The New York Herald Newspaper, November 21, 1864, Page 2

2 FINANCIAL ANO COMMERCIAL, Nov. 20, 1864 whole of the | ‘evorish hange e markets. The rs in gold had di- | a ble profit. But the loss of c ° of the country in the # contest bei d rush of br me .? who nted ‘as it was | Consols are perpetual ann NEW YORK HERA | duoed rather than increased receipts for oustoms | stocks, promissory, and United States 7 3-10 | | duties during the remainder of the war. vet of making The pro- y receivable for duties, as not entitled to a moment's ation, as the government would be there- d int 2 market as a buyer to meet y some, th The plan of issuing bonds withont limit, redeem- | able at a fixed date, is open to grave objections, as the effect of having immense amounts of secu- Tities maturing at once will be to embarrass the government in the future, The great bulk of the principal of the national debt of Great Britain is not demandable by the holders at any time—for s—and in all proba- bility never will be called in, as fresh wars and the progress of ement in public works impro m the ties, to | Will from time to time add to the debt, and pre- heir 1 ‘ nce the | Vent that eteady decrease in its amount necessary t veakened, came the news | te ul e@ extinction. Yet no national securities rm at movement and rumors of a | im the world stand so high in the money markets projected smnesty, und the appointment {| of Burope ae those of England. of peace cominissioners to proceed to Richmond, The mere fact that the principal ef a loan is re- followed by the speech of General Butler, which | deemable on its face at a fixed time rather re- was the most n, w of Fresh rnmors | t’acts from than enhances its value. The longer and si new speculations anda promising | it hag to run the higher its market value is tikely military prospect added to their chagrin, and the | te be, provided holders feel sure of the regular “bears’’ rejoiced and sold market down to the | best of their ability. The stock market sympa- thized acti and with more or less of the spa: Qn action of gold, the whole list suffering a de- during the week of from five to ten per cent. The extreme quotations for gold were as fol- cline lows:— Lowest. | Monday... 243.4 Tuesd 238 Wedueada 228 Thursday 22035 Friday. 209%, Saturday 210% The quotations for gold, government securities and railway and miscellaneous shares at the Stock Exchange in this city at the close of each of the | last four weeks were as follows:— American gold..... Auiantic Mal. 09. 1st payment of the interest. A loan, therefore, bear- ing eight per cent interest in currency and re- deemable at any time after five years, upon the expiration of six months notice to that effect, would no doubt be ag actively subscribed for if the date of redemption were specified. During the next term of Mr. Lincoln's administration two gold-bearing loans, amounting in the aggre- gate to $15,323,591, will fall due—namely, the loan of January 28, 1847, due De- cember 31, 1867, for $9,415,200, and that of March 31, 1848, due July 1, 1866, for $8,908,341; January next, the Texas Indemnity bonds, amount- ing to $2,052,000, are redeemable in gold. merely tender the redemption money of these loans in currency would be acting in bad faith to the holders, and damaging to our national credit. The argument which applies to the old seven-thirty notes would not apply to them. is, therefore, evident that in addition to the gold required for interest payments, which will soon be equal to, if not in excess of, the receipts for | duties, more than twenty million three hundred and seventy-fiye thousand dollars will be required to redeem the principal of old debts maturing during the next three years. In these we have an argument both against the increase of the gold-bearing debt and the issue of bonds redeemable within a given time. Our exports might be stimulated, our imports e Geveland & Piiieburg. WA 10335 Oleveiasd & Toledo. 13% 0X Cbicago & Rock isiand. 106 10355 Chicago & North wester 4M 423g Chicago & Northwestern 83 «BO Ag Comperiand Co: 6247 Canten Company 843g 33 Del. & Hudane C 205° (185 Erie Rallway. 102 9536 | 105. 102 121% 119 123% 125 12835 126 4% TL 83049 BI% 38K 12044 120% 318 a0 t 106% 103 Quicksiiver Mining. 85% 84 Aeacing datlroad 18g 13636 — Mos « 107% 110 euty coupons 100% 101% 10375 Five tweoty regisiered... 100° 100% 10314 20-40 6 yer cout coupons, 9 94 c Six’s of 1861....., _ — 1233 1% xe year certi 9% OBS Db B61 October 73.10 WWT% 107s 110” 16 Government securit! active demand at an shave been strong and in noo of from two to three per centon the gold bearing bonds and a pro- Pportionate improvement in the r The money market has been easy to stock houses, dealers in government securities and others, with collaterals et seven per cent on call; but leuders are pursuing a very conservative policy, and discounts are made with caution at from eight to twelve per cent for first class com- mercial paper. Although the coupons on sixty millions of com- pound legal tender notes fall due on the Ist of December, when these which are now hoarded will again find their way into active circulation, in addition to the interest on them, amounting to 4fteen hundred thousand more, there is no relaxa- tion on that account, as the prospect of a new loan and the inducements to speculate in inflating securities neutralize any tendency towards lower rates for money which might otherwise exist. Foreign exchange bas been, on the whole, dull guring the week. The closing rate for baukers’ Kerling, at sixty days, was 10934, and at three Pays 110° a 11, while merchants’ bills were DMered at 108 a 4. As the time approaches for the meeting of Con- gress it becomes the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to take into serious consideration the future of the national finances, and embody in his report such recommendations for improving the value of ency and developing and ring the fiscal resources of the country adgine may be deemed best. In this | riant ma'ters grave responsibility rests upon nd we trust that he will not disappoint the pes of the people by neglecting to propose goucy imperatively calls ause, from the antecedents | jen, we are led to doubt that he will | foresight, ce iveness ho rad calism t and affairs ow neces our monetary ot h they have r th les of p u his success conomy or docs. in whateve Seeretary’s report may be dk cient it ¥ of Congress to ay such remed in the compass of its power to the ex of our financial policy. The country n¢ at place, a stoppage s and the funding of lation into long re than five per | act anthorizing it. That t of the curreney which is interest bearing uld be included the amoynt fon od rding to the lust return of the put P shed at the end cf Ootober, the inte bear- ng portion of urrency. allowing for an error 2,00) nted to $2 gr to $440,936, 151. the Internal Revenue bill hat it wo include a far xable property than it does at he taxes now paid may be in- sive to any section 9,140, © next place ing oy of the oo Al tax on spirits and tol imyc with advantage, and in the syste P ara timprovementscould not only be y wmede, but are w called for. A works now lar; ber enjoy ir t the of the law: for if person Pa to call upon the collector the r not trouble him- self to call npon thew nepectors should be ap- | point a vigilant ’ exercised in | ever and it should 1 these to make demar on upon the defaulgers and f a e 7 f the act w t was not made w & reavonabie oe t also Is for rev a reduc: | prot y ter. Our legislators must re &, instead of inoreas- nue 1 di ly to diminish it, and be raised by judicious the per- ly little may equally d unduly upon be 5 t t of tande in need six months | Fri reduced and owr domestic manufacturing wants interest on its bonds, and speculators would | deposits of $6,444,183. | take advantage of this to work ap the premium. notes, $3,7° ; bonds and mortgages, $321 5 which have, in part, been replaced by stocks, | much better security, and the return and destruc tion of circulation—circulation has, however, in- creased $912,111—and there is also a decrease ia Of the three hundred and nine banks existing at the date of the last report, twelve had given | notice of voluntarily closing their affairs, but all | reported; since then the Bank of Yonkers and Deposit Bank have also given notice of winding up; and all reported, except five of the closing bank: he active speculation in Western produce which hus been going forward in this market for a while during his present term, on the Ist of | Reading Raiiroad. long time past has given existence to a number of new firms in that trade, and they are constantly on the increase. During the past week the name of Messrs. Voorhees & Garrison, 73 William street, hes, we notice, been added to the list. | The last weekly statement of the bauks of Provi- | dence R. L., compares with the returns of the pre- vious week as follows:— Nor, 6 Nor, 12. loans + $24,870,300 24,640,800 Specie ... $,000 350,000 Circulation... 4,495,400 4,342 100 Deposits + 6,070,100 5,168,100 The following is a comparative statement of Farpings in October, 1864 Karnings in October, 1563 Karnings i i, ending Oot, 31, 1864 Earpings in same time lagt year,. a Increase.. os eee e ee eees cont ees S21G,545 The following abstract of Pennsylvania company reports shows the coal tonnage for the season, as compared with the corresponding time last year:— Companies. This Season, Last Season. Inc. R 2,940,352 2,983,192 4,160 Schuylkill Navigation... "803,252 ‘800.879 92,672 Lebigh Navigation...... 689.241 634,184 55,005 To | Leigh Valiey Railroad..1,233,081 1,159,780 93,301 Delaware and Lack. 48,8 1,075,009 73,730 Delaware and Hudson... 775,310 751,301 23/341 Pennsylvania Coal 697,759 «= 14,307 85,482 Shamokin... + 273,714 236/179 37035 Broad Top. 348,881 277.5 71,298 Iykens Vailey + 113,172 194.237 — It } Trevorton... 56,261 65,235 1,025 Total.....6....s0e++. 9,119,826 8,633,366 637,520 In reference to the coal traffic, the Philadelphia Ledger of Saturday says:— The above return of coal for the week shows an in- crease of some twenty-five thousand tons over the ton- Dage of the preceding weck. The tonnage for the season thus far reaches the very large figure of 9.119.824 tons, against 8,633,366 tons to corresponding time last year, showing an increase of 486,458 tous. Notwithstanding this large increase in the production of coal, there is no Over stock in any direction that we learn, leaving a {air ipforence that the demand for coal next season will be even greater tnan it is now and has been all the year. Tho Boston Traveller of Saturday evening say: Money continues easy and tn good supply, but the other more fully supplied than at present by carrying | Markets are rather feverish and unsettled, in consequence into effect regulations according to the law of the last session of Congress for purchasing sup- plies of cotton and other products from the rebel States. The privilege of trading with the rebels for produce ought to be allowed to all under cer- tain conditions. Large quantities of cotton are hoarded in different sections of the Southern States accessible to private enterprise, and particu- larly in Western Louisiana and Texas, from which there is an active transport trade into Mexico, and thence to Europe. Some months ago the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce memorialized the government, through General Banks, for the privi- lege of trading under the law referred to, but no response, we believe, has yet heen returned. It is reported that regulations have been framed and agents appointed with this object in view, but if £0, they have practically remained a dead letter, and itis the duty of Mr. Fessenden to inquire into the matter and see that a reply is sent to the New Orleans memorialists. The supineness of the government, and especially of the Treasury De- partment, with regard to the trade of the restored territory of the South is opposed to federal interests and needs speedy investigation and correction. Hundreds of thousands of bales of cotton might be released for the benefit of our of the constant fluctuations in gold and exchange. United States stocks are wanted investment, aod there is a fair demand for most of the other dividend paying investments, without much change in quotations. Speculative stocks are dull and lowor, with few excep- tions, but a large majority of holders are mot inclined to sell, us the reduced prices. Buyers are no doubt expect- 10g A favorable reaction from the present depression. The Chicago 7irivune of Friday refers to the con- dition of the market in that city on the previous day as follows: The demand for movey waa light, and bankers find themselves accumulating quite fast. This weather is pot favorable to packing operations, aod most of them are eres doing less than last week. The orders from jew York are quite large, and packers’ products are going forward very fast. This giuts the exchange mar- ket and maxes it a drag im the market, @ decline in gold to-day had a he aoa influence upon the market. aud carried down the price of wheat 3c. a and other articles in proportion. Exchange 1 very plesty, and probably will be for aome time. The buying price s Giscount; selling, ' di Ot. The quantity of flour, wheat, corn, and Barley left at tidewater during the second week of No- vember, in the years 1863 and 1864, was as follows:— Plour, this, Wheat, tu. Corn, bu, Barlev, bu. -87,900 986.400 78,700 290,700 242,200 175,200 38\100 314.000 +166,200 Dec....40.600 Inc..2,300 The aggregate quantity of the same articles left at tidewater from the commencement of naviga- tion to the 14th of November, inclusive, during the Northern trade within a few months by removing | years 1863 and 1864, was as follows;— the unnecessary restrictions now in force alorg the war line. Mr. Fessenden is supposed to be engaged in preparing his report to Congress at the present time—uithough it will probably not be ready till a few days after its meetirfy—and we therefore deem the occasion opportune for again calling his atteution to the respons bilities of his position and | deficiency of 1,149,900 bbl the urgent need of that reformation which it is in- cumbent upon him to recommend; for our fiscal policy thus far has been deplorably bad, and no mere patching up of the old measures will suffice. We must have entirely new measures if the evils which threeten us in the future are to be averted. The total imports at New York for the week compare as follows with foriner returns: — Fok end'g Nov.18 Nov. Nov 4. Dry eoods.. $209,875 1,005,207 361.606 Gen. mdae.. 1,461,818 2,222,274 909, Total ,791 3,227,871 1,800,8 The New York importa of dry goods compare follows with former retary a For the werk. 1802 1883, 1864. tered at the port.. $1,073.1 1,064,091 869,471 91 Thrown on market... ¢ January } tuered at the rort.. 61,210,340 49,387,068 brown on merket... 66,465,883 57,349,058. ‘The transoctions at the United States Sub-Trea- ivy in this city during the past week are ex- ted in the annexed table: — Totat 170,090 102 318,000 20,093,634 19,807,896 1,787,3 ~The balance left in the Sub-Treasury on Satur- day was $50 ,881 against $30,104,553 on band at the close of the previous week. 11s) 485 606,602 4 Flour, bois. Wheat, bu. bw. -« 1,220,000 18,260.700 20.479, 300 1864. . 1,012,600 18,087,800 9,073,600 Dec.. .$17,400 Dec.4,682,900 De.11,405,700 1ne.245,600 By reducing the wheat to flour, the quantity of the latter left at tidewater this year, compared with the corresponding period last year, shows a flour. The following comparative table shows the quantity of some of the principal articles of. pro- duce left at tidewater from the commencement of navigation, to and incinding the 14th of November, in the years indicated: Canal opened Flour, bbis.. Wheat, bushels. 9,524,500 8,421,900 TOO CITY COMMLACIAL REPORT. Satunpay. Nov. 19-6). M AsiuirS.—Rece'pts, 35 bla, Inthe absence of business Prices are entirely Dominal, and we therefore omit them. Baxavsturrs.—Receipts, 22,061 bbls. flour, 865 bags corn meal, 40,171 bushels wheat, 1,747 do, corn, 74,101 do. oats, 16.094 do, bariey. The market was very irreg. ular, wader the radical fluctuations of gold. Thus the 150 | market opened 26c higher, but subsequently a portion of pst, with tae reaction tn gold. A fair evailed, apd the upward tendency of the precious meta/ in tho early part of the day developed a Speculative inquiry, resulting tm sale of 1,000 bbls. extra State, deliverable frst half of December, at $9 75. The sales include 10,000 bbis. State and Western, 450 Canadian and 1,100 Southern. Kye The following summary shows the aggregate of | four was a litte firmer, with sales of 150 bbis. at the resources and liabilities of the banks of the State of New York, as exhibited by their reports 109,466,407 $1,423,461 and Ps vend Ronds and mortgages iveot bapks and 264,779 250 805,606 Aca (or Cents... 862 Liane Capital. ‘ oueesne oe Ciropiation..... 43,187,162 rporatious o1ber IIE corenrinscouzens 1,569,490 Vho State of New York.... 3,708,088 sitors OD demand .........600 oe « 241,741,810 L@ount due, not woluded im either of the nbuve beads onesese vee 2,960,901 Add for cents. ing the present Fey pareut fail But two New York bnoks, showed inst quarter a | amounting 10 aud do not report now Cloni 1 of divcour reform hore ting bonds should be | quarter: and the tweive other cloring ‘ prized, ond the ed porion of those al- | janke show adiiference vetwoen the end thorized should be held as ee » fo | est end this quarter Of ....6. 6... 1,205,90" ready authorized A as & reserve for pasate 1,842,086 funding the currency. This becomesadvissblefm | 0 view of the large amount of interest in gold bear. | fo that La docreaee in this item, ap: anon ing securities now issued, in addition to the old | oft 'nu doubt, is madi y the National end new seven-thirty Treasury notes, which are | banks. couve,tible into bouds, and the prospect of re- Specie also seems to have decreased $2,116,559; | retail lots § to the superintendent, of their condition on the | Superfine State and Woatero four. 9 40 , ou " " } Extra State, . 9608 9 7 morning of the 24th of September, 1864;— | Gboree State... « 9 Me 900 Resounces. | Common to medium extra 9 66 a 10 26 Loans ond @iseounte. 104,887,872 ; Extra round boop Ohi, 10 $0 a 11 00 #668 ad. 814,366 | Western trade brands ,.... 11 45 oll 36 from banks 102,087 | Extra St. Louis : 11 00 30 Due from direc | Com 10 25 25 Tue from brokers 130 oo a} estate $15,000 + 8,144,694 | 0 85 85 ex 8 seee ae + 20,475,638 900 16 Cash iteres $2,708 aud. wavticas 185 823 8 50 25 stocks, promiseory and United States sevon- 1 50 thirty notes aod indebtedness certificates . 38 8 60 j Core | <The wheat market was 4123/28 | very irregular and unsettied $0 256. Corn meal was alec frm, with gales of 450 bbis. at $8 40 for caloric, acd $6 50 for Brandywine. We quote nominally We heard of bi cargo, 7,100 busbels amber Michigan at $240. Rye jonctive. Corn was firmer, with afair demand. Sales 60,000 bushels at $1 81a$1 S2 afloat, and $1 85% in atore, for Western mixed, with a littie lot of Jersey at $170. Of barley 9,000 bushels fold at * forjCanada Wert, Onte were dull and irregular in prices ‘Wo quote Canadian le © 9635, and Western We Correr.—There was nothing of moment doing, and prices aro merely nominal. Corres —Tbe market opened firmer, with rather mor doing, but closed dull and heavy, Sales 600 bales. quote. — Upland. Florida, Mobile. N,O. @T. Ordinary... 6.06. 128 123 m4 124 Middtivg . 140 Lio 1k 13h Good middling... 192 133 134 185 Freowns were quiet. Engagements to Liverpool in- clude, por neutral, 60 tons oll on private terms, and per steamer, 1 packages butter and cheere, 208, To Lon- doo, 100 bales boys at 6-32d,, 100 tons’ measurement goods at 15s, To Glnagow, 7.000 boshels wheot at 4d., and 2,000 boxes chorse per eteamor, 11,000 do. wheat on p, 800 barrels apples aud 100 packages butter at fis, at Sa, and tone sperm oil at 208, To Ant worp, 24 tops measurement aod heavy goods at A British brig, 190 tons, to Matamoros ond bnek, $1 80 per bbI., half gold, one, 99 tons, to Graoada, $1,100, gold, tons, to Havana, $2,400, gold. one, 200 tons. to award, 6 francs per bbi, and back from south side Cuba, suger, 66¢,, @ British schoover, 90 tons, to tue | 1 90 id; 000, 185 tons, to north wide Cuba and back, $2.000, half gold; a Fritish brig, 217 tone, to St, Urolx, 760,, gold. & British sehooner, 113 tons, Naseau, N. P. id, one, 170 tons, to St, Johns, N. F., tour, 65¢. one, 100 tons, to st. Jobn, N, Ji, fldur, 260., a ship, 1,362’ tons, from Philadelphia to Pebracola, 1,100 tone ‘cont, $9.60: fA bark, 368 tons, to Now Ori coal, $10. Gay —aDip ing ori command $1 40 a $1 45, and 108 iL 75. LD, MONDA | do, buyer December, avgi0 60; 500 bb ER 21, , NOVEMB Hore —We notice seles of 50 bales new at 300. 9 50c , 1100 4 wh bo Mouarsne.—- {here us very little doing, the ductus. tious in gold bLaving bad the effect to restrict business. Sales 20 bbda. Cuba at T0c Naval Seoaes.—Spirits (urpentine continues firma, with sales of Frencu ut $2 45, and American at'$2 50 vs were farrly held at $25 a $20 for common to sirained, with sales of 20 bbls, Tar was quiet at $12 fur Stockholm, Ons —In linseed there was nothing doing, bo'ders (e- | mondiog previous quotations, Crude sperm and whale were very qivet, with a downward tendevoy. Other kinds wore very dull, and prices, in the absevce of sales, are nomial. Pernowecx,—Receipts, 1,611 bbls, The market mained cull for all kinds, aud prices wore wei nominal. But little business «as consummated, a a part of that consisted in the repurchase of *-eaiis’ (or crade There Waa no export demand for any kind worth mentioning, thongh there were buyers at very low h was retused. Holders were reodered firm ws by the limited supply on the market, and full prices were demanded. The eales were 1,100 bbis. crude at 4%c., on the spot and for a!l the monih; 600 ao. xl, 12 bond, 670, w 67440, and 900 do. free, SU0. w pVISIONS —Receipts, 309 bhis. perk, 4.103 packages deol, 225 do, cut meats, and 218 do, lard. Tt ket opened firmor, but cloged dull, heavy ao - gular, Owiog to the radical duotuations ia gold. The Awles on the apot wore 6,700 bbis, at $35 26 @ $39 for old 28, 819.074 A $40 12L; Cor v d regular way, closing at $36 87, cush; $3770 a $34 25 for prime, $39 a $40 (or prime meas, aid $38 60 a $39 for thin mass. of 500 bis. mone 1,750 vole. do. city pritne mess, for December delivery, at $39, and 1,000 bbls. mes For juture delivery wo note sale (1863-4), seller alt November, at (1804-5) for Kebruwry delivery, at $40 50. The beet market was quite active und firm. Sales of 950 $7 a $12 for country mess, $id a $22 for repacked mess, and a do Beef hams continue in fair request sales of 175 bbis, at $28 a $25 25, chioily at the latter price. Cut meats contioue in active de- maud avd the market firm, und sales of S00 pkgs at lie for pickird shoulders, 18c. a2ic. for bagged hams and 20c. a 21440, for hams; also 1,600 croen hams at 19c., and 1,000 shoulders at 16¢., from block; bacon was dull ‘The lard market was a shade firmer, and rather more active; sales of 2,000 bbis, and tierces at 19 4c. a 20540, for No. 1, 204¢¢. @ 223¢c. for fair to fine steamed, aod 22\0c. a 2c. lor kettie, Butter was a trifle firmer, with only @ moderate demand, at 35¢ a 46c. for Western, and ic a 5c. for State, Cheese dull at loc, @ 24c., which is a decline, was dull at 13340. a 13340. for Rangoon, SvcaR —There was a slight improvements in the de- mand to day, but still the market wes very dull and de- pressed, owing to the radical fluctuations in gold. Sales re about 150 bnds. Cuba at 18c. a 20%¢0 , and 460 box. es Havana on private terms, Fair refining may be quoted at 19¢. a 19340. Refined was in better demand at 27c,a 28c, for soft white, 26c. a 26c, for soft yel- low and 23%c. a 29¢ for bards. Taulow was decidedly higher, and active. Sales 265,000 Ibs. at 173,c. @ 1844c.. closing at 173¢c. Tra.— We notice sales of 250 naif chests oolong at $1 25 and 40 do, an at the Kame price. Wasxy.—Receipts, 368 bbls. 600 bbis, at $1 72a $l 73. ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. merket quit; sales The Negre Neticed as a Seldier, a Civilian and a Savage. Spiritualism a Religion in Paris. The Imperial Caucus of Russia, France and Prussia. EMIGRATION TO SOUTH AMERICA. EXPLORATIONS IN A STRALIA, aa, ae. Co The Negro Question. ARMING THE NEGKORS. (From the index, the rebei organ in London. } On October 18 the New York papers republished an ar- ticle from the Kichmond Hnquirer on the subject of aru- ing the negroes. Curiously enough, on October 22 it ie telegraphed from Now York as if it were the latest in- telligence. Jt is also stated that the government of the ‘State of Louisiana recommends the measure. Without — xpianation this telegram may iead to misappre- ton. ri ave for their armies, we treated the negro women and children with the most borrible burbarity. It ts therefore suggested that the negroes should be armed, and vecessarily admission into the miiliary service of the Confederate States will free toem and their childrea. The Richmond Enuirer, ike the rest of the Southern Press, in ao indepeodont organ of public opinion, and what it recommends has no ottictal men But there is good sense and earnest patriotism in what it says about armiug tho bp oye The South ts Ogliting for independ- ence, and for that cause the institution of nogro slavery will be given up. If the North is to win, then the ne- groce will pass into the hands of the Yankees: therefore a any danger arises of the North overrunning the coua- try ib will be politic to arm the negroes. If all the whites are enlisted Virginia will fight the invader with her blacks, The irer, Which. like the rest of the Confederate press, is always discounting defeats aod man- fully preparing for the direst extremity, recommends that Congress should authorize the ‘coment to pur- chase two hundred and fifty thousand staves, eulist them. in the army, and of course free them. We do bot see any probability that the Confederate Congress will adopt thie advice, becauze there is at pre- sent po need of such a measure. The Confederate armies were never numerically stronger than at this momeut, and the Northern government never found it more dif: ficult to recruit its rapidiy avd continually deploted ranks. Still there are conceivable contingencies in which tho negroes might be armed. 1 after another four years of war the South is baif as budly offs the North now representa ber to be, or oven if she js as hard pressed as were the colonists in the first war of independence, the negroes may be called upon to fight for home and coun- aod fumily. Ibnt freed pegroes will figut for their Southern masters than for tueir Yankeo kidnappers is past questioning. Jt seems to us altogether tmprobabio that the Confederates will have to onlist begroes. Still the battle is not over, and ail other sources failing, the Confederates bave the card in their hands of “arming the negroes.” THE DESTITUTR NEGRO WOME: NORTH AMERICA 10 18% RUITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL POST. ‘The bistory of nations has been written in their wars, whilet the idtervals of peace form but a brief and unia- teresting record of their higher and happier existence. ‘Tbe only partial exception to this undeniable trach is to be found in the progress and glory of the former United states of America, Providence had meted out to thew degrue of prosperity h as bad bees youch- safed unto no other people. Alas! to the midst of a sub- 1, social, political and mat ind the fair fabric of con- AND CHILDREN OF 6 Yoloano burst ‘ort stitutional |iberty—the pride of iis people and the model of the world, if vot destroyed, bas sustained a ruao shock from which, bofore it can possibly recover, yearn must elapse. J do bos propose to enter tnto @ Inborod diequisition as to nod causes of (he war, or its probable effects upon hu- manity. The tenacity of purpose, as well as the bravery of the contending sections, haa eatitied them to the admiration of all clviilzed nations, and io meny instances has called into play one of the noblest Christian virtues, charity— in sfortunes of a brother, by whose misguided id another erring brotber may have perished, invokes abd assistance to relieve his wants. 1 citizens of Liverpool, in connection with ous and enlightened people of Great Bri bi vo the world doriv cn past week that no appeal in be- balf of human sefering and misery will ever be made that sbail pot meet with @ ready and prompt response on their part. The result of the Soutbern Hazaar, for the retief of Confederate distressed and wounded soldiers, is the noblest tribute that could be paid to the liberality and magnaniinity of your great and prosperous empire; for the work was dove, and nobly done. Yot there remuina a clase of distressed individuals across the wide Atlantic whose woes no pen can describe, nd whose witimate fate Providence alone w ermine. hough perhaps tue original cause of the war, thelr pas- sive participation hus made them its greatest victim. Confounded and amazed by th access fon of events, upable to comprehend the uring conse. of the gigantic struggle that bides them with ite Hadow, with vo vores to meke known theif cae lamities end sorrows, and piead before mankind jo their behalf, they quietly “let cetermined thives to destiny, hold vobewailed their way.” This unfortunate and pro acribed race—for they are not @ clisa in society—this “domestic institution” silently appeais to the bearts of all Cliristians for succor. tor advice, for pity In view of tho (act that so large acoutribution has ‘deen made ip aid Of those who have been knowing partici+ pators ip the American war, | propose that a similar or similar bazaars be organived (or those who bave been ita unwilling, yet most uniorwunate viotima—I mean the destitute Afrean women and children of the Southern States. Permit me, without having held any previous correspon- dence with the distinguished gontl , to euggest suitable person to organize snd conduct’ this move successfully, the name of one who hus contribut part Fo tbe liberation o° that ueforcunate race, and whose fame is intimately linked with all that ie tree and noble jn selence and ve ud: Rdvaneernet. of the interests and wel f wociety and civilization, allude to Lord Brougbem, Very r fully. yours dtl wel No. 17 Ree on CASTRLLAINE, Oct, 22, 1864 CAPT. RURTON ON THE DAHOMIANS AND THY HRORO. At the first meeting of the Anthropol held in London on Tuesday, Novemoor i, Captun Bur Sr., Vice President of the ox re entitled “Notes on Certain Matters ¢ il compliment to which prevatiod F thougnt ‘and discussion that society, which he termed tho refuge of scientific truth, Dahomey, be said, was ono ni fo 1864. of the elght negro empires of Afrien. Neorly all these ewpires were despotiems of the wost atrociousiy oruel ch-raver, although eo ghborhood of the Lake Vioioria were tub pertor people. A | ceatury ago Commouder rorbes Id that the Da TKD Were Not &Dati“n, but simply a Danditit; pro diy ely the King’s (amily were pure Danow that rematued true to the present day. Captive: ost athe k Of the populetion. Tre Dubomian King wis swora vever to lead bis army where canoes were requisite Several of the rounding the Dabominus bad curious customs-—they © toer Cheeks io such a way as to show famiies aud individuals, and the women wore a thin coral pin through the lower lip. The Dabomiao languaye It was deacrited by a Krot Krooman’s teeth,’ but the Dabomians, 6 & hare and imiied ove, humerals, Onamatopous words abou ies dom o/ the peop.e was very like prover phy of—let aroun siui! himself at nigh heavy fn the morning: that man's @ fo sampio, pitting makes a man oomforta the outstretched band i the recolying ene.’ That was another. In fact, the languago was full of these proverbs, “We shall still drink water,” meaning that wo shell continue to live, Volygamy pre yatied in Dahomy, aad thera were many peculiarities in the intercourse of the sexes, The Eustorn practice of circumcision was culversal, but the rite was vory duler- epuy performed, tnd did notecem tobe derived trom the religious idewe of the Jews, Eunuchs in Dahomey still married, which was aratber singular onstom, ine Dahowian empire w parently bot likely to encnre, a8 every element of disso!utior. was rife im it, aod, with re- Bpact to the negro, great errors had prevailed on the sub- ject—errors going into botk extremes; but it was, be folt ‘convinced, reserved for that nociety to rank iue hegro in his true place in nature, whatever that might be. His (Captain Burton's) own’ opinion was that the begro was doomed to be absorbed into the negroid, (Hear, bear.) Governor Freeman, of Laxos, expresved bis concur. Tence with tho views of Captain Burioa reapecting ibe future of the negro. He siw no possible chance for the wegro but to be absorbed into Mahometan negro—ipto the negroid, Even the so-called civi- lized and Christi: ed wegro was retrograding, the Mahometan races being the only progressive popula- tion that had come under his observelion in America. Mr. Ciamnens said he should bo glad if Captain Burton would inform tiem in what respects the Muhometans, who were thus to absord the negro, diliered from the pure negroes. Mr. Ross asked whether Captain Rurton could give any information respecting the supposed superiority of the population of the Cong Mountains, portheast of Dahomey. Captain Boron briefly replied to the varions ques$ tions put. There was doubt of the superiority of the negroes northeast of Dahomey, but be doubted much whether there were any mountains in that quarter. As to the pure negro, the imp:ovemeut he had alluded to in that race was substantially an improvement of the race off the face of the earth. (Hear, hear, and a laugh.) This would be effected by a gradual oxtension of the superior northern races. Circumcision bad been mentioned, and something was said about its orig taking place among the ows, but there was nota tittle of evidevee for that idea. lt was said that Mabome- tanism could uot now be propagated by the sword even in Africa, and that was true; but tt was by means of com- morce that that faith was spreading in Africa. The races which proselytised were all mixed with negro blood. As to tho diflerence between the negro and the negroid, it ‘was a matter of the utmost difficulty; but the Caffres be held to be pure negroids. The true disttoction, however, between the negro and the negroid was the foter. or thi smell of the body, which the ro had strong and th negroid not at all, Captaia Burton conciuded, ami applause, by thanking the meeting for the friendly re- ception given to his paper. Spiritualism in France. TAH ALTARS, PRIESTS AND VOTARIES OF THE NEW RELIGION. {Parts (Nov. 8) correspondence of the Londen Star.) In Paris there are at this moment no fewer than 60,000 men who have no other religion or creed than that of spiritisme, and it is really sad to witness the rapid diffu- gion of 9 faith bullt on such senseless tonete. It has its croyants, its priests, its altars, &c., 8 well as 1'8 papers, reviews, publications of all sorts, editors and booksellers of its own, such ag M. Ledoyen, Galerie d’Urieans, Paluis Royal. Wishing to be present at one of the seances spirites, obtained an audience from Alan Kardec, the bizh priest of this new eect, and asked him to allow me toattend one of the meetings held at bis house, Passage Saiute-Anno, ones a week in the evening. The’ seance took place in a room that would easily accommodate fifty persona. In the centre of the salle was a iarge table, at which were reat-d Alan Kardec, the president and four mediums, two young women two young mon, ail four pale fou “mauiaeal look!ng. service ‘opened with & prayer addressed to departed spirits, demand- fog their assistance and protection. After this invocation, 1 expected to gee the ev ion of souls, demons or shades; but nothing of the sort uccurred. ‘The four mediums sat down ae quietly as if they had been four clerks, baying each before him a quire of paper and a pencil in hand. Questions were put by some of the spectators, such as "Where is my father?” «What is Alfred de Musset doing?’ «Can my departed wife assist me in my present difficulty?’ To cach of these questions a written answer was given by one of the Tuediume, who, with hig eyes fixed on the ceiling ap- peared wrapt in ecstacy, t his band ran over the paper with marvellous rapidity. ‘The written replies ‘were handed to those to whom thay wero addressed, who seemed eoraptnroa at recognizing. as they maintained they did. the very handwriting of their deiunet reistires, We had that evening some specimens of Alfred de M set's pootry. I was sorry to hear that this briilisnt sarcastic poet is now in purgatory. We aiso had some eceentric fascinating sketohex, frem the pencil of Hogarth, of the gates of Paradie, which proved tome that if the author of the Rako’s Pre; bad mot yet entered the abode of the blessed be had at loast reached the door. Having been requested to summon a departed soul I degged to be put in communication with that of Voltaire, The spirit of the great man was instantly evoked, though L heard neither rappings vor tappings. 1 was informed by the sudden and repia scratchings of the pen of one of the mediums that the phiiosopber of Ferrey was willing to reply to avy query I migBt choose to put. | tock advan. tage of the permission to inquire from the satirical scop- tic what were his ideas as to th lian Conven- He stated that though he wae not gifted with the of prophecy, be considered the Convention asa for Italy, and & tremendous blow both te the tomporal and spirituai power of the Pope. Nepoleon dded Voltaire, ‘now holds the golden wires by which the puppet work of the Papal government can be made to dance to any tune. He mi; if he choose, turn Maly from the Alps to Calabria inte one huge volcaso ready to swallow up the Papacy tn its flery boom; but this the Emperor will not do ag yet—too clever he—bis resent object being the bumiliation of Austria andthe ‘veration of Venetial” Court Goysip in Paris. [Paris (Nov. 1) correspondence of London Star,} Nothing ié yet decided about the annual visit of tho Court to Complegne. inves to live in the greatest retire ty on Surday evening, as ele was driving in the neighborhood of the Are de Triomphe. but there was not light suflicient to discern her features as sho passed by, 80 that lovnnot say wheluor they bore the expression of anxiety which of late they are said to wear, ‘The Emperor is expected at St. Cloud this even- toy ie. The Monifeur gives a glowing description of bis recep- tion in the South. At Marseilles the populace wos more enthusiastic than elsewhere. The imperial carriage made its way with dificalty throwgh the stre ts as his Majesty wos going W see the new docks, Planned and chiefly conatructed by the unfortu- pale Mires, and the new Boulevards, which are copied after those of Paris. Lyone, however, was more bighiy honored than the great southern port. Possibly M. de Chevreau represented ik would be well to take tho opportunity the Kmperor has just had to conciliate the townspeople, who are on the whole favorabie to impert- mm. Perhaps it was daca! aimort balf way be. tween Paris and Marseilles that both going and coming from Nice the Emperor passed more tine there than he did in any other town The prineipal ‘religions, civil, and military authorities” of Lyons bad the honor of dining on Sunday evening with Lis Majesty, who this morning was to have reviewed the corps d’armee of the departinent of the Rhoneg & Horse Show tn France. NAPOLEON'S ANXIRTY TO IMPROVE THE BREED POR GOVERNMENT PURPOSES. [From the Cork Herald, Nov. 3.) An interesting horse show is to take piace at Caen on November 14, end another at Pin on the 17:h, when will be gathered together from three to four hundred of the best stud horses—the sires, in fact, of that most useful race which comes from Normandy, and supplies Paris with those wonderfully active white horses which drag the enormous burtheps imposed on thom here by inju- dicious owners. The object of thie gathe. ing im to allow the imperial commissioners to purchase the picked horses of France, The rest will be offered to public competition, Goveral Fleury, Baron de Bourgeoing and MM. de Thanve- berg and Dupont are the commissi . Part of the purehase wiil go vo the private stud of the Eimperor, Art Progress in Rome. [Rome (Oct. 25) correspondence of London St A visit to Mr. Story’s stadio gave mo a sight of two new statues being finished in the marble, aod the models many of your readers may bave seon Tho principal one is # Sani, the King when the evil spirit is being ing of David. He sits on bis as if in the passing away drooping for- @ boay throne, bis buge frame of & paroxyem of bis obsesiou, hia by ward, the passion still looking out under and one hand groping in the great beard fecls the bilt of his sword, ony belf subd melody, and one feels an if he would not cal David and ron the risks that remain, The staty ‘one of tho Moses of Michael Angelo very strongly, though ot Ike it ib pose OF management Of draperies oF Accesso- ries. The other statue in m modification of the Cleopatra ex hibited ut London, but a great improvement on it, The pore \s free from the constraint and rividity whieh mado #0 Gorious a defect in the original, aod the extremities especially, which were the woukost pyrt of that, are io thin unconstrained rain their repose: the tee i# more tropical 1¢, the head more expres Five, and the statue, as a wh push ‘orward towards troe deat ‘here was also a bust of Mrs Brownlng, from memery, | which ia coveidered by thore who knew ber a bappy | Lkeness of a face dif cult i the extrome to represen \ a Austrian Govern= Strange Prand tn ps ean ompee that a ¢ vatria, The acc nee, and he i vein © trinl was em Tho Viewna jeurnals about to tako place 10 ploged tn the Minletry of Ti ombovrinment to n considers die oxtent, Dot of y 1 Ot kegars and portage stamps It i# said that he has ab. Firacted three Millions Of COMMON segArR, One mniliton of | Cobas, twenty-five thourwnd Cubauas cud ove million two bundred thousand packeta of ordivary tobacco for HOK IDE. “ile ano took portage stamps to the value of fifty thou- ad france, A Good Pian tor Ruling ftaly. ‘The now Italian Cabinet propages the establishment of «¢princely courte’ at all the groas cities of Italy. , is @ long aud vigorous | in | Franc ee, Bumbert isto hire Napler, where he ts known and itked; Prives Amadeo, Turiv, wd Prim where be ls a tayorite--or, more probably, M Phe Czar im Praseta. ANEW POLICY FOR [From the London New? ‘The Fmperer Atexauser dam, in company with tb royal pair with pmiany King liom and the Court of Prussia to the grand hunts at Letzlingen, after whieh tha Rasetan sovereign will eet out for hh not time, therelore, to preside at tae weeting of all (ho diplomatic ageuta of Ruraia, whieh, according to a state ment origivating at Part mmoped at 3 new dic sto Rive to ite ic however, ke of Weimar. The sstan g The dnvalide # to regerve to berse!? entire liverty of action, Affairs in Southern ituauia, THE CRO’ #, TRADE AND EMIGHATION TO THP AMOUR. [bt. Petersburg (Oct, 25) correspondence of Gaiignani's Moesenger.) 6 from Southern Russi» represent those provinces as offering ibis yearagreut diversity 10 the produce of the crops. bey have been satietuctory aod even abund- ant ta certain local ties, and especially throughout the goverument ef Kherson, The Sime muy be said of the but in the northern part of the government of jda the yield bas been iudiflerent, aud the admtae istration of the Stale domaia bas beso compelicd to adopt special measures for providiug food for the pea own property, 1b Bessarabia a good year ed; but heovy rains in Avgust partly do stroyed the hay crops which bad not been got io. In the southern part of the same province the miliet and maize have since suffered from crought. In certain localities the produce will only sorve for todder. Tbe government of Eketerinostaf cannot even count ou an average yield, Advices from the Amour aynounce a continuous in. crease in the uavigation on that river. Tbe aumber of Bleamers engsged this summer was twenty, Trade has evertheless diminished at Biagovestebensk, probaby arising from tue winding up of the Amour Compeny. The rebouses at Nicolretsk and Khobarofka are already closed. and the goods sold at Biagovestcbensk, Streienskt, and iv Kamechatka, The steamers of the company b been purchased by government, which has taken pos- session of the General Kersakof, the best of them. The number of Russian settlers on the Amour is continually increasing, and four huodred families are vow expectod from the government of Samara. The population of the Danks of the Voiga are generally the avant ceurrters of Russien colonization to the East, aud emigrate most wil- ingly to the Amour and Traus-Caucasia, The departure of the inbubitants of Samara recently took piuce on 50 large aseale that the Governor was under the necessity of rowinding them that the law forbade the emigration of entire villages en masse. Ady migration to South America. VALUABLE LANDS CONCESSION BY THE ARGENTING REPUBLIC TO KUROPEAN SETTLERS, ‘TO THE KDITOR OF THR DUBLIN FREEMAN. Under this bead you were govd enough to publish in your impression of the 13th ultimo aa extract from (he paper I reed ou ‘ Emigration to the Argentine Repubite,* at the recent meeting of the National Socin! Science Asso- ciation at York, A slight error occurred in th which I would be glad to correct. Tho rental of grazing lands was stated to be trom £20 to £80 per league. where- as it should have been £20 to £80 ‘rer rup, each leagee containing from nine to ten rups. While referring to this subject permit me, through the columns of your very in. fluential journal, to draw tho attention of intending erat. grants aud parties Reueraily in Ireland to the following Darticulare of a most important covocasicn of valuable iand jm the province of Cordova (Argentine Repubiic), just made dy the local government fur the purposes of emigration. ‘The territory conceded consists of one thousand square leagues, situated between two rivers of the province. the Rio Cuarto and the Rie Quinto, and extendas for one hundre@ leagues a'oug the latter and stretches for teu loagues to the north thereof. This fine ri is nearly ove bundrea metres broad, and ts almost bavigable throuzhout, and witha little canalization could be made completely #0. ‘The southern p rtion of the lauds consists of an immense plain, bordered by clustering clumps of wood, ou the ‘Danks of the Kio Quinto, and where thousands of sheep and cattle might find an abundant pasture all the you through, The Great Cectral Argentine Railway, now im course of construction, reaches within tweuty leagues the lands conceded, thus forming direct communication with Kossat Buenos Ayres and tho seaboard. The concession has been made to Mr. edward T. Etchegavey, an enterprising Argentine citizeu, who has come to Eng- tand to form a company to colonize these lands. Thay have been conveyed to him by title deeds, in‘ /ee-#im)10,"" for @ pominal sum, im consideration of immigracte to the extent of two thousand families beimg sectied om thom withia the next six er eight years. To realize this Mr. Ktchevavay pt First, that the company give to each family eight square acres of land, to be acquired from their embarkation in Europe, and to be come their absolute property after a eix years rosi- dence: second, that the company advance to all the colonists the necessary conts of paseage and of settioment, and to maintain them during the first year afier thoir arrival; third, that the colonists reimburse to the com- pany (tbroe years a their settlement) the sums ad- vanced to them for their je, establishment and Maintevance. Then for colouists possessed of means, and able to emigrate and settle at their own charges, the con- cessionist or company muy sell at the nominal purchase rate bal gues of land or more. My paper fully sew forth the great advantages over almost avy other pert of the world presented by the Argentine plains for the pur- suttef an agricultural life. The soeep of Cordova sre famous for the <uality of their wool, wbich obtains a pre- ference in every market tn the la fiata, and tbe ex- ration of whicn is every day augmenting As regards toe raisnig of cattle the-e Is no country in the workd which promises advantages superior to thvee of the pro. vince of Cordova, It the matter interests your reader, B shall be glad at some future time to furnish fuller detatie, Tom your obedient servant, GEORGE GILMOUR, ARGENTINE ConsULaTE, Glasgow, Nov. 3, 1 The Creps Ireland. {From the Dublin Express, Nov, 4) We learn from reports in the provincial journals thas the fine weather, with which the couptry bas beea re cently biewsed, bas bad a most beneficial effect upon the crops, aud that advantage has been taken of {i by the farmers to push forward agricoitural operations, which had been previously delayed. The wsicome change of weather bas rescued the grain crops from threatened destruction. Potatces and green crops are sound and nt,and im districts where the greatest anxiety led we are pow informed that there is no longer any fear that the peoplo will suffer from acarcity of food or fuel during the winter and spring, This gratifying wesurance comes from journals which Ip other years have doen loud snd earnest in their eomploints about the oon- dition of the coupiry. Explorations in Australia. [From the Adelaide Observer, Ang. 23} ‘The great extent of work yet to be tccomplished in ex- Ploripg the northern interior ts shown by the [requevey” with which starthog rumors relative to that part of the continent are received in Adelaide. Abcn} ten days ago much interest was excited by the report thet a stockmnag in the employ of Morsrs. Levi & Co. had discovered @ largo r northeasteri direction it Lake Fyre,a report which lends us to bope that the greatest probiem of Australian geography hea been Solved, and that (he question of 8 vast Interior basin, or inland sea to the north of Laxe Torrens may at len, wet at rest. A Novel Marriage in Indta. (From the Friend of India, Sept. 19 We have rece!ved a letter from a native correspondent, acquainting us with (he particulars of wn Interesting case of widow marriage which Istely took place in Calcutta, ‘Tho bridegroom was & low Atadevt of the y lege, and the bride a widow of fourteen years oF coated in the schol attached to the Free Church of Scot- Independent of ita being a widow mar- ‘ich ja itvet of suficientiy rare occurrence to be ble, it is noteworthy that the parties were of diferent castes, and that the ceremony was performed According to the ritual of the Brauino Somaj. The Indica Mirror calls this “an unprecedented matrimonial ale Hiance,’’ ‘an auspicious event,” aad believes that reform Z —e to an “‘onsiaughs oa the rolics of Him- looism.”? Obituary. THE NEW ZEALANDBR (NOT MACAULAY’S) IN LONDON. (From the London Post, Nov. 3.) The funeral of Ananea Te Taubou, of the tribe of Ngatiwai Te Waier'ki « Ngapubi, from Ngunguru, Bay of ‘ew Zealand, took place on Tuesday aiternoon as chorch, near Windsor, The deceared New Zea- lander, who died of bronchitis and rapid consumption, had been attached to Mr. G. Thoraton, of Syduey. He was Indaced by @ person named Haggurty to accompany him to this country, ostensibly for the purpose of seeing Kogland, be er that be with others might be Finally, defrauded of about £30, he wi titute condition in London, and was about to be removed Into the country when ne became very ill, and wae Mary’s lorpital, Prd . where ie died on Thureday last. Mise W a woaitby and humane lady of *1he Home,” Winson, Birmingham, and bis fellow-countrymen wore with him during his iit ness, He had expressed to Miss Weais, who bad rescued those poor notiver (rom their abjéot condition, his great desire to see Windsor, and was very thankful won as. sured that after doath ho should rest near |t. The gutid of St, Alban provided the coffin, and on All Saints’ day body, which bad been removed from London to Windeor, ollowed to the grave (which had bee pre- we ehurchyard) by lis friends, Wiremu Te Poo from Ngepubl; kato; Mr. Wm Pambridge, pho! jeaty, who was with Bishop Selwyn during bie residence in New acquainted with tbe friends of the da conaed ; Stophen and Henry Liawtrey, with the boys of St. Mark's school, Windsor Ananea Te Tauhou was thirty-three years of ago. MiseMancons Koreign Items. mmonee deposits of oyrters bave recently been dis ered in France Jn the ehanpel opposite Tracyrer at about & mnie and a baif fron the Bb ovormour bed was found. }rom twenty fe since been employed at the hatter Seach from sit to seven thousand daily are said to be OF A fine degcripiion, aud seit ° to th) ale h pisce, a Tho oynte at (rom elchicen to twenty raves the thousand, » se paye (bit the serieniiuest exhibt tion wich Bes joet been opened at Moscow i caiabiiehed in tho Riding School, arranged for the purpoca, Two stores nf gulierioa run along the walls, and are crne. vied with the armorial bearings the yovero. teot the empire, Th@ most digant provinces are | Feproeented at this exhibition, Siberia has sont ner costly ja Crimea avd the country bathed vy the Do saniples of cual and anthracite, win the produce of the Caucasus is” oppo~ Machinery and tools are to be aeen in ore are also piace the fire; 0 their wool, FY! ‘and tobacoo, whi tie Geotre. of the ball, coutre all, prougha of Fintand, which have gained the approbation of every one for their excellent qualities and cheapness, pince, in fact, they are sold for half the price of the ploughs of English manajsctare, Lastly, we may state