The New York Herald Newspaper, December 2, 1862, Page 1

‘ —_ s * M dicckade of (ures thousan Ws EW YORK HERALD. | ————— ———— WHOLE NO, 9576, ~ 7 nd mo ins “> wee r. _ : “ ot Y : 3 i . s to emigrate te those countriés ap to Nome others, nor | iD the fancial wohdition of the Post Office THE [ESSACE, | wise: tux ince sce cimnan tvs | Doerunent, compar wisn several sind however, the optuion among thom inthis respect is im | ioe years, Tho receipts for the fiveal year reas Annzal Report of the President ‘on tho State of the Nation. Finaacial Policy of the Government. nner NATIONAL BANKING LAW RECQMMENDED. New Pian of the President for the Emancipation of Slaves. ABOLITION OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS. Treaties and Conventions with Turkey, Hanover, Liberia and Hayti. Internal Canals. and the Pa- cifle Railroad. THE INDIAN TROUBLES, &e, &e. &c. Faw Cinzess oy we Zavare s8p For: SENTATIVES Since your fast annual assombiing ancther year of ‘Bheaith and bountiful harvests has poesed; and, wh!'e it has not pleased the Alinighty to bless us with a return of peace, wo can but press op, guided by the best light He gives us, trusting that In His own good time and wise ‘way a)l will bo well. 7 PORTION OF FORFIGN AFFAITS. ‘The correspendereo touching foreign affalre which has | ‘taken place during the last year ia herowith submitted, | ‘tm virtual compliance with a request to that ¢! » made Dy the Honge of Reprosontatives new the close of tho | Yaet sestlon of Congress. If the erudition of our re. | Mationa “with ether nations Jess gratifying ‘Wan it has usually been at former periots, it isc inly ‘more satisfactory than a nation so unhappily «istracted me we aro might reasonably have apprehended. In the mouth of June fast there were some grounds to expect ‘that the maritime Powers which at the befinuing ef oar @omestic diMeultics so unwisely, ‘and unuecessar! f@ think, recoguized the insurgents as a be! ‘would goon reecde frow ‘hat position, which has proved woly less i ious to themselves then to ony own goublry, the tomporary roveraes which afier. wards befel the national aris, and which we: Gxaggerated by our own disloyal vitivens abroad, | Bave hitherto delayed that act of simple justice. She civil war, which hes €0 vadica!'y chanced for the | moment the occupatioue and babite of the Amertcau people, has necersar!ly disturbed the sovial conditions end affected very deoply the prozperity of the nations | ‘with which we have carried on a commores that has been, | steaiity increasing throughoal a period of bali acemtury. | ‘Ut hag, at tho same timo, excited political ambitious and sppreheusions, which bave produced a profound agitation Mbrouzhout the civilized world. Ta this unusual agita- Sen wo have foreborne from taxing part in avy contre. versy between forcign States and between pirties or fac- Mons in such States. We have attempted no propa- @andism and acknowledged noreyolution; but we have left Wwevery vation the exclusive conduct and management of jtecwn affairs. Our struggle hes been, of course, con templated by foreign nations with reference lees to tts own merits than to its supposed aud often exnggerated effects, and the consequences resulling (0 those relations thomeeives. Novertheloes, complaint on the part of this govornmont, even if it were just, would certainly tae! mBwice, } WH AYRICAN SLAVE TRADE—-TER YREATY WITH GRRAT HRITAI. ‘The treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of Mae African slavo trade has been ie . nto operation: vib good prospect of complete Buc ow Rarer. J i$ #b oceasion of Specia) pleasure to acknowledye thet the execution of it om the part of ber Majesty has been marked wiih 4 joslous reapect for the au ity of the United States and tho rights of their mora) and lovel e@itizens. HANOVERIAN STATE Di ‘The convantion with Hanover for Ue abbuicion of the jate dues lias been carried into full efect omer the act H Congress for that purpose, THE HLOCKADE, es of seacoast ould not be established and vigorously enferced in a @enzon Of great commercial activity like the prevent with- out committing occasions! mistakes and iaficting wwin Rentiona) injuriez uj ou foreign ual and thelr subiects. A civil war, occurring in @ camtry whi signers re- side aud carry on g trale under troaty etip ulations. is ne ccssarily fruitful of complaints of the vivlation of neutral fights. Al! euch collisions tond to excite misappreieu. sions aod possibly to produce mutust rec.awations be ‘tween nations which have a commoa interest in pre- eerving’ peaco aad friendship. in clear cases of these kinds 1 have, so far as pozsitie, board and redressed ‘womplaivts which bayo wecn presented by trieadly Powers. + There iz, however, & large and avgmentiug eamber of dovbiful oases upon which the government is enable to agree with the governmonts whose protection is demanded by the claimants, Thore are, wor eases in which tha United States or heir citize: wrongs from the aaval or military authorities of foreigu | wations, which the govorpiments of these States are not at | once premered to redress. I have propused to some of | the foreign States thas iaterestod mutual conventions | examino ant adjust such complaints. This pro. | Position hes deen made especially to Great | Britain, to Francs, to ain and to Pruss To each cago it haa S900 Kimdly received, but Las aot yor Been formally adopted. T deem it my ¢ to recominend an appropristion jn dolalf Of the owner of the Norwegian | Dark Admiral. Turcioos Riols, which veesot was in May, | 4861, proventel by the commander of the Dlocxading | Pores Off Chorlaton froma leaving thal port with cargo, not. withstanding @ similar privilege bat shortly before been | grantet {oan English yosse!. Ihave dirocled tho Score) tary ef State to caiae tho papers ju the caay to bo com municated to the proper committers. | FAQGRATION OF THR NEGROES. { applics have been madeto me by many free Ameri. eansof African lorcont to favor their emigration, witha wiew to tuck colonization a9 vag Contemplatod in recent acts of Cougres’. Other partioa,at home and adroad, | ome from faterestod motives, others upom patriotio eonsiderations, and still others influenced by philanthropic gontipioats, havo suggested Similar mogsarom; wile, ou the ojhor hand, several of te Spanish-Amerioan rapub. gica havo protested agtiast the sending of such evloniste fo their respective torritorias, Under these oiroum. tances I have declined to move any such oelony to any State without fret obtaining tue consent of tis govern. ment, with an agrecnigyt on Its part to receive and pro. Soot auob omigranis in ail cheie righia of froomen; and T Teave ot tho samo Lime offerat to the #svera! States situat. ein the tropio#, OF having ostenies there, to negotiate i j with them, subject to the advice and consont of the | Gounte, to favor (he voluutary omigrntion of persone of to thelr roapective tafritorios, upon eonditions hat) bo equal, just and huthaue, Liberia and Bayt are,an yet, tho only countrios to whieh colonists of African descent from here could go with eortain ty of being received end = adopled an citi. gene, and fo regret to say that such persons Spiemalsiips Wiowiastiop do av} Mem 80 willing | ments made | able. proving and that ere long there will be an augmented an ‘cwonslorable emigration to both those countries from the ‘United States, COMMERCIAL TREATING WHTD TURKEY, LIBERIA AND RAYTI. ‘The now commercial treaty botween tho United Btates and the Suilap of Turkey bas been carried into execution, A commercial and consular treaty bas been negotiated , wbject to the Senate's econgont, with Liberia, and @ similar negotiation is now pending with tho republic of Hayti, A considerable unprovement of tie national commerce is expested to result from these measures. OUR REE ATIONS WITH THR HUROPEAN AND ABIATIO NATIONS, Our relations with Great Britain, France, 3palu, !’01 Ruedia, Prussia, Dovmagk ,Bwodga and Augiria, the Nother- Jandg, Italy, Rome and tho other Furapean States remain undisturbed, Very favorablo relations airo continue to be maintained with Turkey, Morocoo, Chine and Japan. HW REPUBLICS OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, During the inst year there has not only been no chauge of our previous relations wilh the independ «nt States of our, own contivedt, but more friendly sentinents than haye Hheretofere existed are believed to be entertaiosd by these neighboxa whose gafoly and progreas are 60 jatimately connected with our own. ‘This statement: espocial Ties Lo Mexico, Costa Riva, Nicaragua, Hon- dovag, Peru aud Chile, Fhe Commiseion, mnder tho ron vention with the republic of New Granada closed its eos- sion without having audited and parsed upon all the claims which wore submitted to it. A pioposition is pending to revive the convention, that it may be xblo to mere complete justice. 'The Comuission between the led States and the republic of Costa Rica has completed ite labors and submitted its report. WME ATLANTIO AND PACING TRILGRAIN CABLES. Lhave favored the project for connecting the Uniiedt States with Furope by an Atlantic telegraph, and a sini lay project to extend the tclegraph from San Fre connest bya Pacific telegraph with the wire which is being extonded across the Russian empire, VHB UNIUKD SIATES TERRITORI2S AS VET UNDISTC: CIVIL WAR-—2TMIR VALUE. ‘Tho Territories of the United Statos, with unimportant exceptions, have remained undisturbed by the civil war, and they aro exhibiting euch evidence of prosperity as RD BY THM justifies an expectation that some of them wil! goon be ia | a condition to be organized as States and be constitution. 186] ameanted to $9,319,296 40, which embraced tho revebug from ail the States of the Union for throe-quar® tere of that yoor. Notwithstanding the cessation of reve- Rue from the #o-called secoded States during the last fiscal Year, the increase of the correspondenco of the. loyal States bas been suificient to produce a revenue during the game yoar of $8,209,820 90, bemg only $50,000 less than was derived from all the States of the Union during the previous year, The expenditares show a stil) mor? favorable result, The auiount expended in 1861 was $19,606,759 11. For the lust yaar the amount has been reduged to $11,125,004 13, showing @ docroase of sbout $2,481,000 in the expenditures as com. parod with the preceding year, aud about $3,750,000 as compared with the fisea) year 1860. The doflelency in the department for the previous year was $4,551,960 98. For the last teeal yoar it was reduced to $2,112,514 67. These favorable vosulis are in part owing Yo the cessation of mail ervieo ip the insurrec- Mignary States, and in part to @ careful review of alexpenditures in that department, in the in- terest of economy. ‘The efficienvy of the postal service, ib is believed, har also Bean much improved. SINPLIFICATION OF FORRIGN PORTAGE Ravi. The Postmaster General also opencd a Pondence through the Department of State with foreign governments, propesing @ conyertion of postal reprezentatives, for the purpose of simplify? ing rates of tere postage aud to oxpe- dite the foreign mails. This proposition, equally import ant to onr adopted citizens and to the commercial in- terests of thie country, has been favorably entertained and agreed to by ail the governments from whom re- plies have been received. Task the attention of Con- gress to the snggestious of the Postmester General, in hisreport, rewpocting the farther legislation required, ia bis opinion, for the benefit of the pootal service. RIMENT OF Tidy INTEWOR, Tho Secretary the Interior reports as follows in regard to public tands.—“Tbe public lands have ceased to be & sources of revenue. From the Ist of duly, 1861, to the 20th of September, 1862, the entire corres. cach receipts from the sales of lands were $137,476 26—. | & sum mueh less than the expense of our land system duriog the game period. The Lomestead law, which wiil take effect on the 1st of January next, offers such ally admitted into the federal Uvion. ‘The immense mineral resources of some of these Territories ought | to be developed us rapidly as possible. Mvery | step in that direction would have a tendency io | impreve the revenues of the: government and dim) ; tho burden: of the people. 1t is worthy of consideration whether some extraordinary ms 1 Promcte that end cannot be adopted. ‘The means which | suggeete itself as most likely to be effective in 2 svientidc | oration of the mineral regions in there Territerios, | with a view to the publication of its result at home and foreign countries—results which cannot fii iv a ‘We FINANCES OF THE COCNTRY. ‘The coudition of the finances will claim your most dili- sation, ‘The vast expenditures incident to the | teinly unusnai in similar clroamatances, the pubiie credit hae been folly maintained. finuance of the wa: | Yhe con | awever, aivt the ineveased disburse: mary by the atigmented forces now | demand your best retivctiong as 4 the best modes of providing the necessary | revenue without injory to business and with the least pesstbie burdeus apon Iaber. SPECIE PAYAEN!Y-CUNEENCY. ‘The suspension of specie paymonts by the banks H won ailer the commencement of your last session mode large issues of United Slates notes unayoid- Th no over way could the payment of the troops aud the satisinetion of other just demands be so coonomicaliy oF as well preyided (or. The jud i lation of Congress, scouring the veceivability of these | notes tor loans and interna? duttes, aud making them a “legal tender’! for olher debie, bas made them univeraal ourreucy, and has satisfied, partially at loast, and for the time, the long felt want of a uniform eircwiat dium, saving theseby to the poople immense eounts and exchanges, A returu ta specie payinents, how . &t the oarliest period compatible with due re. gaurd to vil interests, should ever be Kept in view. PRREIDENI'S TINANCIAL POLICY. of curren riovs, aud to redace these factuars ble point witlaiways bea loud Convertibiity, prompt and the eld to 9 tegts 1) the low poms in wite iogisialiow ne : ; le in coin, wud sam cieutly large for the wants of the insuent Jy osefally and safely maintained. Ts there, then, ony othor inode in whieh the neceeeary provisuon for the public can be made and the great advantages ofa safe Too Atrency secured? 1 know of none whiels path, ae GES! | TgANIZation OF bawdy assooeLions general act of Congress well gaarded iu its pro Yo such agacciations the goverument miviet fur ng notes On dhe security of United states vous deposited in the Treasury. These noles, prepared gaiust them, and exlation of Upitod } { aauie ting 5: under por officers, being uniform im | e always into { coin, Would af once protect labor ag, t the evs of 4 eney and facilitate commerce by cheap ant safe ewmbanges, A modernfo reservation from | the jnierest on the bonds would cainpensate the | Uniled Statoa for te gps ‘stribation ef ‘the notes, and a geue wrvision of the syston would lighten the burthen of that part of the employed og wecuritics. ‘The yubi ; cover, would ve greatly Improved and the negotiation of new 4 loans greatly facititated by the steady nit for | governtent bonds which the adoption it By-tom would create, {tis an addi:ional recommerl ] oy the mensure, of considerable weight in toy jndewment, that it would revoneile, ag far as possible, all existing Aw- | toreets by the opportunity offered to existing institutions | to reorganiAMinder the act, substiluting only the seonred, uniform national circulation for the loca) and varios cir. | culation, secnred and nusecared, now issued by them. | TRBASURY RBCRINTS POR THE YEAR Tuo receipts into the Treasury from all sources, ij cluding joan oud balance from the preceding year, for the fiscal year ending on the 30th of Jone, 1862, wore $583,899,247 06, of which sm | $49 058,397 62 wore derived from customs; $1 173 | frou the direct tax; from public tauda, $162,208 77, from miscellaneous rosources, $931,787 64; from loans in aM | forme, $429,992,400 59, The remainder, $2,257,080 $0, | was the balance from last year. j TREASCRY RRPRNSRS FOR THR TEAR. ' ‘The disvorsemonts during the same period were For Congressional, executive and judicial purpesea, | $5,999,009 29; (or foreign fntercourse, $1,939,710 85; | for micolianeons etpousea, including the mints, | foans, Port © deficiencies, collection of reveuve | and other [ke charges, S14 120,171 50; for ox. | ponses wader the Interior Department, 92,985 2: | under the War Department, $304,988,407 86; under the Navy Dopartmout, $42,074,009 6%; for interost on the | public debt 445, and for the payment of the | public debi, iuctuding raimbursérasat of temporary iona | and redemptions, §96,008,022 09-—tuking au aegragate of | $570,841, 70086, and leaying a balance | the int day of July, 1802, of $19,045,545 81. It ehoutt be | observed that (he sum of $06 ,096,% , expended for re inbursomonts and redemption of the public debt, being | 4 also ft the loans made, may be properly deducted | both Croin tho receipta and oxpeuditures, leaving j eacaipts for the Your F48T,788,824 97, and tho expen | tures $474,144,783 18. Other information on tie subject eP the Ananees will be fouud in the report of the Secreiary | Of the Treaaury | your most candid and considerate attention. THE ARMY AND NAVY. } The reports of the Secretaries of the Navy and War | are herewith transmitted. ‘Theme roports, thongty lengthy, are scarcely more than brief abstracts of the very numerous aud exteusive trassactions and Operations conducted throngh these departments, sor could T giv itmmary of then bere upom any principle which would admit of it¢ being Monch shorter thaa the reports themaelver. I therefore content myaelf wittt Iny~ hg (he report® before you and arking your altention them. tho Treasury on | TF POST OFFICE DRPARIMENT. Jt gives me pleasyre to report @ decided improvement heactaat | the to whose staten@ht and views 1 invite | + ; surface whiok is owned and “inhabited by the poopie of | the United States i# well adapted to be the home of ove + gational family, and tt is not well adapted for two or | more, fls vast extent and its variety of climate and | productions aro of advantage in this age for one peoplo, | whatevor they might have boom in former agos. inducements to settlers that sales for cash cannot be ex- pected Loan extent sudticient to meet the expenses of the | Couera! Land Office and the cost of surveying and bring. ing the Jaud into iuarket, The discrepancy between the We from the sales of the public oe ag re- ported from the Treasnry Department arises, as T nnder- stand, from (he fact that (he periods of time. though ap- parently, were wot really coincident at the beginning pvint, the Treasury report luding a considerable eum now which had previousiy been veported from-the Interior, suillcieatly large to greatly everreach the sum dorived from Che three months dow reported upon by the Interior, and not by the Ereasary, INDIAN AFFALRS—~'t0E INDIAN: The Indian tribes upon ear frontiers have, daring the past year, manifested a spirit of tusubordination, and at several points have engage) in open hostilities against the v ly. The trives ocenpy- neountyy south of Kansas renounced their to the United States and entered into treaties with the iusurgents, United Si utes were drivea (rom the country. tbe the Cheroke:s bas visited this city for the pur- Hations of the tribe with t they were comstrained superior ater into treaties with the insur gents, and that the United States neglected to furnish the prote: D THR RABBLE, The TALE im the month f August Inst the Sioux Indians, in Minnesota, attacked the setilemenss in their vic with extreme ferocily, Kiling indiscriminately men, wo- men and childrev. ‘This attack was whelly unexpected, aad therefore no means of defence bad been provided. Tt 1s catimated that not tess thau eight handred persons ¢ Indians, anda large amount of property How this outbreak was induced is not detuitely kuown, and sugpigions, which may be unjust, need not, be stated, Information was received by the Tadian Bureau, fro different sources about the time hos-* tilliiee were comprenced, that a simultaneous attack was to be mude upon the wh sottioments by all the tribes fesiseippi river and the Recky Mountains. State of Minuessta bas suffered great in- fury from tuis Indian war. A large portion of her territory has been depopulated and a severe loss bas been alned Dy the dos! 1 of property. The people of Ai State manifest much auxiety for the removal of the tribes beyond the fimits of the State az a guarantee against Luter hostilities, The Commissioner of indian Afvire will furnish fall details. I submit for your expec! considers!) whether ovr Tadian system shall not be edie wise and good men have been im lief thet this can be profitably done. ub LACIE RUACAL gD ZS INTERNAL Gayars. nik of the proceed sionere, whick shows the the enterprise of constructing the Pacific Railroat; aud this anggests tue oarlice*t completion of the road, avd algo the favorable action 6 Con, apon the ‘projects now peoding before thera for guiarging tie capacities of | the great esuals In New and Tilinole, as be’ Vile! and vapily increasing importance to the whole ha. tion, and especiatly to Uy vast ivterior region hereinafter to be woticed at somo greater longib. I purpose having preparcd anit taid before you at ag early day some inter: esting catuable statistical inforraation upon this ary and convmercial importance of the 1!}in08 river, is presented in the report of Colonel Webster to the Secretory of War, and now transmilied to Congress. | reepoctfaully ack attention to ik, Uth URUARTMENE OF AGRICCLTURE. ‘To carry ot the prov’ of the act of Congras Uth of May last, [have caused the Department of Agri- culture of tho United States to be organized. The Com missioner informs mo that wituin the period of a few mouths this department bas established wwextens system of correspondeace and exchanges, hoth at home and abroad, which prontises to eMvct highly beneticiat reauite in the devolopment of a correct knowledge of re- | cont improvements ju agcicultare, in the introduction of | new product#, and in the collection of the agrioultaral statistics of the diferent States: also that it will goon bo prepared to distri enttings, and has already poblished and liberally dit ised mych valuable information, in suticipation of a more claborate report, which will in dus time be furnished embracing some valuable tests in chemical science vow in progress in the laberatory, The creation of Luis tmont was for the moro unmediate be claaa of our most valuable for T trust that the liberal basis spon which it has been Organized will not only meet your approbation, but that it will foatize, at ao distant day, all the foudest an! pationa of ite most aanguine friends, and become tie frnitfal source of advantage to all our poople. {Me RMANOIPATION PROCLAMATION, On tho tweaty-second day of September | mation was issned by tho Executive, & copy of which ia horewith submitted. In accordance with the purpose oxproaged in the seooud paragraph of that paper, [ now respectfully recall your attention to what may be called ““Qompensated Emancipation.” WHAT CONSTITUTRS A ATION, A nation may be said to consist of its terri tory, ita peoplo and its laws, The tercitory only part which is of cortain durability. “One goneration pasgeth away and another generation cometh; bat the earth abideth forever.’ It is of | the first importance to duty to comsidor and estimate tuis ever endaring part. That portion of the @arth's Btoata and (elogtapha, iN Inteliigence,have brought these Tw the jnangura! address 1 brledy pointed out the total Inadequacy of disunion as a romedy for the differences bo. tween the poople of the two section® T did goin lan guage which [ cannot improve, and which, “thorefore, T beg to ropeat— ‘Those who vemained joyal | of the Commis. | that has beow made in | largely goede, cereals, plants and | ta procia® | to be an advantageous combination for ono united people. ; "One section of opr country bolicyes slavery ia ~NEW YORK, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1862. =———. PRICE TWO CENTS. right and ought to bo extended, wifile the other | by tho mesure wilt have passed away before itt con- Ddelieves it is wrong and ought not to be extended This is tho only substantiai dispute. ‘the fugitive shive clave Of the congtitution aud the law for the suppression oF tho African slave trade @9 each ag woll onforeet, Povbaps, as any law can ever bo tna cunmnnity where the moral. sense of the people imperfectly supports the jew iisell, Tho great body of thy poopie avide by tao legal obli gation in both casas, and a tew break oyor in each. ‘This, I think, caunot bo perfectly cured, and it would bo wore in both ewes atter the xepara tion of tho fvctions than before, Tho flava trode, now imperfectly suppressed, de ultimately revived without restriction. im one £ec! while fugitive w only partially surren|a would ndt be su dered at ali by tho other, Vb; ng, WO Cange rato—ie caunot remove jong from each other or Wnild an tmp en thom. A husband and wife moy be i » out of tho presence and beyonit tt ch ef exeh other; but the vont parts of Our Country Cans pot do this, They eannot but rewain face to face, and iutercourse, either auivable or Hostile, must aoitiane be- tween them. fe it possible, then, 10 make thay inter. eourde more advantngeons or more sath after reparation than boiure? Can aliens mako than friends wan make Jawa Can ieaties be moro faith fully coforved between liens ten lawe can among fri nds? Suppose you go to war: yon eangol fight always, and When, after mrch toag-on bo.b sides, and wo grin on either, you coase flehting, the identical old queatious as to terms of Intercourse are again upon vor.”? WOY THE UNITED Sr47K3 MUSE MOT ER DIVIDED. Thore is no Hine, straight or oreoked, suitable for national boundary upon which to divite, Trace through from East 10 West upon the Une between the free and flaye country, and we eball find -a ‘ttle more then one-third of ils length is rivera, easy to be cromed and populated, or soon to he populated thickly upon both sides; while nearly all its remaining length is merely surveyors’ lince, over whish people may walk back and forth without any consei their presence, No part of this line van be more diMcult to pass by writing it down on paper or parchment as a national boundary. ‘The fact of scpara- tion, if it comes, gives up on the part of the seceding section the fugitive slave clause, along with all other constitutional obligations upon the eeation from, while 1 ghould expect no troaty stip would ever be made to take its plice. But there is another diffeulty. The great foterior reyion— Dounded east by the Alleghanies, north by the Brit- igh dominions, west by the Rocky Mountains and south by the line along which the culture of corn and cotton meets, and which inclulas part of Virginia, part of Ten- nezgee, all of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon- sin, Minois, Miseonri, Kansas, Towa, Minnesota, and tho ‘Territories of Dacotah, Nebraska aud part of Colerado— has above ten millions of people, and wil};have fifty mil- Hons within Atty years, if not prevented by any political folly or misteke, I contains more Uian one-third of the country owned by the revolted States, c2rtaivly more than vne ion of equare miles. Once hai ax populous ag Mavsachusotts already iz, it would have more than forenty-five millions of people. A glance at the map ows that, territorially speaking, it is the great body of the republic, ‘Yho over parts are but marginal borders to it, the magnificent region sleping west from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific | boing the deepest and also the richest in undeveloped re- seurees the production of provisions, grains, grasses aud ati which proceed from them. This great interior region is naturally one of the most important in the world. Agcertain from the statistics the small propor- tion of the -region which has as yet been brought into cultivation, and also the large aud rapidly fnereasing amount of its products, | and we shall he overwhclmed with the maguitude of the prospect presented; and yet this region has no seacoast, tovches no ocean anywhere. As part of one nation, its | people now £ or find, their way to Europe by New Orleans, and to Asia by San Pranctsco, But separate | our commou country into Cwo nations, as designed by the present rebellion, and every man of this great interior region is thereby cut off from some one or more of these cutlets, not perbapa by @ physical barrier, but by embar- ing and onerous trade regulations, Aud this is true wherever a dividing or boundary line may be fixed. Pace it Velween ihe uow free snd slave country, or placo it south of Kentucky, or north ef Ohio, and etill the truth remains that pone south of it can trade to any port or place north of it, and none north of it can trade to any port or place south of it, except upon terms dictated by a government foreign to them. These out- lois, inst, West aud South, are indispensable to the well boing of the pe>ple inhabiting and to inliabit this vast interior region. Which of the thres may be the best is no proper question. all of right belong to that peop!o and to their suceessors forever. True to themselves, they will met ask where a line of separation shall be, but will vow rather that there shall be no such dine, Nor are the mrginal regions less to the gveat outside world. They, too, and each of them, must have access to this Eyypt of the West, without paying toll at the crossing of apy national boun- dary. Our national strife springs not frou one permanent part, uot from the laud we Inhabit, not from onr natioual homestead. ‘There i@no possible severing of this, but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils among us. In ail its adaptations and aptitudes it demands union oud abhors separation. ‘In fact, it would ere loug force rownlon, however much of blood and trea. sure the separation might haye cost. Our etrife per- tains to ourselves, to the passing generations of men, aud 1 canuot, without convulsion, be hushed forever { with the passing of one genorativiie { HOW ALAVRRY CAN AND DULY RE ERADICATION FROM TAR LAND, 4 Tu thls view. 1 recommend the sloption of the following } resolution and articles amendatory ty the constitution of ' dhe United Statess— 4, By the Senate aud House of Ropresentatives United States of Am in Congress assembled, f oR houses ing, that the following: be proposed to the Legislatures or conventions of the several states a8 amendments to the constitution ‘of the United states, 9M or any of which articles, when rotiied by Uireefourths of the said Legislatures or con- ms, to be valid as part or parts of the said Comstitus j | | vision }lemEvery State wherein slavery now exists which stall aol 3 ‘Ist day of January, in tbe year of our Lord one. compensation from ates, bearin, ! ¢ shown tohare by tae eighth census of the United States: ea be delivered to such State by ina'alments, or in 01 {Oc ai the completion of the abolishment, acvord | ne shall have been gralual, or at one time, within ech Btate: aod interest shall begin to’ run upom any each bond only from the proper titoe of its delivery as afore. | asi), and eftorwaras State having received ds as } afordeald, and aftorwarfis introducigg or toleravag Mavery | therein, shail refand to the United Btatos the bouds 90 re- eolved, or the value thereof, and ail interast paid thereon. AvticlmAll saves who shall have exjoyed actual | freedom by the chanees of tho war at say time before | the end of the rebellion shaii be forever free; but all owners of such who suall not have been { joya) shail be comypensited for them at oame rates a are ded States adopt tor shall be twice accounted for ey and other. ersone, wit WAY THR PORRGOING ABTICLMA SUOULD AR ADOPTED, . | Cbeg indulgence to discuss those proposed articles at eh the Saiue therein at any time or times be- | pro istument of slavery: but in euch a way that | } without the | sumnantion,” They will never geo It, Another clase wall rospectof emancipation, but will deprécate the tine. ‘They will feel that it gives too hitle to ing slaves; But it really gived them muah, It ®aves thom from the vagrant destitution which Must largely attend imuediate esoaneipation in localities where thelr numbera are very great, Bnd it gives the jaspiritiug assurance thal their poster!ty shail,bo free forever, The play loaves to eae te eboosing to act under tt to abotieh y now or at the ond of the contiry, or atany intermediate time, or by degrees, oxtondiog over tho whole or any part of that Period: and it obliges no two States to proceed atike- Ib algo provides for compensation, and, geuernily, the modeof making it, This, it would acom, must further mitigate tho dissatiefaction of those who favor perpetual Alavery, and especially of those who aro to revelve com, pensation, Donbtloss some of those who are to pay aud Rot to veceive wilt object; yet that tho moasore ts both Just and econemica} is certain, Ths liberation of the staves is the destruction of property—property acwuired b, ny other propor het 19 for the orig re the people of deseeot or by purchase, the camo as Wig mo loss tro for haying been often eaid people of the jonth are no yor of this prove spon y than when It f¢ romombered bow unhesiin ting. all of us tise—cotton and sugar, and share. tho profits of dealing in them, i muy not be 4 afe ty pay that the South urs been more r than tho North for itg continuance. If, then, for a common object, this property is ty be sacri feed, is ii not just that it bo done ata common char And if, with lesa money or inonoy more ensity prid, wo can better preserve ‘the benefits of the Union by this means than we can by the war alone, (a it not econom!eal todo it? Jot tis consider it,then, Let ug ascertain the som wo have expended in the war sinee compensated emancipation was proposed last Moreh, and consider whether, if that measure had been promptly acceptet by even gome of the slave States, the eame sum would not have dene more to close the war than has boen otherwiro done, If ee, the measure would saye money, and in that yiew would be a prudent and economical measure certainly. It is not so easy to pay something at itis to pay nothing; Dut it is easier to pay a lirge sum ‘than it is te pay a larger one, and it is easier to pay any suia whon we are able than it is to pay it before we are able, The war requires it at once, ‘the aggre sum necessary for compensated emancipation, of cow would be large; but it would require no ready cash or bonds men any faster than the emancipation progresses. THE PROSPECTIVE INCREASE OF THR COUNTRY 10 AID THI MEA ‘This might not, and prob.bly would not, close before the All are better than either, and | New York end of the thirty-seven years, At that timo we shall proba bly have 100,000,000 of people to share the burden, instead of 31,000,000 as now; and not only so, but tho incre: our population may be expected to coutinue for a long time after the period as rapid!y as before, bevanse_our territory will not have beceme full. J do not state this inconsideratély, At the sam» ratio of increase whieh wo have maiptained on an average fron 01 cengns in 1790 nutil that of 1560, we shy & population of 105,208,415. And why may we not cor tinue that ratio far beyoud that period? Our abundant room, our dread national Lomesiead, is our auwpie rosoui ce. Were our territory as limited as aro the Bri very co:tainly our population could not expand Instead of receiving the ioreign born as now, ¥ ‘be compelled to send part of the native born away; but siteh is not our condition, We have two millions uine hundred aud sisty-three thousand square miles. ° has three millions and eight hundred thousand, with population averaging seventy-tuvee and one-third p sons to the eqnare mile, Why may not our country at some time average as many? Is it loss fertile? Tas it more waste surface by mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts er ober causes? Is it mferior to Europe in any natural advantage? If, then, we are some timo to be as populous as Europe, how Boon? As to when this may be we can judge by the pt and the present. As to when it will, if over, depends much on whether we majatain the Union, Several of our & areabove the average European population of seveuty- three and a third to the equare mile. Massachusetts has 157, Rhode island 133, New York and New Jersey cach 80; also two other great States, Pennsylvania aud Okio, are not far below, the former baving 63 and the latter 69. The States already above the European average, except ave increased in as rapid ratio since passing that point as ever before, while no one of fei is equal to some other parts of our country iu national capacity for sustaining a dense population, Takiag the nation-in the aggregate, and we find its interested in these communications to and through them { Population and ratio of increase for the several deeen- nial periods to be as follows:— Per vent Ratio of Increase. Population. 29,827 0,987 9,814 Be + .95683,131 1830. 12,866,020 1840, «17,960 463 1850 +23,191, 876 1860. eee BT 443,790 ‘This shows an avorage decimal Increass of 94.60 per erat in population through the seventy years from our firet to our last census taken. Tt is seen that the ratio of increase at no one of these seven periods is eiller two per cont below or two per cent abore the average, thus showing how inflexible, and consequeutly how reliable, the law of increat in our case ie, Assaming that it will atinue, it gives tho following . steceee 2s1 980 ta ‘Those figures show that our country may be as populous as Europe now is at ome point between 1920 and 1980--sey sbout 1925—our territory, at venty three and one-third persons to the square mile, ‘being of the capacity to contain 217,186,000, aud we will Teoch this, too, if we do aot onrasives relinquish tbe uid evils of digunion or by long and exhausting war, springing from the only great ele ment of ortioual discord among us, While it cannot be foreseen exact'y how mich one huge éxample of seces- sion breeding lessor ones indefinitely would retard the population, civilization and prosportiy, no one can doubt that the extent of it would be very groat and injurious, Tws# Porc TO BND THE Wan, ‘The propose emancipation weuld shortea the war, per- Petuate peace, iasuré this iucrease of population, and pro portionately tie wealth of the country. Wl this we. should pay all the emancipation woald cost, together with our other debts, easior than we shoud pay our other debts withent it, If we had allowed our old ational debt to run at six percent per annum, simple interest, rom the ead of our Revolutionary struggle tf! to day, withont paying anything om either princi pai or interest, each man of us would owe less upon that debt mow than each man owed ‘pon it then end this because our incraase of teu through the whole period has been groator than sig per cont, and hay tun } some length. Without slayerg the rebellion would never | fastor than the interest apon the debt. Thus time alone | have existed; without slavery it could net continue, of soutiment and of policy in regard to slavery and the African monget us. Some would abolish it | gaddenly, and without compensation; tome would abolish it gradually, and with compensation; some would remove the freed people from us, and some would rotai | with u#, amd thero are yot olber minor diversities. Be | gauge of these diversities we waste much strength fo straggles among ourselves; by mutual con coesion we should harmonize and act together. | mis would Le a compromise among the fricnds aud not | with the enemies of the Uaiow, These articles are ia- | tended to embody a plan of such wutual concessions, If (he plan suall be adopted, if is askumed that emancipation | wil follow, at Jeaat in several of the States. As to the dirat | article, the main points arom Firat—The emancipation, | Secondly—The length of time for consummating (thirty | seven years). thirdly—The compeusation. HOW THIS POLICY WIL DRNMFIT TAN SLAVE AND i118 OWNER. | } advooaten of perpetual slavery; of time should greatly mitigate « thoir dissatise fection. The time os bol tacos from tbe evita OF suddon “A | sity of any Aorangemont; while most of those | habitual courke of thorght will be disturbed them | | ' i 1; In fitet, from the) congress. relieves a dobtor nation so lomg ae it# population increases Atnong the friends of the Union there is greqt diversity | raster than unpaid interest accumulates on ita debt. This fact would be no excuse for delaying the payment of what is justly dae; but ft shows tho great importance of time in this vonnostion, the great advantage of a policy by which wo shail not have to pay until we vumber @ hundred = millions what by @ different policy we should have to pay now when the qumber ia but thirty-one titi In a word, ft shows that @ dollar will bo much barder to pay for tho war than will bo ® dollar for omanoipation on the proposed pian, And then the tattor will cost a9 blood, ao precious fife: it will be a saving of both. ‘As to the second article, T think {t would bo jropracticable to return to bondage the clase of ‘gone therein eontemplated. Some of them, doubtless | ia the property seuse, belong to loyal owners, and hence provision is made in this articio for compensating auc! ‘Tho third article relates to the future of the freed people, It does oot oblige, but morely anthorizes, ‘Congress to aid in golonizing such as may consent, This Tho omaucipation wil be unsatisfactory to the gught not to be regarded a8 objectionable on the one but the length — pand or on the aghor, in 49 much as it comes to nothing unless by mutual consent of the people to bo deported and the American voters through their representatives in SOW RMANCIPATION WILE APY ROT WHUTR LAROR I cannot make it better known than it already : <== 9 that I strongly favor colomiation; and yat & wich io soy hore I an objection urged againat morse romaining ia theoountry which is Jarpely tmarianey, if not aomatimum maliciowt. Tb is im sisted that tieir ‘ wankd injuce and displeoe white labor and whit» laborers, It there ever coutd be a propor time for m ro arguments, that time, surely, is not now. dn times Iie. the present mon whould utter nothing for wile they would not willingly Lo rosponsivta through time and etornity. 4% it truo, then, that colored poople ean displace aby more white labor by being free than remaining alaves? If they stay oa thelr Old plnooa they \joatio ma white laboowm; i they Joave thoir old places they Teave then oven to white nor le ay Logically, there ig neither mo ain Emivaipation, even without deportation, wo y cuhonge the wages of white Mbor, abd very surely would Hotreduco thom, ‘Thug tho customary amount of bor would still have to be porfirmed, The fread peowte world nobdo more than their old proportiomer ity and vably for atime would do: less, loaying an in- t to white Iaborera, bring ng their Inbor very pi areased yx into x demand, and cons rpnently. 5 buicing =the wages of it. With depovtation, even to limited extent, cnbaucing wages. | to white labor is piathomaticaily certain, Labor is Uke | any other commndity in the markets ine the demand for it, aud you inerea ¢ the price of it. Redave the supply of blwck lebor by colonizing the black laborer out of the @untry, and by procisuly #9 much you increase the de- mond for and wages of white tabor. But it ‘s decided has the freed people wall swarm for cover the, whole land, Are they not already in the fond? Wil Whee rtion aaake then any more nom roa? Ryo aty rbuted anong tho whites of tho whole country, aud there would be but me colored to sovon whites. Could the one in any way greatly distur the roven? There are many communities now having more t colored person to seven whites, an‘l th's with: sness of evil from it, The Dy ates of Maryland and Dola ‘The District has mors than colored to six whites; and yet, in ils tre quent petitions to Congress, I believe it haw never presented the presence of free colored pereuny a4 one of its grievances. But why should eimanoipa’ ion South send the frood people North? People of any exlor Tin unless there bo something to run irom, Heretn"ore | colored people, to some extent, have fled North from Dondage, and now, perhaps, from both bondage and des titution; but if gradual emancipation and do: ail@pted they will ha ther to flee from. masters will give them wages, at least until wow laborers can be procured, and the freed men in turn wil! glamy give their labor for che w ges thi now homes con be fonnd for them in congenial climes and with peopie of their own blood and race, ‘This proposition oom be trusted on the mutual intorests involved; and» in any event, e'nnot the North ide for steel Whether to recetve them? Again, av practice proves more than theory in any case, bas there boou any irrap™ tion of colored people Nort wird bycause of thy abvoliel ment of slavery int @ District of Cofimbia last spring? What I have said of the proportion of tres colored™ | porgons to the whitos im the District of Coimabia ts from the consus of 1860, having no riforence to persone called contrah.nds, nor to those mady free by the aut of Congross avery here. Tho plan, consisting of these arti-los, ia recem, mended, not but tht a restoration of the natynal euthority would bo accepted without its adoption, nor will the war or proceedings under tie proclamas tion of September 22, 1862, bo stayed Wecaneq of Mucndation of this plan. its timely adoption, I Colombia and the all in this ion, ne [108 pt, would. bring restoration, aud theroby stay both, And, notwithstanding this plan, th t wh! y adopt emancipation be shall have been acted upon is hereby carnestly renewed. Such would only be an adyarfce part of the plan, and the a wane ergumenta apply io both, This pian is recoms mended a3 a means, uot in on of, bab alditionsl to, al others = for ving «= aed peoserving tho national authority throughout the Usiom. The subject is presouted exclusively in ita economical acpect. Tie plan would,T arm contdont, sovire peace move speedily than can be done by forex alo, while 18 would cost joss, considering amounts ant mauner of pay- ment and tines 0° payment, aud tho aznounts would be aster paid then will be the adfitienal cost of the war it we reig solely up nforov. Iv is most likely, very imoly,” that it would cost 1.0 blond at all, JMR PROVOSED PCAN TO BR BUBIDIED IN ae Tho plan is proposed ag permanent It cannot become such without the concarr two-thirds of Cougresa, snd afterwards throe-fourths off the States. The requisite three-fourths of the States wi uccessarily iuctnde seven of the slave States. Thetr concurrenee, if obtained, will give scsiraneo of their eoverally adopting emaucipation at no distant day upon the new coustitutionsl terms. Thin asguranee would end the straggie now end save the Union forever. Ido not (orget the gravity whi}: should characterize @ paper neivessed to the Congress of tho nasiov by the Chief Magistrate of tho nation, nor do 1 forges that some of you afo my seniors, nor that many of you haye more experiens: than Tin ths vonduet of poblic affairs; yet 1 trust that, in view of the great re- sponsibility resting upom me, you will percelye n@ want of réspect to yourselves in any undue carnestness 1 may seem to display, Ie it doubted, then, that the plan I propose, ' adopted, would shorten the war, and thus lessen ite expen- djture of mousy and of blood? Is it doubted that it would restore the national authority and national prosperity, @nd perpetuate both ivdefinitely? Ia it doubted that we here—Copgress aud Exccutive-— can gecare ite aloption? Will not the good people rev spond toa uuited and earnest appeal (ron ust Can we, can they, by any other means, 60 certainly or #0 speedily assure these vilal objects? We can saceeed only by caucert. It ts mot, “Can any of us imagife better?” but Can we all do Ddelteri”s Object whatsoever is possible, till the question recurs, “Can we do better?” The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the atormy present. The ocvasion !s piled high with ditoulty, and we must rise with tho occasion, As our case is new, so we must think anew andact snow. We must disenthrall eurselves,and then we shail eave our country. Yellow citizens, we cannot escape history. Wo, of ihis congress, will we remembered in spite of ourselves. No personal signittcance or insignificance oan spare ove or another of us, The dery trial through which we pass will light as down in honor or dishonor to iho latest ation, We say that we are for the Union, The ‘World wil! not forgot that while we say this we do know how to save the Union, The world knows we de know how to save it, We, even we here, hold the power and bear the responsibility. In giving freedom to the slave wo aspure freedom to the free, hanerable alike in what we give and what wo preserve, We thali nobly save or moaniy love the last best hope of the earth. ‘Other meana may succeed, This could not fail. Tho way i@ plain, poacsful, gonerone, just—a way which, if foHowed, the world will forever applaud and God must forever bless. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. snmUnes Wasuxatow, Doc, 1, 1902. ————————————— City Intelligence Cacriow To THe BENEVOLENT.—A paper, signed by the Rey. Dr, Gallaudet, authorizing Mre. Stringfeld to collect wor the fair of St, Ann's church for deaf mates» reo seth on Friday last man Omnibus. This statement is made to provent any use being made of the paper. Iwarattanion or THe Naw Suraogate.—Mr- Gideon J, quckers the new Sacrogalo, entered upon the tution of his responsible office yesterday moruing, # Wi gate’s oilice ip Park row a In at. Mai axcnour Scycine ay SaooTixG.—Widiam W. Rich- ards, a resident of Degraw street, Brooklyn, committed guleite at bis brother: jolaw’s store, beret es yesterday aflornoe, by shooting himself through: head with a pistol. Deceased, 1 appeared, had partial’ effected arrangements to 60 to California, but subsequent- ly received & favorable proposition to go into business: at | at Providence, R. I. He was somewhat troubled im mind: as to the best course to pursue, and appeared quite neg: vous aud Cxeited (m contequence. Ho was in the habit oF sitting in his brother ja-law’s store an hour or two overy { put took oceasion to commit suicide when ho was | Coron janys | atone in the office When discovered ho was oo \ fleur, with b face tnd the pistol bY Lie \ ba roner Naumal wpon ki | ‘a verdict of suicide. Deceased was Une age, aud was a native of Pawtucket, *