The New York Herald Newspaper, November 7, 1864, Page 4

a NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETR EDITOR AND dhe eecreny Orrigs a. coun oF rosson AND NASSAU BTS. TERMS cash in advance. ‘Movey seot by mail will be al the risk of the sender, Nove but bank bills current in Now York taken ‘THE DAILY HERALD, Four coats per copy. Annual eubsoription price $14 ‘The Fororsan Fornion, every Wednesday, at Six cents per copy, @4 per annum to any part of Great Britain, or paconndbtnsc dhanbistiatacniiancichastasenad ve AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, NIBLO'S GARDEN, broadway.—Tax Onicxer. CK'S THBATRE, Broad: I iy Wire's Marv. a anicasamar eit PAA 5-4 opnenn. Pgiews "yeh Par—Mr Nace OLYMrIO THI =I ae HEATER, Broad Brosdway—Bow. wm 4 Curva NEW BOWERY BaTR! Bo —[nisuMan’ Bagnr—lx ann Oot Be Pare nite oat eevivin, yp WERE THEATRE, Bowory.—Avonatini—BRive OF BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadwag.—Vicrims—Pro- rus's Lawraa HIPPOTHEATRON, Fourteenth street. —Euogsraian, Gruxasnioc 4xD ACROBATIO KnTsetAlNMEnTS. BARNUM'S muskoy, Beppa —Sengca Ixotans— Traimeo Doas— ‘at Gint, Dramatic Pearonuan ar Pasian, Pe api tating Mom gy Mochanion Hail, 472 Broad. ed Nas, Dar = ¥ age Pa are ORLEsQuHS, dc —FouR WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, 54 Broadway.—Eemorias Sonos, Dances, £0.—Preronuina Dou to OAMPBELL'S Sinereshs, VARIED ano EXxciTinc aw Buoxvits—U. 5. 199 and 201 Bowery.— eee ov Ermtorian Oopieres— GALLE DIABOLIQUE, 585 Broadway —Bonsar Aeure DODWORTH HALL, 606 Broadway.—Arreavs Wano Amora rae Monmoxs. AMBRICAN THEATRE, No. 4 aa Broadway. —Baurrs, Panromiaks, BURLEsguRs, Ao. HOPR CHAPBL, 720 “Brvadw: -W saa BxovrE OF Giase BuowEnR NY ODNONES Bon. NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATO! zs Ovmiositixs sawp Lucturss, from 94 aE fn ic na mopar OPERA HOUS! —! cum cope tod Breokiyn.—Eraiortay How Tork, mrnaehs Sevember 7, 1864. Si “ae srruarion. Goveral Hood has been defeated with considerable loss fa his firat attempt tooroas the Tennessee river. The point chosen for this movement ts between Decatur and Florence, at the head of the muscie shoals of the Tennes- 800 river, and is illustrated in a map which we give this morning, showing the relative position of these points oreek, the poiut appears @nd = Nashviile with} Bluewater @t which the engagemont took place it from our correspondence that General Sherman bas sent the Fourth corps to D-catur to operate against Hood, while, with the remaining five corps of bis army, be hss moved to Atiants, and is, in all probability, about to 10- augerate an offensive campaiga from that point, thus Ageoring for the time the existence of Hood, or leaving him to prosecute bis campaign into Tennessee at his Jeisare. The rebel accounts, which we publish in con ection with other important matter, give interesting aocounts of Hood previous to the battle. ‘The rebel cavalry are opsrating on the Memphis and Gbar'es:cm Railroad, between Courtland ead Decatur, Als, Forrest is on the Tenvessee, threatening Jobuson- ville, the western terminus of tho Nashville and North. western Railroad; but ine position ta qrongly defended, and one repel any attock of cavalry. General Butler, by direction of the President of the Uoited States, and by assignment of General Dix, com- mannding the Department of the Kost, has assumed oom- mand of the military forces im this State, for the purpose of preserving order until after the Presi- ential dection, and preventing the execution of @uppose’ designs of rebels and rebel eympatbizers te carry out a systematic pluadering and burning vaid t= our principal cities. Geseral Butler, 1m bis official order, assures the citizens that they need epprebend no :nterfere.ice with their rights or privileges aa electors, as his subordinates are instructed to strictly refrala from anything of the kind, uis only object being & preserve peace. The Sixth, Seventh and Tenth Con- meoctiout regiments, under General Hawiey, arrived m this olty yesterday, with orders to report to General Batler, Superintendent Kennedy has teeued an order to the members of the Metropolitan Police, instructing them to enforce to<morrow, througbous the district, compliance with tho State law requiring that no intoxicating liquors shall be sold on election day, that no box for the distr ‘Dation of tickets shall be erected within one hundred end Afty feet ef a polling place, and that no unjustifiable physioal force shall be used, either by policemen or ‘Ctizons, to incite or intimidate electors. ‘The excitement aloeg our Northern froatter towns ia reference te the anticipated rebel raids (rom Canada still continues At Buffalo and Suspension Bridge, Niagara Falls, tho citizens are in considerable alarm, feeling con- Ddent that attempts to plurder and barn them wil be made on olection day. At the latter piace merchants are removing their goods. The rebel papers have heard the answer to their ia- quiry of “Where, meantime, was the Albemarie The Rickmcné journdis of the 4b acknowledge the success of Léoutenant Cushing's exploit, and say the rebci ram Nes ‘at the bottom of the Roanoke river. Of the erew of the torpedo boat only one man wus wounded, and aB are Prisoners in the enemy’s hands, ‘he rebel report states ‘that the fall of Plymouth was the result of the destruc- tion of the Aibemarie. ‘The reports published is some sensation papers that General Sheridan is falling back have not, we are as- wured by one of our Baltimore correspondents, the slight emt foundation im fact, His army was sever in better Condition then 4 is now, and be is fully pre- pared to most and dinpose most effectually of Karly @hould the latter carry out his supposed design of makiog @nother atiompt te achieve the mastery in the Shenan- @oah valicy. Early is oid to be now at New Markes, feorganizing the rempante of his old army and such con- soript additions te it ss bave recently beem made by the Richmond authorities. Affaire on both sides of the ‘ames river continue quiet Occasional demonstrations are made slong the picker lines, resaiting tm little firiog and perhaps the capture of afow mon, A Petersburg deepatoh in a Richmond papor mays thas on the night of the let imetent Grant drew Bis onvairy pickets om the extreme left, below Reams ‘Station, about @ mile, and extended bie picket linea miiein the rear of bis army in the vicinity of Petersburg, ‘‘as if Quite @ number of brevet Prometions for meritorious service om the part of Among the Samed of (Lose Lous complimonted are Gonerats Grifin, Ayors and Crawford w be br vet major generale, Cols, Coviter, Onborn and Wheelock to be brevet brigadiors There are & oumber of others whose to Cover some movement.’ Our officers bare ween recently made. Winthrop, fiotfnan, Morita doabtlers will be similarly recognized bs A Ons Fes ieome Menrce correspondiente moutions NEW YORK \HERALD, MONDAY, NOVEMBER °7, ) 1864. gallaat little exploit up the Naasemoné river by one of the gunboats of General Graham's Naval brigade, under command of Fasiga Aruold Harris, resulting in the cap- ture of a rebel major and eleven men, without any loss oa the Union side. The late War Department order granting furloughs to all soldiers im bospitais to visit their homes has imposed immense additional exertions en the Quartermaster’s Department of this city. Captain H. Brownson, Assistant Quartermaster, with bis corps of twenty assistants, has been busy, vight and day, since Tuesday last. Thirty-one cars filled with soldiers were seat of eastward yostorday by the New Haven Raitfoad alove. ‘The Harlem road also sent out an extra train. Dr. Hoff, medica! director of transportation, bas cared for a.ore than one thousand men each night during the past week, distributing transportation to them in the morning, The labors of these officers of the government have been very severe and arduous, Wo present this morning s full list of the mombers of the rebel geacral government at Richmond, including the names of the members of Congress which mects there to-day. The present is the second session of the Second Congress of the Southern States, It is likely to be am important one. Tho several questions of Peace, Reconstruction, the Conscription, the arming of slaves and the adjustment of the rebel finances will doubtless lead to stormy soenes and exciting debates. Tho near approach of General Grant, the thundering of bis cannon {in the rebel Congressional halls, and the lively antic!pation Of being “bagged” on the part of the mombers, will materialiy add to their nervousness. EUROPEAN NEWS. The steamship Americ. from Southampton on the 26th of October, reached this port yesterday morning. Her news is three days lxtor. Some London journals expross the opinion that the Presidential election in the United States will be a very “ fiery ordeal’’ for ihe North, bus that Mr. Lincoln bad a very good chance of succoss if the Union arms contiuucd triumphant in the field til the eve of the contest. It is Gluimed that Kart Bind, Garibaldi, Mazzivi, Ledru Rollin, and the leading ‘ Reds,” favor Mr. Lincoln in sentiment in the abolition “* platform.” The American chip Senator, at Queenstown, was boarded by tho rebel privateer Florida on her voyage. A now éteamship, suppoeed to be intended for the rebel service, made her trial trip off the coast of France, She is a very fast vescel. ‘The French and English journals publish reports from Moxiwo very favorable to the imperial cause. Barracks were being prepared for the reception of ten thousand ‘men of the foreign legion, (rom Belgium and Austria. A large detachment of the French army would leave soon alter their arrival. Some few commercial firms, in London and Ieeds, failed during the three days. Jt is said that the condi. tion of the trading community in Liverpo® had im- proved. It was reported, but again devied, that the Fmperor Napoleon, the Ozar of Russigand the King of the Bel- giane would meet*in council at Nice. ‘The Italian Partiament was in session. Important de. Dates were likely to occur on the subjects of the change of capital to Florence end the negotiation of the Frauco- Italian treaty. The Gfand Jury of Middlesex county bad found a true Dill against Fraoz Muller, They examined nine wit- nesses out of fifty-one subperm 1. }t was settled that the trial would commence October 27. The Liverpool cotton market was active on the 25th of October, and its tone imyroved. Surats and. Rengal advanced from one penny to one one-fourth penny from Friday, the 21st ult. 25th of October at 8044 a £9'¢ for money. The rebel cotton loan declined one per cent. Brendstofls decliced in Liverpool. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. The steamship Ariel arriv d at this port yesterday from New Orleans, but brought no later dates than those of our despatches published in Sunday’s Hwtitp, for- warded by the Freving Sar and Merrimac. An express train from Dankirk for this city,on the Erie Railroad, ran off the track at Callicoon station yes- terday morning, from the misplacement of a switch, and about fifty persons were killed and wounded. We give fo anotaer column some particulars of this terrible a‘Tair , ‘as well as of the recent fear‘u) railroad accidents in Jadiana, and near Chattanooga, Tennessee, ‘The alleged defaloation in the Yercantile Bank of this city is the prominent theme of conversation in Factory- ville, Staten Island,jwhere Windsor, the alleged defaulter , resided. We publish to-day an interesting account of his late home and. all its surroundings, gathered with much care by one of our reporters. In this will be found some facts relative to the babits and ners of the accused, the extent and value of bis sins, aod other use‘ul taformation. Gerrit Smith spoke to a large congregation last evening im Dr. Frothinghani’s church, im Fortieth street. The subject on which he dilated was the duty of the hour, running, as usual, into the question of slavery, an insti. tation which be said will perisn utterly with the sup- pression of the rebellion. As a means to accomplish tbat resalt, be urged all the loyal men in the congregation to support the present administration. Rev. Dr. Thompeon delivered an interesting discourse Inst night in the Broadway Tabernacle to a crowded eudreace On ‘‘The Nation's Choice of Life or Death” —the subject haviog reference to the approaching Presideatial election. During his addrees the reverend gentiewan read extracts from letters written by Generals Sherman and Ransom, telling the people of the Nerth to have no fears for the success of the army, but warning them that ‘the only danger that is to be apprehended may be looked for from sobeming disioyalists at home. Contributions in money or provisions are solicited by the pairiotic ladies and gentlemen in this city who de- sign sending a Thanksgiving dinner to all the soldiers in the armies of the Potomac, James and Shenandoah, snd ‘the sailors of the North Atlantic squadron, The commit- tee baving charge of the matter meet at the Union League Club House. ‘The weather being so very fine and pleasant, yesterday, the Park wes throoged with visitors, in carriages, on horseback and om foot. The Fifth Massachusetts (one hundred deys men), arrived im this city last night, on route home, their me baving expired. Dr. Wolff, arrested on the charge of having produced an abortion on the person of Catharine Hoffman, who died at Bellevue Hospital om Saturday, was yesterday honor- ably discharged, after ® coroner's inquest, it being de okded that the woman's death was caused by am aberess. Tax Caaos or Poxrrioat, Macntves.—There are but two parties, and the issues between them are broad and distinct; certainly quite distinct enough for any politiciam to know which party he belongs to, if he belongs to any. If candidates for office desired redily to represent the people and serve the country and not themselves, they would be found ina time like this olearly on one side or the ether. But bow is # in our city nominations? There was never before such a muddle of private interests and political machines. There are po less than eleven organizations with candi- dates in nomination for county officers, and six that run candidates for Congress. Tax Drrrerency.—There have been held several great charitable fairs during this war, but two that are especially wortby of notice. Both were devoted to the great purpose of ralsing money to alleviate the sufferings of wounded soldiers. The great fair held to benefit the brave fellows who fight for the Preservation of the United States government was held in New York city. The fair heid for the benefit of eoldiers wounded in the attempt to destroy the United States govern- Ment—the soldiers of the so-called confede- racy—was held in Liverpool. Thin Is per- feotly proper. These ‘two cities are respect- ively the mercantile and foancial oapfiale of the two Powers that are at war. This fact only maker it atill plainer that it ie England wear Sighting, wud not half @ dozen revolted States Conso's closed ia London on the « The Great Conéest Te.merrow—The Cause of the Country. Between the rising and the setting of the sun to-morrow the question of the Presiden- tial succession will be determined in favor of Mr. Lincoln or General McClellan. Party ex- citement runs bigh. Scenes of revolutionary violence bave been apprehended ; fearful re- ports and ramors of dark conspiracies bave found credence even at the State Department; gigantic schemes of fraud are said to be con- templated, and many other dreadful thiogs. And yet we dare say that the election will go off quietly, and that the results in every Slate will be accepted as conclusive by all parties concerned. The precautions taken by federal, State and municipal authorities for the main- tenance of law and order at the polls will, we think, deter the disorderly from any serious disturbances of the public peace, while we guess that the committees of vigilance on each side will serve to keep the ballot boxes pretty clear of spurious votes. The issue is between the party in possession of the general government and the party desiring possession—between republicans aud demo- crats—between Lincoln and McClellan. Upon whose shoulders reat the causo of the country? That is the queation. If we may believe the demooratic journals, with the re-election of Abraham Lincoln we shall have an absolute military despotism established over us; we shall have another draft, a war of extermina- tion against the South for negro emancipation, a doubling of our federal taxes, a collapse of the federal treasury, a grand financial revul- sion, universal bankruptcy and various other horrible misfortunes too numerous to men- tion. According to the republican journals, with the election of McClellan the Chicago peace copperheads will rale the roast, there will be “‘a cessation of hostilities,” a with- drawal of our fleets and armies from the rebel States, a surrender to Jeff. Davis, a Southern confederacy, two ar three other confederacies, a general break up, universal anarchy, and the reign of ruffianism and mob law, repudiation and spoliation, the length and breadth of the land. “Look on this picture and then on this,” feilow citizens, and make your choice. But, on the other hand, if we may credit the democratic journals, the election of MoClellan will be a peace offeriag 80 accept- | able to tho rebels, Jeff. Davis and all, that they will instantly lay down their arms and begia to sing and dance for joy—that Davia will forthwith open negotiations for the restora- tion of the Union on the acceptable plat- form of State rights, and that glorious peace and broteply love, North and South, will prevail. Then the republican or- gans quite a6 positively assure, us that Old Abe’s re-election will bring down the rebel coon without firing another shot; that the last chance of the enemy depends upon this election; that with the success of Lincoin there will be a rumbling and a crumbling of the Davis confederacy as if shaken to the ground by an earthquake; that peace and reunion, on the basis of human freedom, will speedily follow; that greenbacks will then rise above par, and we shall all be rich, virtuous and happy. With McClellan we are to be restored to the promised land of the “constitution as it is and the Union as it was,” while with Lincoln we are to be ushezed into the millennium of the “Union as it ought to be.” Fellow citizens, examine their respective claims, weigh the chances and pick out your map. Seriously, however, while we have no hopes of Paradise regained with:this election, we have no fears of the destruction of the country with the success of either Lincoln or MoClel- lan. Each is a failure. Neither of them was the candidate of the leaders of his party. The choice, Old Abe or Little Mac, is rather a choice of evils than a choice of excellencies; but still, this way or that way, Lincoln or Mc- Clellan, it isthe fixed resolve of the people that the rebellion shall be put down, that the Union shall be saved; and so it will be. On the one side the mischievous, fanatical aboli- tion faction has been pushed by the course of events into the batkground, and can do no fur- ther mischief, while, with McClellan’s success, on the other band, “the feeble screechings of the copperheads will be drowned ia the over- whelming Union sentiment that will be brought to bear upon the administration. The course which President Lincola is now pursuing in the prosecation of the war is a guarantee of his course if re-clected; but Gene- ral McClellan is broadly pledged to substan- tially the same course, and, if elected, his pledges the honest masses of hie own party, the necessities of his position and the pressure of public opinion wili hold him to. While, therefore, we regard neither Lincola nor Mc- Clelian as a first class candidate, we cannot be- lieve that the defeat of the one or the other will be the ruin of the country. AruixG rae Stavrs.—In one of Jefferson Davie’ late speeches he acoused the loyal people of the North with exciting the passions of a “servile race” to “fiendish malignity.” And yet to this excited and servile race the rebels are beginning to look for protection and safety. This proposition is now generally dis- cussed by their few remaining rebel presses with considerabble approbation. We look upon this event, if it takes place, as likely to be one’ of the moat remarkable of our time, and is a clear foreshadowing of the fall of the so-called coafederacy. It is impossible to believe that any considerable body of shaves can be armed, oven with such inducements 15 are to be mado to them, or that, if arwed, they wil rally to the support of their masters. The probabilities are that they will rather take prompt revenge for their real or supposed grievances, and fight as desperately against their former owners as did the siaves and gladiators in the time of the Romans. Nor will they consent te fight under any half way promises of freedom, but will require the emancipation of a)l their brethren still iv cap- tivity 04 well a8 themselves, Black human natare is very much like white human vature, and therebels, in putting arms into the hands of their slaves, will be giving the last and fatal blow to their own onuse, and pasa under the yoke of a race whose mercies, under some conditions, are the most terrible croeliies. in the very firat battle in which these slaves are forced, they will beyond all question throw down their arma. “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.” Tar Apsonsina Question.—The absorbing quertion among’ politicians is, “Who wrote August Belmont’s Cooper Snstitute apesont” One balf of Bolmont’s ten thousand dollar bot ought to Le paid te the men who ean golve the mystery. The Vimanctal Scheme ef the Rebeis— The Attempt to Deceive Earope, As the condition of the rebel confederacy grows more hopeless, the efforts of its mana- gers become more desperate. They cannot properly be called rulers, for they have very little left to rule. Nearly all their territery is gone, they have but one port left into which a vessel may by accident enter; what remains is in a frightful state of confusion, disorganized, impoverished aud distracted and they perceive their last hour near at hand. In this extremity, with Hood’s army broken up and in full flight, and Graat thundering at the gates of Rich- mond, what is to be dono? Write a circular, says the horror-stricken Davis, and Benjamin does it. Frighten the German capitalists, says Davis. Iwill do so, says Benjamin, and he springs his rattle. We do not remember, in all the civil or uncivil wars of Europe, that ever a foreign secretary undertook to overthrow any country with which bis own was at war, by attacking its pecuniary resources. If it was ever attempted it proved a failure, and Mr. Benjamia will sueceed no better in this in- stance, Notoriously the United States—for the largest portion of them are so, being yet twenty-five in number—bave never asked a dollar of money from any foreign State or any foreign bankers, though the latter, on more than one occasion, have been ready to lend us all we wanted in specie. A sort of lottery loan on cotton for a few millions waa obtained by the rebels in Europe; but no second ‘attempt has been made, as the borrowers are known to be insolvent and the security, most of it, gets into the United States Treasury. Mr. Benjamin seeing, there- fore, the hopelessnoss of the rebel finances, undertakes the renegade task of decrying the responsibility of the parties he has helped to rob. Whatever money bas been invested in our seourities by Continental bankers, has been placed there of their own accord, proprio motu, without solicitation, and the interest on it has been regularly paid them in gold. Mr. Benja- min’s circular will not therefore have the least influence on the foreiga market. The circular states that the debt of the United States on the 1st of May next will exceed that of Great Britain. Now the debt of that coun- try is about four thousand millions of dollars, while at the present moment ours is but two thousgnd-millions, funded and unfunded. If it increases at the rate of two millions a day, on the Ist of May next the total amount of the debt will then be only about two thousand three hundred and sixty-two millions of dollars, of which about five-hundred millions bears no in- terest. So that Mr. Benjamin’s‘assertion falls short of the truth by nearly two thousand millions , Indeed, in the table annexed to his circular there is its own complete refutation. He next attempts to show that to meet this debt we are already the subjects “of the most onerous taxa- tion ever imposed on @ people.” Now while the taxation of the loyal States has not yet in avy way approached the severity of that under which the rebels groan, it is also certain that it in no way imposes the burdens which are this day laid on the people of France, England or Austria, even in peace. While here no war tax hac been laid on landed estate, in Austria it ia even now sixteen per cent on all the products of the land in the country, and twenty-one anda half per cent on all house rentals. Licenses, stamps, are many hundred per cent higher than with us. An agreement of an ordinary stock company with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars costs Yhere, to make it legal, six hundred and twenty-five dol- lars; and here, but five cents per shect. The whole schedule is on the same enormous scale, in every part and parcel of its items. In Great Britain, as every one knows, the people are taxed from the cradle te the grave, and in every possible shape. A patent in England costs eight hundred and fifty-one dol- Jars; here, about twenty-five dollars. The license tax on whiskey is here one dollar and fifty cents per gallon; there, two dollars and forty-three cents. Stamps, licenses, probates, indentures, are more costly, in most instances, by hundreds per cent than with us. Tea is taxed two hundred per oent, tobacco about seven hundred per cent, and soon all the articles of necessity the tax gatherer takes an enormous proportion. In France it is no bet- ter. Everybody pays taxes there, whether he has property or not. Mechanics, eooks, re- tailers, street venders and shoe blacks pay large sums for liberty to ply their trade, though living from hand to mouth. Real estate is heavily taxed, so are doors and windows; every man’s head is texed, and the tax on fermented liquors and tobacco alone is equal to the whole imterest we are now paying on our national debt. Mr. Benjamin's statement is, therefore, without the least basis of truth. He makes another assertion of the same falsity, vig.:—that if we carry on the war another year it will be absolutely impossible, even “with entire unanimity,” to moet “our obli- gations.” If we should not do so we have at least a precedent in the rebel States. But we are not only unanimous in the determination to pay, but have the means to do so. While the wealth of Great Britain in- creases decennially at the rate of thirty-seven per eent, ours is advancing at the rate of one hundred and twenty-six per cent. While her Population increases at the rate of about fifteen per cent every tem yeare, ours incroases in eighteen new States and Territories at the rate of one hundred and thirty per cent, and in the free States together at the rate of nearly forty-two per cent. Our population in the whole Union will be, in 1870, 42,328,432; 1880, 56,450,241; 1890, 77,266,989; 1900, 100,- 355,802. The population of Great Britain is limited by its area, and even now cannot sup- port Itself, while’ ours hes no appreciable limits in this reapect. There never was a nation on which @ dobt will shortly sit as lightly as ours. Our gains are not counted as in France and England, by the an- nual accummulations of interest, but by the rapid compounding of capital, an extraordi- nary rise ia the value of lands, in the sudden growth of cities and towns, like Chicago or Brooklyn; in the enormous increase of our in- ternal commerce, and in the exhaustiess pro- ducts of gold and nilver from the Territories, sa well as the precious, but more useful metals. There is no nation on the face of the globe so full of nataral wealth na ours, or peopled with a race more ingenious and indus- (rious. So Mr. Benjamin may as well give up (he attempt to orp down our resources and our credit, Whe bas any skill ia figures he had botter assist his own Secretary of the Trensury in ascertaining what in te become of the rebel @ebt, now not worth one cont om the dollar, tion decimated by an unhely rebellion, and its | ts said to Lave been discovered Had the whole material interests set back in bloed and | directors of tits bank attended to their busi- poverty for balf « century. Northern and Southerm Arnries—The E@ctency of Ome and Demeraiisation of the Other. One real truth has finally made its way into the heads of the Southern leaders, generals soldiers and even editors, and that is that a complete demoralization prevails in the South- ern armies. Hood’s vagrant marauders, wan- dering miles from the line of march, announce it at every farm house where they can steal a chicken or @ dollar; and Hood himself an- nounces it in general orders; Early does tho same; Davis tells it, whispers it, shouts it, and makes as much as he can of it in the Gath and Askelon of the confederacy; and the Rich- mond Enguirer declares that the rebel army “will not fight im retreat;” that it is worthless as an army, and that if it is not reorganized the Southern cause is lost. All this is uo- doubtedly true, Since the first year of the war there has not only been no improvement in the rebel armies, and inthe effective war power of the rebellion, but there bas been actual de- terioration in all. At the commencement the prospects of the South were auspicious for success in war. On that side were all the officers of the old army who were supposed to have any more than ordinary ability—Albert Bydney Johnston, Joe Johnston, Leo, Beaure- gard, Bragg, Lovell, Gustavus Smith, Long- street, Magruder—all supposed them to be very great men. And one of the products in leader- ship of the first year of the war was Stonewall Jackson. The South had in its President a man who was supposed to possess for war administrative talent of the highest order, and it had as many men as it could handle and more than it could arm. Its population fell into line also, and assumed a military form with great aptitude. Bull run, the first con- siderable battle, was a most decisive Southern victory. It ‘seemed as if the South would go Into existence as an independent nationality without the necessity of any real struggle. Our advances made in the West wore made |- with such uncertain steps that we were never certain of the permanence of any acquisition. And in the East the military Southern success at Bull run was followed by the annihilation of McClellan on the Peninsula, of Pape in front of Washington, and the advance of the rebel forces into a loyal State. The rebellion went ahead splendidly. On our side, in the same period, there was a most abundant will on the part of the people; but as to aj! other material neces- sities of war we were in a state of help- lessness. men in overwhelming’ numbers, and that was all. We had no man able to put them to the roper use, Fifty thousand of them died without any result. Our part of the war was administered with a general and par- ticular imbecility without parallel. Every functionary was busy with contracts, and the enemy was left todo as he choose, Our senior major generals were Butler, Fremont and McClellan, and their most distinguished subor- dinates were Halleck, Pope and Burnside. None of these were able to handle properly ten thousand men. Great battles were great, purposeleas slaughters; and even when the enemy was driven it had but little better effect upon the war than when it was the other way. But how is all this nowg On our part there has been an immense progress. We have grown into the war, and have great armies, Since the accession of General Grant to the chief command those armies have been handicd with a purpose and a skill beyond all praise. We are making gigantic strides to the final success, Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Knoxville, Atlanta, the Wilderness, Spot- sylvania, Coal Harbor, the Weldon road, Opequan, Fisher’s Hill, Cedar creek. Such is the summary -of the blows delivered in these later months of the war, and that have brought the rebellion to its knees. Every one has had great results, and those re- sults.have not been suffered to escape. And under the,great soldiers that the war has made— under Grant, Sherman, Sheridan and Thomas— wo shall go on in the future in the same magnificent way. While we have made this splendid progress, while our armies have become efficient and all the worthless leaders have been set aside, the South fs where it was in the first year of the war, [if even ités no worse. Its great leaders, chosen from the start, have all proved failures; nor has it found any new ones. Jobnston is laid aside as worthlesss—he was one of the Bull run heroea—and the man that was put in his place is Hood. Beauregard was anotber Ball run hero—he also has proved a failure; but, fortunately, he is mot yet laid aside. Bragg was another great leader, and has «l- most constantly failed in the many attempts he bas made. So has Longstreet. Lee is the only Southern keader who has maintained an even respectable reputation through the hard trials of wae. All of our presont great sol- diers have been developed and brought for- ward in and by the war; but where are the new men that the war has brought out in the rebel armies? The first and the last of thom is Hood. Perhaps the rebel armies are not absolutely worse now than they were at the commencement, but they are no better; and the fact that makes them seem worse is that in the commencement they fonght with our raw aud newly raised men, and now they fight with steady, well trained, veteran soldiers. iis makes the eontrast, and shows to the Soutborn leaders the real worthleseness of thoxe troops that they thought were such splendid fellows when they drove our frightened militia from Bull ron. This is the reason why we hear of no more Southern victories except in the Rich- mend papers. Who remembers the last South- ern victory? Chancellorsville, fought eighteen months ago, was the last Southern victory in the Kast; and Chickamauga, fought @ year ago, was tho last in the West. And neither of theso ‘wasa soldier's battle, where the two armies are brought fairly face to face and each has a chance to win. One was a victory over Hooker, the other over Rosecrans; and the bat- tles were lost through the failure’ of those men and not of their armies. But they were the last Southern victories, and they will remain the Jast. Binoe those battles we have gone fur ward under other men in one continuous carcer of triumph, and we will keep on ic until there shall be nothing ‘eft of the rebellion but the borrible record it bas made in our national \istory. . Tux Reoeet Bank Derarcation.—The direo- {ors of the Mercantile Bank bave offered a large reward for the arrest of thatr absoonded teller, fa whose nocounte « defaloney of $240,000 We had hardy, brave and earnest’ ness properly no such sum of money could ever have been abstracted. Here wasa teller who only received a moderate satary, and yet lived in splepdid style on Staten Ieland; but it would seem that none of the directors took the trouble to examine his accounta. Ie this the way ia which our banks are man- aged? Do bank msnagers thus neglect the trust confided to them? We hold that in any well regulated establishment such enormous peculations are absolutely impossible. Onx Vore rer Mixvurz—Imporranr Com SIDERATIONS FOR THE VoreRs IN THIS Crry.— The recent registry of names in this city shows that upwards of one hundred and twenty- six thousand names of citizens have been regiar tered to vote to-morrow for President of the United States, There are probably about five thousand more who have not been regis- tered who will go tothe polls tovote. This fact shows the importance of every person doing all that he can to prevent any obstrue- tion at the polls, and the necessity of doing alt in his power to facilitate rapid voting. The , sun rises on that morning at six o’clock and forty-one minutes, and sets at forty-seven minutes past four o’clock, giving just ten hours and six minutes “for voting. There are twe hundred and twenty-three poll districts. If therefore, one vote is polled every minute im each of these districts, 134,138 votes can be de posited. Asa matter of course there will be many delays at all the polls by challenging voters, which will necessarily take up com siderable time. There will probably be from one hundred and five to one hundred and ten thousand citizens apply to vote, and in order to get all their votes in it will be necessary that a vote shall be received at each of the districts on an average of one in every minute and ahalf. The voters will therefore see the necessity of going to the polls early, to vote with all the rapidity possibile, step one side, and allow others to do likewise. The inspeo- tors and polling clerks should also discharge their part of the duty as rapidly as possible, and not place any embarrassment in the way, and thus prevent any legitimate voter from oasting his vote. Every person in this city is in-) terested in having a full vote polled. mer? cially is this the case with the numerous ci didates. Let every one, therefore, make it hia special duty to help forward the voting te morrow. Vote early and lose no time. PrrvaTners AND Pwares—Once more the — confederacy has become active on the sea. It has sent out of Wilmington some privateers that are making great havoc among the merchant ships and smal? craft on the coast. Certala, Englishmen have algo sent to sea another ship that is to ‘cruise as a pirate against our com- merce. This ship is to be, if she is not already, commanded by the runaway prisoner, Sémmes, and she will claim to be a Confederate man-of- war or privateer; but she has never been never will be in a rebel port, and she is, therefore, purely and simply another Engli built, English armed and English manned pt rate. Now isthe time for the Navy Depart, ment to exhibit some energyand show the world that we mean to vigorously use our grea! naval power. Weare able to cover the sea with cruisers fit to cope with this ship, anc should do it at once, and not trifle wit! ter by eending one or two ships here and there) as wo did in the case of the Alabama, Georgi: and Florida. Two months ought to be the ox treme limit of the Sea ar career, and ter tor days ought to finish the {cKamaigia ao Tallabassee. Wake up, Gideon. Tux Cry Junorsup—A Worp 10 Jom McKxos anp District Atrornsy Haut. —Wil liam F. Howe, the McKeon candidate for Cit» Judge, has a very ourious record. In 1859h made an affidavit in the Supreme Court that » was citizen of the United States, and we then admitted to the bar. In 1863 be mad another affidavit, in the Superior Court, thd he wasan alien and a subject of the Quee of Great Britain, and he then became natura’ ized. If one of these oaths was true how coul; the other be? In the face of such facts it wir be useless to vote for William F. Howe, ash could not hold the office even if he should bap pen to be elected. Every vote cast for his, therefore, will be thrown away. Mr. John McKeon, whose organization nom nated liam F. Howe, owes it to the cour the bar, the public and himself, to take imm{ diate notice of this false swearing and of fraud committed upon the courts. Mr. M Keon is a reputable citizen and a leading moi ber of the bar, and he cannot consent to 00) nive at and endorse such nefariqus practicg We expect to hear from Mr. McKeon upo this subject at the General Term of the preme Court to-day, and we are sure that he w: not need to be reminded of his duty in premises by the judges of that court. As soc as the election is over District Attorney Ha | will undgubtedly bring the matter before & Grand Jury and obtain an indictment for pe jury. Mr. Hall is too vigilant a public offic to allow a euse like this to pass unnoticed wapunished. Mr. Hall may obtain further ticulars by application to Edwiu James, Sag ex-member of be British Parliament, now ¢ this city. H If such candidates are nominated and say ported at the polls it will not be long befo, we shall choose our judicial officers from ta State prisons and the penitentiaries. ry nw Iserirerions ow Tr é Rervsuican Instivvrioxs on Trrat.—In past four years we have illustrated graudiy physical and financial power of a great rep lic. We have put in the field larger and bet armies than any other Power on the could muster in the same time, and we with comparative ease an expense grea’ than any other government coul to-morrow our republican great put to » sevorer test than any merely py cal one. That day will test our moral powe: the real control in our minds of the demoor: idea, that the opinions of the larger number abl, prevail. Will we in these stormy times ans to that test of greatness with the moral gre } deur worthy of the cause that we alone sent among all the civilized communiti historyt Having faith in the people, in intelligence, in their moral greatness, we . lieve that we sbail through that gr struggle with our character as republicans soiled by any demonstration of rufa inatincte—any resort to brute foros. One Dat ro Tue Country The election morrow is one of the most important that present generation will participate in. impertant that « fall expression of the fons of thie metropolis, as well a A ns