Officer; Mr. Manua Purser: Mr. McDonald, Chief Engineer; Dr. Wyn Sur ‘and to each and all the oficers of the Fulton duet Withjan, overcrowded ship, and Tuany of aving newer before seen alt water rink they recently arrived on the shores of Gporuia, after theit march from Atlunta, they hardty knew what to lo or where wo stow themselves, and Were oftentines In places where passengers were not allowed; bul in each and every instance they were met with courtesy and forbearancs, nnd @ disposi tion waa shown by yourself and all your officers to the paw make our wont and agreeable as possible. hall al- to many of iF firat) to the army to have the good fortune to sail ship as th Fulton and manned by such gentlemanly, able and experienced officers. With eentiments of hich regard and esteem, we are, sir (in behalf of the passengers), very reapeetiuily, your obedient wervanta, H. A. Ham! va lonel Seventy ninth Pemnay! vania Veteran Volunteers; FH. Murty wel Third Ke tucky Veteran Volunteer cavalry; N. Gl ith Indiana Volunteers; CH. Hows neve |, Lioutenant Colo neland Ald-de Camp, MY of Major Gener! Howard; Thos. N ih, Colonel Fifth Obto caval is Wolfley, Major Third Kentucky cavalry; J. W. Breathelt, Major Third Ken tucky cavalry; K.S. Vanvoorhies, Lieutenant Colonel One Hundred ae birty seventh New York Volunteers; ©. &. Fuller, lave ool avd Quartormasyer, ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. Our London, Paris and Berlin Correspondence. Struggle Between the Friends of Free- dom and Slavery in England. President Lincoin’s Message in France. Sherman’s March the Wonder of the German Military. His “Inspiration of Strategical alent” BEakes Snvannah the “Waterloo of Richmond.” Affairs in Japan, India, China and Australia, &., &., Our London Correspondence. Loxpox, Dec. 24, 1864. The Rebels in England Becoming Violent—Their Foreign Allies Not in Close Sympathy—The Exciting Causea— The Recognition Idea—Mr. Lincoln's Message—The Blockade Breakers on Davis’ Agents—Progress of the Democratic Movement dc, “Achilles’ wrath to Gi unnumbered woes did bring.” If { were to tell of the great absorbing thought, the widest felt and most predominant, if not the most important sentiment in Europe to-day, I should say it was wrath, And this tremendous swell of indignation, I grieve to tell you, is all towards the young republic of the West. Secessia in Europe is riled. The Cockney secesh, the Liverpudlians, the denizens of the Clyde, the Parisian secesh, are all, I regret to say, ina very bad temper. And they don’t care who knows it either. ‘There may be method in their madness, but there is no stint or attempt at disguise. But your Furopean secesh, pure and simple; your speculating] biockade-running socesb, has no love for the secesh in America. No; per- haps ag much wrath exists to-day towards the dominions and rule of Jefferson I. as towards Abrabam the Honest, What is the canse of all this? you may ask. J cau tell you, Itisa concatenation of circumstances that have all piled in on us during Christmas week. First, Mr. Barker, alias Parker, was unceremoniously snubbed by your Secretary of State. He was sent off at a tangent, like the Irish lover in the farce, exclaiming :— complained not that you refused me your love; But why did you kick me down stalrst And then Lord Wharncliffe—the noble Lord Wharn- cliffe, whose principal fame arises from the fact that a Sheffield cutler—-Rogors, to wit—a friend of his, has put his fordship’s name on many a jackkaife blade, made to sell to the whittling Yankees. And this Lord Wharn- cliffe, with a plethoric carpet bag, freighted with good things for the Southern secesh pining in Northern prisons—good things representing myriads of worked ‘slippers, poodle dogs, in Berlin wool; dolls, gewgaws, pen wipers, &c., and representing, too, any quantity of warm blankets, of cold toddy, of roast turkeys, flannel shirts, and valued at nearly a hundred thousand dollars in gold, has been sent to the right about, and told that the con- tributions of the pirate ship-huilding, pirate-protecting Liverpudlians ure not wanted; that Jonathan takes the best care of his prisoners, and that all their rational wants are supplied. Tie liberal papers rejoice, while the tory journals howl, But many of the illiberal journals are far from being un- qualified in their condemnation of Mr. Seward, or commen- datory towards my Lord Jackknife. The London Telegraph, while it pitches into Mr. Seward, says my lord managed his part of the affair very badly. ’ He should have bold freighted a fast steamor with the good things required, and then run the blockade with it, Or he might have sent some judicious agents to the Northern States, and there found out the leading exiled seceah, and they could have hunted up the fugitive women, children and faml- lies who have left the Pandemonium created by Je0. Davis, to live with the enemies of the confederacy. ‘Then, some of the politicians affect to see sometifing hostile and untriendly in the notice of the United States that they must have more armed vessels on the Northern lokes. ‘Then the chronic wrath grows stronger every day at Jonathan’s full and peralstent determination to put the rora Pare T 4 ld, thi is thi ful in ‘am told, the rage is something awful, “Love me, love my dog.’’ You accept Napoleon as Em- r of France; but you won't recognize Maximilian ag mperor of all the Aztecs. A gentleman who seems to be a sort of half English half Frenchman, tells me that the Emperor will now certainly recognize the South, and if Great Britain will join, the two will proceed to open in- terference, break the blockade, and get at the cotton. Then, Joff. is king, aure enough. “‘And what if England should join France? hag en a “Why,” said I, “when the sky falls we will catch ’ some larke. When Sir Morton Peto builds a railway around Saturn’s ring, I hope to be there and ride om it. John Bull will not recognize the South, neither will the French- man at the Tuileries.” “But, Mr. Lincoln .zreed to recog- nize Max.” “Tdon’t know that. Tf heaid he will un- doubtedly keep his word.”’ The contrary inference (re- specting recognition) a drawn from the President's Mes- id, by the way, the comments on the Me e are very London Times finds fault with it. For what? Because it deals in facts instead of buneombe. Mr. Lincoln bus given the history of the past and the facts as to the present state of affairs, but has made no predictions as to the future. Deeds are worth more than words, ‘The blockade runners are certainly in great wrath at Jeff. Davis’ decrees. So his kingdom on this side is fall- ing away from him, as it seems to be in the Carolinas, Georgia and Alabama. I think enterpriae in that direc tion gets poorly paid. See with what effrontery the London Times denied the truth of Mr. Seward’s agsertion that the £17,000, of the Liverpool bazaar, was Principally contributed by blockade runners and specula- tors. There was Sir Henry de Hoghion, who had 2360,000 in rebel bonds. He headed the peace petition. And it is notorious that the prime movers in the Liver Latair were De Hoghton, the Lairds, the Spences, Andeay, M. P.; Tom Begbie, Aleck Callie & Co., Isaac Campbell and others that have all slong trained {n that company. But it’s funny, now, t hear the remarks mede about the secesh generally from these diddled reprobates. They say—now the game is about all played out—that the South has had no agents over here except the merest geamps. And they point to Slidell, Mason, Huse, George N. Sanders, Bev. Tucker and Yanoey as the riffraft that they now abuse, aa there is nothing made in flattering them. In politics there is a great difference between your rising and your setting «un, * ‘The addresnes to President Lincoln continue w go out to Ame! congratulating him on hie election and on the triumph of republican principles, the downfall of slavery and the elevation of the workingman. This week ‘one goes out representing the workingmen of England, France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Poland. As the President won't admit the right of foreign deputa- tions to insult him and his countrymen by Hag Mag HE mcd asking him to allow the coun- try to broken up, some pretend that he ought to refuse all addresses, Suppose « respectfully worded address had come from America—Tlinois, it yea Please, con; wilating the Prince and Princess of Wales on the birth of their son and heir, and referring gracefully to his Royal Highnessn visitgo the United States, and to the never failing friendliness of the Queen, and the usual Duncombe touching the common Ianguage, origin and all that; would such an address have doen declined? Car. tainly not, though not from Britieh subjecte. But on the other hand, had the Prince, or the Queen boen offered an address, begging his Royal a an her Majesty to oppose some measure of the British Cubinet, like ac- knowledging the rebels as belligerents, for instance, and thie obsoure, unknown, unauthorized persons in America, would not the whole affair have been rejected ae an insult? Of course, And see the parallel cases. &o. Our s Correspondence. Paris, Deo. 23, 1864. The Paris Press on the President's Message—Feeling of the French Prople—The Diplomatic Receptions on New Year's Day—Christmas and New Year's Prepara- tions, de The comments of the French opposition press upon the President's Message are not characterized by that bitter malignity and venom with which the English journals asaail it, “More in sorrow than in anger,’ they profess to deplore the fatal resolution, as they deem it, which ie leading to the destruction, as they think, of a grand nation. I give you below a synopsis of the arti. clea which have appeared in the leading Parisian journals, La France (the organ of Mr, Slidell) commences by acknowledging that it was in error when it supposed that the re-election of Mr. Lincoln would serve the cause of peace, His Message leaves no illusion in regard to the maintenance of the obstinate policy of the party which controls him. War to the knife is now the policy. ‘The Inst hope of the friends of peace fe gone. These two races of Northern and South- ern men are to cut each others’ throals to the last man, and to sacrifice their last dollar to satisfy the thirst for blood which devours them, at least unless God, who holds in his hands the destinies of nations, 6n- lightens (hem with @ ray of wisdom and good sense."’ La France “ig end." It had “hoped better from Mr, Lincoln; he might bave pacified the passions of the people instead of exciting them. But ho does hot; he profers desperate war, which he will not consent to arrest until there is nothing left to destroy. And La France closes its article by trombling at this fatal resolution, and protesting in the name of reason, justice and humanity ‘The Patric says that the more it reads the Message the more it is convinced of the inutility of the bloody war, of which this document is a cold panegyrtc. Nothing re sults from it to prove that the North will triumph, It is war, bloody war, ‘The war must continue,” gries Mr. Lincoln, “and in truth it seems that this almost savage cry, cscapes him like the cry of the man, who, feeling him. self lost, wished all around to fall with him. An Ameri- can said to us Penal in terms of picturesque energy, “This smells of the cofiin.’ ” Speaking of Mexico, the Patrie says:—‘‘We can but laugh at the which represents Mexico as the theatre of eivil war. Mr. Lincoln is pleased to ignore the proclamation of the Emperor Maximilian, the ite triumphs of the French army. Ina short time he will them.’ The Patrie cloaes gon At gays too much, or tog fittle. It learn “In short, the Message pays too little to the mind blinded by a chimeric con- jencein the re-establishment of the Union; it says too~ much tothe adversaries of the North; for, torepeat again the words of our American, ‘it {a # notification of the doath American Union,’ ”’ ei nel 7 itself when the Message The contented frat appeared an allusion, intended to be with making sarcastic, President’s ignorance in regard tothe termination of the civil war in to Maximillan’s are which, acovrdl: proclamation, on lows it up to-day with.a very mild article, place, and fol- doploring the spective juuance of civil war; but otherwise of ular importance. 1 Monifeur published the message in full on thé first day of ita arrival here, when the other journals only ve Ky and merely called attention to the fact their builetins. Le has the following remarks:—The President; at the end of his message, takes care to announce that he will never depart from the clauses of bis famous military proclamation of the ist September, 1862. He is neither jess firm nor Jess explicit on the question of negotiations to be opened with the South; he simply declares them to be impossible and useless, and confines himself to in- dicating the paths by which the secessionists may return tothe Union, The war will therefore be continued until the complete submission of the separatist States. In speaking of the resources of the country, be declares that, the navy of the Union has become most formidable. On the Ist of December, 1864, it reckoned no leas than six hundred and seventy-one vessels of war, elther at sea or on the stocks, carrying four thousand six hundred and ten heavy guns, and measuring 610,396 tons. The resources in men for the armies are more abundant than ever, While the South shows in that respect numerous signs of exhaustion, The principal dark shadow in the picture is the state of the American finances. We cannot enter into the detail of the figures which Mr, Lt In has given on this subject, as that would occupy too much time and space, Suffice it for us to say that at the end of the | last financial year—that is to say, on the Ist of July—the | federal debt amounted to $1,740,690,000, aud that if hos tilities continue for another year thut large total will be increased by an additional $500,000,000. Upwards of eleven milliards of francs of debt in five years war—what fan enormous expense! What a heavy burden for the future! The fact must not, however, be forgotten that fifty years ago England bore without much difienly, and now bears inore lightly than ever, the weight of the twenty tnilliards which twenty years of coalition againat the French Revolution had cost her. The United States may not yet possess a contributive power equal to that of England in the present day, but they are certainly superior in riches to what that country was in 1816. In order to meet the immense expenses of the Treasury, Mr. Lincoln recommends to Congress a fresh increase of the taxes, and suggests different measures destined to facilitate the issue of loans and their subscription by the petty par ~ seen of the Union. ‘he journals upon our side, or generally there—the Opinion Nationale, the Siecle ‘anid the Presse—publish itorial resumes of the Message of a favorable character, seeing principally in it a continued determination on the part of the President to bring about the abolition of ‘The Journal des Debats of this mornii contains at article from the pen of M. Prevost Puradol, “ & most favorable review of the tone and contents of the ‘Message, closes with an allusion to a state in the London Timer, thas shia was a most com u document forAmericana, by saying, ‘(We can imaging {othe amurscan people than this—one which annoanced to the people of the United States that it bad ceased to be a sation, and on. its frontier. It would be natural that such # slavery. fe should be received with sincere joy in London, and we do not reproach our neighbors for it; but « Frenchman will per- haps be pardoned if he hoped nover to have the pain of reading it." Such are the comments of the leading Parisian journals upon Mr. Lincoln's Message. . Among people of various classes with whom I have conversed in relation to it there seems to be but one fooling, and that is one of sorrow that the Message, In- stead of offering some prospect of peace, offers only one of continued war. Moat men.and nations ure, to a certain extent at least, guided by their interests, and even la nation is not exempt from this human frailty. The interests of France in general are su: greatly from the war, and the Parisian shopkeepers, tears in their eyes, complain of the absence of their dear Amorioan cus- throw fran finished on they catch a stray American im| ingly beseech him to tell them when the happy. day is to come. ‘The Moniteur has already published the announcement that the reception of the diplomatic corps will take Place, as usual, at the Tuileries, on New Year's Day; but it also adds that the receptions of Senators, members of Marshals of France, repre- be memory of M. Mocquard. ‘The Court c#anot, of course, into pote a and so eee method It is believ it has not yet annot that juocessOr relations which he held with the Em +, Will be M. Couti, a Counsellor of State and a It is generally believed that at the diplomatic reception the Emperor, in his remarks to the representatives of the different nations, will confine himself to the merest com- monplaces, reserving his thunderbolte, if he has any, to scatter through his speech at the opening of the Senate and Corps Legislatit, which it was supposed would take place on the 15th of January, but which has now been Fe Sg until February, Our rebel friends in Paris ce no claim this year, as they have during the three, that his ang! intends saying anything signifying, either di- reetly or indirectly, bis intention of recognizing them. Tn fact, they have arrived at the conclusion that events of too mighty a character are just now tn progress in our country to be decided by the nod or will of king or kaiser. The usual preparations are now being made for the Christmas and New Year's holidays. The shop windows fairly glisten with wonders in the way of bonbens nnd toys. To-morrow the erection of the line of wooden booths which annually spring up, extending from the Madelaine to the le, will be commenced, snd in the early part of next week all sorts of curious wares will be exposed for sale in them. Among the Christmas items of this year may be mentioned the decoration of the American chapel with evergreens. Oar Berlin Correspondence. Beri, Dec. 21, 1864 The German Preas and General Shermon’s Expedition— The Prussians in Holstein—Passive Attitude of Aus- tria—Discontent of the Second Rate Powers—Another Chance for Louis Napoleon—The Polish Conspiracy Case, bc. Since the American war first broke{out, and fertile as it has been in unexpected events, no phase of it has ex. cited such general interest in this country, and probably on the whole continent of Europe, as the daring expedi- tion of General Sherman. _It continues to be expatiated ‘upon in most.of the organs of the German press, and, whether favorable to the cause of the Union or not, they all agree in considering it the tarning point of the tre- mendous struggle that has now fixed the attention of the world for nearly four years. “The advance of Sherman from Atlanta to Savannah,” says the Vienna Pree Press, “is one of the most remarkable inepira- tone of #trategical talent, and one of the moat interesting operations in the military history of modern times, and ‘will be hardly leas important for the fate of Richmond than Waterloo was for Paria Lee and Beauregard may still gain their victories of Champaubers or Montmirail, but they will aid their caure as little by «uch partial sue- comes as thoee of Napoleon in 1814 could save Paris and his dynasty.” The Vienna paper reminds its readers, however, that the analogies derived from European wars do not always apply to the military affairs of America, “Predictions,” it adds, “have seldom beon verified in the course of this gigantic contest, rendered incalculable by the extent of territory comprised in the operations and the peculiar difficulties occasioned by it. The for- tune, of war may once more succor the failing canse of the rebele, but it is certain that the succesafal move of Sherman proves an epoch which may bring abont a decision more rapidly than the partisans of the South on this side of the ocean had believed posaiblo,”’ ‘The Bourse appears to take the same view of the case, for Amorican seourities, which had declined in conse- quence of the re-election of Mr. Lincoln, which pnt an end to the hopes of a speedy peace, are again rising, not- withstanding the tightness of the money market and the steady fall in many other government funds and railway shares ‘The Schleswig-Holatein question ix still at a dead lock, and there is very little prospect of cither of the rival claimants entering upon the succession, at any mite for the present. Prussia snubs the Duke of Augustenburg and ignores the Duke of Oldenburg; but she does not come openly forward with her own pretensions, content- ing herself with treating the duchies like a conquered country, ocoupying positions from which ghe bas just qjected the federal troops, and re: Hieving the federal commissioners of the ad ministration of civil affairs. Her last feat has been to | (ake possession of the telegraph oillces, turuiug out the - sy emptoyes placed there by the Holstein estates, and ro peg henge A The Univewst oma, ing ventured (0 protest against any actiaa prejudigal to the righta of the legitimate heir, has boon told to mind its own business; and Baron Zedlitz, the Prussian commissary, rules supreme in the “liborated’’ duchies, while the representative of Austria keeps entirely in the back ground, and only puts his name to the decrees issued by his Prussian colleague. The passive attitude of the Austrian govern. ment can be explained on DO other supposition that they have succeeded in obtaining per contra the Jong desired guarantee of their Italian ions. In- deed, it is confidently affirmed that M- de Bismark ‘after many evasiona, has ut longth given a distinel ‘omise (0 that and bas also engaged to-use his inthtence with Russia’ to induce her to join in the guarantee, It Is trao that the Vienna Abend which for semi-official, protests that Austria will never Hieenta. thecapnenionlac projects of Prussia; but the same language had been held by the organs of Count Mensdorft in respect to the demand of Prussia for the evacuation of the duchies by the federal corps of execa. tion; and yet, in the eud, Austria not only “tolerated,"* Dut actually seconded it in the Diet” At all ovents the minor States are persuaded that she will yield in this question as she did in the other, and finding that to de pend upon Austrian support is to lean upon a brokem po) they are beginning to look out seriously for a more efficient protector. If Louis Napoleon was still the mam he was in 1859, he never could have a more favorable op- Sochutley for renewing'the confederation of the Rhine, not that the Germans like him any better than they forms ‘ q would prefer any aia ‘because they ET seth bel wed Be lh Aeneas Prowpeoe moral ¢cli ‘ustria have brought hoine to ‘and the sr agreed jem in @ very alarming manner. In Bavaria, the m¢ ra ble of the iraaee iS bogies pardon for calling he? @ minor State, which she would be highly offonded at— this feefing is ally ; and, as she hase standing army of sixty thousand men, which, im case of could be-dacreased to one hundred a ion under her auspices, . with or without the assitiande of might deal of trouble, ony oe, have Ye Sealed ents of any German iQ enter into an alliance with the ‘national enemy."’ Her hatred of Prussia, which in 1814 appropriated ono-half of hor territory, ia traditional, and hes been. reawakened and intensified the humiliating treatment to which she has recently bean subjected. Her roval family have not forgotten that they owe their rega) title tothe first Napo- to whom they alone remained faithful in the hour of his adversity, and a great war might not only afford them a chance of retrieving the losses tn curred by their fidelity, but of regaining the crown of Poland.. Wurteiburg is too closely connected with Russia to be dopended upon; but Hanover, though she deserted her confederates in the evacuation gepasion, is known to be decidedly antagonistic to Pr », from whom ghe has more to dread than any of her neighbors; and a correspondence between hor King and the young King of Bavaria, which has just come to light, seoms to show that she is anxious to revert to her original policy. In a word, tho unity and independence of the ‘Father. land’ were never in greater jeopardy than Chey are at present, and if the protectorate of France be not re- establisued, it will be due, not so much to the patsotien of the German princes, or even of the German people, a8 te the fact that the French Emperor is less enterprising, and his finances-in # less flourishing condition than they were five years since. On Friday, the 23d instant, the judgment of the Su- prome Court will be delivered in the Polish conspiracy case. The evidence brought forward by the public pre secutor against the alleged conspirators has broken dowa so completely, that it will hardly be ible to find them guilty on the chi treason, About one-third of the already been re ‘and ip all —probabtlity the balanée will only be conderaned to longer or shorter terms of imprisonment for endangering the public peace, or attempting to levy war against a friendly Power. Evea thia would be stretching the law to an almost unwarrant able point, and it is believed, therefore, that the King will take advantage of the rejoicings for the peace with Den mark to issue an amnesty in which, of course, the Poles would be included, The Defences of Canada. From the London Times, Dec. 14.) fervois, 0.B., R.E., Deputy Director of Fortifl- cations, bas just returned to England from » tour ia the British’ North American provinces, where be has been employed on a special mission to advise the local govern- ment on the-defence of The Canad state that the yy the impoerit kept 3 Oar otha and Chat out oarrring out a in Affairs in Japan. , « RBSULT OF THE OPENING OF THE INLAND SBA— MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL—THK HACE BU MORS FROM AMERICA. [Bhanghae (Oct vt. 25) correspondence of the London Times. } The-nows from Japan is satis! 2 vent their viait; but when it found them useless, com- sented to the demands made~that the restrictions which which had so long prevented the arrival of silk at Yoko hama should be withdrawn; and it is now hoped that commerce will go on freely. A letter has beon to 9k leet aiSock by the oof mercantile firms, showing that export of silk from Yokohama up to’ that had only 106 bales, against 5,000 bales du the two years, and 2,600 bales during 1861-2. Feason to believe that the yield has boen crease can be attributed to no other cat fluence of government. and diplomacy, which, a erecta, proved, _ wi LJ were both ineffective.” He has been informed thatnlnce the news of Chosin’s defeat had been received by the aw- thorities the existing restrictions ‘on trade had been re- I mentioned a few mails ago, the Mikado has Chosin from bis rank and estates; but whether the de- Cree can be carried into effect remains yet to be seen. is one of the most powerful princes in Jt and the twenty-one daimios on whom the ‘called to exterminate his followers, are aid to be far from unani- mons in a desire to carry out the enterprise, The latter's: hands, however, are said to have been so far strengthen. ed by Chosin's defeat that he has been able to rescind the decree which was lately passed abeolving the daimios from the obli jon to pam» large portion of , and it was believed that this stretch of authority would be submitted to. It is singular, with reference to the Mikado’s ted degradation of Chosin, that the latter should have expressed to the Ministers a wish to open the port of Simonosa- ki to trade. The matter has been referred by foreign Ministers to the Tycoon, but it can hardty be likely thas he will recognize our entrance into commercial regula- tions with a prince over whose head hi @ decree of degradation from rank, power and estate, The fondness of the richer daimios for put steamers still oon- sovewerny 9 athe lite has been ‘hased not aware; and maaes ie has pure! by trrangemuateunder which oicer of foreige prversimants 1s under wl 8 to receive exchange at the rate of three itzibus tor the dallas, Instead of the two which only merchants could Fh has been exploded, and that they aa well as non-off resi- dents will in future have to submit tothe curremt a e of the day. Her Majesty's ship Tartar, his = French Mé y's ship and his Nether. Majesty's ship Djanbi remain in the inland sea to guard against any sudden revulsion in the friendly feel. be Choain at present high rate of exchunge sti!) restricta commercial peepee epee @ partial reduction has taken place since She last mail left. Another more important ee, influence existain rumors which have been for the romclusion of an armistice Inst week of the Ddetween the in America, No one knows whence they arose, or attaches any credit to them; yet their existence is sufficient to check dealii in cotton, h has fallen to 1 Russia in India. (Constantinople (Nov. x) correspondence of Lond@ ih. Tt isa fact of the ut Tpartenen; and should be known, that Russia has now for some time ba@ telegraphic communication with India, A Russian line passes direct to Teheran, and from thence there isa line communicating with the Persian Gulf submarine cable. Of course it would be impracticable to make use of this means of sending messages for our governmental rer- vice; but for commercial purposes ft might, to a certain extent, be employed. Whether this be #0 oF not, the cir. cumstance of Russia having this Hue at her command ix suggestive of serious consi ion, and cannot fail to at- tract attention. The Circans (Malta (Nov. 12) n Times. } You have no doubt heard of the Circassians having been driven out of their country, and a great number having arrived at Constantinople. | The Turkish govern ment made a great many of them soldiers, and also dis tributed = great number over different parts of the Turkish dominions, Of these unhappy exiles, twenty seven hundred were sent to Larnaka in three small brigs, and out of that number only fourteen hundred reached that place alive, five hundred and fifty of whom were in perfect health; and it is reported by masters of merchant ships that the sea was covered with dead bodiee—in fact, while at anchor off they were noon to heave bodies overboard, although there was still life in them, to make room for the rest to move about. They wore literally packed one upon the other, and suffered chiedy from want of water. The |asaretto where they ware quartered presented a shocking sight—men, women and children, nothing but skin and bone, dying at the rate of twenty a day exhaustion, and an oye wit neas count fifteen dead bodies in one heap on the beach. They were allowed a few paras a day to obtain food, but required something nourishing, which I sup: pose was not procurable, On the emigrants first arriving here, « great number of the inhabitants assembled an the beach to prevent thete landing, having hoard What (hey were a fervcious sot a