The New York Herald Newspaper, October 5, 1862, Page 4

t NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1862. The JAMES GORDON BENSETT, reports. rrr od serena The Jura, from Londonderry on the 26th of Sep- OPFICEN. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS, teaamysboenies brew seer? Sve 3 hmaavance. Money yesterday, on her voyage te 00. fiesta senders “Monabad Band ils tw'rent Nao rork one day later than that drought to the same point LUE DAILY HERALD. (wo centeper copy. $7 ver annum DARE WEEKLY ‘every Saturdiry, at atx conte per 07 $3 per annum: the Ruropean Bdition mry hi ri combs per Cony, am 9 4 or BA Ar foe part oy the Corus mend, both to tnctude paatage; the ftom on the Let, 11h amd lei e/each month, at et by the City of Washington. ‘ ‘The Liverpool cotton market was irregular, and nominally one penny lower on the ales of the week, to the 25th ultimo, On the 26th ultimo it closed firmer, at from one-fourth to one-half of a penny advance, in consequence of later ad- vices from the United States. Breadatufis were steady, with a quiet market. Provisions were in- active. Consola closed in London, on the 26th ultimo, at 93% a 93% for money. The political aspect of the news by the Jura is not of an important character. A correspondent of the London Atheneum, writing from Naples on the 13th ultime, gives a very interesting description of @ recent visit to the new discoveries atthe ruins of Pompeii. Af ter detailing his tour through the halls, galleries of paintings and bedrooms of what had been @ noble palace, he says:—‘I must not leave this house without noting that vulgar ecribblers have already begun to leave their marks on the frescoed walls. M. A. Safford and Kitty Hil, of the United States, have been here, Who are BM. A. Safford and Kitty Hill? The world will never know the names, except as representing two individuals who had no respect for art, and who did their little to deface what time has preserved for centu- ries."? The London Zadlet has been (18th of Septem- ber) seized at the Paris Post Office for insinuating that the Emperor, however willing te advance the cause of the revolution, is no longer a free agent, and that he is under the tutelage of certain mar- shals, constituting themselves trustees for the Empress iu person. Captain Ingram having been elected Chief Su- perintendent of the newly organized Fire Br rade of Dublin—an important and lucrative post--the Dablin News says:—‘‘ tis connection with the New York Fire Brigade gave him al! the prestige and experience of that famous organization to back his claim.’’ The British steamcr Despatch was libelled some time ago for $30,000 in a civil suit, and placed in the custody of the United States Marshal; yellow fever broke out on board, and, as the Marshal could not keep a deputy there, lie notified the re- venue cutters to keep a lookout for her. On yes- torday morning she got up steam and was proceed- ing down the bay, when she was fired at by the revenne cutter Crawford. Of this she took no no- tice; buta signal to Fort Lafayette brought two ots before her bow; she then hove to, and at accounts was under the guns of that fort, which is a terror to evil doers. The gas company in Detroit, Michigan, will pay vormea I. Cee i, or per enw ii eAwine TERALD, on Wednesday, at four centa Der oLuNTARY CORRESPONDENCE. containing émporiant amon, galicitel fron any quarter of the worlds 47 used, notll be Weral'y paid for ‘mgrOok FORSIGN CORRESPONDENTS At PartiouLarcy Requasrap To Skat aii Larters anv Pack. RD NOTICE taken of anonymous corveapendance, We do not ron sons. enoead every day; advertisements im CWrrxtr Benacp, Pawity Hematy, an? tthe California ont European F ition JOB PRINTING executed with nectness, heqpnets and doe pat Volume XXVM... petri WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway.—A Cone rom tam Gaantacar. WINTER GARDEN Broatway.—Bevrvs. NEW BOWERY THE) Our or PLacr—KayMen BOWERY THEATKE, b: ouL—Et. Hrnns. ‘uu Sua King's Vow— GERMAN OPERA MOUSE, 435 Broadway.—Sreavreis. adtixors CREMORNE GARDEN, Fourteenth strect and Kt avenue.—PixkNcn SPr—BauLer, Prowexape Cox- EQomstRIANisM. 'M’S AMERICAN MUSEUM. Broadway. Coron: riOAL Fish, &¢.,atall hours, Vicroxixe on mains. BRYANTS' MINSTRELS’ Mechanics’ Hall, {72 Broad Wz Brmortax Sones, boritiques, Daxces, &c.—Tnx AOK ISRIGADE, OHRISTY'S OPERA HOUSE, 585 Broadway.—Erittorrax cs, Daxces, &0.—Tur Miscwinvovs Mowa: ¥. WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, $14 Broadway.—Eraroriax 08, Daxcxs.@c,—OrHELLo. HOPE CHAPEL No, 720 Broadway.—Exuiarrion or ARELL'S CALIFORNTA. HITCHUOCK’S THEATRE AND MUSIC HALL, Canal @ireel.—Soncs, DANCES, GURLESQUES, &C, GAIETIES CONCERT HALL, 616 Broadwav.—Daawisa Roox ENTE RrAINM ERTS. PARISIAN CABINET OF WONDERS. 663 Broadway.— Open daily from 10 A.M, till 10 P.M. ROOLEY'S OPERA "HOUSE, Brookt, Sosgs, Danons, Bur’ ous, &c, Erurorrax New York, Sunduy, ——— THE SITUATION. General Halleck has issued an order to General MoCiellan, acknowledging the receipt of his of- ficial report of the results of the battles of Sonth . * the ¢: nent tax from their ear! Mountain and A whic! = & ountain and Antietam, which, he rays, kas been | “eat tiie mecting of the Board of Aldermen yee- Jaid before the President. He congratulates him terday the Mayor sent in the on the achievement of, two victories, the ex- | Blunt fo! Commis nomination was rej An ordina five, ten, fi was referred t a by a vete of eleven to four. authorizing the Comptroller to issue n and twenty > cent shinplasters the Finance ttce. The or- ating $500,000 for the relief of vers was also referred to the tion of some pulsion of the enomy from the loyal State of land, ard commends the endurance of the men and the skill of the officers. nutry ho says, while it mourns the dead, will not be un- mindful of the li q The War Department has also issued an orde twansferring the Western gunboat fleet to the Nays Department, and returns thanks to al! the officers of the Navy and Army, and to the civilians who aided them, for their valor, skill and patrictisin exhibited in the service on the Western rivers during the past campaign. A reconnoissance made to Leesburg yesterday from Centreville discovered abont two thousand rebel cavalry at the former place. It is beHeved that the nenrest point to Washing- ton on the south side of the Potomac at which there are any rebels in arms is the Rappahannock station, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, fifty-one miles from Alexandria. Our Harper's Ferry correspondence to-day fur nishes a fine description of the late review of the army by the President. The Anglo-rebel steamer Sunbeam, which was captured September 28 off New Inlet, by the United States gunboats State of Georgia and Mystic, while attempting to run the blockade at Wilmington, arrived at this port yesterday, in charge of Acting Master Folsom. She has a cargo of gunpowder and brandy, valued at a quarter of a million dollars. We give elsewhere a history of this somewhat celebrated vesse), and a detailed account of her capture. Our news from Cincinnati upto last night states officially that Gen. Morgan has arrived at Green- upsburg, Ky., on the Ohio river, fifteen miles above Iertsmouth. He evacuated Cumberland Gap on the night of the }7th nlt., with Gen. Ste- venson’s army three miles in his front, with Bragg and Marehall on his flanks, and Kirby Smith in his reat. He kept on the defence dvring the march, the cavalry of Gen. Stevenson and the guerilla Morgan coustantly harassing him. He marched ove day twenty-four consecutive hours, and on three suocessive days, driving John Morgon’s men A grateful o unimportant business the o'clock to-morrow. There was a war meeting last evening at the Cooper Institute. The speakers were Mr. Shana- han, of Mississippi or Alabama, and the Rev. Mr. Carter, of Tennessee. The former told a wonderful story in regard to the existence of Union men in Northern Mississippi and Alabama, and appealed for aid and it forthem. The latter told of the real patridtism of the men of East Ten- nessce. Mr. Hamilton, of Texas, was expected to be present, but was prevented by other on- gagements. The Episcopal Triennial Convention met again yeaterday—fourth day. The sabject—the action to be taken by the Charch in relation to the re- bellion—was reintroduced, and discussed de novo. After a stirring debate the whole subject was re- ferred to a special committee of nine, and the Con- vention adjourned till Monday morning. George Heyden, proprietor of the Argyle Roems, 568 Broadway, was tried yesterday in the Court of Special Sessions, before Justices Steers, Welch and Dodge, on the charye of keeping a disorderly house, but was acquitted for want of euilivient evidence. The speculative fever is unchecked in Wali street. Yea- terday the business done ‘was enormous, Thore was no particular ebange tn prices at the first board, except in Frie old, which touched and Mivsouris, which soli at 58. At the second’ board there was a grest deal of realizing, and prices feM off'l a 134 yer cent ail round, ‘The activity of the etock speculetion has at iast affected the money market. Monoy wae im lively request yeoter day at Spercent. Exchange was firm at 13535, Gold rentol22X. The export of the day was about $700,000, The cotton market war somewhat irregular y while prices were without change of importance. salez footed up adcut $00 bales, on the baais « S6c, Some small necessity lots were reported at Most polders sed to accept prices umler » for mid ailing uplands ed with & good demaud, ebie. ly from the home trade, with an advance of 5: per DDL, bat towards the close less epirit prevailed, the improvement of the morning wes pretty much Jost, thong closing with more or less Orimness. Wheat was irregular, with a good demand for prime lots, while ti market fell off about le, per bushel for some deserip™ tions. Corn was in moderate request, with sales of sound Western mixed at 59¢, 4 60c. Pork wag ix good dew i S a os ri i with salen of mess at $1175, and of prime Siem Chale sapere: Fee tee Gays Matures wete at $1025. Sugars were rtcady, and in good demand on a limited supply of water. Such a feat must | ¢rom the trade. The salee om about 3,227 hhde. and 300 boxes ot steady prices. Coffee wan frm, with sales of 622 Rio at 28. net, cash. Freights were firm Wheat was emyaged to Liverpoo! at 12d. a 12) in belk and in ebips’ bags, anc corn do. at 115, Wheat to Len ge, was taken 8 153¢¢., and to Ginege ia. In ehips* bags be esteemed # great success. There appears to have been @ pretty brisk fight at Sarcoxie, according to reports from Springfield, Mo. Two brigades of the Kansas army were there on the 25th, and heavy firing had been heard in that direction. The particulars of the battle are not known. The rebels boast of having iarge forces in Arkansas, on the Missouri State lme, from whence they threaten to march directly on St. Louis. The Union feeling in North Carolina appears to be dominant. The Presideut’s emancipation pro- clamation has been received there with great en- thustasm by the non-slaveholders. They are to bold a great Union mass mecting at Beaufort in honor of the event, in which all the counties in the two neighboring Congressional districta are to be largely represented. The people are to bring their camps with them and lave a three days’ celebra- tion. All the candidates for Congress in both dis. tricts are to be present and address the people on the oocasion. A series of Union war meetings is being held in these counties, addressed by Hon. Charles Henry Foster. The Jura, off Cape Race, brings newe from Burope to the 26th of September, oue day later. orts of General McClellan's General Lee in Maryland had reached England, and infused great joy into the ranks of the Union- ists and their friends in that country. ‘The London Times and London Post refer, edi- torially, to the prospect of Garibaldi quitting Europe ag an American citizen, amd taking service in the federal army. The London Times says that tho General “may yet be seen fighting for the sub- seaetion of a nation wishing to be free,” Tar Postase C 'Y creat and not unjust complaints ave made by the public against the recent order from the Post Office Department repudiating soiled or defaced stamps for post- age, when it is impossible to use stamps for currency’ without eoiling them, and impossible to get along without uring them in this way. The department can very easily obviate any necessity for such an order by instructing ite ‘employes to deetroy the stamps upon letters passing through the post office, fnetead of mere- ly marking them, as at present. This would make ® impossible for any person to use a stamp twice or to clean a cancelled stamp, the ‘abuse of which the departme nt complains. But eyen supposing a few hundred stamps should be cleaned and used twice, the people have to Map for the loss, and they would rather pay ita thousand times than submit to the an- Tnoying inconveniences which the depautnient is ausing by repudiating soiled post stamps efore the government bas any othér sort of currency ready for distribution and eireulation. The idea of sending a valuable letter to the Dead Letter Office because the etamp is a Httle soiled or a corner of it torn off would be wbsurd, if it were not dishonest. Here is a chance for the government to obtain from the people thirty, forty or fifty millions of dollars without interest, by issuing the postage currency or supplying and encouraging the demand for postage stamps. Why this change ie not taken advantage of official blockheads, sumakulls and ,eckpuddings only knew. victory over clamation at Bichmend—A Siguificant Sensation. ‘The rebel Congress and the leading rebel or- gans at Richmond are in a terrible state of ex- citement and wrath over President Lincoln’s late emancipation proclamation. In the Senate of said Congress, Mr. Semmes, of Louisiana, the other day offered a resvlution denouncing this proclamation as “a gross violation of the usages of civilized wartaro, an outrage on the rights of private property, and an invitation to an atro- cious servile war, and therefore that it should be held upto the execcration of mankind and counteracted by severe retaliatory measures.” Rising at this bint, Mr. Clark, of Missouri, thought that Jeff. Davis should be authorized “immediately to proclaim that every per- son found in arms against the Coufede- rate goverument and its instiiutions on our soil should be put to death, and that every citi- zen of the confederacy be proclaimed a soldier, for the time being, to execute the proclamation upon the persons of every murderer, thief and scoundrel endorsing and acting under the pro- clamation of Lincoln.’’ Mr. Phelan, of Missis- sippi, bad “always been in favor of conducting the war under the black flag; and Mr. Henry, of Tennessee, also vehemently urged the black flag and a war of extermination. Finally, how- ever, these piratical speeches were ended for the day, by the reference of the subject to the Judieiary Committee. So much fer the rebel Congress. The Rich- mond Enguiver, which, next to the Charleston Mercury, has been the leading organ of South- ern secession, rebellion and civil war from the beginning of the conspiracy, denounces Presi- dent Lincoln as « “fiend,” and says that “But ler, the beast,” is ‘a saint compared to his mins, ter,” and that “the fiend’s new programme will necessarily destroy all terms between us.” It is somewhat remarkable, however,,that such @ prominent rebel journal as the Richmond Enquirer, which, fcom the commencement, has preached this war as a war on the part of Presi- dent Lincoln for the abolition of slavery, should be astonished and should stand aghast with a warning to this effect from Washington at this late day. The Richmond Dispatch, however, takes a cooler and more rational view of the subject. and frankly says, that as “for the proclamation itself, it does not in the least alter the characier of the war; that “it is no more an abolition contest now than it was at the first;” for that “the Yankees have stolen and sét free all the negroes willing to go wherever their soldiers have liad possession of the country.” This is substantially trne, end it is also true that we cannot enforce this proclamation be yond the lines of our fleets and armies. Why. then, this ferocious excitement of the original secession leaders and organs of the South? Why should they be so alarmed at this spectre of aservile war, this ghastly spectre of their own raising? They doubtless have their fears that the slaveholders of the South will see the other side of President Lincoln’s prociamation, and its offers of protection and security under the Union, and will begia seriously to reflect upon this house of refuge and safety as pre- ferable to the further continuance of a struggle which, if persisted in, can only end in their de- struction, slatery and all. This, we have no doubt, is the secret of the fierce and implacable wrath of the leading spirits of this rebellion. They fear that upon the issne between a return to the protection of the Union and the hazards of a long war their deluded followers may desert them and begin to debate the advantages of submission. Under this impression we bave no apprehensions of “the black flag ;” for when men in the despe- rate situation of the rebel chiefs at Richmond begin to threaten “the black flag.” they are beginning to think of the white flag, and an- other defeat or two in the field will bring it ont. The first point of getting President Lincoln's proclamation before the people of our revolted States is gained, and we expect that the next will shortly follow in the salvation of the South by the raising, not of the black piratical flag of extermination, but of the white fiag of submission, salvation and peace. Nationality and Niggerism. Mr. Seymour, the candidate of the democrats, and Mr. Wedsworth, the candidate ot the radi- cals, for Governor of this state, are equally in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war. nour announced most emphatically, in rch accepting the nomination. that he ired the war to be pushed forvaard ene y and triumphantly. Mr. Wadsworth, in b address to a verenading party at Washington, said precisely the same thing. Both of these gentlemen, therefore. must be accept s war candidates, and can be supported by war men. The great and essential distinction between the positions of these two gentlemen is pot, then, in regard to the prosecution. in regard to th yjoct of the war. Mr. Seymonr, bike all other wor derrocrats, in end out of the army, believes in proseonting the war for the Union, or, in other words, for the maintenance of our Bationality. ‘Two-thirds of the officers end soi- diers in ¢ mies are democrats, holding views identical with those of Mr. Seymour. On the other band, Mr. Wadsworth b ov in progecut- ing the war for the negro, or, in other words, for ememcipation snd abolition. A few useless officers in the army ond many stay-at-home radicals endorse hie belief! ' pletforme of the two candidates may therefore be thus sne- cinotly stated: Mr. Seymour thinks we should fight for the nation, and let the negro take care of himself; Mr. Wadsworth believes that we ehould fight for the negro, and let the nation take care of itself, That is the whoie case in a nutshell Jt bas been often demonstrated in these columns how greatly” the radical faction have added to the duration of this war, and incseased the loss of bife and expenditure of treasure during the year and a half of battles which have just elapsed, by attempting to divide the North upon the slavery quesiéon, and to change the purpose. of the war by substiiuting niggeriam for nationality Cela ery has had no friends here at the North since the “laveholders arrayed themselves in open rebellion against the ggverament. No man in the North, even inthe Joyal border States, has raised his voiee in favor of sacrificing the preservation of the Union to the preservation of slavery)pince the rebels attacked Fort Sumter. The only desire of all conservative men has been to save the Union, with’ or without slavery, as the fortunes of war might decide. But, on the other hand, there has been # faction of abo- Utioniste, whom we call, radicals, who have al- ‘ways been striving to destroy slavery, and to whom the Union is @ mere secondary oonsidera- tion, to be saved or lost, aa may Le most expe- London Post attompta to prove the incom: | President Lincoln's Emancipation Pre- | dient. If they had been wise mon they would for the Union, because slavery could hardly survive the overwhelming defeat of the rebel- lion. Asthey were fools and fanatics, how- ever, they persisted in trying to check the pro- gress of the war until they could transform it into a war against slavery, instead of against secession. It is this foolish and fanatical fac- tion to which General Wadsworth belongs, and of which he is now the representative. If this war has been, and shall continue to be, awar for our nationality, all the blood and treasure it has and will cost us are nothing com- pared with the inestimable blessings which vic- tory will bring. But if this is to be regarded asa war for the mere abolition of slavery, then our soldiers have been and are to be murdered, and otr treasure bas been and will be stolen from us and worse than wasted. Thaddeus Ste- vens, the Chairman of the House Committee of Ways and Means, declares that the war has already cost us two thousand millions of dol- lars. Estimating the number of slaves in the seceded Siates at four millions, we have already spent five hundred dollars for the emanoi- pation of each slave within the rebel lines, and as far as most of the slaves are concerned wo have spent this money in vain, Say that one hundred thousand slaves have thus far been freed by the war, and exch one of them has cost us $20,000 and the life of a Northern white man; for we have lest fully one hundred thousand soldiers in battle and by sickness. If the rebel loss equals ours, and it no doubt exceeds it, every negro freed by this war has been redeemed by the sacrifice of two white men and the expenditure of over $20,00@. Is that to be the standard prico of abolition for the future? if so, then the war is a dreadful failure; for the money alone could have more than emancipated all the Southern slaves, without the spill- ing of a drop of blood. Now, let any man who believes that the war should be conducted to abolish slavery cypher over these figures and study the lesson they teach. Gene- val Wadsworth especially should brush up his arithmetic and consider this subject. “If this war should last two years longer, and end in the emancipation of every slave in the South, each slave, man or woman, young or old, will cost us, North and South, about two thousand dollars. to say nothing of the lives of two or three hundred thousand white men. We could buy up and colonize all the slaves for les4 than that amount per head, and without the loss of life. There- fore, if we ave fighting for the abolition of slavery, as General Wadsworth believes, we had much better stop the war and purchase the negroes, who: ners would be glad enough to sell them at such prices, But we are not fighting for the abolition of slavery. The people will never allow the war to be prosti- tuted to such a vain, silly and injurious object. What we are fighting for is the preservation of the Union and the integrity of the nation. This 1s a@ grand object, for which no sacrifice can be too great, no war too costly. Let procla- mations and manifestoes say what they may, the heart of the people is right, and the will of the people shall. yet make itself known and obeyed. Let, then, all the loyal conservative men of this State and the country rally at the polls at the coming elections, and record by their vetes for Governors and members of Con gress their protest against a war for niggerism, and their devotion to our war for nationality. The Iron-Clad Navies of the World and Navy of the United States. The contest between the great naval Pogvers of the world, as to who shall have the greatest number and most efficient invulnerable mail- clad steamships, has fairly commenced. The action in Hampton Roads between the Monitor and Merrimac destroyed forever all wooden ships, sweeping away hundreds of millions in vessels-of-war, and new navies have now to be constructed. France, England and the United States are entered for the race as to who shall have the first, and have started. France takes the lead, with the United States next. How long this position will be maintain- ed remains te be seen. We hear of the French iron-elad frigate Normandie having avrived in the Gulf of Mexico from France, and that her performances have been satisfactory. A few weeks since we published the account of the first passage between Philadelphia and Hampton Roads of the United States iron-clad frigate New Ironsides. and also of the launching of the iron-clad steamer Passaic. a second Monitor, an improvement on the first. and in future but little time will intervene between the launching of iron-clad ships for the navy of the United States until a number sufficient will be had to win the race by at least a length. On another page will be found a complete list of the present Navy ofthe United 5 also & summary of the Navy of England to the present time, and of Vrance snd other na- tions to April, 1859. «The navy of the Uni States bas aecomplished so mneh since the commeacement of the war that al! eyes are upon it coustantly, expecting every day te hear of come new operation——of @ battery silenced or stormed, a vesse! cut out, oranother Anglo-rebel steawer enptured: and when these littte afimirs do vot vecur, eres capable of eseemg, and minds given to forming opinions, are Warned to the vessels at home and to the operations at our different navy yards, and suggestions for making our glo: navy still more effective ave the natural resalts of such observations. The following recapitulation of the iron-clad vewsels of the United States, England aud France; will show how the attention of the important naval Powers of the world is now on to that class of vessels Tron-clads of the United States Jron-clads of England Tron-clads of France ... . sees . #9 Should war take place between the United States and Great Britain or France, or with both, we should be in a great measure depend- ent Kpen our navy for the dofenee of our sea ports. Hence the neceesity that every vassot hereafter constructed, and every one capable of being made sv, should at once be pul ina condition that would render her invulnerable, d with power to crush an enemy’s ehip when- ever the opportunity offercd of doing ro. The superb steam frigate Franklin, now on the stocks, where ehe has so long beon walting an appropriation by Conguess for her machine- ry, could now with advantage be altered to ‘an iron-clad, and would make one of the most formidable ships in the world. The Wabash, Minnesota and Colorado could and should be - they had better now be put out of com- , their officers and crows transferred to more efficient vessels and the work commenced instanter. The fleet of mail-clad vessels that we could present in a few months would be the most powerful afloat, and would have a ‘most happy effect upon the Powers of Europe, and hat stop any further talk of interven- jon. That it remains for the navy to open the rt of Charleston no one can doubt. Forts Sumter and Moultrie and the batteries on Morris and Sullivan's Islands are des- tined to succumb to that arm of our national defence. Then tet us be ready for it; let our fleet of Monitors and vossels of @ similar nature be large onough to make the passage of the forts comparatively quick and easy. Once ia front of the city, with an invulnerable flect, we shall have no difficulty in torcing a surrender of all the surrounding fortifications, and, from the chivalry of the place, we may look not only for no resistance, but a quiet submission to our ocoupation, accompanied by entreaties, no doubt, to spare their city and not allow it to meet the fate it ao justly deserves. All this can be accomplished before the 1st of Decem- ber, if activity and energy on the part of the Navy Department will give us the fleot neces- sary without delay. The Threatenings of Kurope: Why do not the European Powers who are talking so much about intervention in our af- fairs carry out their threats, now that by a suc- cession of victories we are effectually crushing the demon of secession? Now is their time. Why do they not attempt something practical instead of dealing in vague words? There is nothing the American people ought more to desire at the present moment than that tho Eu- ropean Powers might be brought up to the fighting point and assail us by land and sea. Nothing could so opportuncly happen for the republic. We shall soon be ready for our Eu- ropean enemies, the domestic foe being now in a fair way of being speedily and finally squelched. We will have a millfon.of men in arms, who will want something to do in the military line, and we shall have tfty iron-clad gunboats, which ia very brief time would raise the blockade of the ports of Mexico. It is stated that the Emperor of the French is about to recegnize the independence of the Southern confederacy. We wish he would do soatonce. He would get himself into a worse scrape than he has done by his attempt at the conqrest of Mexico, and his hostile iaterference in our fend would render the cause of the American Union more service than if he be- came our ally. North and South alike are beginning to get tired of the war, and foreign intervention would afford a most favorable opportunity of bringing it to a close. It would be the speediest solution of the national ditficulty. It would reunite.tho people of both sections and cause them to forget their mutual ani mosity. It would tura the military spirit into anew channel, and arouse the patriotism of North and South, East and West, against the common foe. It would speedily bring the whole country to a sense of its folly in wast- ing its strength in a war of mutual destruction, instead of trying conclusions with the Euro- pean conspirators, who are taking advantage of our internal feud to establish monarchical institutions and an inflnence hostile to demo- cratic Mberty and the United States upon this continent. Let them, therefore, only take the step which they menace, and attempt an armed intervention in our quarrel, and coon the Ame- rican people, reunited, will combine their armies to wrest Canada from England, Mexico from France. and Cuba from Spain, and in fact to clear the North American continent and its islands of every vestige of European sway. How much better would this be for the in- terests of the country, and the interests of the human race all over the globe, thun to be expending our blood and treasure in a deadly conflict with each other, to settle an abstraction of no practical importance to any section of the country—a conflict which might have been prevented at first by statesinauship, coneiliation and compromise. and which might be disposed of even now by the same means were some lucky accident, like foreign intervention, to arrest our blind career, and give time for passsion to subside and calm reflection to take its place. The faults on both sides have been grievous. We have been cutting each other's throats for the profit and amusement of the monarchs and aristocracy of Europe. The whole coantry bas been gradually drawn into the strife by a handful of wicked politicians and fanatics ia each section. The sword of rebellion having been drawn and revolt con- summated, there was le!t no option to the go- vernment but to enforce ihe authority of the laws of the Union. That authority would have bern long since restored but for the fanaticism which first kindled the flames of civil war. The strife is unnatural and needless. There is no sane man in either section who believes separation to be fer the interest of any portion of the country. Foreign intervention, there- fore, would be sure to lead the people to con- sider in what an iramaterial, foolish question the conflict had its origin; and they would thus be brought back to the fundamental principles on whol the government resta—principles of mu- tual compromise and forbearance. Reoon- ciliatton would be the consequence. We wish, therefore, now that the rebellion is abont being finally overthrown by the victories of McClellan, that Napoleon at the bead, and England at the tail, would afford us #0 good a obance of heating the wounds of intestine strife, and becoming one again in heapt and soul. Bat the despots of Europe end the naval and commercial rivals of the United States seem to understand this, and hence they will not at tempt intervention or anything to reunite the warring sections of the American republic, in the expectation that the mutual exhaustion of a protracted struggle may bring the solution of a final separation and the establishment of two independent confederations. Tan New Tax Laws.—In every day's paper the publio will find advertisements of assessore under the new tax Jaws, explanations of how this tax or that tax is to be applied and collected, and all sorts of information sbout the operations of this system of internal revenue, which is as mw to us a8 it is familiar to most Europeans. All such paragraphs should be carefully read, and, if possible, preserved by the people, so that they may be able to aot understandingly in the matter, and to assist rather than embarrass the tax officers. Of course our system of taxation will not work very smoothly ot first; but if every one to proceed honestly and the will try fog qn9 fogelan ote- b bogasably, and wy) remember for what the tax is paid, and how imperative a duty it is to pay it, there will be but little trouble and confusion, and everything will go on comfortably im the course of two or three months. Stay-athome citizens gan now do something for their coun- try ; for it is no less an act of patriotism to pay this tax than to shoulder a musket and goto the wars. Tue Iyreicues oF THE GoveRNoRS.—A para- graph from the Washington Siar, which we published yesterday, shows that the Governors have been at the bottom of whatever misun- derstanding has existed between General Sigel and Genera! Halleck and the War Department. Their proposition for a reserve force of 100,000 men is only another mode of getting at the 60,000 men to be commanded by Fremont, and 60,000 by Mitchel, whieh the self-styled “National War Committee” demanded to have the power of raising. When wo consider that these Governors have kept back reinforcements to tho serious peril of the national army, their Proposition to be entrusted with a force-of 100,000 men is certainly very suspicious, to say the least of it; and we trust that the government will not yield its aasent to auy éuch dangerous demand. The designs of those men are evidently revolutionary. NEWS FROM WASHINGTON. WAR GAZETTR, OFFICIAL. Thanks tothe Army of the Potemac for the Victories in Maryla: LETTER FROM GEN. HALLECK TO GEN. M’OLELLAN. Wasmxcton, 1. C., Sept. 80, 1963. Major Genoral McC:.s1i.ax, commanding, &6,:— Gxxunat—Your report of yesterday, giving the resulta of the battics of South Mountain and Antictam,has been received and submitted te the Presidont. They were not only hard fought battles, but well earned and decided victories. The valor and endurance of your army in the seve- ral conflicts which tormated in the expulsion of the enemy-from the loyal State of Maryland, aré creditable alike to the troops and to the officers who commanded thom. A grateful country, while mourning the lamonted dead, will uot be unmindful of the honors due to the living. H: W. HALLECK, General-in-Chtef. The Transfer of the Western G Fleet to the Navy Department. GENERAL ORDERS—NO. 150. War Departuest, Apsutant Generan’s Orsion, Wasu:naros, Oct. 2, 1862. The following order is pub!ished for the information of all eoncemed. Wan Derartaest, Wasurnaiox Cry, D.C., Oct. 1, 1862. Undor the act of Congres? cf the 16th of July, 1862, the Western gunboat ficet’ is this day transferred from the: War to the Nayy Department The officers in charge will transfer to the offcors of the wavy authorized to re them, the vessels, maval stores, supplies and property of all kinds pertaining te the fleet. The suai receipia wili be takeu in triplicate for all property transferred. Tho Chief Quartermaster, Captain G. D. Wise, of the guubont fleet, will gettle np all indebtedness of the fleet to the Ist of Octobor, make the usual returns, and will clore his accounts and report by letter to the Qnacler- master General In thos transferring this fleet, organized aud built under the direction of the War Department to the Navy Depart. ment, the Secretary of War desires to express to the oftiers both of the army and navy, and to the civilians temporarily employcd upon this dangerous service of the gunboat fleet, his high sonse of tho valor, skill nud pa- triotizm with which the operations of this floot have beem conducted. The briliiant and important services of the gunboats at Fort Henry, Fort Donel: son, Columbus, Island No. 10, Pittsburg Landing, Vicksburg, Natchez, Baton Rouge and generally im independent action or in co-operation with the army om the Western rivers, will constitute some of tho brightes® pages in the history of the war for the preservation of the integrity of the country und the snppression of a cause" Jess and wicked rebellion. They have the thanks, 80 deserved, of this government and of the people of the United States. By order of the SECRETARY OF WAR. L. Tuomas, Adjutant General. GENERAL NEWS. Wasmmatoy, Oct. 4, 1862. GENERAL M'DOWELL’S ADVANCE ON RICHMOND. It seems by recent reports from military quarters, thas General McDowell had at one time actually put bis troops within half a day's march of those of General McClellam at Hanover Court House, Virginia, when his movement was suddenly arrested by a courier, who was no mere nor Jese thon a Cabinet officer. THE PHES'VENT'S VISIT TO GENERAL M’CLELLAN, Our correspondent at Vrederick was mistaken ag to the statement that Mr. Chase accompanied the President im his recent visit to Genera) McClellan. Mr. Chase has nos left the city, but has been to-day veo mueh indisposed to attend at the department. TROUBLE ABOUT SLAVES ON THE EASTERN SHORE. Numerous letters are received from the easter shore of Virginia, stating that General Lockwood ts doing a big Dusincee in liberating the slaves of disloyal people. RECONNOISSANCE TO LERSBURG. A reconnoisrance from Contreville yesterday to Lees- bury discovered (wo thousend rebel cavalry in ocovpation of that place. INVESTIGATION OF THE HARPER'S FERRY AFPAIR. The military commission of which Gen, Hunter is Pre- fidevt is understood to be Investigating all the circum- stances atiending the eurreader of Harper's Ferry, ana bas summoned a large number of witcesres im the case. REVIEW OF GENERAL BICKLES’ DIVISION. ‘The division at preseut commanded by General Sickles, formerly General Hooker's, and now a part of the corps of Genersi Hoivtzetman , wae reviewed by General Heint- zeiman on Thuredsy. It was # brilliant affwir, and elicit- ed from the Major Genera! entboriastic encomiums, Al ready the recruits have the bearing of veterans, and the old batéle-torp flags of the division—not one of them baying been kort—made a marked impression upon the crowd. The sellers seemed a8 proud of them as theugh they bad been thrice blessed by all tho raints. All the jofantry, cavalry, artillery and traing were included in the review, end the diviesoa was pronounced in complete fighting trivs, aud ready to be marched from the parade ground inte battle. General Hoeintzeimam was received with the salute and military benors due to & Major General. THR ARMY. Major A. Schwartz, of the Second Tineis Light artilie- Ty, is discharged from the sorvice of the United States, to enable bim to accept the appointment of Chief of Artilles ry to Gen. Sige!'s corps darme. OFFICERS ORDERED UNDER ARREST. About fifty eMcere were caught at the theatres lass reorient rs. Losec eae to report theme _ welvos under arres' ‘THB REMAINS OF COLONRL ROBERICK MATHESON. ‘The body of Colonel Matheson, of the First California (Thirty second New York) regiment, was brougat here and embalmed to-day by Doctors Brown and Alexander. Colonel Matheson was wounded while leading his regt- ment in the memorable battie of South Mountain, on the 14th ult, It was found impossible to shell the rebels ous of Crampton Gap, and General Slocum determined, afte” consultation with bis brigadior gonernis, to take by as #ault with Infantry the mountain which commanded tne gap. It was one of the mont brilliant Affairs of tho war, ‘The divivion charged up the steep mountain side, on which the,rebols were posted behind three etone walla, witb batteries placed on the orest of the mountain. The division, composed of Bartlett’s, Newton’s and ‘Torbott’s Dmgades, advanced in line steadfy up the pill wider o terrible fire, forming upon their colore aftes passing the barriers successively, and drove the rebeis from the position. A rebel major, whe was wounded and takon prisoner, said they bad béen told that thé Union troops to come against them were groen; but when they now their stoady advaneo, in which they moved as if on dress parade, the word ran through the rebol lines “These are no recruite—these are from that danmed eld Army of the Potomac.” In thin chargo Colonel Matheson was wounded, while in front of his regiment calling them on, A bail Incerated the arterion of his right log and fractured the Lone. He died of secondary hemorrhage. ‘The Gelifornians ip this eity met to-day ot the resi kn