The New York Herald Newspaper, October 13, 1863, Page 2

ot Barper’ Woo of that tins by ry have reaoted to the advantage of the canal, and iy this latter modo of communtostion has boen Uargoly used in oon vey ing 00a) to Georgetown for the uae of the government, The brauch to Alexandria bas bec cut off for the last two yours, the mullitary authorities having seized upon the aqueduct over the Potomac at Georgetown, tot the water dow out, acd used the bed of the canal a3 a wagon road. Tho length of the vanal ts ove hundred aud eighty four miles and @ half, aad its cost ten and @ half 0 rébols in the reg! millions, Tho James river and Kanawha Canol, tn Virginia, nvecting these two rivers, iSalsoa very importint work ngth sone hundred and forty-eight mites, aud its © st $3,1%,280. Since the rebellion broke out there heve be vorts of the gale @f this work by the State tos Fronel company; bat the etact acts of the case are not sily to be gotat row. The total length of canaim in chou ‘ plod States may be seb down at or sand ive burdeed Aba word) mutlay 4,000,000. ete CA BREIWLEN THE ATLANTIC AND VACIEIC. W2 1eoeML Yocupation oF \ uy si sed Lon ¢ Mune. dv Belly eu sich « | t, aad Count Raousget ste | os enna aceoRg tho ttt wt lu the. Pacific. Such a | ty large, won'd bicre and: prosperity of would bring Uh Wy ed the project su mr & powert onic Ube whol: American coutiuent, a8. Lani and tacit seaboard Gwosthinds nearer ta 6 yer for commercial purpwset tives hey mew «re; Various solos dave heen proposed, wit ike ing, mere ordess tires | dacks. Te @istamee. from sea 10 sea by tL { of Tehxanieges is, tn a. straight Line ape bunriredand forty amilos, the lowest su evs Seven huadeed feet above the sea. 9 It iz 4 | Coat cog Gbject oF tho Prenci invasion is to seopre the wtrolof this isdumus. Tie Nicaragua rents presen te fowce difleuilies aud greater faciilaies for such a work, ap the Sau Juan river and (ke Nicwr } us eouid be Lirsee Frou this lakes ea! lve constructed Lleol hig ver, wud so weat- ius *would require Cron miles op eaual, he entice length of | Grey town, on the Athuntic, to | about these hundred mves. Another coute seo Luke Nwarasus to Realgjo is gone | forty mies sl aud a tird oO} famarinda ig still | shorter, Dut mexther of these latter routes has € good ter munis Ga the Pacitie Phe Panama line has gwety to one hone iP aud oayigation fron Hoosera, ob the Vacille, be sid its adyooites before Lae opening of the Panane failroad, and may styl haya. Hut the dificultics to b> surmou ted are of the most fer mufab > charac A ship canal, whether of the elev tion of the railroad (Girce | wadved feet), or at the | tvel sed by € one of the engincers who su veyed the runte, would co Tt (ret ascends due north, through (ire works On @ pigauti> scale; inched a | five degiaes of tatitude, the entire lengti of Lake conne! for <bips one hundred gud tweaty Ave deet in in |) then, describing ® clr of ene buadret terior height, minety-seveh feet wide and vearly tre wiles eng, with thirty-three kexs. Anotier engines’, Mr Moret, professes to have « roote af whiten tho autnmit level is but forty fect above the sex. If this Wt itis coerm by other authoritio rom sea to sea, nay gable by the largest bly be made withont @ lock Sti anethor route across the isthma pointed out by Haraboldt more than tlt a8 sultabie for a ship emul. ¢ inner part of the Gull of Derien up the rives Atrato, thexco wostyard along its brancls, the Naipi, and thitough a iow Waet oO ground to the river Cupiea, w into the acl. The whole lengtti of the iine te & word so ( ola » falhs mt | great ext | degre of NEW YORK Proceeds to ttlustrate ite vaat commercial importance It showe that the commerce of the lakes, carriot in feet COMpOKed Of 1,643 veasols and stoamer-, roaches in waluo betwoon $440,000,000 und 9600,000,000 per annum The Commerce of the Missiagippi and its great tributaries, be foro the rebellion, it is believed, was not less ia value, A direct anion between thoso waters wilt bo like the upton of tn ie two coowns, Tho Sees Canal does Bot COmparo rtanco with @abip canal from the Stissisetppi to while tho outlet (o to Azlantio by the oaat is ejially Myorablo to the estmereial develagmont and un'ty four cowntry, Lt te claimed that we have reachod 4 port where, with our presomt means of transportation, | the wroluction of corm and oshor cereals cannot to any bo profitably inoroased, This position ix sustained tn the mamorial by a masa of statistics which. Apperoully Aro cargdully prepared. 1 ds olaimmed that with the canals colarged as propysed, praduction may bo simulated a Ludrodfolt, and till yieid a fair profit to + |, She producer, ag lorrilory west of tho Takes to the Kocky Moanta.os,and from Cairo, aod even Momphis, north to a1 lochiding SMiaaosola, will be wrought practionlly th dreds of miles nearer imurkot, lucrorsing ia value every nore of land thoughout tis vast area, aiut tie trade of ho: Masiosiphli Vatey wil at oo distans day be aug- mented bY contributions from the auriferous regions of thy Kocky Mountaiaa, the Valley of the Columbia, and tue Prcitie const. The copper and iron of Lake Superior, the lead of 15 am! Woocangin, the cou Meids of the Giowt basin, and th» silver and got oc the Rocky Moum ain wilt all add to the weaith @nd production of the + Wost _ HKOJEC TED) CANALS IN CANADA. Ocvetanadinn neighbors are not bohtnd ourselves im ‘projects 6° tiie patuée any more than they Are in great eailyomd cater Thoy Lave their Grand Trask and Great Western raiiroads, and their Welland) Ridoau and VG lapids canis, They have the project of a Pa p) {toad 25 we Lavo; and theyfbave also their plan nshipoanal to counset Take Maron wita the river St Bosides this, théy propose, by the Ottawa of the commerce of Lake Michigan froagh their own portala to tae ccem, By this Laat mentionad work Jake Michigan is to be brought ue: hyo ninety milog, to Montreni then to Baituloyand two terdrot and nineicay willos foardr to New York vin Meatroal Buflao. A correspondont 0 che London News sets ont in ® ate nainber of the the at 508 of the pro Don.d Oltawa Canal, Spoiking of tho coat of traasporting the produce of the Northwest to Furape, be says:— t now Wavellod by tho corp ia its transis is 90 eine: 80 linpeded” by obstacies pocesw:tatiog trang sh pin . that the frieght amounts to 150 per cent of (be corto, Abe corn at ils pointot departare. In other every £100 worth of corn shipped at Chicago Ato bring it to kiverpoc!. In this way, of the twoive acd alaif taiilina paid tn 1861 by Pngkod for American com ant meal, seven and 4 half minions were pait lor earr Nor is this wondeful when we oon. F at rente, ‘tho vessel starts from Chic igo, sated almost at the lowest extremitz of anit is twelve degroca helaw the para let t doscands due auth thre laid Atternards, eastorly aires r two huadred) mites, 1 jpasacs throngh tho Weie Canal to the river Hudson, and thea sing south for Inst timo tt desce c ju ig this cirevitous Jonrvey of f eat north, bwicd south, byl it sschipped, Tho c rh is intended for b eoweumption, and “Mie hundred mites it has ed a'ong Dritsh coaste: at then turns off into the ef ihe United States, aud’ is slipped for England vort of New York. It is from the: ses that the freight or wheat cinounts to one-half ibs eat) nd of Indian corp to seven-eighths. Such are Live ditlietilties of tho present route. Tat nite he advantages of the one projected in A cur. Glance at the map wi'! show that if a pass ge could be oundtrom the upper part of Lake jfuron into tuo xt. 2, of Hour to the Miseourt river, mt the ’mouth of the Kafsas river, to Ae aid p int on the humdredth lap Of longitude. ‘bo Hannibal wid 6, Jongh Labirvad, the Pacific tivo 4 Company of vise wrt, an Tino Ustou Pacile Rallrona Com Pany,imay ani with the Kausw company upon emi forms in constructing that part of the line; aud ulbmay Contivue tue ornstruction of the tise Of the Central I’acile Railioad Company ww Califoram, or the latter may con- tinge (ho consircction of tho line eastward, in case either Should got abead of tho other, The capital atock of the Union Vacilic Rulroad Company is one hundred millions of d ars, in one hundred thousand shares of ono thoa- sand doltars cacu, no one person © bold more than two bundr.d shares. Tae government codes to it pub*ic innds f© the amount of five alternate sections por mile on each aide of tho Line; and on the completion of each conseru- tive forty mites of raiivowd and tolograph the company te to receive bonds of the United States to the amouat Of $16,020 per mito, payable in thirty years after date, aed bearing eix por cent interest to lawful currenoy— such bonds to constitute a Met mortgage On the waote line and works and tobe finally “by the com: pauy, The road is to be constructed to the weatera line _Of Novada Territory before tha Ist of July, 1874. For (ures hundred untles of (he taxd, mest mountainous and diicult of construction—that fa, one hundred and Ofty miles westwardly from the casters base ef the Rocky mountains, aad one hundred sud Afty miios e&twardly trom the wostern bane of the Nevada mountains —$48,000 per mile 13 to bo allowed ov the corapletion of each twen- ty miles, and between those two points $32,000 is to be allowed. If all the roads are not comptoted, o as to form ® coutinuous ling of ratiroad ready for use, from the Mis- nourt river 0 tho navigable waters of the Sacramento ri vor in California, by the Bet of July, 1876, the whole works aro to be forfeited to the United Statea, Tho grast of lands fa ono which, when theroad is com pleted and the county through which it runs begins to AW up, will prove to be of ohormous value. The national contribution in bonds, to be repaid eventually by the company, is estimated at about sixty millions of dollars, the entire cost being eet down at one hundrod and fifty imiltions. ” ‘The probable resylta were presented in @ report made to tho House of Ropregontatives in 1860 in the following torms:— A railroad onoe mado Pees tho Atlantic and Pa- cific, through @ healthy, inhabited port! font, will weusibly'acieoé the commerce, t intercourse of world. Kurope aad brought, in effect, much nearer t» cach other, bo mich nearer to Agia. Travelling lines will not only be shortened, but they will be much more speody, hea'thy and inviting, by interposing tho variety of land scenery for the dangers and monotony of the sen. It ts not possibie for your committee (> make any estimate of uniary results which will grow out of such a stimulant jo exterior commerce, but they are confident such a lino of communication will be largely augmented by new ele ments of forgign intercommunication, Results within our own country are ragre easily ap- proximated. ‘ho travel across the eontinca€ will go by the railroad. You can now gofrom any of our citios te St. Joaeph, Missours, by a railrond, for thirty five dollars, The re. maining, say two thousand miles, to San Francisco, at three cents per mile (nearly double tho rates on this bites, woutd be sixty dellars: add for meals and extras ton doliars; total from Kastera cities by raiiroad to San Francisco, one hundsed and five dollars. A passage by auy of our foreign routes costs nearly two hundred dol- tars. By railrond you could go in six or eight days. It wotild be much cheaper, quicker and safer for_passengers travelling from ocean to occan. and they would all take tho railroad route. ‘This demonstration ts irresistible and ijucontrovertible. If the extremes would choose this ronte, intermediate or way travel between the cities of the Atantic aud the Pacitic would, a forticri, adopt this route, Thore is, ag all know, a creative power io a rail- road whieh will double or treble the present California travel. Thoro would then be at lewt ove bundred thou- sand pagsengers passing ono way, or two hundred thon sand trips per annum. These, at sixty doliary each for tho section west of tie Missouri tine, amount to tho BUM OF ees esses sees caress erensenses sey 1 $19,000,000 All be gold’ would bo transported by railroad, and pay three per cent on fi'ty millions... 1,500,000 lawrence near Ment oal we boot! get rid cf che tedions one hit i fourte oo. Bor sevouty six | Mt dangerous voyage through Lakes Huron, Fria, and ad at one hundred and fourteen niles. For ty aix hdatredotie norsn of Rake avi'es Of this distance the rivers ace anid to be Lavigable id the chord of the arc #hick dy ships, for utietven aniles more by toaded boats: and it | re i taro, by tne lekes, the cberd belay « x handred , 0 1 1 r ough 14 mi jos in levgth, aad tye ure one tiousand miles. This supposed “hat a canal inight he cut throush tie se | Ti Ms ieafaate the fide of the rromcel anal maining nineiven miles without any considerable ¢ ty. Captain Vitzroy, au English engineer, who surve ali these Ceniral American , is inelined to that the Darien line will be found preferable to any other for a great ship canal. Tow is the era of great physical works, and as none can be conceived more important than the op ning of a FRENCH CANAL nce was the first country in F rrope to set the exam. ple of constructing artificial means of inland water com: munication on a large scale, Chios bad her imperial cauatof a thousand miles in lenggh for centuries before, channel Letweon the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, we may uaturaily conclude that at uo distant day it will be wadertaken and carried out. PROPOSED SHIP CANAL FROM THE MIS. SISSIPPI TO LAKE MICHIGAN. Last June a convention, to which uearly all the loyal States of the Uaion sent delegates, assembled in the city of Chicago to adopt measures for bringing before the next vongress the great importance of opening # channel of eommuuication between the Mississippi river aud Fake Miobigay, aud of enlarging, in convection with it, the @oks of the Erie Canal. Tne public policy of such an en- Yeeprise was based upon military motives. If such a work were accomplished (he government would be able, im cage of a war with Great Hritain, to dezpateh a fleet of gunboals to the northern lakes either from New Orleans or from Now York But the real argument in its favor waa Its vast commer: cial importance. ‘The plans proposed are— 1. Jo make a slack water navigation of the IMlino!s and Don Plaines rivers, aud to eu! the present Llinoig and Michigan Cana! to such dimen i$ shall admit of the passage Of gunboats and of the largest class of Missiesippi ‘steam 0 Inkee 4. To e the looks of the Erte and Oswego canals of New York to such dimmeusions a= shall pags an iron olad gunboat twenty-tive feot wile and two humdret Jong, and drawing net lees than als feet and six inches water, ‘Why coat of the fires projoct w be about (hirtee millton five hundred th: A dollars, and tne sacand about three million ve Loadred (ba eigd dolar. This project came within a few votes of being warnind out at the lest m of Congres#, and a mime aeten minedand probably successful effort will be imats iat favor at the approaching seesiou ‘The Convention sat for twoor threo days in ® mam moth tent procured for the purpose all the way (rom Boston. It was presided over by Mr. Hamiia, flevt of the Vuited states, and the comnere of the work was Cally fis commuties of the Board o ne ret Sy a Trade in Chicago, and iv ® apeech made by Mr. sumsol B. Ruggiee, who axs rece ly been the United States rapoosemiative at tha Aat cal Congress tn Brussels, The report. presewted dhe f towing fact® as to the physical character of the Mi TWhpi basin or vate: ate embraces between (he Racky Mountains and th eguanies & draimage 6; about 1,240,000 squire miles, which is more than one-half of the area of the Tuited States. The navigable civors tp ie same territory aggrogate length of about $,067 miles The lakes which drain aboat one-third of this (mim age arca are five in number, and aggregate a leugih of 19° miles, dropping into the St. Lewrence river. The com merce of these takes reuhes an annual value o $450,000,000—more tan twice the ocgan commerce o: the whole country. It was carried on ia 1882 by 1,045 | with an aggregate of tonunge, aude value | ‘Tho report discutret the progvoss aud devo'opment of | rman, in which there are vo esttlom;ents of aay Lnport- this groat territory, from the establishment of the drst | ance, snd over or through moustains of atapendous colony, at Mariett , to 1738—just seventy: yoara belght. Bat railroad communication between the Atlautic | Ago—unti! 1860, giving mavy tables, figures, &., showing | the Increase of populatiot from 1900, then numbering + 60,240 souls, and in 1860 numbering 9,068,148, the oy bor of acres of improve land; the increase {n many of the Agricultural products of tho eight grain growing Stat the receipts of certatn products at the port of Clicayo in the difforeat yeare from 1359 to 1862, &e., all of them hay ing 2B Unportant bearing apon (Le aubject. It gave many ra ¥@ to the blockade of the Mississippi ; the pro duce breads or \wportation, the provision trade, the corn erop, the prodnet of which j# now vot Jee than 600,000,000 bushels per annum, mineral + #; Lake mining region, tbe iron productn of | Lake Superior, aggrogating, ia 1942, 115,721 tone, tho fait havin of Michigan, the Product of which to L862 wor oH 1,270,000 bushels, and the probable producé of which ia | 1483 will bo 4,000, boshola, with @ opacity for au ludofivite increase; the golf deposite of the Kocky Mountains (he preseut cost of transportation; the necsa- @ity of addiiioual outlets; & moving the capec.ty of existing catlets, and their entire tp the maltipiioation. of railroads an | entirely inadequate re w tory dependence on Western | Droadstuils, f tation brondstufh, now | amounting to $1 Canada, tho material demand for the bding what gooa through | ly ot Now York, foreign | rthweat, continental | eurplus of vt ources of apply and tho Awyancy; ability to com. 5 pete with foreign markou, ke, Aemall going wo show the vital necessity $0 great works ' The Convention, before i: atjoarned, appointed » com tu ittee Wo have fa @) that the mate ne » tion to Congress. Gat days since, an by the Preside Osounring ui ber ear vie and facta collated, y maturet fot presenta ommictee mos in this city atew | ) opm a memorial to be presented 1 to Congeess, ‘TRY Momorial, after noe of the momnire military impor } Wraversod--ovor two thousand miler— \ ean clyde and the north margin of the valley of the P it-was not till 1683 that the grent Languedoc Canal, or Canal dw Midi, commenced in the reign of Louis XIV., under the anspiccs of tue famous statesman Colbert, was completed. This catial is one hundred and forty-cight miles tong. Its breadth ‘s sixty feot, Its depth six anda half feot, and fts coss was six millions of dollars, Tt con nects the Medite rauean with the Atiintic by way of the river Garonne, Not for three-q sarters of a century after- wards was apy similar work undertaken in Eugland. ‘The first of the kind there wis the B idgewater canal, con. structed in 3759, although there are row nearly five thousand miles of canals in (ireat Britain. The French people have at the present time several canal projects im view, Ono i8 that of the Canal st Louig, which is to get over the obstructions formed by the deposit of sedimentary matier at the mouth of the Rhone, #0 ato make that great river ayatiable for commercial purposes, which it isnot now. ‘This isnot by any means #now idea, It is a8 otd as the occupation of Gaul by the Romans; and doubtless Louis Napoleon will, ia his long expected work pon that subject, notice the fot that Maring as to beable to provision his ariny encamped at Arles Napoleon the First rooponed (hat old Romau work #0 as to Goat barks. Bix miles fromthe zon the river ig a quarter } of a mile wide and from eighteen to thirty feet deop; Dut j te trouble js to keep @ sbi changsi open from that point to thy set This te whet is propaned do be dene by mere of the (1 Cal . which bas bean dociered, by a resent 4 ta douel uiiliig, Wore it 40 wav igetion (dae Boca zou! t vere, port lube New York, Liver aueeas reer, ova a gettm of France. The 62 yw as two millines of dol. ve-haa vot Reogn ex: 5 or tact rede wm wih ghe Suez Sh‘) Canal, and on (Lut ao- efuck We MAY expnat Ubst it wll be paghed forward age imay: Tiare ae ber Canals And public Works projectsdor in (oe © argo! catstreciion oo Frac, by aeuldawed the Fania wad Dieppe ( tage tg merely local Mot core rni, 8 work of 4 Petr voticne de tad, agreat ol of Fiarre—for th is aang: RAILROADB, “Fs TAB VACIPIC RAILWAY. The most etupendoas, eost!y od Lingmetwus wre @oupted probably On this glue 13 (bet to wh. the ap. proyal and ald of the gonera! government waa given et tho eecoud geasion of lant Cougrewa-tue construction of a tine of ratirond from tye Miselesipp! river to the waters of the Pacific, [1 # not moraly tho distacco that is to be hat might deter mon from undertaking such an enterprise; but pesices that is the fuct that Whe road is to be ran through regions | that may be said to be untredden by the foot of ely tized and Pao fic States hus long been rogarded by our people ago military, commercial and soots! necessity, and we are wot Vee poopie to hold back before the didioulttes of any | undertaking. Of course it could not be expected that acy company of capitaliate could be indaced to assume the pecuniary riaks OF a wOrk Of euch magaitode, and from Une operation of whick the most sanguivo could not ex. pect remunerative returns for at ioast Lei the Lilet of a generation, Southern States a was fonad impossible, partiy (rom the crotehet of State rights aud feders| powerlessness, aud i from tlt difflenlty of revonetliag conflicting ioeal wloreste, to obtain & majority yote iw favor of any pro position of this kind, but when the national Legislature wag relieved of the prosenee of the strict constructionists of the South there wane longer any difficulty in the way beyond the ordinary question of Legislative dats The plan on which the road is Lo De constructed New York canals, oo#t of | ‘ug to the act approved July 1, 1862, is a follows: The aot tneorporates certain citizens of the vartove Staten, whose DAME wre mentioned ty It, logetbar witb | five commissioners w be appointed by the Beoretary of he Intortot, and all persour wha may be seeiciated with them and their succestors, @ body / mo and title of ‘Tue Uniow Pacific Raliroad Company," with power to locate, construct, furniah, maintain and enjoy a continuous railroad aad telegraph from a potutoo the hundredth meridian of lougitude weat from Greenwteh, vetween the south margin of the valley of tho Republt the river, in the Territory of Nebraska, to the western boundary of sho Territory of Nevada, thore to moet and connect with the line @f the Central Pacific Rullroad Company of California. It further authorizes tho Levvon worth, Pawnee and Western Ratiroad Company of Kanaat to onortract 4 radroad and telegraph live from Couseqaeut'y (he national government was j appealed to for a subsidy. Bofore the sevegeion of the | curds ‘The mails at prices heretofore cxceeded by Iuid x Trausportation of mon sod munitions of war, same as it now costs for way and through, transportation. + 6,000,000 ‘Total #20,900,080, Without much dovdt, the through and way freight and the way passengers on the Pacific Railroad would not be Jesg than ten miltions a year, which, added to the sum before mentioned, makes the gross proximate income per annum $30,000,000, ‘This sum is sufficient to pay current expenses, and alsd a fair divide wed Sipe timpatet Gost —$120,000,000, If it be the a. 989, hace eBummersied are over estimated, it may be replied that the road —— Reg ee tero a decade of bm as hist will have ‘estern progress will more ‘compen- sate beets errors, sir oe Work has been commenced und is going on simulta neously from the western and castern termini of the lide; end in the course of tem years or less we may expect to foe the great Pacific Ratlroad one of the actaalities of the age, and the North American continent traversed from ocean to ocean by the iron horse, as it now is by the olec- tric telegraph. That will bo the crowning triumph of the century. THE RAILROAD SYSTEM OF THR UNITED STATES. Tn this connection, a glance at the extent of the railroad systom of this country is not Inappropriate. There were, on the Ist of January, 1862, ia the whole of the United States, thirty-three thousand two hundred and twenty- two miles of railroad in actual operation, and seyentcen thousand cight hundred aud ninety two miles in course of opeved the way from up the Ruone to the sea eo | construction, making an aggregate of fifty-one thousand one hundred and fourteen miles, the cost of which is set down at the enormous fguro of eleven hundred and ninety-two mi‘iions four bundred thousand, five hundrod and twenty-four doilars,a cum of money which would go near liquidating our national debt. More than two-thirds of the exten! of liges actuadiy operated was the resalt of the previous ten years’ enterprise; for on the Ist of Jann ary, 1352, our railroad system only represented a length of ten thousand nine hundred miles. The single State of New York has (exclusive of city lines) tworthousand seven hundred and teu miles of railroad. The total cost of the constrzction and equipment of the railroads of this ve of city roads) is given in last year’s an. roport of the State Enginoer and Surveyor at one hordred and furty-ive millions of dollars; and their ag. grogate oarnings for the proceting year at twenty-nine miiions five hundred ant geven thousand onc bundred and vighty follare FRENCH, ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN RAIL ROADS, France had at the same tite in operation six thousrod ‘and fifty miles of railroads: England and Wales about woven thousand; the whole of Great Hritain about ten thousand; while Russia had, between lines opeved aod those projected and in coarse of construction, only two about one hundred tess thay New York bas tn actual exploration. The great Russian lines of raliroad are, or are to be, as follows:— Miles, steers 870 Frou St, Poleradurg to War The Kowno brace ........ From Moeoow to Nishat-Nov gore } From Motoow to Theedosia (the Kaif | Zromn Little Arcbange! to Liban | Totals... ic sage ds Covye 34 | Groat Britain stands at the head of all other nations | for the enormone expensiveness of her railrowd works | tor white our eysiem, comprising over f/ty thousand av of dollars + miles, cost bot abont twelve hundred m hara, of only one-fi"th the extent, cost over ufteou hon | dred mifiions of dollars (£316,000,000). Yhe compensa tlou for land takon for Briti¢h raflroads averagss twouty | por cont of the total cost of the lines i TUNNELS. ‘ reas NNELLI THE ALPS One of the most siapendoas works over undertakow ia | consection with ratiroad building ts the tunnolling of the } Alpe, for the purpore of opeving communication between | Piedmont aod Savoy, The tunnel parses bencath what im kuown as the Frojus ridge, in the wiciwity of Mout Cente | from whieh ft telcos Hl nai, Tt Dae ao average depth of | about a mile below the enrface, and i to be about ight mi'oe in Fength. The height te minetoen foot and the ; widthawenty five, AB ' the qneation, she tunnel hag bean worked from the oxtro- | mitios aloge. Scientific expedients have boon resorted to { to supply the workmen with air, whieb is / ota irom reservoirs, and mado oaofal also in workiug the voriug machines. The mode of operation of these borers is thaw deseribed Si of them, having 0m edge os ‘he shape of | the letter 2, with the mnchloery for driving thom for. | ward, six reservoirs, containing water, which is forced | ma constant jet into tho hole whilo the boring # being | performed, and & gas apparatag, are moutet og a rail | road carriags frame and seat in, The whole worka in @ ' heading aleven foot fix Inches by vloven foot, Tt delves holes {n the rock, varying from two 10 threo fedt, (a about | twenty minutes, These holes can be bored oither hort. | sootally, vortically or obliquity, As many ax eighty are | sometimes driven in the face of tha rock, but all are not | Charged with powder, the object in making mowt of them ) doing merely to facilitate tho breaking up of the rock whon the powder oxplodea in tho others When tho holes are bored the machine W@ drawn back HERALD, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1863.—TRIP! te a mile jn depth were out of } toa distance of about fity yards. Grout hen shut to guard against tnjury to the machinery or workin holes are iiled with powder, whieh is ns of w fuse. There aro tw bluts cvery twenty four hours, Tk reqnires ak time to got Hid of tho foul gases prod Sion and Lo remove tho dobris—frot aa hour to four and & hall houre—so that but slow prosross ts made, _ Not more than five feot of tinuelin, can be done daily, (rom each sido, at lick rate ik would Lake leony ears finish 16 But mechizes arg being made which, it is suppovod, will expedite the work about one third, 60 that six years may Suilice Lo Bee it compioted. ts cstimnaled cost ts three midlions of collars, ‘Tho sides of the Mout Conis tunnel are hood with the excavalé! atone, and the roof with brick work. The walls ard vertical and tho roof aemicirclar, The higing 18 carried about @ foot below the roadway, and makos & mitre jowt with the rock, #0 aa t) convert tho pubatra ‘tum into a nataral tpvert, A Little over a mile, ov nearly tne-wixth of the supsoling i Gaishod. Tne tunnol will have @ oontinnods gradiont, falling from tbe Savoy end to ‘wards Italy at the rate of one in Gye hundrod. The ap proachos aro ratoer steep, boing about one in @ ty on coe side and one in forty on the other, The height of tne tunel above the sea is, at its Italian Guteanco, four thou- sand three hundred end thirty-one fest. A TUNNEL THROUGH MOUNT GOTAARD, The Halie of Turin states that conferences wero lately held at Lucerne for the purpose of discussing the oxpedi- eney of piercing @'tunnel through Mount Gothard. Dele gates from thirteen cantoms and three half cantons at- tended, the population represented by them amounting to about two millious of souls. The two companies of the ‘Swiss Contral and Northeastern lines were also repre Bonted. M. Zing, of Lucerne, read a report drawn up by M, Welti, civil engineer, on tho whole line from Flucten to Lugano. Aceording to one of the two projects present- ed, the tunnel ts to be piercod at am altitude of twoive hundred metres above the level of the sea, and at ove hundred metres above that of Alrolo (Tessin) and Goes chenen (Uri). Its length is one hundred aud fifty throe kilometres, and it may be pierced by ‘the aid of two shafis, one one hundred afd “sixty-six and the otber two hundred and vinety-siz metres in depth, According to the second project the tunrel to be pierced at an altitads ‘upon the rai Woodend of fifteen hundred metres above the level of the soa, } which is that ot the celebrated bospice, will only be pinety-oight kilometres im length; but, ea a set off, the rest of the line passes through the*most unfavorable ground possible, TUNNELLING THE PYRENUBS. A fow years ago Spain was as innocent Of railroad convenionces as she was iu the days when Don Quixotto bestrode his Kosinante and set forth in search of adven- tures for the honor of Dulcinea del Tovoso, The Pons had heard of the modern juvention, and thought, doubticas, thai tho Devil had much to do with it; but the muleteers, ‘as they totled over the sunny vine-c'ad Uills, whistied in stolid indifference, and with full confidence that their bu wsineas was not to be broken in upon by the tireless in dustry and forces of the fron horse. Tho dream, how- ever, has passed; and now the city of Madrid is eonnect- ed by railroad with all the frontiers of the kingdom— with the Mediterranean by way of Alicante, Valentia Barcelona; with the oceau by way of Cadiz, to the south and of Santander to tne north; with Portugal by way of Estromadura and Badajoz, fumed in warlike story, and with Franoe by way of the Basque provinces and run. There are some twelve hundred miles of* line to actual operation out of three thousand for which grants have been made. The government allows 4 sub vention of some $20,000 a mile in aid of the construction munking a total geant of $60,000,000 for this purpose; and the companies alse enjoy the privilege of importing the materials for the work free of duty. ‘The construction of the line to the French frontier necossitates the construc tion of s tunnel through the Pyrenees—almost as great a work ag that of tunnelling the Ajps. It is to be done un- er the direction of M. Flachat, the engineer of the Mont Cenis tunnel, The elevation hero is to be six feet in one hundred, It ts expected that the Pyrenees will be com- pletely bored in 1564. THE HOOSAC TUNNEL. ‘The Hoosic Mountain, lying vetween the Connecticut, and.the Hudson rivers, in Massachusetts, can bear no comparison with the Alps of the Pyrenees; and yet the tunnel on tu6 Troy and Green“eld road falls little, if at ail, short of either the Mont Cenis or the international tunnel of the Akirider. Like those, it cemnot be worked by the ordinary nlethod of sinking shafts, on account of ‘the height of the mountain, but has to be opened from either end. It is four anda half miles in length, aud ite internal dimensions are fourteen by eighteen feet. The material through which it is cut is mica slate. Im 1864 the State of Masgachusetts authorized a loan of its credit to, the company fur the execution ef te work of two millions of dollars, the bonds to be delivered monthly, at the rate of Atty dollars for every lineal foot excavated. TUNNELS ON THB BALTIMORE AND OHIO -* ROAD. We beliove that the extent of tunnels on the Baltimore and Ohio road, in that part of it which runs through tho mountainous section of Virginia, is greater than on any other road in this country, and they have added im- monsely to the cost of that work. The \ogest on the line is the Kingswood tunne', 4,137 feet, or four-fifths of ® mile in tongth, and their aggregate extent i: 12.804 fest, or about twoand a half miles, THE VICTORIA BRI » MONTREAL. And yet none of those cnormous works, and perhaps not ail of them put together, have called for euch on- gineering skill or necessitated suck an immense expendi- tore as the erection of the magnidcent structure over the St. Lawrence river at Montreal, for the ase of the Grand Trunk Railway Company. - ‘The cost of the Mont Cents tunnel t# set down at three millions of dollars; but that is evidentiy too low an est!- mate, The tunnet through the Pyrenees may be set down at tho same figure, as may also the Hoosac tunnel; and, if these figures come near accuracy, the Victoria Bridge has cost ag much ag ali of thom put together, or in the neigh- borhood of ten millions of doliare, OTHER GREAT RATLROAD STRUCTURES, We haye no space for further detalis of these great works, and cen do uo more than refer to a few of them. The tunel built by Me, Haupt on the summit of the Pennsylvania Railroad “was a more dificult undertaking than Bruneli’s famous Thames (annel. \ ‘The starrceca viaduct on the rie rand, built by Julius ‘Adams, i$ @ most stupendous and. magnificent plece of work, ‘The railroad suspension bridge over the Niagara, built by Roobling, is vearly twice the span of Stephenson's gront tubalar bridge in England, tho largest structure of the kind. It is eight hundred feet in one span, The railway bridge that spans the Delaware just below the mouth of the Lehigh river has most colorsal propor. tione, It carries two tracks, one twenty feet above the other, the upper one conuecting the Cehigh Valley road with the New Jersey Central, and the lower one with the Belvidere Delwware, After crossing the bridge the upper track dewcemds gradually, til, atthe distance of about balf a mile, they meet apon the common leve! and are switched off on the same track. ‘The uitimore, Philadelphia and Wilmington Ra read Company i engaged in building @ magaitcent bridge across the Susqnebanna river at Havre de Grace, where up to this thuve tae crossing 1s mado by steamboat RAILWAYS IN TURKEY, AsiA, ETC The Carnaniie and Asiatics hart felt the waye of modern | progress, and have yelded to its force Porf® has awakened from tho lethargy of ages and abandoned the company of bis women for that Of nay yios he Ruphrates Valley Railroad i+ one of the Important Hike botweeo England and India, Low furitiarly wound the iames of the principal pointe on tne line. it ruow from Antioch | neam, to Bagdad, hones skirting the ruins of Babyto the city of Kernan, at the confloenee of the Bap and Tigris, And thovce to the #eaport of Barsorn, wheyce the Gupbestes is navigable down to the Porsian Gulf, and po on'to the Indicn Ocoam. The length of the railroad tive ts 900 milew. Part Of {t is, we belteve, alrondy {9 ao foal operation, its importance, however, as « highway to the Bast, will be considerably diminished on the com. plotion ef the Suez Canal, which will render trangebig meus ouiirely unnecessary, and coable te eteamahive onming through the Mediterranean to enter the Red Soa ‘and sail down it through tho Siraite of Bahol Mande! fate the Indian Ocean In todia the Buglish goyermment is urging forward the construction of railroads, boing principally etimniated thereto by tbe lesire of promoting the profitable culture of cotton, * RAILROAD ACROSS THE ANDES, Aud yet nove of these enterprises can compare, in poiut of magnitude avd difcaity of execution, with the Central Argentine Railway to South Amorica, which is to be car. ried aerone of though the Cordiliorns of the Andee jt 1K SHEET. Tre subline | on the river Orontes, near the Meditorrm | * ERED 7 down a cablo of wom fourtson mild fy length in Northumberiand Strait, aud anothor of about eighty miles im tho Gulf of St Lawrence, botw pan and Nowfoundiand, fa 1456 tho Atiantic penton | bec ee Orgauized, and purchased (rom the News 7 Company i Tight $0 establish @ submaring ing between Kurope and Nowfoundiand, Pho first at’ Cont to lay the cable betwodn Valontia and Rt. Jobus, # August, 1857, failed, the cablo baving, through impore feat machivory, broken tho third day that the Nisgare ASS ares eennres will commen at the city of Roanrto, in the province of | This com; Banta Ko, on Uh8 sight bank of the ta Piais, about two Hundred and fifty ntWes abowe Buenos Ayres. Mom hig sario tho railway will pursue its course io « northwest direction over vast aud fertile piaiva lo Cordova, the coa- tral city Of the plains, two huadrod and forty oven wlieay and would thus torm the great (runk doe, having upow ita South and wost the proymoes of Moudora, Ska Juaa, Ban Luis, and Ube intertor of the province of Bucnom A¥FO#, and on the worth the provinces of Tucuman, Santiago del Kotoro, Supy, Calamarea and Kinja, thok (orn | waa payiog it out, and there was not euongh left on bomrd ing ono of tho mst oxtraordinary combine | that vessel and the Englan vessel, the Agameunon, to Hons fe found tm the anosis of ewilways | strotoh from shore vw shors in (ho summorGlf 1969 the ‘The land conceded by the goveramuent w the rsilway bb 1,600 square miles, or about one miliiva of acres, through the centre of which the railway will pass for coarly 16 whole length. A work of such magnitude, and which has C0 OvOrcome mouptaing at an olovation of 16.033 feet, eroquired 40 be initiated by degrees, and it bad, therciore, boen desirable to timit the present undertaking to tho first section, which was botween iusaro aad Cordova , aud when It produced good dividends, there woud be oo wantof meanatoextend it in tho same manor, The atlompt Was More succamsful, and tho communication be tween tho (id and the Now World was establishod, the ecteomities of the cable taving beow landed, tho one at Valootia and the othor at St. Johos,oa ‘twursday, the Oth August. ‘ On the 16Un the message OF Queen Victoria to President Buchaoan was gent tbrongh, aud although it consisted af Only & buadred words ( occupied @ixteon hours in te (raasmiseion, The Fresident’s response arrived in Eng. Jand on the 10th, On the Yat of September an intorrup- second section would be from Cordova to forguote, | tion took piace, ao that no intelligible messages could be Leaving Gortova, tL would pursue @ course due aorth | received, and after the 20(b of Ootober uot anothor wora along (ha baae of the northera range of the Cordova | passed turough tbe conducting wire. The value of the bills; from thence tt took @ mora woste: di | telegraphic connectioa between the two worlds waa, how- rection, crossed (he —Satinas, or sit tands, and | ovor, exemptidied im tho fact that whtle it was in opera reached Horgyeta, about 260 mitra frem Cordo- | toa the Kagtish government saved about a quarter of « va. The third section commenced ab Horgueta, | militon of dotiara by boing able to countermand an ordew from whence tho railway would pass west by eoulh/be- | which it had proviously sont to the Sixty-second regi tween Point Negro and the Saliuas, over @amooth and | ment to return to Kogland, en woule to India, news of the productive plain, until it reached Riota, the capital Of the | oxtinguiximent of the Sepoy revolt having heen recatyed province, about-one hundred aud forty miles from toeace. | tn the meantime. y Advantage would be taken of «break ina range ef hills | [tis reported that in the twenty-three daya during called Sierra de Yoluso, theough which the railway | which the commuuication was kept up-afrom the 10ue passed, and enterod into the Vailey Heertil, where its | of August to the Jat of September—ihere were (raus- course tormiuated at au alsitude of 7,500 feet above the: mitted through the line two hundred ant seventy.one seas Whon this ratiway ohail have boew carried Out, It | despatches, containing two thousand eight hundred and will be the means of bringing about a line of communion: | eizhty.Ave words, cr noariy fourteen thousand letters, tion between Engiand and Now Zeatand. It will ba por- Tho company, not deterredby theae repeated failures, haps tho moat reraargable railway in tho wortd, tts avor- | fe again in the fled, bas gecuret a capital of three ma- age gradiont peing L Lo 33, and its athsimum gradient be- | Hons ofdollars, and ‘has made a contract with the @rm ing 1 to 28. Of Glass, Kiltott & Co. toulay the Atlantic cable next sum. i mor, The distance is sixteen hundred and forty nautical TELEGRAPM fallen; but, stiowing fifteen fer cent for pevbedi rm AA AAS nnn tuatiength of the cable wiil bo eighteen hundred and SUBMARINE TELEGRAPUR Oigbty vamtical Mmitoa, Tho subsidy fro m the two govere- About a month aince & gontioman who has bean most | Monts is $149,000, The capacity of the line Is calculated Promineutly bofore the public in connedtion with the | abtwolve words a minute, and ils gross revenus, evow outerp Of ostallishing telegraphic communication be | at that low rate of speed, is estimated at £438,008 tween Europe anil Amorica—Mr. Oy rus W. Fiald—reveived | ater!ing--over wo millions of doilars, ‘his ts based oa at Queenstown, fa Ireland, tolegraphic despateies from | tho assumption thet there will be two hundred and forty various points on Lhe throe continents of Luropo, Africa | massages daily cach way, the average communication and Asia, These dixpatches reached him on the ish of | between Groat Rritwia and the continent being Oftese September, aa he was about to atep off from the wostern | hundred messaces daily, shore of Hicope to the E of Amorica,on bis return from a business mission undartaken for (ne pur pose of preasing forward the great work whico i: to carry out the dea of the magician of Engliah poetry and Put @ girdie round aboat the earth tn forty sninutes One of those despatches cams from London, aud may fave been transmitted either through » submarine cable laid down in 1863, between Portpatrick, iv Scotiaud, and Donaghades, in Ireland, or through one taid dows in 1861, between Holytead, in Wales, and Bowth, ia [re land, or by stil! aacther submerged in 1682, between Pembroke, in Wates, and Wes’ord, in Ireland. The 6rst mentioned cabl> is only twenty-iye miles long, but it is of an enormous volume, its diameter being mo lesa thay four inches aud its weight being equal to some sixteen tuougand pounds per mile, It is ten years in service, and has never cost anythivg for repaies. ‘Tho one be- tween Holyhead and Howth i sixty-four mile: tn length, and that between Pem‘rexe and Wex'ord sixty three tiles. ‘The despatch simply stated that (he rebel cotton joan was quite heglected at thirty per cent discount, We expect soon to learn that it is in « Stil! more neglected po sition at ninety per ceut discount; for he is « reckless speculator who would invest iu it at ten por cent. The deapatch noxt in order came from Rome and bore date the second day previous—the L1th of September— 80 that it was two days old when it. reached its atdresa, It merely uoticed the itherality aud wealth of the holy Sather in qeghing seyerg} benevolent establisnments and endowing them out of his own private estates. Weare glad to learn that the Papal finances are in such good con- dition; for we were afraid, recollecting the collections of Peter's ponce recentiy made a}! over the Catholic world, that his holiness was rather short of funds. This despatch must have passed througt: one of the threeoubles between Engiand and the sister islend—tbree probably in comple mentary allusion to the shamrocksthrough the cable between Dover and Calais, laid down in 1851, and which is treuty-ceven miles in length, or that be- tween Dover aud Ostend, laid down in 1855, and which is eighty mites in length, by the laud Line across France, in a southerly direction to Toulon, and thence throngh another submarine cable from Toulon to Corsica, laid down In 1861, and one hundred and eighty. five miles in length; then through a teu mile sea cable across the Strait oi Bovifacio to Sardinia; and it might, if the sea route were preferred, make another trip of twobun- dre: and forty-three miles from Cagiiari or the southern pot of Sardinia to Sicily, and then by an eight mile plunge across the Straits of Messina to the we of Italy's boot, making Its way leisurely, as in daty bound, up to the heart of Italy, the Eternal City. We presume that if the land route were preferred the distance {rom Rome to Queenstown would not be #0 great as by the route we have sketched. We have been only showing how, the water Toute being #elected, the jourpey conld have beon accom. plished. The next despatch received by Me. Field was from Paris, aud dated the same day, September 15. It an- nounced the fact of M. de Persigny’s ation toa duk: dom, aa a reward for bis services to the State and for bie personal devotion to the Emperor, We baye already sketched tho ronte which it must bave taken Away from the fortified town of Rusk, in Asiatic Siberia, comes the uext electric message, and it has only been on ite way sinh five o'clock the previous evening. It wails pers of a climate very diferent from that of the British AGGREGATE OF SUBMARINE LINGS. Without gotog toto details of the submarine telegraphs fow in operation over the globe, we may say, by way of summary, that ir the Old World there are some seven thousaud miles of caite being worked, and ia thie coum- try there are great number of tines, all, with one ex: ception, under threo miles in jongth, but anouating ie tho aggregate to quite a large figare. THE RUSSTAN-AMERICAN LINE. We may expect the successful faying of the Atieatte telegraph to be followed oy the establishment of a com nection between Europe, Asia and America through the Russian possessions and across Bebring’s Straits—a tied which onr commercial agent to the Amoor country—Mr. Perry McDowell Collins —was the first to euggest aud bring before the notice of the Russian government, and of which our present Minister to St. Petorsborg—Mr. Cassiua ‘M. Clay—is reported to have obtainod the concession. New York is now in telegraphic connection with Sas Francisco. It will then be also by this roate in connec: tion v £1 Pekin and St. Petersburg; and with the Atlantis telegraph Mine io hourly counection with London and thé Ruropean coutivent, while London will at the same time talk to Madras, Calcutta and Bombay through the Yer sian Gulf cable, aod to Japan through a branch line. A FRANCO-AMERICAN LINE. There ig algo a projéct om foot to establish a line of tele graph from France to Brazil. The French government has taken the initiative, and the governmeats Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Hayti and Brasil are as having eagerly adhered to the project. , TELEGRAPHS IN ASIA, The grent capitals of Asia are being woven tuto thie network of telegraphs, Madras, Bombay, Caicutts, Sia: gapore, Cochin Chiva, Canton, Pekin, Japan and the Alentian Isles are to be drawn close to the commercial centres of Europe and America. The Island of Java bed sixteen hundred miles of telegraph in operation, in 1668~ ‘and had (qurtcon offices open, the business done for the Year amountingj to twelve thousand eight hundred and seventeen despatches, Thus is civilization being spread through the remotest and moet benighted regions of the earth by aa agency in ignorance fof which all the buried generations lived and died, and the first practical test o ‘whose power was made within the last twenty years, is the transmission of the message of an Amorican Présideat from Washington to Baltimore im 1844. WATER WORKS. PROJECTED PARIS AQUEDUCT. - With a population of one million six hundred thousanc people, about double that of the city of New York, Parte, the second city in Earope, the centre of arts, science and civilization, and older than the time of Julius Cesar, has as yet no artificial supply of wator—no great system of water works like the Croton of this city, the Nassau of Brooklyn, the Fairmount of Philadelpbia, the Potomac water works of Washington, or the Cochituate of Bostes, Its inhabitants are dependent for their supply of wates on the river Seine, with all ite inevitable impurities, and upon an open caoal or ditoh culled the Canal de!’Oureq. The same water is pumped out to the required altitude at cowie distance up the stream, and before it has become Inland, and fella the whole story ia words, divided | absolutely too impure for uso; but only one-fifth of the up into three sentences. They are pithy and siggestive, | requisite quantity is procured in thi: way lest the enp- “Weather quite autumnal. Rain, with snow. Five de- | ply left in the river might prove imsufcient for draining Py grees warmth.” Those five degrees are calculated, of | purposes, It is estimated that the full daily consumption course, oo the Reanmar soalo, and are equiva of water in the city would reach two Lundred thousand lent to forty degroes of Fabreuheit. How was } cubio motret or yards. Guly forty thousand cam be tbat marmor of Rastian snows conveyed over to the western, shore of the Groon Isiand? Did jt sing its courne across the vaet brewlth of Russia and through Germany aud France to the Stratue of Dover? Or came it by the shores of the Baltic Sea into Denmark, and thence acrowa the North Sea into Kogland’ Lat ne suppose it came by tho latter ronte, aa it may have doue, for ju 1559.8 submarine cable was submerged between Fuglond and Denmark for ns jength of three hundred and sixty-oight iniles, spared from the Feine, and the Conad de 1'Oureq furnishes ono hundred and eight” thongand, ao that the sopply of even ench water ae Paris hos fails short of its daily wante by over one-fourth. It lias been well «ai that the de- gree of civilization of w people ix inewsured Ly their clean- liness. Un this baie the Porlsiens would not be ranked very bigh in tbe scale, while the poopie of New York and other Amerioan cities would oocapy the highest grade. However, Paris is beginning to get a#uamed of ner de- Gclenciss in the facilities for eleaniin css, and bas made np | The Jaat of these despatches came from the lend of the | her mind to have an nyneduct. She has discovered that | Pharaohs, from the capiia! of the Ptolemics—from tle | while she furviebes to ber vast population onty one hua | ity Dullt by the great cong weror in whose hogor {t was | dred and Mfty thousand cubic yards of water | namec—from the great Egyptian metropolis whore Marc | daily, ancient Rome, through ber two busdred i Antony spent Lie time and lost the empire of the world | and gity miles of aq wet, Supplied her ct | in fond daliwuce with the splendid Cleopatra. It la dated | tizens with Jaat ton timet the quantity, at Alexandria at nooutio of the day it was received , It reads as follows Avexanuets, Egypt, Sept. 19-1210 A. 0. The Viceroy law retarned from visiting bis catates ta | Upper Reypt. ‘The object of Mousieut de Letsep’e recent mission to { Upper Egypt is unknown, | | "A woet abundant cotton erop is expected in Egypt thi year, The recent excitement in (he cotton market i | mobricing The rise of the river Nile still continves Tondors for the construction of telegraph lives from Reoio to the Loudan are already oat. A liue of talegraph from Beyrout to Coiro, by lang, oc folllion and a bali cubic yards duity, The Purivian of to- day hos just one-twolfth the ration of water aliowed to bin that the Roman of two thousand youre ago sd, and one venth of that now enjoyet by the ci'tren of New York. He therefore think# {{ bigh Lime to inores4e the wmpply. He hae found that the city requiror for § drinklog purposes) forby thousand cabic yarde of water every twenty-four hoarse end thie he proposes to keep | 10 a reservoir distiget from that for genera! parposes— 4 pine which will of conree neces¥itute @ dintinct set of street pipes aod of plambing arrangements ia houses. copies attentions 3 ibis agua pura Le propames to draw from the sources of te the direof Atlantic telegraph frow Ireland t | two gtreams, the Uluix avd the Sormeiia, about eighty. * Newfoundland ' f f , gt wave gove m ttle twe | ‘There te Africa sending greeting to arope and America, | (7% miles from Ruste. Bo a ~ ther—one hundred and five eriiee—to tho river Lire, and her mnegenge coming close upon the beta Mf on¢ from | 94 five hundred thousand cube yards dally—twice pene emptied de pe Ae Much Os Ube presans, negesitier for All purposes bul polnt to such @ miracie ae thats And yer it is oply an be was sfvedd of the expense. AO fer as wocan nee be | Mustratton of the modern develonment of luman intetect hamhows Rimect? in that “yeuuy wise snd pound (ovlish,”* | and power, The route which we have sketched for 16 | 6. we shonld suppose that tien onbt of laymg down « new meeenge from Rome may hare been followed by the 008 | | swore of water pipes through tbe city, which will be wo far as the spas between Sicily 604 | a eeoeary in the Musil! jan and Would be unnewaary encase untocoaseeeaellnntpome Admini, igh oer the larg@ one, wonld more thin counter Bal nee (ho After * two Hoke i the chato~first, one of sixty miles to, 9.4 tm expense tietetoen the bao ertyotie alte, laid down in 135%; and, second, ove of Biteed WAN: | Taste ty gan mautber projact spokow of, which, thous dred wad thirty Ave miles from Malte to Alexamdrie, Wid 1 soosnrs at variance with hydrortatles, is yet sctualiy down in 1861 ¥ feosible. This We to tap the Seine below Parie, nt & dim now this brings us to the greatest of olf auterprises | tance where it hae got rid of ite maddy tmpuritier, and ery aici minke it flow backward ( the city, where {¢ would be THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH, | tained by means of powerful machinery to the helght of to 1451 a company was formed with the intention of | Mont Martre or Mont Valerien { { making Johow in Newfoundiand « stopping ptacefor | = gene transatlaptio steamers, and of conneeting it with New CROTON AQUEDUCT York by a line of telegraph, This gare us the nows from Let a& give the Parisiangen idea of tho wuler works of Kurope two or three days im advance of tho arrival of tha New York. Our city is supplied with eo untied sap ' gtonmor bore of in Boston. In 1864 Chat company trans. | ply of pure water frot the Croton valey "which is oon- | forred the grant to another company, which obtained from tributed by thirty-oue lnkes and ponda, (he aggregate area | the Canadian Lagisinture the exclasive privilogs during | of water to this valley, \ocluding tho tribataries, boing | Gry yours of landing submarine cables in Newfound. | three hundred and fifty two eqnaro milo, Tho distance (nad of it arritoginn, including — Labrador" trem the distributing reservoir to the sar ign | » 4