The New York Herald Newspaper, March 22, 1863, Page 2

2 partor the a 'y to dnd esult rse, the turned to their r most sangu nary fm the kingdom civil war on r i nkind; and with a 1 wa was de min the hinand of It ives causes which led to the disiatogeatt gan to befelt. Duriug an iutorroy twoon the death of Augustus IT; in I and th unt Poniatowsk: 176 against the dissidents trom the C.tho 1, depriving them of the free exercise of tucir religious worship, gnd excluding them from ail oflivial’ positions under the poverument. The kiag ratiled this decree, The dissidents pro tesiod, and oppotled to their eo-religionists of Europe. Remoustrances from Russia, Prassia, Great Britain aod Denmurk failed to have thisunwise policy reversed. Ruasia—then governed by the Empress Cathanine—backed her remonstrance by sendiug an army to the neighbor- hood of Warsaw. Discontent produced disaffection and internal convulsions, The dissidents formed themselves into two confederacies—that of Great and Little Poland and that of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—whilo still other confederacies were formed by the party of what was called the malcontents. They all united in what was styled the general confederacy of all Poland, and chose Prince Radzivil as grand marsha!. The civil dissensions went on for years, growing worse and worse, The Grecks of the Ukraine took uparms. Russia, Austria and Prus- Sia advanced their armies from different sides of the kingdom. Frederic of Prussia has tho credit of having first conceived and proposed to the othe: two Powers the fdea of partition, Tho treaty for that purpose was executed by tho plenipotentiaries of the three Powers at St. Petersburg in Fobruary, 1772. it was in vain that king and Diet protested—in vain that the courts of London, Paris, Stockholm and Copenhagen vomonstrated. Poland had te subm!t to the dismomber. ment, and had oven, through her Diet, to go throagh the humiliating form of ratifying the act. This Diet met on the 19th of April, 1773—Jjusb vinety years ago. Twenty years afterwards King Stanislaus, by an attempt to intro- duce iniprovements iu tho constitution, gavo excuse for Another invasion and another absorption of territory. In 1794 the populace of Warsaw expelled the Russian garri £0n of 15,000 men, killing 6,000and capturing 3,000, with fifty pieces of cannon, The movement, under the lead of Kosciusko, spread and magnified, Russia and Prussia Sent an army of 110,000 men into Poland, before which Kosciusko fell back upon Warsaw, The Prussian army besieged that city for three months, and was dnally forced to retire, with a loss of 20,000 men. The Yoles then marched agamst the Russians, and were defeated at the battle of Noezylae (October 10, 1794), o himself falling into the hands of the Rus The victors marched on Warsaw with 50,000 mon uwaroff, met and again defeated the Pe own on the Vistula, opposite War sians. nder the famou: 4 at Praga—a Saw-—and, as @ necessary resuit, tho capital capitulated, It fs stated tuint 9,000 Poles fell in that saaguinary battle; tat 30,000 porsons of all ages were massacred in War- saw and an equal or driven ont of the city, rs were exiled to distant provinces, and King Stanis- sent to St. Petersburg, where he remained a of the Russian government until bis death, in » definitive treaty of partition by which Poland erased from the list of nations was signed by the three Northern Powers in 1705, Russia keeping the lion’s share, Austria obtaining Cracow, with the country lying vee the Pilitza, the Vistala and the Bug; and Prussia securing all a8 far as the Niemen, including Warsaw. By subsequent arrangements, however, these boundaries were changed, ‘The following table shows what cach of the Northern Powers obtained at the several partitivns in territory and population: — The RUSSIA. First partition, 1773.. Socond partition, 1703 Third partition, 1795. Totileceeees First partition, 1773. Second partition, 1793 Third partition, 1795 TR sass First partition, 177% second partition, Third partition, 17 Total .... + 44,746 NX AND THE POLES. ‘The wars of Napoleon effected temporary changes in the position of Poland; but they were uot of such @ funda- mental character as the Poles, who were so prodigal of their blood in his cause, bad a right to expect. Instead of restoring the ancient kingdom of Poland, he simply con. tituted the grand duchy of Warsaw and united it with He had guaranteed to his unstable ally, Aus- ¢ Polish domipions, After the diswatrous cam- paigu of 1812 the grand duchy of Warsaw coased to exist, and was anuexed to Russta under the title of kingdom 0: Polaud. ‘This was subsequently contirmed by the treaty of Vienna. YHE TREATY OF VIENNA. The clause of reads: — the treaty of Vicuna referring to Poland yof Warsow, with the exception of those pro: iricts which are otherwise ..sposed of, 44 united shall be irrevocably bound to the Russian nm, tO be enjoyed by bis Mayesty the sias, his heirs and suceessors for ever, ments, tional re. Commons on the Polish question, gave great » Lord Castlereagh, who represented Great Britala es, for his exertions on that occa: and, stating that, being uaable t» land, be stipulated for its inde this might nctcreate an obley her amoral right storation of P 1 that, alihou of wreat Br 4 the present si THE CONSTITUTION OF eror Alexander I, 1 groat frioid- is reported to have said—as, in fact, the ¢ kingdom of Poland tion on bie in, it gave 18 who profes ls. 0 ship for I treaty 1 be united to the cmpire of Russia by the title of its constitution, on which Iam desirous of founding the of the country.” The now kingdom of Poland ola and & constitu. | charter granted on 24th of December following. Its ipal articles were: freedom of religion, the Catholic to be the State Church; liberty of the press; the use of r Polish language in the transaction of public business, and the employment of Poles exclusively in civil and military oilces, the national representation to be vested in two houses, kings of Poland to be crowned at Warsaw and to Bwoar to obsorve the charter; the tribunals to be occupied Dy judges partly oominated by the king, and partly elocted by the palatinates, The constitution is now but a thing of history, and ali its principles have been long abandoued or reversed in the administration of govern ment. Asystematic but futile effort has been persisted im for many years past to suppress the use of the Polish Jangunge, and eradicate al) traces of distinct nationality; And, in that general policy the kingdonr of Poland has ‘Deen ubevived tuto Russia, THE REVOLUTION OF 1830. For {lve yours the affairs of Poland went om peacefully and prosy and Alexander began to congratulate ye success of his conciliatory policy, but with sent of the Grand Doke Constantine as Com. Mander in Chie! tn Poland, avd virtually ag Kiag’s Liew tonant, rartous ew ligeontent arose between king uated in the revolution of aly fad pouple bh flaaily © 1840, enoed by an unsuccessful attempt to foie tun per Grand Duke at bis palace of Belve- Gere, on the outokirts of Warsaw, The lution spread. Jo the campaign of 1820-91 the Poles exhibited the moat Votanntod xoloss valor,and were at last completely defeated by mors © Ruveians under Paskiowiteh, in the ine. tree days batue of Warsaw, on the Sth, 6th and Tib of September, 1831 everal of the leaders connected With the prosent struggle also took part in that one, which Outy resulted in mak'ng the condition of Poland more im Woierabie than it was belore, TWO GKEAT MISTORIC CHARALTRAS, Two of (he actors io tbe revolution of 1890 are so int) NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MARCH 22, 1863. mately blonded with this one that our sketch would be incomplete if it failed to notice thom. We refer to Count Andrew Zamoyski and the Marquis Alex. Wielopot ski. ‘They weve sont as ambassadors in 1580—the first to Vienna, the last to England, In a remarkable momoi ted by Wiclopolsikt to Lord Palmerstom at that {here are views aunounoed which &re not inapplica- the present movement, In laboring to prove the ity 10 Europe of a reconstruction of pres tim MA ays that Russia, though she mi} yield before a decisive manilestation and would resume hor ational role, She would seek hor grandeur in inter- nal improvements and in a calm end progressive development of hor local resources, instead of seeking it im invasions and conquests, As to ia, she had been always ready to do her ein making reparation for an iniquity that always ssed hor by creating for her a perilous neighborhood ssia; and besides, she might be tempiod by the bait of a crown for an archduko, Prussia might perbaps re: Sist at first, but she would be forced to yield. Besides, said he, what have Prussia and Austria gained by the partition? ‘Their only gain is that they have become more vulnerable by incorporating with them a constant enemy —subjects who become the natural allies of every new enemy of those States, and whom they cannot even reproach for becoming 90. Austria and Prussia will gain more real power by the consideration that such an act of justice will reflect upon them. This event will give thom quite a different attitude in the eyes of the nations, and they will uo longer be regarded as the perpetual enemies of _ liberty. As to France—argued the Marquis—her most powerful motive for war is hate of tho Holy Alliance; and by the reestablishment of Poland that grief disappears. How wonderfully jistory reproduces itsél{! The positions which Wiclopolski assignod to the mations in 1830 and the reasonings which he made.use of are surprisingly applicable in 1863. But Lord Palmerston! turned a deaf ear to the Polish diplomat, who left England in disgust. One of his colleagues in that game mission was Count Walewski. The Count is now a French Mizister of State, the Marquis Prime Minister of the Grand Duke Conatan- tine at Warsaw, ana is said to be the prime mover in the repressive measures which have brought about the pre- sent crisis. As to Zamoyski, he made his way, through great perils, to Vienna, and into the presence of the Prince de Metter nich, whom he pleased 6o much with his frank, earnest manners that the Prince was induced to prevail on the Russian Minister to write to Marshal Paskievitch to sus- pend hostilities. The Count accompanied the secrotary who bore the despatch; but they arrived too late, even if thelr mission could possibly have bad any effect. Warsaw had fallen, and Paskiewitch threatened to have the Count shot; but the latter simply responded that he had no right to do it, and he did not. Metternich manifested his friendship for the Poles in refusing the demand of the Russian government for the extradition of about cighteen thousand insurgents, who had taken refuge in Austrian Poiand in 1831, and in so managing matters that they were aNowed to emigrate to this country. These two men—Zamoyski and Wielopolski—remained in Poland. The former, who may bo taken as a Polish type of Benjamin Franklin, has devoted himself eyor sinco to improving the social condition of the people, founding the Agricultural Society, prometing a knowledge of agri culture and the arts, establishing village schools, organizing steamboat navigation on the Vistula and dis countenancing all attempts at political revolution. He is familiarly known and revered as ‘‘Master Andrew.’ Wielopolski, animated by similar views in regard to the futility of farther revolutionary attempts, has followed them out on a different system, An iristocrat of the first order, the bumble and practical efforts of “Master An- drew” were regarded by hit with disdain, His views were that, as the reconstruction of Poland as a separate nationality was entirely hopeiess, the next most feasible plan was the erection of a great pan-sclavic confederacy, with Russia as its chief. ‘Yo this chimera he has devoted himself ever since the abortive attempt of 1846 and the Gallician massacres of that date, although be got no sympathy from the Czar. and set the whole nation against bin, EVENTS OF THE LAST TWO YRARS. In March, 1861, Wiclopolski was appointed Minister of Public Instruction in Poland, then Minister of the Inte- rior, then Minister of Justice. He dissolved tho Agri- cultural Society, and subsequently succeeded in getting the position of Prime Minister under the Grand Duke. It was he who, 83 4 repressive measure, suggested and had put in operation the forced system of conscription in Poland, which has been tho immediate cause of the present outbreak. The rural districts wero exempted from this conscription, and in the towns and cities it was applied, not by lot, but by designation—an effective measure certainly for getting rid of revolutionary ments, and the principal object whieh the Marquis had in view. In August, 1862, the Grand Duke issued a proclama- tion appealing to the people for their devotion and support. More than three hundred landed proprietors assombied at ‘Warsaw to respond to the appeal, and drew up an addross promising their concurrence on two conditions—that Po- Jand should recover her distinct national institutions, and that the old Polish provinces incorporated with Russia should be reunited to the kingdom. Count Zamoyski was made the interpreter of these views, but was too prudent to ket the proprietors sign the paper. He was summoned before the Grand Duke and warned that he would have to answer tothe Emperor. That same day he was arrested and sent to St. Petersburg. THE CZAR AND MASTER ANDREW. The interview between him and the Emperor, as out- lined in the Nevuedes Dev.z Mondes, was deeply interesting. That which has been known of it in St. Peters- burg shows the natural attitude of the two person. ages—the one hesitating and perplexed, the other pleading with zestous honesty the cause of his country. Sometimes the Emperor Alexander appeared to under. stand the discontent of Poland and deplore tha fatality which weighed upon his policy; sometimes ho recovered from it to say that there was no other means to govern the Poles except the system of his father—terror, The Count responded that that Lad proved of little use, and recalied the totally different poliey—the pledges and promises of the Emperor Alexander I. But Alexander Ii. was little sensible to these souvenirs of his uncle, which he treated as chimerical. Embarrassed, be repeated more than once that be would pray to God to enlighten him. He endea the conversation by saying, “1 donot keep you either at. St. Petersburg or in a prison, I do not wish to make a martyr of you. You will go abroad, aud I hope you will not treat me ss an enemy.” “Sire,” snid the Count, “1 carry with me your promise to ask God to ighten you.” And Master Andrew went abroad, and the Marquis Wiclopolski remained the master of the sitvation Though they have boon both opposed ty a political revolu tion in Poland, they baye probably, ea mode, contributed most powerfully to it;Jand it has come DEPLORABLE SCENES IN WARSAW IN TESOL. The meeting of the three sovereigns in Warsaw in the autumn of 1860, although it was understood-to have re- forence to the Italian question merely, did not fail to have a gloomily exciting eifect on the Polish population, They saw in ita sort of contempt and defiance in the fact that the capital of a dismembered nation was chosen as the rendezvous for the representatives of its royal spoliators, in which to take counsel against the nationality of a peo: ple who had just re-emerged into independence, It was showing too little memory or too little respect for Poland’s woes, The population of Warsaw manifested its foclings by «cold, ironical and hostile attitude, which was followod by an unexpeeted aud spontaneous move- mont, It commenced in the form of religious services celebrated in honor of the memory of the national poets— Mickiewicz, Krasinski, Slovacki. On the 20th November, 1860, was heard for the first time a religious chant, which was soon heard on all lips—‘ Boze cos Polake”’— “Restore us our country, O Lord; restore us liberty.” This song scemed to electrify all classes of the population. ‘Tho 25th of February, 1961, was the anniversary of the battle of Grocbhow, in which, in 1831, the Poles disputed victory for three days with the Russians; and the people of Warsaw assembied at their churches to pray for the Poles who fell in that memorable battle. An immense proces. sion formed early in the morning, consisting of the entire Pp’ pulation, preceded by the white eagled flag and chant. ing the vations! hymn, ‘Boze cos Polske."” The Chief of Police, Colonel Trepow, coming saddenly upon the proces. sion with two squadrons of geudarmes, rode down the unarmed maltitade, who did not cease, on their knees, to chant their hymn. There were more than forty killed and wounded, The most invense emotion seized upon the people, and even the Russian officers manifested their re. puguance at being made executioners, The people, uuter- rifled by the ssones of the 25th, prepared to colebrate, on the 27th, a new (unoral service for some patriots former. ly hange! by the Russians. There were over thirty thoa aand persons presoni. After the mass a large procession marched to the palice occupied by the Agrict cicty, for the purprse of having that society 6 dress to the Emporor. Count Zomoyski, dosiring not to compromise a body that was of such essential service to in his opposite Poland, bo | nt suffer in pride, would | the people, resisted. In the meantime the crowd was at | tacke ! by squadrons of Cow: wio parsued the flyiog | multitude ever tuto the churches; and even th | of the Agricultural Society, on coming | were met by a murderous fire, by which tev j killed and more than sixty wousded, Yhe greatest agitation prevailed, of Sebastopol celebrity, was at that time th lieutenant in Poland, He was shocked at what had place, and eudoavored to atone for fi » ‘Trepow, the Chief ef Police, was dis | inquiry was ordered on the conduet of Gex. Zabolotskoy, who had ordered (he troops to fire; the troops were con fined to their barracks till after the interment of tho two members the reet, int n Prince Gorteb kot, emperor's a days? victims; a committee of safety wae appointed vndor the auspices of Count Zanoyski and the Kussiae Marquis Paulueci, and the police of the city was confide! to the students. ‘The interment of the dead took place on the 2¢ of March, over one hundred thousand persons assisting at the obsequies, of which the Russian authurities remalaed disconcerted spectators; and the people universally pat oy and continued ta wear the habiliments of mourning When these events were known at St. Petersburg the astonishment and regret were as profound as among the Russian authorities at Warsaw. Whyte Prince Goricha- koff was endeavoring to gain time by making conces- sions, the Director of the Affairs of tho Interior, M. Mu- chanof, was addressing secret cireulars to his agouts: to stir up the peasants against the propristors. Ono of these circulars, having bees divulged, caused so much irritation that M. Muchanof was cempelied to quit War. saw. Un ¢he 26th of March the Emperor decided to issue a ukase, granting certain reforms, which are sum med up as follows:—Suppression of the two departments of the Senate of the empire sitting at Warsaw; croation of a Council of State for the kingdom; of # Director of Public Instruction and Worship; of elective Councils in each government and district; of municipal Councils at Warsaw. and in the principal cities of the kingdom, and the extension of powers of these various assemblies. ‘The publication of reforms was on the 1st of April; but it was followed on the 6th by. the suppreesion of the Agricultural Society. This last act caused great emotion at Warsaw. The next day (the 7th of April) an immense crowd assembled in front of the Prince’s castle to demand a withdrawal of the edict. They were dispersed without serious conse- quences. Next evening (tho 8th) the crowd again as- sembled. and Prince Gortchakoff presented himself, in- quiring what they wanted. “We want a country,” was the answer. The crowd, mixed up with women and chil- dren, remained passive and without any idea of aggres- sion, while the Ruesian troops were drawn up before them in order of battle. Suddenly the postiilion of a post carriage which was passing blew on his bugle the air of Dembrouski’s legions—‘‘No; Poland shall not die.” The appropriateness of the incident electrified the Poles. They fell on their knees, repeating with enthusiasm the national song. It is not known whether tne Russians did not sucpose that the movement was ono of attack. At ali eveuts, they fired upon the people, and fifteen times was the vol. ley of firearms repeated, while squadrons of cavalry charged through them. Singing ana praying, in a sort of patriotic ecstacy, bullets and sabres were welcomed by the Poles, women and children gathering on their knees around a statue of the Virgin, and finally the troops re- tired, leaving the unresisting but unyielding Poles in occupation of the place, where they remained during the night. The number of their dead was over fifty, with an immense number wounded. No wonder that Prince Gortchakoff, whose earthly career closed at Warsaw cn the 30th of May, should see around his dying bed clonds of black women who would not relieve him of their hated presence till death closed his eyes. THE REVOLUTIONARY MANIFE?TO. ‘The attempt to enforce the conscription in the cities and towns and the manner in which it was done—a seizing by night of the young men designated by the secret police— was either the immediate cause of or was made the pre- text for the present movement, which appears tu have first manifested itself on the 22d of January last. The St. Peters burg correspondent of Le Nord, established at Paris during the Crimean war as a Russian organ, asserts that it was but a pretext which was seized upon as the signal ofan insurrection, long meditated and prepared, under the management of a secret organization, which has its headquarters at Warsaw, and is widely disseminated. In spite of the vigilance of the police, this Centra! National Committee, as it is called, existed at the capital, and even published and circulated all over Poland a revolutionary sheet named the Ruch. The government was conscious of this, but the com. mittee managed their affairs so adroitly that its members were unknown. On the 22d of January it issued , circu- lated and had posted all ovor Warsaw the follewing pro- oven — usurping government, maddened by the he wickime of i ES oppression, kis resolv to lasting inise: Poland hor willttig to sudmnit aaredatingty to this crashing ou and an ener,etic opposition t0 it saan with her 0 of brave sacri! motrated with an ardent lore fou thelr country, an wabend: faith in the tice nh aa na worn to cast po pe sna ar hearen agua at ; e fearful shame of slavery, after the incredible i emer Polak now rant ani tortures of oppression, the Cen your only le, wernment. Poles, Held of the lant of your surugeles, 10 the Bold of victory, which, with God's help. it will give you; for it thacyour who were but yesterday sufferers ‘and vicims, mustnow bec me heroes ad giants, ‘Yes, you will conquer your liberty and your independence by the Baer of your holiness of such ap icea aa no fation has ferived “ip its historical You will give heeifaiy sad uabeatistingy eo souk reviving @pentre Ul life and worldly position she will require irom Your The Gommities ia re:ua promaiecs yw tha the strength Of your bravery will not be wasted, tha your Ascrifces will be lost, for it will guide with a strong hand the belin of Which it takes possession. It, will destroy al! digicu lies, break throngh all obstacles, and pursue and punish before the severe bit juat tribunal of our olended fatherland every mark of disfavor or even want of arto: towards the sacred ment when the all the sous of race, descent or hi country. From this moment the land which the agricultural popiiiation possessed on condition of paying rent or giving task work to their masters is unconditionally ther property and that of their he.rs, The landholders who will be injured by this arrangementehal! be compensated from the general funds of the State. The famiiies of all laborers who, join the Fanks of the deccaders ofthe conntry, o° dls, im glorious are death while so serving, shall recei of the land pro- tected from the enemy’ out of the State property | To aris! then, Poland, Lithuania and Ruth to armel for the hour of our mutual liberation bas souaded, the old sword h been drawn from ite sheath, the siered standard of tue le, the knight and the archangel L unfuaried @ ulso wish {0 address a few words to the Museovite na tion, Onr traditional motto being the freedom and brother. hood of nations, we pardon you even the murder of ottr fa therland, the blood of Fraga aud Ossmania, the outrages in the Warsaw streets and tho tortures of the cells of del. We pardon you, tecavse you, woo, are msetable an Weary; because the dead bodies of your'ehildren are rocked on the gallows of the Czar, and your prophets freeze in the snows of Siberia, But if in this decisive moment you de pot feet compunction for the past and holier aspirations for the future—if, in your encown! with us, you give support to the tyrant who kills us and treads upon 'you—woe be to vou for in the pr and the whole world we devote you to the sham jection and the torture of eternal slavery. we wili call you to a dreadful war—the last war of Buropean cvilization with the savage barbarts:a (La 8.) of Asia, Warsaw, Jan, 22, 1863. ‘The Central National Committee, acting as a temporary national government, considering that to cast off the foreign ‘oke the greatest possible number of fghing men is re quired, and that no oné can excuse himself from military servace, alao thi very citizen who lives by his own labor patile, have suitable provision both + follows:— entirely by thetr own Inbor, anid wil fies for th country in the ranks of the national from the State property a share of as than three acres in extent. Article 2. The publication and execution of this decree is entrusted by the Central National Cemmitire, acting as a temporary national government, wo the military ani civil commandants of the districts. Ub. 8.) Waxsaw, Jan, 22, 1 It is seen from this that the conscription js the allegod immediate cause of the troubles, and it is satd that it forced premature action on the revolutionary committee itself, which had fixed the coming summer as the time to riso, This may have been tho game of Kussia. The re. volutionary committee has also summoned all Polish no bles now abroad to return at once under the penalty of being declared traitors to their country and having their property confiscated. MILITARY OPERATIONS. ‘The policy of the Poles seems to be to defer for the pre- ‘nentany attempt to gain possession of Warsaw. Thoy say that it serves their turn better to substract from the active military powor of Russia the thirty or forty thou sand mon required to garrison that city. Besides, a rising in thecapital might, if unsucosssful, prove very disheart- ening to the insurgents. Bat throughout all the provinces they are in arms, and appear to act ona well defined plan. Four great lines of communication, as will be seon by our map, traverse the kingdom aud have their centre at the capital. These are the lino of Eastern Pruseia, by Thorn and Koonigsberg; that from Warsaw to St. Potersburg, through the province of Lithuania; the Cracow line, and tho military road from Warsaw to Moscow, built by order of the Emperor Nicholas. The first three lines have a carringe road as well as a ratlroad, On these four great lines the insurgents have principally established themselves, goas tocommand them, and, if need be, destroy them. ‘They hold points of communication on the rivers Bug and Vistula, and north of the Narey they hold important po sitions in the province of Grodno, Their man is to avoid general engagements, to surround Russian garrisons and that the Russian troops have to confine themselves to the principal towns, and can only move in lange detachments. | It ts said that the Russian troops are discontented, but yet | that they ausly whonover they moet the ene soy » desertion among the soldiers, bub t, Potersburg corres- sary, figures up the stituiod the Polish republic, 4.0 the Dafleper im the east, trian froptier; and the cor- been contrmed. The ot, of course, be esti dom prope from the Prosna in the w and from Courlund to the Aus rectness of thee trength of the gent army c. mated now,as it swells from day to day. They are, how ever, very poorly armed, a large proportion of the iwfant ry having no firearms.and carrying op!y that weapon 80 Tormidably used in their last strugge —the scythe. THR BATTLE OF WENGROW. Up to tho latest news there had been no important en gagements. At the battie of Wei Sought on the 3d of February, Polish valor was wail illustrated, It seems t the insurgents of Podiachw, bad traced a plan of Manwuvres it had ordered four columns trom Minsk, Warsew and other garrisons, to rendezvous at four o'clock im the morning at a point indicated, near the town of Weagrow. Tho insurgent force there consisted only of two thousand seythemon, three hundred chasseurs and small delachmoot. of cavalry. Part of those were de- tached t intercept the approaching columns, only one of which arrivgg at the givon rendezvous, where it took Up & position. e of the other columns was attacked at midnight suddeuly by eight hundred scythomen, two ‘hundred chasseurs and some cavalry. Tho fight wua ob- stinately waged on both sides till five o'clock in the morning, when the Poles retired in good order, carrying of their wounded. The Russian loss is set down at one ‘hundred in killed; that of the Poles much smaller. At balf-past eight in the morning tho Russians attucked Wengrow with the bayonet. The Polish riflemen, posted im the houses and gardens, thinned the Russian ranks, and then five hundred scythomen dashed at them, shout- ing their war cry,‘‘Jesus—Mary!’’ The battle-lasted till thee o'clock, and again the Russians remained masters of the field. The insurgents retired with a loss of one hundred and fifty men, while the Russians, waose joss is given at four hundred and fifty men, occupied the town, which they partly destroyed and thoroughly pillaged, committing, according to Polish accounts, great atrocities. ‘THE BATTLES OF MIECHOW AND WONOHOTZE. Ove of the severest epgagements yet fought was that which took place at the town of Miechow, near Cracow. Tho Russian garrison at that place, consisting of cight hundred men, was attacked by the insurgents on the 17th of February. The attack was opened by a detachment of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred Zouaves, principally composed of nobles and led by a Frenchman named Rochebrune, who had seen service in the Crimea and China, “They carried by storm asmall church in which the Rus ians had barricaded themselves. The latter retired, formed in square on the common, and repelled the insurgents with severe loss, estimated at 130 killed and 200 wounded. Rochebrune was among the lat- ter. The Russian troops are said to have then fired and destroyed the town, and to have committed acts of great barbarity. A great number of the Polish wounded were carried to Cracow, and it is said that one hundred stu- dents of the University of that city were among tho killed. The insurgents retired in good order upon Proszo- wice. They were commanded by Kurowski, who acted without erders, and who, after the fight, committed sui- cide. Dombrowski succeeded to his command, Another battle was fought on the 17th of February near the town of Wonchotzk, celebrated for its iron foun- dries. 1t is situated on the high road from Kielce ve Radom. The insurgents were encamped there under the leader- ship of Langiewicz,an officer who made the Italian cam- paign with Garibaldi, and who has assumod tho title of Military Chief of the Palatinate of the Sandomir. The Russians attacked the camp and were repulsed. In an order of the day Langiewicz declared that his troops covered themselves with glory at Edlomi, Schtdovictz, Podzantyn, Suchedniow, Baranowa, Gola, Wonchotzk and Stachow, places most of which are not marked on the ge- neral maps of the country. SUMMARY OF LATEST NEWS. The latest reports of military movements—derived chiefly from the National Gazette, the new organ of ths Central Committee—show thit Gen. Microslawaki, chief in command of the national forces, had penetrated as far as Kolo, in the government of Kalisch, whe-e his forces engaged the Russians on the 23d and 24th of February; that at the battle of Kutno, which lasted eight hours, the Russians were put to flight; that Langiewics had crossed the Vistula and was operating near Lubina; that a band of one thousand insurgents, on their way tojoin Mieroslaw- aki, bad been dispersed in the district of Wolodamek, with loss of one hundred killed and eighty-two prisoners; that there was another indecisive engagement in the vicinity of Radszicjaws; that the aggregage force of the insurgents was estimated at forty-five thousand, no single corps numbering more)than three to four thou- sand; that their organization was daily improv- ing and their numbers increasing; that they nad taken the manufacturing town of Opatowek, near Kalisch; that Prussian troopa, had been sent from Ostrowo to the frontier, and had occupied the town of Dobrzyn, in Polish territory; that the revolu- tionary committee has again succeeded in obtaining con- siderable sums of money; that General Deinbinski had left Paris for Poland with large pecuniary supplies; that Klapka was about to take a high command; that the rail- road communication between Warsaw and Wilna had been interrupted by the destruction of a bridge at Livuice- brocke; that railroad bridges had also been destroyed at Kutuc and Piotrkow; and that the Czar had ordered the suppression of the insurrection, at any cost, within ten days. Russian accounts claim that the insurgents were completely beaten at Kudka, on the Bug, with a lose of four hundred; that the insurgeat losses in the attacks on Olkusz and Miechow were great; that tho fugitives took refuge on the Austrian territory, in Galicia; and that in the neighborhood of Biala, government of Lublin, they were also beaten, with severe los The news by the Norwegian, at Portland, on Friday, does not put any material chungo on the aspect of affairs, ‘The jatest letters trom Cracow had been favorable to the Poles. There was an engagement near Cracow on the 4th inst. The Polish Prince Domereik! bad been killed; the peasants had been appealed to by the Russian autho- rities; General De Berg had been appointed commander of the Russian troops; the English and French govern- ments bad agreed as to the tenor of their note to Prussia in favor of granting liberal institutions to Poland; and there waa a rumor that Russia was prepared to grant an amuesty and reforms, which, agcording to the Paris Joys, were to take the shape of the reconstituti n of the Kingdom of Poland as it existed in 1830, with the Grand Duke Constantine as sovereign. SKETCHES OF THE GENEXALS—MIEROSLAWSKI. Microstawski (Louis), who has been named to the chief command of the national forces, was born at Nemours, in France,in 1314. His father, who had married a French woman, had served with distinction in the army of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw ; and, after the peace of 1815,he resumed his rank in the Polish army, reorganized by the Emperor Alexander I. His son Louis ended his military studies in 1830 and entered the army. He took part with the patriots in the revolutionary struggle of that and the following year, and only abandoned the struggle with the rolics of the insurrectionary army whea he sought an asy grow, n the Grand Duke had resolved to destroy completely to harass them generally. The consequence of this is | Jum in France, where be applied himself to literary pur. suits, publishing several romances, novels and a history of the Pol.sh revolution. In November, 1844, Mieroslawski was chqsen member of the Central Committee of the Democratic Polish Socie ty, which designated bim as one of the chiefs of the in surrection of 1846, He was arrested in the Grand Duchy of Posen, and condemned to death by the tribunal of Berlin, before which he sustained tho rights of Poland with great talent, energy and dignity. The success of the Berlin insurrection (March 19, 1848,) restored bim to liberty. Soon afver the Grand Duchy of Posen revolted. against Prussia, and Microslawski put bimsolf at their head, After some well contested battles against overpowering odds the insurrectionists submitted, and their leader was imprisoned @ second time. On beim restored to liberty be returned to Paris, where he was invited by tho Sicilian patriots to direct their resistance to the King of Naples. He accapted the invitation, and distinguished him. self in the defence of Catania. Being badly wounded, March 5, 1840, he was forced to leave Sicily, Soon after he is found in command of the Badeneso revolutionary army ; but the campaign endod disastrously, and Mierosiawsici Iaid down his arms. After having had three armios under his orders he contented himself with the modest position of a teacher in Paris; but his strategical abili- ties, bis talent as a writer, the strength of his convictions and the boldness of his character had pointed him out for that leadership which he has now obtained, GENERAL DEMBINSKI. Dembinski (Henry) is now in the 73d year of his age, and has spent bis life in the service of popular freedom. | Having studied in the military school of Vienna, he re fused « commission in the Austrian service, preferring to forve asa private soldier in the national army of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, He made the campaign of Mos. mou—not im the ‘ings | cow with the French army, and was named captain by + Napoleon on the field of Smolensk. After the fall of tho Freuch empire he regurned to Poland and withdrew to his estate. The revolution of 1830 recalled him to He took command of a brigade of cavalry under Geo Glelzed and made the campaign of Lithuania, He refused | Lofollow Gielgud in bisretreat lo the Prnasian territo.y, but undertook to bring back his troops to Warsaw, in which besuccesded, piercing ail the Kussian lines. ‘bis feat gave him unmense popularity, and he was named Com | manderin-Chief; but on assuming dictatorial powers b» gave uimbrage to the people and lost bis place. He after. wards passed into the servi Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt. In February, 1348, he received from Kossuth the | command-in-chief of the Hungarian army; but Gorgey failing to co-operate, and retreat becoming necessary, Pembinski resigued his command. He continued to aid | tho. revolutionary, goverment with bis counsel, aud ad vised it to unite is cause wila Poland aud to send an ex. pedition into ja. His plan was, ect On the approach of the Russians he a | Quartermaster General, and directed the retreat of the | army towards Szegedin, where the revolutiorary govern. ment was, After tho surrender bo accompanied Kossuth and the other chiefs to the Turkish territory, where he procured his reclamation as a French naturalized citizen. He has been Living at Paris since 1850. LAPKA. ‘dhe name of Klapka (George) is familiar from bis con- nection with the Hungarian revolution of 1848. Bora at ‘Temeswar, in Hungary, in 1620, he sorved in the Austrian army as an officer of tue"Life Guards. He resigned in and was preparing for foreign (ravel when the in- surrection broke out in Hungary. He tnmediately placod himself at the orders of the provisional ministry, presided over by Count Bathlapy, and was sont on a mis- givn into Transylvania and succeeded in drawing tho Sreklers into the Magyar party. He afterwards took the command of a company of Honveds, and gained distinc tion in conflicts against tho Servians on the shores of the Danube. At the close of 1848 he was chiof of staff to General Kis, and in January, 1849, succeeded to the command of a corps d’armee, with which he defended the line of the Theiss. He was worsted in a three days battle in February, 1849, near Kapolina, but decided the victories of Isassegh and Najysarloon the 6th and 19th of April. He commanded tho left wing in the battle before Comorn on the 26th of April, when that place was besieged by tho Austrians and when they were compelled to retreat under Win- dischgratz. Tne independence of Hungary boing pro- claimed, Klapka became Minister of War, and was after- wards appokuted to the Governorship of Comorn. He vainly endeavored to establish harmony bet@eon Kossuth and Gorgey, who persisted in massing his troops around Comorn tnstead of recrossing the Theiss and falling back upon Szegedin, where the government had taken reluge. At last the army was obliged to abandon that position. When the capitalation of Vilagos was taking place—13th August, 1849—Klapka was holding out resolutely at Comorn. By vigorous sorties he had broken through the lines of siege, had driven tho Austrians into the Danube and re-victualled the citadel, and was monacing Austria and Styria when he learned tho news of Gorgey’s surrender. While all Hungary was rendering its submis: sion he resolved to dofend Comorn to tho last extremity, and he did so for severul weeks, making his name cele brated throughout the world. At last, on tho 27th of September, 1849, he surrendered the place to Marshal Hay- nau, stipulating for the safety and freodom of its de- fenders. He went to England, and afterwards to Italy and Switzerland, in which latter country he was xa. turalized and olected to the Council from Geneva. LANGIEWICZ. All that we have been able to learn of Langiewicz is that he is a brave and efficient officer, and that he served with distinction under Garibaldi in his famous Italian campaign. He has already commanded in half a dozen engagements in this revolution, THREATENED COMPLICATIONS IN EUROPE. ‘The Prussian goverument entered into an engagement with Russia which has threatened to.produce grave com- plications and to give to the other great Powers of Kurope an excuse for intervening in the affairs of Poland. Ac- cording to this convention Prussia was to place a military force on the frontier, to disarm all Poles who crossed the line, and to permit Russian troops to cross into Prussian territory in pursuit of fugitive insurgents. Russia, it appears, made similar propositions to Austria; but the latter Power declined to accede to thom, declaring that it saw no motive for departing from its principle of strict neutrality. The French Cabinet lost no time in entering an animated protest against such a convention, declaring that it amounted toa veritablo alliance; that no Power could give Russia armed aid against bor sub- jecta without violating the principlo of non-intervention; and that if the conflict should be prolonged, and should assume such agrave character as to force Europe to in- terfere in it, there should be common action between all the great Powers. ‘The convention was also denounced with great power and unanimity in beth Houses of the English Parliament, Lord Palmerston and Earl Russell taking leading parts in the debates. Bat nowhere has it been more forcibly denounced than in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, where, after an anima- ted debate, a resolution was adopted, on Fob. 28, deelaring that the interest of Prussia required that ite government should accord no aid to nor favor either the Russian government or the Polish insurgents; and, consequently, that combatants of either party should not be permitted to enter Prussian territory without being instantly dis armed. Whether tho King will withdraw from his en- gagements in view of this national manifestation of oppo sition to them is yet to be seon. His relations with the legislative body of his kingdom have been for some time extremely hostile; and ao obstinate persistance on his part in this matter might provoke a revolution at home which would deprive him of his crown and bring to the Polish insurgents such moral and material aid as would insure their success, Ihe feeling of the English and French gov- ernments in favor of the Polieh cause is not to oe mis. taken; aud even Austria appears inclined the same way. A decent pretext for intervention might involye all Ru- rope in a war, out of which Poland might emerge once more into the sunlight of national independence and greatness. PERSONAL. ELIZA ARRIVED SAFE AT NEW xoric, Remaing there yet; number of “FOR ADOPTION ale infant wanted clegant and medical attendance, at awich street, TTENTION and adopted out to goo! from its birth. Ladies requirin rivate Rooms, with adam PARSAL| A® =I 18 BEAU TIF UL, Post eflice, as promised. Baik HENRY? LAM. (AUAIN AND EYEGLASSES RECEIVED AT HERALD {_ottice, with thanks Mt HER'S ROMANCE, “ALL but there was no letter at th \BOAT~HAVE SEEN OUR FRIEND. MANY DIF ficalues have arisen. Hope soon to overco Will advise further, SIGNALS. CATHARINE CLARK OR HER BROTHER, e + Will please call at 44 Oliver st Mra, @lark lately resided, they can find their ‘auriee Clark, late of Boston, who is at present I. A.B. C. WILL CALL A? 4) EAST HOUSTON strect he will receive the present address of Marie Stuar: Jobn Milroy, Baltimore Post office, he'll mas. a friend. Du BLIN. DAN BEST, WHO LEFT RBNGLAND FOR York in the Priuce, Albert, 18 Fours agg, last September, ly "to. Hoxton square, 0 oF they vill hear of something to their Tr or his next of kin, will appl London, Engiand, hi advantage, P get OSBORNE, “ORIGINALLY FROM IRELAND, and from Montreal in December There are letters Loy raed or youin the Post office in this city on Feb. 21 ans A hecciritanyot | ite former om f. P. BAINBRIDGE bg) store. al if not in th har pri) yay bis Cp ext Frrenty-second stree ) West Twenty second “i d al ATE McNAMARRER—YOUR SISTER WANTS see you in Jersey City immediately, R. EMILE /RETERS, OF ANTWERP, OR His WIFE He od Py TE in very 1 information, of. tn dressing Heye Brothers, 3) Broad street, New Yorke T.% ror SHAW we Hog y chouta kt ald oe SOMETHING TO to his where. them, | F LAWRENCE MURRAY WILL SEND A LETTER TO | NEW tata | STHAM WEEKLY 70 LIVERPOOL, TOUCHING, AT seer Sat ——— SHIPPING. The Liverpool, New ¥ enstown (Cork harvor). or full de built iron steamships as f IN 5. a. . iat aoe Saturday, CL ween BY OF WA And every succeadin Beturiay, at woom, from pl ‘abl esses OF yaenaee oe wrency. ec d, or its equivalent in eu Fist Cau woe Otgho | STLERAGE. we ‘Do. to Londen, | Do. to London. % Do. tot ~ | Rape {5| Do. w Parts ee Do. to Hamburg.” »| Do, wo Hambur; av who wisi se rate ab equally low raves, strom Liverpool, $10: 1 jeenstown, $32, Tyowe mn Toned toe Wick frisade fas buy rickets he” 8h videiphia Beanship Company intend ‘toe re ‘vlows — gets also forwarded to Havre, Bremen, Boderiam, \verpom or Queenstown, first cabin, $75, $2550. ‘Tagse stoarners have sperior accomodations for pasen gers are atrongly bails in Water tight iron sectioas, AOA rey patent fre annililators. Experienced surgeons are a tovach EBA ¥ ¥ROM LIVERPOOL, Sau Mo it No. 8 St."E noch MOUR & CO.; in William street; in Paris, lo JULES DECOUE, 48 Rue » Dame des Victoires, Place de la Bourse; i, 0 JBN G. DALE, 111 Walnut sireet, or at the com- 6 ollice steamer. information apply in LAverpool to W! ni, 22 Water street, in Giaagaee to ALE; rr juare; in Que ndon, to ELV in Phi JOUN G. DALE, Agent, 15 Broadway, N- MSUIP GRMAT EASTER ROM NEW YORK TO Li ikpoonR, WE STK AMAHEY GREAT EASTERN, WALTER PATON, Commander, Lid, BE DESPATCHED. FROM Larday, ABHLE, accoruing the ac Booms: allhaving the same. ‘and attendance, and ia regard 10 meals martacata for families may be engaged by special RBION TICKETS OUT AND BACK, INTHE eolgreants, accompanyt SECON en THUD “CABIN. “icermiodlate’ Baie tound with beds, bedding, table Si Rois jab CAIN ONLY, A FARE AND A HALF. ears of fi DS BI Nate tial food. MEEREAOR, All fares currency. ‘Buch Passeager allowed sweaty cupic feet of luggage. A ‘Paynblo in gold, or its equivalent in eiperiecced surgeon om me f OBA, 2. ar x.) STINEY, At the omen 26 Broadway. PANDA ASPINWALL, Agents, 64 Bouth stot. ‘accomm pri viloggp nly ("7 FIRS ens! prays b, Weeehllares unde State iy berths, mosis forniahed 9 s passenger TEAM 10 LONDONDERRY, GLASGOW. ae ier brat pool. —Tho Montreal Steamshi Pow are tera, trom P from Ni $31 and $57; stre wyable fo gold oF its éoutvatent In, Dertitie principal towns in Great rates, Compan: d Clyde built steamer reg: SWEGIA! rving the Canadian ‘ortiand next itary. Mara Mai ery jew York :—First cragh, fount’ wi ¢ cates issued for bin, rammugers frome apply at 23 B vai eye % For re ‘at 23 Broadwa; Pattee SSABEL & SEARLE, ‘Ont ited S'ates ci wall o to nosomm aga et Bg cro ed gszt OH General Accats HE NORTH GERMAN LLOYD'S STEAMSHIP HANS Capt J. Van Santen. commander, carrying States aaa will all from pler 30 North river, foot of ders atreet ‘Taking LON at the reet, o1 ‘SATURDAY, APRIL Ui, AT 12 O'CLOOK M. BREMEN, VIA "SOUTHAMPTON, ssengers to ON, HAVRE, SOUTHAMPTON and B following rates, payable in gold or ite equit currency :=- For the first cabin. $105; second cabin, $62 50; steers $37 For frelght or passage apply to, the Ualt Broad eureat | OR LIVERPOOL.—THE SPLENDID PACKET 8H LHOUN, at pier No. 5 North mayer. wil! haul into { ‘ulton tomorrow, The AXTARTIC HON MSON'S Passage Oflce, 275 Pearl street, Detwe nd Beekman MIGRATION AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE OFFI¢ VES) packets sail every three days every t drafts, TAPSC South street.—Taps en days. “For p sable in all} pare ot England or’ Ireland, apply rs SU4T BROTHERS & CO. 8) South street. CALIFORNIA VIA PANAMA. OR F A lirst class steamer wil! leave New York on the’ 1ith aad 2ist of each month, except when these dates Sunday, wheu the day of departure will be om the followin For t trvight or passage apply at the oy CALLEN Age wr USTRALIA PIONEER LINE, CARRYING United States Mails.—The noble Al extreme oli ship NORTH AMERICA. is now rapid); bourne, at ly on the inst cabin passenge ra. Will cat red OR The United States » loading for t pier 7 East river, and will be despate! P th March, Has superb cabin accommodatio wane incon, For frelgh IN, 88 Reaver street, NEW ORLEANS Raitt pt MA J. Johnston, es ‘OF passage a| T & few at low rates oF pply to B _ — Paap) No.4 North river, on Thursday, Megohl bills of idiag kiguedt ow the day of sett jad.ug signe ie day sailing. Post office. All letiers must pase through the For New Orleans direvt. Te SOFFORD, HLESTON & CO.,.29 Bro M O. ROBERTS’ LINE. BAN FRANCISCO 1 ND Ot OREGON, NICARAGUA TRANSIT, THE STEAMSHIP: AMERICA or ILLINOIS, Will leave for bsg td g 44 alata TOON ON SATURDAY, APRIL 28, 1968. For freight or passage appiy'to A‘st e city Brow pe 1g Room Swi ver Ware, B bony taguire us ture we ter sale, the nitu: private property D. N. CARRINGTO 177 Weat atreet, corner of FURNITURE. LEGANT ASSORTMENT OF H oforte, Paintings, 8 r Hoo ot Extension Table, Chairs, Glass Mattresses, (Less re lid Weat ‘Twenty-third sect peer, . consisting of A the eas baer Qure pte es J LADY LEAVING THE pire the Faralieie aaa Good Will of a ries aide of the cuty; the house i will be sod teasonab! R., Broadway Pow ole. FACTURER'S PRICES. 100,000 Wont OF FIRST CLASS FURNITU! yn of the falling off in our wholesale we offei lowest sist ade of sel styles. Please examine our, Ww 125 and 127 Rivin _Grand, ARPETS.—FOR SALE, A short the public and Bedroom e latest fi r ance own manufactured goods to pri ng of Parlor, Lil Dint a meigrinl an ir All goods warran ds before hasing elsew! 1 BRAUNSDORF, es ton street, between Enox and Norft nd Houston street suges pass close by A SUPERIOR LOT OF a oo and Wilton, Anyi pore Vs, Essex an s. vonniaung of Tngrain, Br time in rohase will addvews, stating where Beta, vox 140 ore sitiga age LE reat eacritice Lo jor Suit, made to order four mont: tel, T S20; three bedrooms, very cheuj E.gath yoy FURNITURE~ALL STYLES also Chamber gen oan in emg aud che ‘mentin the city, w! BueN W wa ANT FURNITURE (Pt PRIVATE BALE, cat -A beautiful solid very richly carved, covered in French Satin ago, cost $350, will b one for $100; also, the oFurnitere of a parid for cash. Apply at 119) between Filta eed Bix! street foaaies since), JAURNITURI RE WANTED. ANY ‘PERSON BREA up hold Fe . box vod — r entire ddressin well m housekeeping, urnituré, can 127 Herald oti order. ‘and desiring to sell th earof a purchaser by Furniture must NITURE WANTED.—A! }ousekeeping, and oarne to sell their emtire rniture, can hear of a purchaser by addressi ‘Furniture mast be well rade aj good order. URNITURE, € Books, Pamp! 13 Sixth av bet enune's Manuel; the whole or part of their Fu buyer ing alte chan ye Firth and ‘siath ty sure to double | in two or three years, Address reach, ay 407 Post BEETS, 4C., BOUG id Libraries vous! n Ninth and Teuth sttee also a large stock of Books far ITURE WANTED.—PARTIES W. ISIN 70 rniture, ean ser stile caer orias for it Ot leruld office, stating where It may ier URNITURE COMI'LETE AND pot aver we wd "7 ra Ho ore Cottage Howse ana fix Lots in Hare enues. A fora URNITURE, Bedding and other hous: keeping art arranted LOOKING a ag -_ ted and delivered LM eve ak n 263 ery, cen Biante 0 ber. Furniture in erica ‘addrese tox me es ‘noone. a4 ae , for sale Wea Pe, ar 20a P Peay apply tO. BO Been tavrtan Post aes Wire Wore 7 cee wt BROWN VAIL AND FUR R CAPR, WEST rar. twenth street, ret begun on Fri. day evening. Address way ofiee, Bin ln ‘NEW PUBLICATIONS. — ips YCHOMANCY."-HOW EITHER 8X, MAY FAS. id gala fidence, aifecuona, and good will of any pereon ey jcngeans Aastantly, pwiT eiaoe ah aagulramnan all can ius certa e, mari roy ana mail fo Tor 26 cents, "ovether ude to mathe nna Both Sexes—an extraordi. interest. Third edition. f= = th bool great ii wesled ‘sirens ly aold. Address 7. William & Co, jes nirend: Pind phin” JQEAD, MARK, AND LEARN THB CONTENTS 0} ‘that invaluable Work. the Tliustrated guige Ast bra inate LIBERALL' ri aa Be fi Wer, PAID FOR DIAMONDS—- AND A VERY jor wupaviall ely lin vowve)"* hair ‘h 1 nond Broly HURNIIAWE Fe hh and Bie blish ment i Wrat il parte of ve we Covered wagoos 10 al of the worl furoitufe of families, Paraiwure stored, "a favorite line of Liverp: X line of London packets) passage to or from, at low rates,