The New York Herald Newspaper, August 11, 1862, Page 4

C3 NEW YORK HERALD. i JAMES GORDON BENSETT, ‘ EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICEN. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS, sent dy mail will be at the oulle curvent in New Yor's cash in adeance. Money eldhal te ander, "Nonabet Bane TUE DAILY HERALD, to centeper copy. $7. ner annum. WEEKLY HERALD, coery Saturchiy, 48 st conte eopy, oF $3,per annuin the itcan seery We ines tay, Be nix conte por copy, $4.per anmien to ny four’ of («rots Aerseain, or $6 12 to any prt of the Jontiment, "> 'o svclude pracage; Che Guinfornia Bdléhon om che bit, LIGA tand 2151 0/ each month, ab oi emus fo cony, 0 $2 TD per ance fi iB rAniL HEKALD, on Wedneslay, at four cents ner ‘oF $2 ver anni VoLUNTARY CURRESPONDENCE, containing {yrportant men slice from wy -wartes of the worl: 1 uae. ‘ill be ‘erally patd for. a@rOun Powziax PONDENTS ARB ARPICULARLY RxQuastep 70 BEAL ALi LeTrEms anv Pack- (AGR8 SENT Us NO NOTICE taken of anonymous correepondence, We donot drommuntou ‘enmwed every day: advertisements in- RALD, Fanny Hinesta, and in the return ADVERYISPMEN’ California and Ruropean . JOB PRINTING executed with meatness, heapness und dew erted én the Wreeey NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Da. Dinworta—Maaie Tauuret—Firme Taareze WALLACK’S THEATKE. Ne. 844 Broadway.—Onancx -09s0Ns—E B nay O'ConsoR. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Scacr Hunters weLivm anv ADVENTURES OF JA0K SunrranD. BOWERY SHEATRE, Bowery. aT —GLANCR AF —MACARTHY, OB THE Pause o’ D. Naw Yo. E GARDEN, Fourteenth street and 4, BALLET, |'ROMKNADE CONCERT AND JQUESTRIANISM. BAKNUM'’S AMERICAN MUSEUM. -Broadway.—Gen. You imome—Cox. Nutr—Leamxxp Seat. Hartt FAMtLy, de.. ai an hours. Map or Muxsted, aiternooa and CHEISTY'S OPERA HOUSE, 585 Broad wa7.—Ermrorian Bowas, Dances, &c.—Dovste Reppxp ikoox. \TOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, 514 Broadway.—Ermort. Bovas, Dances, &0.—Usion Anny. ie ee HITCHCOOK’S THEATRE AND MUSTO HALL, Canal Btreet—Soxus, Dances, Bratusaues, £¢. GAIETIES CONCERT HALL, 616 Brosdway.=Daawina « EXTSRTAINMED TS. PARISiAN CABINET OF WONDERS, 563 Broadway. Open daily from 10 A, M. til 10 P.M. New York, Monday, August LI, 1862. THE SITUATION. Ramors were rife in Washington yesterday—and were the source of considerable excitement—that & battle was progressing between Culpepper Court House and the Rapidan river. It having been known that General Jackson had crossed the Rapi- dan river to check Generals Sigel and Banks, the anxiety was al! the greater. Heavy skirmishing took place on the afternoon of Saturday. It turns out thata serious action oc- curred. The forces of Generals Bauks, Pope and McDowell were engaged with the rebels, under Btonewall Jackson, near Cedar Mountain. The Gight continued for several liours, and the loss on each side was said to amount ‘v nearly 3,000 killed, wounded and missing. Again we have intelligence of the destruction of the rebel ram Arkansas. This time the news comes ‘rom rebel sources exclusively. Tue Petersburg Va. xpress of Friday says, that a des- oatch from General Van Dorn to Mr. Mal ory, the rebel Sccretary of the Navy, states that the ram Arkansas, Lieutenant Ste- phens commanding, had been destroyed. The substance of the despatch is that she left Vicks- furg on Monday to co-operate in the attack on Baton Rouge. After passing Bayou Sara her machinery became disabled, and while attempting to adjust it several of the enemy’s gunboats at- tacked her. After a gallant resistance she was ®@bandoned and blown up. Her officers and men reached the shore in safety. A despatch from Brigadier General Schofield to General Halleck, dated at St. Louis on the 10th instant, states that Colonel McNeill, with one thousand men, had beaten Porter's forces—two thousand five hundred strong--at Kirksville, on the 7th, and again near Stockton on the 9th instant. Porter’s forces were said to be terribly demoralized. Our correspondence from New Orleans, Key West and the Gulf to-day contains a good deal of Interesting news, to which we direct the attention of our readers. Tu the details of the news from Europe by the Scotia, which we publish elsewhere, are some interesting points relative to the American ques- tion. Among others is the announcement that forty merchants and shipowners of Liverpool memorial- ized Earl Russell relative to the alleged violationof international law by the federal cruisers in the Bahawna waters, and that Lord Russell replied: through Mr. Layard, justitying the proceedings of the cruisers, owing to the practice of sending ves- sels to the Bahamas for the purpose of running the blockade. He recommended strict attention to the Queen's neutrality proclamation, which pro- hibits British subjects aiding either side in our present siruggle. It is aaserted by the Independance Belge that France, Russia and England are negotiating. The two former have made propositions to England, but had received no final reply. Another rumor is that England has sent @ special envoy to Washing- ton to urge President Lincoln to take the initiative towards peace if he wishes to avoid offers of me- diation, Itis hardly necessary to say that these rumors have no soli¢ foundation. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS, The telegraphic details of the European news by the Scotia, dated to the 3d of August, are pub- ished in the Henatp this morning. Our summary, given on Sunday contained the points of the finan- cial and commercial intelligence. She Liverpool cotton market was reported by the Jura, On the 2d instant the qnotations were unchanged. Breadstulls were firm and steady. Consols closed in London on the 2d instant at 93% a 93% for money. We have advices from Buenos Ayres to the 14th of June; but they are of no importance. The chief article brought into the country from the United States ix lumber. Of this 440,000 feet have arrived ‘ately, and the prices are well maintained. The aeua! rate is for good pine, $40 Spanish, on board, sud sprace pine, $36 50a $37. Dry hides have been sold for 43% rials, silver, for United States. There is little exchange of wool, and priees remain *bout os usual. The whole country is at peace, wnd there is very little danger of its being dis- turbed for some time to come, & The United States gunboat Connecticut, from New Orleans 30th ult., arrived at this port yester- day, bringing the mails from that city and papers, piso the mails and despatches from the coast block. pding ficet. The steamer Cores, Captain Mitchell, in the employ of the federal government, arrived bt New Orleans on the 29th from Vicksburg, hav- ing left the fleet near that city. On the 22d ult. the was sent to a puint twelve miles below Vicks- burg with four hundred ncgroes lately in the em- ploy of the government, After landing them, and hile returning to Viekebura, oho was fired upon | by a rebel shore batiery of three guns, Thirty | shots were fired im quick succession, eight of them passing through the boat. One charge of grape Jodged im the hull, one six pound shot went | through the hull, six inches below the water line; | one shot passed through the cabin, killing Captain | Brooks, of the Seventh Vermont regiment, who Was in command of the guard on board. Several vessels of Admiral Farragut’s fleet had recently arrived at New Orleans trom Vicksburg. A heavy thunder and rain storm paased over New Orleans on the 28th ult. All the principal streets, especially in the rear of the city, were flooded, and the lightning struck in several places, doing some damage. A solemn high mass was to have been celebrated at the Jesuits’ church in New Orleans on the 2d inst., to implore the Almighty for the restoration of peace and the termination of the ca- lamities which now desolate the country. The health of New Orleans continues remarkably good. ‘The sanitary measures adopted by General Butler were working successfully, Nota single cése of yellow fever had been reported in New Orleans up to the 30th ult. From the 26th to the 30th ult. there arrived in New Orleans, from the interior of Louisiana, 4,220 hogsheads of sugar and 361 bales of cotton. The draft order, which has proved such a horri- ble bugbear to so many of our weak-kneed and secesh citizens, is not such a horrid spectre after all. The first call will unquestionably be filled up with voluateers, and the last, of which the pro- portion of New York State will be about fifty-two thousand, will be partially made up by volun- teer regiments from the uniformed militia. An effort is now being made, which in a measure will no doubt prove successful, to continue in the field our three months militia, of which we have ten regiments, and we see that a number of regiments in the State that have not yet been called ont have signified their willingness to form a part of the last quota. There are enough of this class to fill one half of the necessary number. Our advice to our weak brethren, therefore, is not to get pre- maturely frightened. A letter from the War Department says:— “ Whatever volunteer force above its ratable pro- portion shall be offered by a State any time before a draft is actually made will be accepted by the Department and credited upon the draft as a proportionable reduction.’’ Go on with the en- listing. The stores in Boston will be closed on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Sa- turday of this week at two-o’clock P.M., to give the proprietors and employes a chance to aid in enlisting. The city bells will be rung each day at the hour of closing. Men are enlisting in Massachusetts at the rate of one thousand per day. The Empire City Regatta Club have postponed their eighth annual regatta for one year, “‘ or dur- ing the war.” The Rev. Mr. Garnett of the colored church in Prince street, delivered a sermon to his congrega- tion last evening in reference to the recent difficul- ties between the colored and white laborers in Brooklyn and other places, which he attributed to a deep-rooted hatred to the negro, and not toa crime or wrong perpetrated by him. He advised his hearers to bear every persecution patiently, but to act with firmness and manhood whenever necessity demanded them to do so, A collision occurred on the East river yesterday morning between the Sound steamer City of New York, from Boston, and the Williamsburg ferryboat Nebraska, by which the latter was nearly cut in two, and ina short time she sank. There were but few passengers on board the Nebraska at the time of the collision, and for- tunately no lives were lost. The stock market on Saturday was better on govern- ments and steady, with ratber dull tendency at the close on railway shares. Exchange was quoted 124% a 125; gold 112%. Money 4 per cent. The usual trace tables for the week will be found in the money article. ‘The cotton market on Saturday was firm, but not active. The sales embraced about 600 bales, closing stiff on the basis of 4734c. a 48c. for middling uplands. Floar was dull and heavy, and closed at a decline of 6¢. a 10c. por bbi., and for some grades the failing off was reported at as much ag 15c., while sales were moderate. Wheat was hoy, and declined from 1c. to 2c. per bushel, while sales wore less active. Corn was heavy, and declined about Ic. a 1i¢. per bushel, closing at 563¢c. a 8Tc. for good to prime shipping lots of Western mixed. Pork was firmer, especially prime, and in good demand, with sales of mess at $11 3734 a $11 50, and good prime at $9 873 a $10. Sugars were steady, with sales of about 500 a 600 bdds., including 300 New Orleans, common to fair quality, with the range of 8c.a%c. ‘The remainder consisted of Cubas at unchanged prices. Cuflee was quiet and sales Mmited, while prices were unaltered. Freights wore heavy for grain, and engagements moderate, while flour was steady aud rates were unchanged. A Vigorous War—The New “Orders” and Their Good ReSults. Saturday, the 9th day of August, 1862, will be transmitted to the next generation as one of the most memorable and remarkable days in the annals of Manhattan Island—remarkable as the hotiest day of this summer, and memorable on account of the successful enforcement of the late order from the War Office against runaways from the chances of being drafted into the mili- tary service of the United States. The morning opened with all the signs of an extraordinary sensation along the wharves of the steamships firing up for Europe, and before the close of the day the city, under Provost Marshal Kennedy, was invested with all the required reservations of martial law. It was oply on Friday last that the order was promulgated from Washington interdicting any citizen liable to the draft from an excursion, on business or pleasure, to any foreign country, until otherwise ordered; and to the numerous individuals directly concerned, from Chicago down the great lakes to Oswego, and from New York to Baltimore, it was a matter of extreme astonishment to find this peremptory stay-at- home edict in full and effective operation on Saturday. It appears, however, that the bulk of the men upon our docks who were thus turned back from an expected trip to Europe were unnaturalized Europeans, ignorant of their ex- emption uader our military laws, but who, against any possible contingencies of a draft, were anxious to be on the safe side of the water, But, from the popular manifestations of the day, weare assured that the masses of our adopted fellow citizens are ashamed of these uaworthy “skedaddlers,” and have yo disposition to shrink from the shouldering of a musket if called upon to do soin behalf of the country which has given them homes, protection, happiuess and prosperity. The general and spontaneous verdict of our loyal people regarding this order ayuinst would-be fugitives from the country at this eri- sis is that of unqualified approbation. The equal operation of the draft among all classes subject to military duty is thus substantially secured; for the man of means liable to military duty, who might otherwise run off to Canada or to Europe to escape this duty to the country which has enriched him, is compelled to remain and face the music with him whose only re- sources are the earnings of his daily labor. The penalty, if captured, of immediate ship- ment to the nearest military post for active ser- vice, with the degrading flues attached, will doubtless serve its purpose in reducing to an exceptional case here and there the number of runaways towards Canada, while the simple precaution of a passport makes all safe with ro- NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST II, 1862. i ee gard to our coean steamers. We are engaged | The Capture of the Ladona and OXMer | first called the ‘attenjion of Earl Russell te the Anglo-Rebel Steamers—Important Ee | number of vessels fitting out in England with in a tremendous war, upon which depends the life or death of the nation. Everything is at stake—the Union, government, law and order, life and property—and in such a struggle every intelligent man must feel, or ought to know, that he rises or falls, is saved or lost, with the government. Hence the universal acquiescence in this interdict against the departure from the country at this orisis of any man liable to a military draft. The order in reference to the three hundred thousand additional volunteers called for since the late battles in front of Richmond, and the more recent order for a draft upon the militia to the extent of another body of three hundred thousand men, are working admirably. Under the limitation fixed for volunteering, the first of these calls, we may say,is already provided for in a body of three hundred thousand volun- teers, equal to the best regiments heretofore sent to the field. Thus, within the limits of week or so, with the encouragement of liberal bounties on the one side and of an impending draft on the other, we have secured this largo body of volunteers, while the late badly man- aged, dilatory and discouraging system would not have given us three hundred thousand fresh troops till November or December next. As it is, under these new orders and regula- tions from the War Office, by direction of the President and under the advice of Gen. Halleck, we feel already that the rebellion is surely within our grasp, and that the government may give # little more time to the filling up of the requisition for the three hundred thousand men by draft. Before the expiration of the present week thousands of our new volunteers from the East and West will be on the march, armed and equipped, for the seat of war. We are confi- dent at length that if the rebel forces in Virgi- nia, to the extent of two hundred thousand men, were to move forward this day for Wasb- ington, they would be met on the road bya Union army strong enough to put them to flight, without calling upon General McClellan. Tho solid advantages, therefore, whiclt we have gained under this new, comprehensive and vigorous war programme of President Lincoln, can hardly be exaggerated. We regard them as insuring the safety of W~-hington against all possible contingencies, and the suppression of this Southern rebellion without the necessity for @ single negro brigade. The Fourth of July—the day which we had hoped would -be signalized by the celebration of the fall of Richmond—was the darkest day of the war; but in the results and the teachings of those sanguinary battles on the Chickabominy, in arousing our government, our loyal States and people tothe full measure of the rebellion, we have gained at last the road to certain success. Our abolition disorganizers may continue to shriek and howl over the failure of their schemes for a crusade of extermination against Southern slavery, and our Northern democratic secessionists of the old hidebound. Albany Re- gency faction may continue to mutter their treasen in the dark; but in these recent orders from Washington a successful war for “the in- tegrity of the Union” is amply provided for, and we have only to follow them up to achieve, before the end of the summer, a great, glorious and crowning victory. Hewr vor Tae Army—Tue Japanese Fonp anp Tae Inisu Funp.—Money is very much needed just at this time to furnish the new re- giments about to be raised, and it is being con- tributed pretty freely from different private sources. We see that the Police Commissioners have put a levy upon the members of that force to fit out the Metropolitan Police Guard. Cap- tains are to be taxed $20, sergeants $15, pa- trolmen $10, and doormen $5 each. It may be fair enough to call upon the police force for contributions in aid of the war, as well as other citizens; but we would suggest to the Board of Police Commissioners that there is a fund at their disposal, of a pretty heavy figure, which might be appropriately used for this purpose. We allude to the sum donated by the Japanese Embassy to the police force some two years ago. It must amount now; with the accumulat- ing interest, to about twenty or twenty-five thou- sand dollars, and we have no doubt, indeed we are informed, that every member of the force would gladly assign his portion of the fund as a contribution to the war. The Police Com- missioners should not overlook this suggestion. Having declined to give it to the police offi- cers, from prudential motives, they have now an opportunity to appropriate it to this patri- otic and excellent purpose. There is another fund also which might very properly be disposed of in the same way, namely, the money raised in 1848 for the Irish insurrection. It must amount to a considerable sum by this time, and it could not be better used than in filling up the ranks of Meagher’s gallant brigade, now thinned off by death on the battle field and sickness in the hospital, Jerr. Davis oy Civitizko Warvane.—The im- pudence of the rebel leaders knows no limit. Witness the recent order of the Confederate War Department, and the accompanying letter of Jeff. Davis complaining of the action of Gene- ral Pope in using the property of disloyal citi- zens in Virginia. My. Davis speaks of the “sa- vage cruelty” of our soldiers, talks about “out- rages upon common humanity,” and violation of the rules of “ civilized warfare,” conyeni- ently forgetful of the fact that the rebel govera- ment has outraged all the rules of war by re- cognizing, encouraging and employing gueril- las, as they are pleased to call them, but in reality mere banditti and vagrant cutthroats who prey upon foes and friends. The greatest generals of modern times have rejected the ser- vices of this class of troops. Napoleon and Wellington alike repressed them in Spain dur- ing the Peninsular war. It remained for the government of the “confederacy” to apply usages not recognized by civilized nations; and yet Mr. Davis has the impudence to rebuke our generals because they treat avowed traitors and spies—“farmers by day and soldiers by night”— with the stringency which they deserve. The conduct of Albert Pike's savages in the West, who scalped the wounded soldiers of the Union army, and the coldblooded murder of General McCook by the guerillas—the foulest deed that ever stained the annals of auy war outside the realms of the King of Dahomey— remain upon record to attest which army has been governed by the dictates of humanity and the usages of civilized warfare. Impartial his- tory will do justice to the armies engaged in this struggle upon that question; but, moan- time, we denounce the balder@ash of Jeff. Davis about humanity and the honotable usages of war 0s faleo 9gd Jopadent olaration of Eurl Russell. We have the news of the capture of another English-Confederate steamer. By the arrival of the United States steamer Connecticut yes- terday from the Gulf, via Port Royal, we have informatién of the capture of the English steamer Ladona, of Hull, while attempting to force the blockade at Ossabaw Sound. She at first attempted to pass Fort Pulaski and run into Savannah; but the guns of that work quickly drove her to sea, and her second attempt at another port proved more fatal than the first; for she fell into the arms of one of our cruisers, and was, when the Connecticut left, safely at anchor in the harbor of Port Royal. The capture of English and Confederate steamers has of late given our blockading ves- sels and cruisers active employment; and, from the number that have been seized and sent into our ports for adjudication, we are of the opinion that parties engaged in the speoulation of supplying “ Dixie” with arms, munitions of war andother supplies will find the game @ losing one. The value of the steamers and their cargoes that have been captured is enormous, but can- not be properly estimated until they are sold. The Memphis, for instance, will bring double ‘wow what she would had she beon captured three months since, on account of the rise in cotton, and the probabilities are that before she is condemned and sold the vessel and cargo will realize = larger amount than even the present estimate. In calculating the value of a prize and her cargo to the government and the captors every allowance must be made for the expenses at- tending the condemnation and sale. These are at all times enormous, no matter how plain the case may be, and we’ know some instances where the costs and charges have consumed the greater part of the proceeds of sale. Delay in the condemnation and sale of a prize and its cargo is sometimes, but very seldom, of advan- tage to the captors. In the case of the schooner Lizzie Weston, captured by the United States gunboat Itasca, with three hundred bales of cotton on board, we have an instance of this kind. She was sent to Key West, and the cargo shipped North to this port, On its arrival here cotton was selling for twenty-four or twenty- five cents per pound ; yet, by delaying the con- demnation and sale, it realized, instead of twen- ty-four, nearly forty-eight cents per pound, doubling its value in a very short time. The following isa list of steamers—English and Confederate—that have thus far been cap- tured by our cruisers, and the probabilities are the list will swell rapidly, unless our friends in England, the Bahamas and Cuba find they are furnishing us at an extremely low figure a mi- niature navy, with the arms, munitions of war and provisions to supply it, and the where- withal to clothe the officers and crews. As other steamers are daily arriving at Nassau, we may naturay look for more captures. We have no objection, and can only say, “ Keep sendin’ ’em”:— wader and arms} Engi'h. --|Bebel. ‘REMARKS. ‘The Calhoun was “whitewashed” in Havana. The Magnolia ran the blockade at the Passes of the Mississippi river. ‘The Florida was ‘‘whitewashed”’ in Havana, ‘The Circassian was from Bordeaux, the Aun from Lon- don, the Adela from Engiand, the Swann from Mobile, the Reliance from Doboy Sound, and the Bermuda from Mitte Bia Warley and Nassau wore “whitewashed” in asa. N y ‘The Stettin and Cambria were from Nassan, tho Mem- phis from Charleston, the Tubal Cain from Nassau, and the Ladona from England. ‘The Planter was delivered up by the crew. ‘The term ‘ whitewashed” means a bogus transfer from rebel to English colons. ‘The steamer Vanderbilt (rebel) was lost atseaon the from Havana to New Orleans, and tho Cecile was Wrecked on Absao. The value of these steamers and cargoes is estimated to be from five to eight millions of dollars. The existing law respecting the divi- sion of this immense sum of prize meney fs as follows:— Where the prize is of superior or equal force to the vessel making the capture, the entire proceeds belong to the captors, less the ex- penses attending the condemnation and sale; but if the prize is less in- force, then half the proceeds go to the government and the other half to the officers and crew of the vessel mak- ing the capture, and in the following manner:— One-twentieth of one-half to the commander of the squadron to which the vessel making the capture is attached. Two-twentieths of one-half to the commander of the vessel making the capture. Two-twentieths of one-half to lieutenants, captains of marines and sailing masters. Three-twentieths of one-half to chaplains, lieutenants of marines, surgeons, pursers, gun- ners, boatewains, carpenters and masters’ mates. Three-twentieths of one-half to midshipmen, surgeons’ mates, captains’ clerks, schoolmasters, boatswains’ mates, gunners’ mates, carpenters’ mates, ships’ stewards, sailmakers, masters-at- aris, armorers, coxswains and coopers. Two-twentieths of one-half to gunners and boatswains, yeomen, quartermasters, quarter- gunners, sailmakers’ mates, sergeants and corpo- rals of marines, drummess; fifers and. extra petty officers. Seven-twentieths of one-half to seamen, ordi- nary seamen, marines, landsmen and boys. Should the vessel making the capture be un- attached to any squadron, or be on her way to join a squadron and not yet reported to its commander, then the first three-twentieths are the property of the commander of the vessel, and no commander of a squadron is entitled to ashare In the prize. In the case of the capture of the Lizzie Weston by the Itasca, and of the Memplis by the Magnolia, both of these vessels were on their way to join a squadron, but bad not yet reported; consequently their command- crs are entitled to three-twentieths of one-half the net proceeds of the sale of vessels and car- goes, The news from Europe by the Scotia, pub- lished in another cohumn, has an important bearing upon the subject of the capture of British vessels which we know are intended to run the blockade. Whoa our Minister ta Eggland, Mr. Adams, arms and munitions of war for the South, bis reply was, “Why do your cruisers not catch them?” We hear now that Earl Russell, in reply to a memorial respecting the operations of our men-of-war near the Bahamas, justifies them, and calls the attention of British subjects again to ber Majesty’s proclamation respecting Strict neutrality. This news is most important and gratifying. It leads us to believe that, without the govern- ment to back them up, the men in England whe have been shipping all manner of goods contra- band of war, under the protection of ‘the English flag, will see the folly of attempting farther shipments. Should they choose to con- tinue it, however, and run the risk, why the fault will be their owa, and their losses wlil be heavy; for our vessels-of-war, under Earl Rus- sell’s answer, will seize them whenever and wherever they may be found, no matter how much fault the people of Nassau may find at their doing so. Is General MeOlellam a Soldier? The public are well aware that we have, at all times, expressed in the oolumns of the Hxnatp the greatest confidence in the skill, energy and ability of General McClellan, and that at no time have we wavered or doubted his capacity as a military leader. Notwithstand- ing the labored assault upon him by the radi- cal Senator from Michigan and the revilings of the organs of the “infernal republicans,” we to-day entertain a higher opinion of his qualities a3 @ general than at any other period during the war. The facts and data upon which we base our confidence are not the mere hearsay statements or the ipse divit of this or that man, but the result of a careful analysis of the cir- cumstances and events in the peninsula cam- paign, which our position as public journalist has enabled us to obtain. We have heard, read and carefully examined the statements of both sides, and fully believe that when the history of this war is candidly and impassionately written it will be shown that to General McClellan are we indebted for the salvation of the country. The brilliant career of the young McClellan in the Mexican war, where he won his captaincy by skill and bravery on the battle field, has long formed a portion of the history of the country, and is well known to all, especiaMy those writers who are now assailing him and endeavoring to prove that he is no soldier. It was there that he won the confidence of the veteran Scott, who, to this day, looks upon him as one of the first military men of the age. But his exploits in that war are not all that he has done to inspire public confidence. Elsewhere will be found a review of his‘short and brilliant campaign in Western Virginia, with all his proclamations, plans of the campaign, military orders, Napoleonic des” patches and incidents connected with it, which we commend to the special attention of his ac- cusers. Through the instrumentality of General Scott everything connected with the campaign in Western Virginia was placed entirely under the charge of General MoClellan. There was no red tape or political jugglery to interpose to break up his plans or divert his attention from the work to be done. Left entirely to himself, he organized his forces in a comparatively brief period, adopted a comprehensive plan, and marched into Western Virginia. The celerity of his movements inspired the public, and was universally commended, resulting in driving the rebel forces out of that portion of the State, and liberating Western Virginia in a short but brilliant campaign. It also proves that when left to himself, free from the intrigues of the politicians, and not cabined, cribbed and hampered by the Jacobins, Congressional med- dlers and officious Marplots, he carries into his operations all the activity and dash of Napo- leon. He arrived at Grafton on the 23a of June, and in less than one month aceomplished his object, and issued a congratulatory address to his soldiers. The first campaign of the rebellion was thus brought to a decisive and satisfactory conclu- sion, furnishing a striking contrast with the blunders and miserable failuroson the lower Potomac, where the political generals were try- ing to control military affairs. At this juncture our forces at Washington, poorly drilled and ‘ worse officered, were, through the pressure of the “Onward to Richmond” fanatics, forced upon the well organized forces of the rebels, result- ing in the Bull run rout. The successes in Western Virginia had illy prepared the public mind for this terrible disaster. The masses were, therefore, appalled at the spectacle presented, Dismayed, but not disheartened, they looked around for a military leader, young and active, to reorganize our forces and lead them to victory. All eyes were centered upon McClellan as the man of the hour, and with the advice of Gene- ral Scott the President summoned him, by tele- graph, to Washington to take command of the disorganized forces at the national capital. On his arrival there he found nothing but chaos and confusion; the capital threatened and at the mercy of a victorious enemy. The ad- ministration and the public hourly expecting an attack, he was called upon, not only to reorganize the helpless mob into an army to protect the capital, but to retrieve our disas- ves. To this task he applied himself, and for weeks he spent long days of hard and active work and sleepless nights in the accomplish- ment of this object. He found arms, ammani- tion and equipments lacking, and regiments and companies pouring in from the populous North without the necessary equipments to de- fend themselves. Yet out of all this he, in a comparatively short period, prepared one of the finest armies known in the history of the world. Even his accusers are compelled to ad- mit this fact, and give to him the credit of hav- ing no superior ia the world as an organizer of an army. When Congress adjourned, after the Bull run rout, Washington was at the mercy of the rebel army, and could have been easily captured; but when it again met in Decomber all danger had been removed by the skill, energy and discipline of the youug commander. But, un- fortunately, with the assombling of Congress commenced the intrigues and disorganizing work of the fanatical politicians. Public confi- dence had been restored, and the “Onward to Richmond” conspirators had reoov- ered from the fear of the wrath of the people for their former misdeeds, Our youthful commander was no longer permitted to direct his entire energies to pre- paring bis army for the contest; but while per- fecting and disciplining his forces he was obliged at every step to fortify himself against his assailants. In this way he spent most of the winter montha, Although for long time proatrated by disease, bn ought oa by overwork in the cause of his country, be Was not allowed any peave by the disorganiz."# but advantage was takon of this misfortune te’ embarrass bi® operations in every poesible manne: At longth be ordered the «uy in the West to maVe under his well prepared plan, resulting in Yictory atter victory. This was soon followed by the evaciwtion of Manasees and tae transfer of a portion of the army of the Potomac to the pe- ninsuia, with directions that other divisions should follow at the appointed time, leaving enough behind to protect Washington in any emergency. He had commenced operations ia his new field, his guns had opened wpon the enemy, and he was hourly looking for the ar- rival of MeDoweil’s corps to carry out the plan marked out before he left Washington; but, instead of their arrival, a telegram from Washington ‘announced that that corps upon which the success of his plans depended had been taken out of his command and anew deparinent created. The result is known. In no one instance has Gen. McClellan under- estimated the rebel forces or their desperate na- ture; but all along lie has contended that we had a determined and desperate foe to contend with. Some time before hostilities commenced, and when the rebellion was in its incipient stages, 4 prominent and influential gentleman waited upon him in Cincinnati and asked him what he thought of the resources of the North, and how the rebellion could be put duwn in the event of acivil war? In reply to this McClellan took from his secretary @ number of diagrams and maps and pointed out the strategical points, and, after stating the ability of the officers which the South would huve to lead their forces, he gave the military movements and the force that would be necessary for a short and conclusive campaign. Subsequent events have shown that even at that early day he fully comprehended the magnitude of the rebellion; and, by placing his army in the best possible fighting order, by discipline and superior equip- ments, he has not departed from his early views of the work necessary. But he did not capture Richmond, and now his accusers declare him a failure, and assert that he has done nothing but throw up dirt. He threw up dirt at Washington, in order that it might be defended by a small force, while his main army attacked the rebel capital. He was forced to throw up dirt on the Chicka- hominy, because his army was divided up and left no other alternative to protect itself. Then came the series of battles in front of Richmond. The public are well aware how his right flank was assailed by a superior force; but this was not all that the rebels weresdoing at that time. The failure of MoDowell to come to McClellan’s assistance after the latter had opened the way by clearing out the rebels at Hanover Court House, left the road open for Stonewall Jackson to make a circuit around in that direction to gain the rear of McClellan’s right wing. At the very moment thats large force was engaging Porter’s corps and a desperate fight was going on, Jackson with with an immense force was making « oir- cuitous route s long distance from the lines of the federal army, in order that he might not be discovered, but be able to reach the White House without being de- tected until he arrived there, and thus gain the rear of McClellan’s right wing, and capture them before they had time to escape. This movement our young commander saw, and, after repulsing the attacking forces, wheeled his right wing around in the rear of his army, and thus defeated the plan of Jackson; for when he arrived there, instead of being in the rear of our forces, he was in front of them. This point gained, the army was saved, and only needed a careful and skilfull movement to change its base to the James river, and thus be uader the protection of the gunboats. How this was accomplished the public are well aware. In short, then, the rebels were outgeneralled by McCiellan in every movement in the seven days’ battles; all their plans, upon which they had staked everything, were defeated, and our army was saved from annihilation and capture. ‘The accomplishment of this point against a force two or three tu his one, under all the circum: stances, justly entitles General McClellan to the title of one of the first generals of the age, and should secure for him the perfect and unqua- lified confidence of the people, as he now has the fmplicit confidence of the officers and sol- diers under him. The New Treaty with Tarkey. A few days since we announced through our columns that a new treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States and the Ottoman empire was concluded and signed by the respective plenipotentiaries at Constantino- ple on the 25th day of February last. We infer from Article XX. that this is the first time that a direct treaty has been ratified between the United States and Turkey. Hith- erto our relations have been based upon “the Commercial Convention of the 16th of August, 1838, between the Sublime Porte and Great Britain, on the footing of which the commerce of the United States of America has been here- tofore placed.” “The present treaty shall re- ceive its execution in all and every one of the provinces of the Ottoman empire”—vis: Egypt, African ions, Servia and the united principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. There ‘are to be customs duties levied both upon imports and export. The import duty on some goods is spe- cific and on others ad valorem, but limited in either case to eight percent. Theexport duty fs seven per cent for the first year, dimi- nishing at the rate of one per cent every year, until it is reduced to one per cent, at which low rate it is then to remain, merely to defray the expenses of registration. Goode destined for the principalities, passing through the Turkish dominions, are not to pay customs duty until they arrive at their destina- tion; and all goods exported from these pro- vinces through the Turkish dominions are to be subjected to export duties to the Porte. The customary transit duty, hesetofore three per cont, is now reduced to two per cent. There are but two articles npon whiehe re- striction is placed—viz: tobacco and salt. These are not to be imported into the country. As an equivalent for these exceptions, tobacco ia hereafter made free from export duty. Further: “The subjects and citizens of the contracting parties shall” not only “enjoy in the dominions and possessions of the other equality of treatment with native subjects or citizens in regard to ware. housing,” &o., but ‘no duties of tonnage, bar- hor, pilotage, lighthouse, quarantine, or other similar or corresponding duties of whateves nature, or under whatever denomination, levied se