The New York Herald Newspaper, March 8, 1862, Page 4

4 — ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE, DETAILS OF THE CANADA'S NEWS. The Arrest of English Subjects in America. Earl Russel! Defends the Suspension of the Habeas Corpus. The Solicitor General on the Law of Neutrals and Trade in War Contrabartds, Special Steamers to Run the Blockade Insured, © Prince Napoleon’s Visit to a Union Camp. % Lord Palmerston on the San Juan Island Question. THE COTTON RESOURCES OF INDIA, &e., &e., £ &e, Our European newspaper express pag, brought by the Canada to Boston, reached this city yesterday morning. Tho journals are dated to the 22d of February, and con- tain the following important details of the latest vole. graphic news. The return from ttn Bank of England for the weok ending February 19 gives the following results when compared with the previous wock:— Increase Othor deposits. .15,035,843 Decrease On the other side of the account:— £11.101,802 No change. 17,573,010 Decrease 9,527,260 Increase. ‘The amount of notes in circulation is £20,129,510, being ‘a decrease of £395,180; and the stock of bullion in both departmonts is £15,804,405, showing a decrease of £18,- 544 whon compared with the preceding return. Liberal reforms are being continued in Russia. Tho last sittings of the Assembly of Nobles of St. Petersburg wore devoted to tho examination of the proposition of M de Platonoff, to unite the deputies of all the classes of tho empire in a single Assembly. M.de Platonoff is one of the most enlightened chiefs of the liberal party, and his Proposition, which was adopted, constitutes a real pro- gress, for it amounts to nothing less than the downfall of the exclusive rights and privileges of the nobles. The London Post of the 22d ult. says:— ‘The total number of passengers forwarded by the different lines of steamers between Europe and North America in the years 1860 and 1861 is as follows:—1860, weatward, 49 796; eastward. 24,644; total, 74,440. 1861 westward, 40,351; eastward, 23,956; total, 69,307, show- ing a decrease in 1861 of 5,138, It will bo seen that tho decrease last year was in the passct going out to America, the number being 9,445 less than in 1860, whilo thore was an increase of 4,12 in the number travelling eastward to Europe. ‘Tho Paris correspondent of the London Post, writing on the 2ist ultimo, says:— A suggestion has ited in some influential quarters that the European governments should make propositions to bring about a reconciliation in Amvrica; but know not what succees is likely to attend this officious endea- vor to avoid further and improve the world's commerce. AMERICAN AFFAIRS IN PARLIAMENT. The Blockade and England's Neutrality. SPBECH OF THE O'DONOGHUE. In the House of Commons, on the 20th ultimo, Taz O'Donoavg rose to move for returns of the number of veesels that have, during the past @ix months, broken the blockade of the Southern ports of Ame- rica. He hoped her ty’s government would not refuse to lay those returns on the table. Unless they were produced it would be impossible to discuss fully many questions likely to arise in tho present unfortunate position of affairs in America. The production of the re- turns would go a long way towards enabling thom to form an accurate opinion ou such questions as cfficiency Or mon-efficiency of the blockade of the Southorn ports, and whether the government had endeavored (0 carry out antes eee to which it was pledged, both by ber ty’s proclamation and its own declarations. It was an imperative duty of the government to furnish the most reliablo evidence on all these points. It was fre- quoutly stated that thie blockade was inoffective, ‘and that, thorofore, a fect ooght to be des- patched to break it; and an honorable member had given notice of his intention to move a resolution declaring that the biockate was merely ‘& paper one. Ho believed that the House was not now in a position to discuss that subject, or to adopt such a resolution; and therefore he asked from the governmout tho fuilost information. As faras the House ani the country were infurmed, there seemed to be no justification for calling the blockaile @ paper ine. On the contrary, the distress which had been occasioned im Lan cashire and Lyons by thedearth of cotion seemed to show that it was a mart eFective one. No doubt numbers of ves sels had run the biockade; but he submitted that the in ferencefrom that was not that the blockade ought no longer to be recognized, but that the American govern ment had been unable to accomplish an impossibility— viz; tho hermetically sealing of three thorsand miles of coast. Tho returos for which ho asked referred oxciu- sivoly to British vessels, and that chiefly for this reason, that according to the statements which had appeared in the newspapors, especially in tho Times, it was only Britash vessels which had rum the blockade. No doubt the euterprise of British sailors was to be ap piauded, but itonght not to be allowed to set at detlance tho policy of neutrality to which her Majesty's govern ment had pledged the country. It was notorious that many persons in this country were anxious that the Southern States chould be recognized, aud imagined that if they could show that the blecka‘e had not been alto gether porfect they could obtai such recognition; but he maintained that the government could not without a for feiture of their consistency and dignity listen to porsons who, having set at doflance the Queen's proclamation and run the blockade with vessels Taclen with munilions of war, adduced this fact asa proof that the blockade was in- roctine and asked the government to recognise the Souhern ‘ to force the blockade, and, if need were, w declare ‘war against the United Sialés. Inthe year 1843 measures woe eee @ yosvel fitted out for tho ag. sistance of the Sicilian Parliament from reaching its des- tination , tut although the attention of the government had ton eyes & ae vessels were leating in Engl: ima ‘with munitions of war for the Southern them accomplishing An allusion, in arecent letter of Ear! Rus- atthe port of Nassau, con- 0+ £288,429 of war, ‘been permitted the authorities to enter that to refit and ter reomtte supplies of coal and if that had occurred while at the | to the United States had refused the Ce pd Tr pcg J the authori- Hit g i ties at Nassau deserved some more direct censure than contained in the lettor of the noble earl. He hoped that the government would give these papers, and by = ‘would show their anxioty to afford the fullest possible information, and to maintain friendly relations with the great republic of America. ‘ablo mem- ber concluded ing au address “for a return of be ascertaived , of their captains and owners respectively, that have succeeded, within the past aix months, in run: the blockade of the Southern ports of America; jit roturn as to the British vesse!s that have been captured of destroyed in tho attempt to break the block- ade; and return of the number and description of British voasola, if any, that have put into the portof Nassau, . P., and other colonial ports, Inden with articles cow traband of » and with supplies for the Confederate and have been pormtted to refit and supply themselves with stores by (he jes in those places. Queei's proclamation, and of the neutrality which it is the expressed desire of hor Majesty’s government to uphold.” REPLY AND ARGUMENT OF THE CapiNer. Mr, Lavanp said that it would scarcely be convenient that ho should enter into the discussion of the question of the blockade of the Southern ports, which would come on more regularly when the resolution, of whick not had been given, was moved. Me must decline to consent so eae ton aon gos toe ; m =a first place governmont had not got the information sought for, in tho second, if they had, it would not be their ofl rhish a tist of wrongdoers and violators of the law to er, The ab which were about to be laid upon 1@ would contain a statement of the number of vessels which had brokon tho blockade, and perhaps of their tonnage, and he hoped that thit informat wotld satisfy the honorable member. ‘The Sorscrron Gavenat said—I think it desirable that a fow words should be said to correct a total mivapprohen- sion of a matter of law into which the honornble gen- ee ee ee fatien, Ho implies, by the terms ico of motion, and more distinctly stated in his speech, that all masters of British merchant vessels who may have run the blockade with articles con. traband of war on board have been guilty ‘acts, in violation of her Majesty’s pro- , which the gyperniment of this country, havin their attention called to them, ought to haye interfer to prevent, but had not done so. Ho has also suggested that the authorities of the port of Nass: ro be sub ject to serious blame for having permitted sMps under Sila Cree ee Sensan it port and to take in supplies, to have the ea calling and remain. jug there when they had on articles contraband of war, which the honorable gentieman seemod to suppose ‘hat her Majosty's proclamation had made it illeal for =z li NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, MAKCH 8, 1862—TRIPLE SHEET. them to have on board, and which therefore they could not be permitted to carry without a violation of neu- trality. In all these respects the honorable teman has totally misenderstuod the law. This country is g° verned by law, and except as far as her Majesty’s govert- ment have powers by law to control the aciwon of private Britich subjects, whether the masier of ips or others, of course they are perfectly poworless in the matter. ‘The only law which enables her Majesty's govern- ment to interfere in such cases is commonly called the Foreign Entistment Act, and the whole nature and scope of that act is suiliciently and shortly set out in the title. It is, ‘An act to prevent tho enlisting and engagement of her Majesty's subjects to serve in foreign service, and the fitting out or equipping in her Majesty's dominions vessels for warlike purposes without her Majesty’s license.” That act does mot touch in any way whatever private merchant hich may carry car jos, contraband or not contra~ between this country or any of the dominions of her Majesly and any port in d Uelligerent country, whether under blockade or not, and the government of this country, and the governments of our colonial possessions, have mo power what- ever (0 in'erfore with private vessels under such circumstances. It ia perfectly trag that in the Queen's proclamation there is a general warning at the end, addressed. to ali the Queen's subjects, that they are not, either in violation of their duty to the Queen as subjects of a neutral sove- reign, or in violation aud contravention of the law netions, to do various things, one of which is carrying articles considered and deemed to be contraband of war, according 49 law or the modern usages. of ations, for the use or servico of either of (he contending parties. That warn- ing is. ressed to them toapprize them that if they do these things they will have to undergo the penal consequences by the stetule or Ly the law of nations in thas behaif imposed or denounced. In those cases in which the statute is silent the government are powerless, and the law of nations comes in. The law of nations exposes such percons to have their ships seized and their goodstaken and subjected to comfiscation , and it further deprives them of the right to look to the govern- ment of their own country for any protection, And this principle of non-interference In things which the law does not enable the government to deal with, so far from being & violation of the duty of neutrality—which the govern- ment are sincerely anxious to comply with—Is in accord- ance with all the principles which have been laid down by jurists,and more especially by the great jurists of the United States of America. In ordor that the honorable gentleman may understand exactly how the case stands, Imay be permitted to read a short naseage from one of the works of these writers, Wheaton, who, as everybody knows, has written one of the most valuable treatises on the subject that was ever composed , says:— us laws, from trai! ot wa bh trade is carrt nal risk of those engaged in it, under the liabilities aud penalties prescr:bed by the law of natious, or particular treaties. _Wheston thon goes on to justi‘y the condnet of the United States for uot interfering to prever* “he supply of arms to T then at war with Mexico, and says:— The goverum s not bound to prevent it, and could vot have prevented it without a manifest departare from the principles of nextrality, and is ia no way answerable for the 8 Vice Chancellor Kent, work, says:— Tt is a eneral understanding ‘hat (he Powers at war may seize ard confisca‘e all contraband goo ts, without any complaint on the pari of the noutrai merchant, and withont any imputatlon of a breach of neutrality in the neutral sovereign himself, It was contended, on the part of the French nation in 1796, that neutral governments were bound n their subjects from selling or exporting articles of war tothe belligerent Powers. But it was hown, on the pyt of the U: S fully seliat home toa» fn his hardly less admirable to restr contrabi successfully neutrals may | articles, subject to the right of seizure tn transit. This right has since been explicitly declared by the judicial authorities of this country, ‘The right of the new'ral to transport, and of the hostile Power to seize, are conilicting rights, and neither partyteau charge the other with a criminal act. I think, thorefore, it is very cloar that the government at home and the colonial authorities at Nassau have taken the only course which it was possible to take consistently with the law of tne land—which they were bound in any case to follow—or with recognized conditions and customs, and more especially the customs mentioned as recognized by tho United States theniselves. (Hear, hear.) ‘Tux O'DoxocicE said ho should be ‘sorry to press for tho return in opposition to tho wishes of the govern- ment. It was evident, howover, that the honorable and learned gentleman who had last spoken, and the honor- abie gentleman the Under Secretary of State for Forcign ‘Affairs, were not quite of ono mind. In opposition to the law, as stated by the Solicitor General, the Under Secre- tary for Foreign Affairs had allegad, as one reason tor re- fusing the return, that it would, in fact, bea list of guilty criminals, (Hear, hear.) Mr. Lixpsay hoped that if any British vessels bad, as & matter of fact, been destroyed or captured while en- deavoring to break the blockade, a statement of the cir- cumstances would be given to the House. Mr. Lavar was understood to state that some particu- lars of the nature referred to would be included im the papers promised by the government. ‘Tho motion was then, by consent, with Irswn. Debate on the C: of Mr. Shaver. In the House of Lor the 18th of February, the Fart ov Caryarvon said he had on a preceding evening directed the attention of bis noble friend the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, to the forcible detention of three Lritish subjects at Fort Warren, in the United States of America; and ag he did not wish to overstate the case in any way, he wished to take that opportunity of completing, as far as he could, the information he had farnished upon that subject. He had since seen a rela- tive of one of those three persons, who had told him that that gentleman had passed under some process of natu- ralization under the authority of the American gover ment;and that would of course in a great measure ¢: entitle him to the protection of the government of thia country. Having made that explanation, be (the Earl of Carnarvon) had to bring another case of a some- what similar description under the notice of his noble friend. A Canadian gentleman, of the name of Shaver, had beon arrested under @ warrant of Mr. Seward, tho Foreign Secrotary of the United States; ho was then sont to prison, where there haa been tendered to him an oath of allegiance, which he declined to take. Various communications had subsequently passed be- tween bim and Lord Lyous, and ultimately, after he bad been detained three months in prison on secret charges, he was released on his consenting to enter into a very extraordinary engagement—an engagement which no government had a right to exuct,and to which no British subject ought, perhaps, to have subscribed— an engagement to the effect that he would neither travel in the Southern States of America nor hold any commini- cation with the people of those States without the consent of the American Secretary of State for Foreign Affuirs. Me (the Farl of Carnarvon) did not moau to attach any biame to Mr. Shaver in that matter, and noither did he biame Lord Lyous for any advice which he tondered in @ y. But the question nata- yarose what was t m Mr. Shaver might have tion after he had been imprisoned for 3 to the injary of his health, disadvantage of his own private busi ven it might bo said at the peril of his t as clearly a case whic xpression of regret on the part that effect bad becn put forward Mr. Shaver. He should id would have been ono te the rights of a British mces. But, after haying : ho cther evening b: a, and after having | which had been pi subjec heard ¢ that day,he could not help feeling so. correspond his noble xiety upon the subject. He found in that nee no demand for compznsation made b riend; nay, more, he did single Scrip of tho pon on th ‘oto that matter. It seemed tohim that that was a question of sufficient importance to attract tho notice of his noble friend, and he felt some surprise that there was not the slightest intimation in those papors of noble friend’s having pursued that conrse, or of his having even expressed any approval of the steps which had been taken by Lord Lyons. That was not the way Lord Malmesbury had acted in the case of tho Fng- lish engineers who had been detained in prison at Naples. Lord Malmesbury had in that caso carefully inquired into the state of the prisoners, and had insisted on their being at opceeither liberated or brought to trial. Again, that was not the courso which had been ean by the present government in the case of theae British subjects who had been kept imprisoned, or who bad been mur- dered, during the late war inChina, And neither was it the course adopted by the noble viscount, the present First Lord of the Treasury, in the case of Don Pacifico. In both these two latter instances ample compensation had been exacted and obtained from tho foreign govera- ments which had been answerable for the injuries done to British subjects. His noble friend had said the other eveuing that the present care had changed its character since the suspeneton of the habeas corpus act in America. But that was precisely the pla which had been put Sorward by the Mexican government when they fat ween askid to offer reparation for the injwetive which had been done to @ number of British subjects, They said thoir country was in go disturbed a state that the ordinary laws bad been suspended, and they de- chiued to afford to foreigners compensation for the injuries they bad sustained under euch circumstances. But the governments of England, of France, and of Spain persist- ed in their demands, and combined for the purpose of ob- taining from Mexico the em reparation. He (the Karl of Carnarvon) should further observe that he be- lieved there never had been any suspension of the habeas corpus actin America, The act had not been suspended; Dut the #rits issued for the purpeso of enforcing it had been disregarded by the simple flat of the American Pre- sident. Under those circumstances he wowd ask his noble fricnd whether any correspondence had passed delween Majesty's govorument and the government of the United States, with @ view to obtain compensation Mr. Shaver for the imprisonment to which he had eon swbjected; and if so, whother his noble friend y that c rrespondence before the House; wile if there had been no correspondence upon that subject, he hoped his nobletr: would inform them whether be meant to ask for such compensation. Kar! Rraerit said be would, in the first place, reply to the question of his noble friend respect to the grant. ing of a compensation to Mr. Shaver. That gentleman for any compensation; and nos haying ra- i bim any claim to offect, he (Karl Rus- sell) had certainly not made any demand ‘upon the sub- ject. Aa his noble friend bad gone on to argue tho point, it.was, peraps, desirable that be (Barl Russell) should offer somo explanation with ct to that and the other casos. His noble friend had somewhat forgotten what emed to him @#arl Russell) to be thegist of the casem- namely, whether, supposing the writ of habeas corpus was suspended in America, as was the case, wom there any suff- cient juctif—i ation of the arrest and detention of Mr, Shaver ? In a fetter written by Mr. Seward on the 13th of Decem- ber, it was stated that Mr. Shaver made himsoll, or euf- Sereda himself tobe made, the organ of communication % tibven the Southern confederates in arms againetthe United States government and their agents in Canala andin Bu- rope, and tt we stated, besides, that Mr. Shaver conveyed arms—namely, revoivers—into (he Southern States The Bari of Canmanvon said that, there was a0 admis. sion of such acts on the partof Mr. Shaver. That was — anscertion of Mr, Seward, put forward without a tittle of evidence. Parl Rosset continvel—That was the oss ertion pu forward on tho part of the United States government. Mr. Shaver, tp a letter of the 17th of December, declared that all those charges wero unfounded; but there had bean no Investigation of the matter either on one side or the other, Now, he thought that before he could ask for compensation for Mr. Shaver he ought to receive satixfac- tory evidence from hat geulleman that those charges were unfounded; because, if it was true that Mr. Shaver had made himself an organ of communication on the part of the Confederates, if he had given them aid and encouragement, rad had conveyed arms to them, he acted in direct comtradse- tion to the proclamation of her Majesty, which announced thet she would maintain’ a strict between the United States and the so-called Confederate States; and the British government would have no right to ask for compensation on his behalf. Mr. Shaver had never made any upon that subject; he had not at. all ho had not been engaged in those practi ha: l rested on the assortion of the ‘American « t. On a former evening he (Earl Russell) had referred toa case to which he wished his noble friend had reterred—namely, the course pursued by Lord Pal- morston in tho year 1348 or 1849, with respect to the sus- in Ireland. When it was ou one or two Amerivan citizens were arrested in that country. ‘The United States Minister asked for the reason of their detomtion; and Lord Paimerston, as the British Foroigu Secretary’, reniied that they had been engaged ina secret sociely, which had for ils object to foment and encourage revolt and disturbance in Ireland. He did not give any positive proof of that assertion, but he made it Lo thé représentative of the American government, and he (Earl did potfind.tbat any demand had been put forward “the United States government for com- pensation to tse two gentlemen. He believed that the statement of Lord Palmerston, founded as it wason in= formation farmshed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was porfectly correct, and that there were grounds for the detention of those persons. But his noble friend said that there had been no regular suspension of the habeas corpus act in tho United States of America. Now, upon that point there existed a misunderstanding in this country, which was natural enough, but which arose from on ignorance of the institutions of the United Slates. The right of habeas corpus in this country depended upon an act of Parliament, and therefore it cou!d only be suspended by another act of Parliament. But no such course was ipo y J in the United States of America. There was no act of habeas corpus in America, and. there- fore it did not require an act of Congress to suspend it. The question was by what Leaps 3 under the constitution the writ of habeas corpus could, during an insurrection, be suspended. Jt was assumed and assented to by all parties that the President had the anthority in time of in- iurrection, or the Secre'ary of Sta'e acting ty his orders. He (Earl Russell) did not see that they could contend cither that that was not lawful authority, or being lawful authority it should not te acted upon, though in scme cases to the injury of British subjects, as it was acted upon to the injury of American citizens in various other tustances. His noble friend had spoken of cases in which compensation and strong remonstrance should be made, and redress de- manded, ov the part of the British government. Really it scémed as if they were ignorant of the whole state of affairs to use an argument of that kind, because tho United States were confestedly not only embarrassed with @ great revolt, but a great civil war was raging in ,that coun- try, and there were many persons in the North going about the ‘Northern States sympathizing with the South, and there were in the Southern States who sympathiaed with the North, and that under these circumstances there was for any government, whether st was called the United States or the gor tof the Confererate States, a statetof danger, which at all events would make it necessary for the government to revert to those extra- ordinary measures he thought no one could deny. If the noble earl woula refer to the history of this country during the revolutionary war, ho would find that tho Habeas Corpus act was frequently s1 led, and he would find in Ireland that it was suspended almost every year: Ti might bo said, that in every one of those cases whore persons were suspected and taken up there was proof enough to convict them. Ho could say no such thing. But if it was necessary to suspend the Habeas Corpus act in this country, in the circumstances which were occurring during the French war, he certainly could not wonder that, in the present state of North America, that government should resort to the most extraordinary measures, al- though they might virtually work an injustice. He con- fessed that he lamented the situation of that government. He lamented the situation of those who were in arms against it. It wasa dreadful calamity for that country that such a civil war should havo taken place. He was disposed to viow, therefore, with some degree of forbearance, the acts which that government might do, and which in other circumsiances, under other governments, would call for remonstrance and indignation. Tho noble earl ‘asked whethor ho (Earl Russell) had written any other despatch to Lrra Lyons than those on tho table, He did not write with reapect to Mr. Shaver, because he saw that Lord Lyons was taking all the ste} that were necessary consistent with his duty. It might be that Mr. Shavor was entirely innocent of the charges brought against him, or it might be that he had been tukon mm arms against the government. If the former could be shown, he (Earl Russel!) should demand com- pensation. But as the case at pregent stood he certain! could not give any such instructions. He could not tell whother Mr. Shaver was or not detected in acting with the South; and until he had some proof on the subject ho could not idterfere (hear, hear). English Opinion ns Ng Campaign in the ‘est. ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE FALL OF FORT HENRY+ [From the London Times, Feb. 22.) A success has been achieved by the fedoral arms in the reduction of a work called Fort Henry, on the Teunes- seo river, and the capture of its garrison, consisting of sixty men. The narrative of the action does not present any feature of interest. It was the usual American fight- ing—a long canonnade on both sides with little loss, and then a surrender, hailed with loud icings by the vic- tors. In this case thero would hardly have been a casualty had not a shot stru the botler of one of the gunboats and scalded to death thirty-two of her crew. But though, as a mili- tary exploit, the’ capture of Fort Henry calls for little notice, yet the intelligence is interesting as showing tho position of the contending parties in tho West, and the course which the warfare in that region is taking. For a long time the military operations in Kentucky wero so confirsed and purposeless that it is reasonable to believe the commanders on both sides bad no other object but to hold their ground and wait tho course of events. But during the autumn of last year extraordinary eflorts have boen mado by the federals to gain such a preponderance in the Westas willforce President Davis to weaken the army at Manassas by sending troops for the defence of the important State of Tennessee. The army of General! Halleck has been largely reinforced, and the good will of the Weetern States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois has enabled the felerais not only to hold their ground in Kentucky, but to drive back their enemies almost to the Dordors of Tennessee. The most serious fighting has taken place towards the centre of tho former State. Ger Beauregard, who is said to have taken the nmand of the Confelerate army of the West, has no doubt been directed to defend the country in the neighborhood of Bowling Green, and to prevent any march from that region t» Nashvi the capital of Tennessee. This the successor of Zolli- coffer will probably be abla to accomplish. Providel he refrains from the fooluardiness which led to tho late de. eat, it is probable that the advance of the federal troops southward oan bo eflvetnally checked by an inferior force holding the strong positions which present themselves in arough forest country * 7 On the whole, we are inclined to consider tho western tactics of the federals as more skilful than those on the seaboard, The Beaufort and Hatteras enterprises and that to the month of the Mississippi have been conspicuous examples of im- nd the long prepared and much talked of Barn- 8 ition seems unlikely to be more successful, Theattempt to make a diversion by advancing with a few thousand men through the swamps of North Caro- Hina is a scheme which inspires much doubt of the wis- dom of General McClellan's counsels, But in the West the federals have a better chance. In this war successes must be gained by regular campaigning—by armies moved and fed and brought into action on the priuciples which bave ruled all wars on an extended continent. Naval expeditions may amuse the public, but laborious ani scientific generals, commanding well organized and well supplied armies, can alone wrest a square mile of ground permanontly from the confederates. The scheme of the federals for the deliverance of Kentucky and the invasion of Tennesseo, if carried out with energy, will test the strength of theSouth in that region severely. Of the resources of the confederates it is difficult to form an estimate, but it is probable that they do not want men, however deficient they may be in arms and gun- powder. The despatc! General Beauregard shows that they are fully aware of the importance of the ‘Western campaign; and, as the North also has an active General at the head of its army, we may look for a di play of energy on both sides as soon as the spring is s ficiently advanced. The Union Victori Grom the Londen Foss (eevernenens organ) ¥ ‘The fedora) government haye only presented them. solves as yet in the ebaracter of borro' , but, though offering large interest and the security of s wealthy and unhampered country, they can find no lenders outside their own frontiers. The Treasury {emptied of its con- tenta, the aid of printing presses has been summoned to create a new circulating medium, and paper, itis fondly imagined, will form an excellent substitute for gold and silver. Under circumstances sich as these we might naturally expect that stocks in the American mar- ket would be quoted at very low figures, and that @ beneficial change could alone be effected by the occurrence » of some vent which would undeniably indicate the prospect of a speedy termination to the war, We would, much mistaken in forming such conclusions. Though the strength of the rival armies is numbered by hun- dreds of thousands, it suffices that a few unite should bo killed or captured to indicate to the American mind the probably’ of the entire opposing force being speedtiy overthroWn; and, though provinces ag large as some European kingdoms are banded together to resist agzres- sion, it is enough th misorable fort, armed with twonty guns, should be taken to excite a general volicf that the whole Southern confederacy is ou the point of being brought into subjection. Ths latest inteiligonce from New York te'ls vs that the passoge of the Note bill and the favorable war news created « ancy in the siock market and a ge es. ith the particulars of the “favoreiie war ne not yet been made fully acquainted, altho bgtance has reached us. Of the’ gunboats which were despatched to the Tenn river it ‘8 that seven, under command of Commodore Foote, proceeded as far Fort Henry, which they attacked, Concerning the strength of the guabocts forming the expedition, or t namber or the calibro of the guns which they carried, wo are told nothing; but the fort, it would seem , mounted Twenty guns, and i{# garricon’ was commanded by a general. The siege Waly lasted on hour and a quarter, and at the ond of that time tho eral in command, with sixty of the garrison, surrendered unconditionally, We are not informed what was the entire meena ot the garrison; but it certainly does seem strange that, if more nuraerous, the genoral in command, with sixty others, should have surrendered, and the rest have mi: ee to effect thoir esceps. Vort Henry sorms to haye fal into the hands of the fode- rals bogause the Southern confederacy were either indif- ferent to the result, or took uo steps to garrison it suffl- ciently. As aset off to the capture of tho fort with the sixty prisoners the federals lost thirty killed by the ex- plosion of the boiler of one of the gunboats. ‘The news of the capture of this fort constitutes the entirety of the faverable war news which has exercised so striking an effect on the American money market, ‘Tho other cause conspiring to the same end was the pas- sago through the House of Representatives of the Treasu- ry Note bill, with the clause such notes a legal tender. Curiously enough, our last advices from America, by tho Europa, apprised us that this clause had been re- jected, and the majority of votes by which it was rejected was accurately specified. This turns out to have been an error, Had the bill been rejected in its proposed form the war must bave terminated almost immediately, With empty exchequer, and little or no hopes of speedily filling it, the sole means left of supporting a vast cxpen- diture was the creation of an inconyertible currency. A political economist might, perhaps, deny that such a cur- rency could support a real expenditure; but so long as paper will be aceepted by soldiers and contractors, and until depreciation hag reduced it to a nominal yalue, the war may bo carried on with promises to pay. Gold has risen to nearly four per cent premium, and benco- forward tho premium must coutinue steadily to rise. The more prescient of the citizens in the federal States, we feel no doubt, would have hailed with greater satisfaction the rejection of tho Treasury Note bill. It would perhaps havo been tantamount to an admission of the hopelessness of the enterprise in which they are on- gaged, and would have been the deathblow to the aspira- tions of those who still hope to see the Union restored in its integrity. But would it not be far better thus than to driyea wealthy, a prosperous and a thriving nation into bankruptcy before it ia a century old? However bnoyant the news of a trumpery victory, or the enactment of a measure which insolvent States alone have recourse to, may make the share market, the sole expedient which can restoro it to a troly healthy condition will be one which, some way or other, will bring toa termination this disastrous war, The British Navy in Commission. {From the London Times, Feb. 22.) Our ships and vessels in commission on the Ist of Ne- cember last were 337, being 24 less than the number a twelvemonth previously. Among the peegnmng, vossels, 160 in all, we have at tho lattor date the lino-of-battle ships reduced from 27 in number to 22, but then we have to make the important addition of an iron-cased ship to the list; the frigates and corvettes are reduced from 50 to 41, and the sloops, small vessels and gunboats from 106 to 96. The harbor ere. and stationary ships, 32 in all, are four less than in the provious year, and the survey- wover, be | ing, troop and storeships 20 instead of 21; but the tenders are increased from 48 to 51. The guardships of tho coastguard are 11, as before; the tonders, including ernisers,are increased from 62 to 63, The number of cadets admitted in the year was 174. To man this fleet the estimates propese, for the financial year which will commence at the end of next month, a force of 40,000 officers and men, instead of 49,000 voted last year, but tho boys are to be 9,000 in place of 2,000; the coastguard service will be reduced from 8,000 to 7,850, with 1.150 notborne on ship's books; the Tuarines are 18,000, as be- fore. Thus the whole force “in the fleet and coastguard service is fixed at 76,000, instead of 78,200, the number voted last year. ‘Tho navy esiimates are reduced from £12,640,538, the amount voted last year and on supplemental estimate of this year, to £11,794,305; but this also will, of course, be subject to supplemental additions. Special Charters of Steamers to Run the Blockade. (From the London Times (City Article) Feb. 224 It is said that insurances aro being effected daily on ships and cargoes about to run the blockade of the Southern ports. The highest Egger paid is fiftecn guineas, the ship being entitled to select any port. In some instances tho risk to asingle port of easy access has been as low as ten guineas. Nearly all tho vessels 80 insured are steamers of about 1,500 tons burthen. Ireland’s Loyalty and Plenty. SIR ROBERT PEEL ON ‘“‘MANIKIN TRAITORS" AND AMERICAN EMISSARIES. On the 21st of February Sir Robert Peel, in the Hous of Commons, summed up his reply to Mr. Maguii motion on the distress in Ireland, thus:—Sir,I rejoice to fee how vast are the strides which she has made in pros- perity since the time whon speculative doctrines of government and imaginery schemes of independence prevailed and were used as engines not for her welfare but to inflame the public mind and to stir up fresh ources of popular excitement. That time is at an end, and the people of Ireland now, I believe, have yielded to tho good influences of the age in which we live, and to the efforts, for her regeneration, of wise and enlight- ened statesmen. Of the justice of that opinion no moro remarkable proof can be adduced than that which took place the other day when there was danger of a rupture with Amorica, and It id was filled with American emissaries who tried to raise there @ spirit of dis- loyalty. A meeting was then held in the Rotundo, at ‘which @ few manikin traitors sought to imitate the cabbage garden heroes of 1848; but, I om lad to say they met with no response. (Cheors.) ore was not one to follow. There was not a single man of respectability who answered the appeal. (Hear, hoar.) And why is that so? Itis because Ireland is changed. The thoughts of the present generation are, 1 happy to say, directed into better courses, They are directed to acquiring sound principles of political economy, tothe advancement of education, to the suppression of criine, to the reformation of criminals, and to the developement of the resources of Ireland. (Hear, hear.) Thus it is ‘that Ireland is improving, and it is my firm conviction that the evidences of per re daily becoming more Apparent in that x and ‘portional harmony which hap- puy, now illustrates the union botwoen Great Britain and and. (Cheers.) I thank the House for having allowed ‘me to mi theeo few remarks. If I speak every Friday night on the state of Ireland—(laughter)—I will do so with the greatest pleasure. (Laughter.) But, at the same time, I will still continue, until facts are submit- ted to-me to make me believe the contrary, to assert my deliberate and determined conviction that there is = are there is no unusual distress in the sister isle. (Cheers. The Stars and Stripes Hoisted in Ircland. {From the Nenagh (Tipperary) Guardian. ] Farly on Monday inorning last a large flag, ropresent- ing the national banner of America, was seen floating from the summit of the Uld Castle of this town, which is at presont undergoing alterations to make it a belfry for the contemplated Catholic cathedral of Nenagh. The dis- loyal and offensive emblem, which exhibited in large characters the Stars and Stripes of the American republic, was promptly seized by the police, and is at present in custody of Sab Inspector Reamsbotiom. It is duc to tho Rev. Mr. Cleary, P. P., tostate that the moment he heard of the occurrence he at once directed the removal of the fing, and it was by tho man he sent to take it down it was iven into the hands of the authorities. The outrage has n strongly condemned by all the respectable Catholics It is the act of @ clique, of whom it is, per- hay ing too much to notice the cowardly midnight deed at all; and we feel wo would not be justified tn de- voting even a line of our space to the record of the puny act of disloyalty , wore it uot that at a distance, the occur- , being heard of, might be maguiflod into something is, and an injustice be thereby done to the character of the town. Prinee Napoleon in America. VISIT TO A UNION CAMP AFTER BULL RON. (From the Revue des Deux Mondes. * . * = * * * Although the Prince (Napoleon) was eepeeilo we ware admitted without any difficulty within the liner. All the men—some sprawling on the ground, me playing atcards, but mostly reading the papors attirod some in flannel shirts, others in seedy palctots or pilot coats, some wore st hats, others linen foraging caps. 1 inquired whe could seo the famous Exceisior i le. It was before my eyes, A few American sauntored along. One of them, a tall fel- uilt for acuirassier, but presouting a somewhat grotesque appearance in ared petticoat and a turban, such o$ you see at the bal masque, come up to us. He had been in the French army, at the camp of Helfautt; he recognized the Prince, and went up straight to him. He appeared somewhat surprised at not ing hailed as au old acquaintance. Some ques- tions as to how and why he had left tho service, and what brought him to America, only met with very equi- yocal replies. It would appear that bis company con- sisted exclusively of Frenchmen, of whom only afew, and of Canadians, of whom none had served before. “As for discipline,”’ said one of them, an old dovanier, what ‘would you have? Here are the Canadians, who aro ap- ae sergeants and corporals because they can speak glia which is rather a bore for us, who can't understand a word of that dog of a language” (chicnne de langue). Another, with a reat resialy cast of ures, replied (9 & questioh about their pay. “As far as promises, it's all right. Sixty cents a month, without counting c'othes and rations, looked well enough, but Fince we are at the camp we have not seon the color of yey By way of clothes they gavo us a pair of gail and a pairfof braces; and as for the rations, they have consisted hitherto of rico, tobacco, and an unlimited number of newspapers. As for me, that won't do. I have enlisted for three months; my time is up in six weeks, but after that I’m —— if they take me in.” Icame across another of these soldiers, & Frenchman, who held forth as follows:—'* Out of ten 6 ‘3 you won’ find one Amorican—all German, Swiss, Irishmen, Hun- garians, Italians, a fow Frenchmen and Canadians. A man who has no work, you see, prefers enlisting in the Union army to starving. They give usa little bread atall events, but are we not compelloa to stand and boghot at for the sake of people who prefer remain- ing in their shops to taking up a musket and going out to fight their own battles? And then you should ace how we aro officered, A lawyer, a hairdresser, an apothecary, raises a company or a battalion, which bo calls a regi ment, and has himself appointed colonel and captain. We promised roasted larks will failinto our mouths, but the first shot off trots our colonel, the lawyer, or our ptain, the barber, with thelr soldiers at their heels, and never stop for twelve leagues. That, voyer vows, is what ocourred at Bull run. I’ve been made a corporal because I kuow fifteen words of English. I placed a son- try the other day; he asked me why? What can be done with soltiers bag'n to argue when they are told “forward march?’ Every body bore, you see, is ready enongh to command, but no one will take orders from any body, aur that's the way with ali of them. The French Senate on Foreign Affairs. Tho French Senate Legh sontod A lengthy addross to the Emperor in reply to bis speech from the throne at the opening of the Legislative session, On foreign aifaira the Senators say; —The civil war whieh distracts America has on our own mapufactures and our markets, and 4 portion of the working classes is inw state of suf- fering of which thefterm is not yet arrived, Your govorn- mont, site, has taken it into consideration, and the Senate could not rest indifierentyto it. Like your Majesty, it has recognized that the friendly relations of France with the United Statea dicvatetl French Cabinet a policy of noutrality on this affictilg dispute, ail that the struggle would be brief only if it were not comfplicnted by foreign interference, But at the same time the Sevate has recog. nizod your active vigilance in the internal measures you aye commanded, in order that our workmen guould nod exporience too long or too injurious a of idleness. Our soldiers and seamen have made China and the ex- treme East t of it. It will not be long ere Mexico, her turn, receive the merited chasti ‘of her unworthy proceeedings. With Span and England be prosecuted enorgetically by the common accord of tho three Powers, procure comple tg satisfaction for our fellow citizens and ourna- tional interesis. Property in Ireland for a Man in Phila- el phi the Dublin Freeman’s Journal, Jan. 13.) Judge Keatings sat in the Court of Probate yesterday, and disposed of some motions. In the Matter of the Hiffects of William Reilly.—Mr. Woodlock applied that administration of the assets of de- coased might be granted to Mr. Keon, rectifying distillor, of James street? in this city, The affidavit of Mr. Keon set forth that deceased been a cooper, and was in his employment for some years; that he died on the Sdof December, 1861, being then a widower without issue; that his nearest relative and next of kin was John Reilly, his nephew, who resided at Philadelphia, in the United States. The affidavit further stated that the whole of the property left by deceased did not amount to £110 which consisted of four quarter shares in the Dublin and Drogheda Railway, and a small quantity of household fur- niture and workmen’s tools, worth t £5; that do- ceased was indebted to him (deponent) at tho time of his death in the sum of £17 123. 8d. for goods sold and cash lent, and that the amount of his funeral expenses, £2 178. 6d., remained due to the undertaker. ponent then said that the next of kin of the deceased beiag in Ameri- ca, in poor circumstances, and, therefore, not likely to come over to Ireland, he (deponent) was willing to take out administration for tho purpose of paying himself his £17 12s. 8d, and tho undertaker his £2 17s. 6d., under- taking to pay over the residue to the next of ki His lordship said he could not entertain the application. ‘The proper course for Mr. Keon to adopt would be to send. out a power of attorney to John Reilly for his signature, and then there would be no difficulty in the matter. He should gay no rule on the motion. Ocean Telography. (From tho London News, Feb. 11.) Tho failure of the Atlantio telegraph was disheartening. A feeling then provailed that to connect Europe and Ame. rica telegraphically was an object which science and wealth, skill and enterpriso, must fail to accomplish. ‘Tho snecesaful laying down of ocean telograph cables is aresult of immense importance to the wholo civilized world; but to the greatest of all commercial and colo- nial Powers such a conquost of time and space is a vital question. How often are vast interests alarmed and im- perilled for want of the means of instant and secret com- munication? This is an experience which events re- peatedly confirm. In a short time there will be about 200,000 miles of electric bones wire in all parts of the world, estimated to yield an income of about five millions sterling annually. The United Kingdom. Europe and Racibeastern America are at poet covers with a network of telegraph wires. In other parts of the world also vastly extended lines of telegraph wires exist, such as those between San Francisco and New York, Kurracheo and Rangoon, in India, and Brisbane and Adelaide, in Australia. The electric telegraph in the United Kingdom alone yields an annual revenue of about £10 for every mile of wire. The Malta and Egypt sub- marine cable, about 1,000 miles in length, is yielding nearly £1,000 per week. As this cable hus been success- fully laid, tho project of connecting telegraphically the west const of Ireland and Newfoundland, a distance of 1,700 miles, is now revived. If this can be done, it would be all that is dosired. for the intorests of Great Britain in communicating with America, be- cause the termini will be in British territory. If, however, such a cable cannot ber siiccessfully submerged with our present mochanical appli- ances, other schemes for connecting the Old and ‘New. World are in a forward state, and for the accom- plishment of which there will be no difficulty as far as length of sea cable is concerned. Such, for instance, are the schemes for connecting Europe and America by way of Icoland, Greenland and Labrador, by way of Cadiz, the Cape de Verds, St.Paul and Brazil, and by way of Russia, Siberia ‘and the Aleutian Isles. If India cannot be reached by ocean cables tho telegraphic communica- tion willcertainly be made by way of Eastern Kurope, ‘Asia Minor and the Euphrates, As no mode of commu- nicating with India can completely satisfy this country unless our government can havo uncontrolied power over the telegraph, and which cannot be the case if the inte: vening wires pass through a foreign country. we are seeing to the reconstruction or repairing of our sea cables towards the East. It has been already mentioned that a frosh cablo has been success- fully laid down betwoon Alexandria and Malta; therefore nothing can prevent us now from connecting telegraphically by sea lines Malta and Gibral- tar, and Gibraltar and Falmoutn, whenever we ploaso, because each cable will not be of greater length than the Malta and Alexandrian one. Ina month’s time a cxble will be submerged between Suez and Jubal, in the Ked Sea. is will be only 300 miles lapg, and therefore casi- ly effected; and immediate attempts are to be made to repair the cable between Aden and Kurrachee. Bofore Easter, probably, we shall be able to communicate with all parts of India 'in five days, with Hong Kong in twenty days and with Australia in twenty-six days, and when the Australian land line is extended from Adelaide to Porth, in Western Australia, in twenty-two days. Russia is now strenuously exerting herself to reach China, Japan, and oven tho United Stator by telograph be- fore England can do so, except by the uso of Russian wires. Fstafettes regularly run between Pekin and the telegraph stations in ic Russia. Disputes have arisen be- tween the United States and Russian telegraphic en- gineers as to tho best route for passing the telegraph wires from Asia to America. The former, knowing tho cheapness, safety and permanence of land wires, from experience, are for the Behring Straits route—the latter for the route by Kamschatka and the Aleutian Isles. Some English writers appear to think that tho sparse- ness of population in Eastern Siberia and Russian America will prove an insurmountable objection to the Behring Straits route, But this very sparseness will secnre the wires from injury. Besides, the complete control which Russia knows how to exercise over the remotest parts of her dominions, will enable her to protect the wires. Rus- sia will find no greater difficulty in doing this than the United States government has found in protecting the wires from San Francisco to the Western Atlantic, throngh a country of wild Indians, As to the weather, so far north as Behring Straits, it will not be more formidable than in Lal lor or Green- land, where it has been pronounced by competent navigators and électrical engineers to be no insuporabie bar to tolegraphic wires and cables. Tho struggle be- tween England and Russia to reach the far Eist by tele- graph will be a fierce one. England will manage, by and by. tocreap up the Red Sea from Jubal, and by repair ing the cable in the Arabian Sea we shall have an un- broken telegraph line from Malta to Rangoon, over which we shall have complete control, for the short telegraphic communication between Alexandria aud Saezis compicte- ly in our hands. To extend the line from arg ae to Singapore will not be difficult. The French and Spanish possessions in Cochin Cifina will assist us up to Houg Kong, and from thence the route to Pekin, by way of ‘Amos, Shanghae and the Gulf of Pecheli, will be easy. From Shanghao a telegraph cable, only 500 miles long, would reach Nagacoki, in Japan. In the spring of the’ present year it i= not impossible that the steam packet commanication between Galway St. Johns, Newfoundinnd, may be re-established, and gence from all parts of the United States and British The intel! North America Would then reach ns in six days. New York, Boston, Halifax and Portland packets must thon moke’a point of regularly gotting news by tolegraph from Cape Race, in order to keep pace with the Irish pac At the present time the former stearnrs pass Cape Race upwards of four hundred times in the course of a year, and five times out of six they fail to get or con- vey intelligence from that point. Soine effective plan ought to be organized to communicate with every trans- atlantic packet passing the southeastern point of New- fonndland, or the Galway boats will beat the Queenstown and Londonderry steamers in priority of intelligence by three or four days. When the Canadian tolegraph is ex- tended to the mouth of tho St. Lawrence, which is shortly tobe done, even the summer Canadian mail packots, which travel the Belle Isie route, will beat the Cunard steamors in priority of news from'the United States, if the latter ships do not get late intelligouce from Cape ce. One great defect of the olectric telegraph at present is the difficulty of transmitting simultaneous messages, either in the same or in opposite directions on the same wire. Hence, whore there is much trafic, numerous wires have to bo erected, which appear on our railway lines like musical staves, and which add immensely to the cost of telegraphic messages. It is not improbable that this difficulty will one day be overcome, and tho transmission of separate telegrams, in the saino or in op- ite directions, at the same time and on the samo wire, effected. Nature exhibits phenomena somothing simi- lar to this when the vibrations of the air or the undula- tiong of light, though crossed or overtaken by other vi- drationd or ‘Aitniaiions, convey sounds or im: to tho ear or eye Without distortion or confusion. trans. mission of simultaneous telogram: one wi ‘be a consummate triumph of electric telegraph: Politically , commoreially and socially, the electric tele- graph is destined to confor vast benefits. If Farl Rus- foll’s despatch to Lord Lyons on the Trent affair had been transmitted to Washington im nineteen minutes, instead of in ninetoen days, we should have had nows of ti liberation of Mosers. and Slide on the 7th of De- cember, instead of on the 10th of January: and what fears and anxieties, what stagnation of trade and depro- ciation of public securities, and what national animosi- ties arisivg from tho intemperance of English and Ameri- can writers, would then have been prevented. Much of the recent difficulty in getting more cotton from India has arisen from the time occupied in communicating with Calcutta from England. Before mercantile transactions in cotton could be oilected at Calgutta, foars were entor- tained that American news might render such travsic- tions unprofitable. It is a maxim that the quicker tho communication between the different marts of cominerce throughout the world the safer can al! kinis of business be carried on. Thia is proved by the largo aud continually increasing revenues derived by toleg companies, even when they only partially connoct distant markets, A merchant living or twelve thousaad tiles distant may give an order for thousands of pounds’ worth of goods, and before the order airives the markots may have changed and & serious Joss ensue, but no mor- chant would ever complain of bein, abled to delay giving an order for g¢ is until wifi w hours when it would be necessary for the sellor to execute the ordor, And then the luxury of instantaneous communication with absent friends. A twelvemouth ago an Indian liner Jeft London. After a@ fearful passage, in which she was nearly wreckod, tho captain and almost all the oilicors ‘and crew wore jaid up in a Calcutta peepee with cbolora ‘fand other disessos. This nows reached thoir friends tn England. But letters anuouncing their recove- ry and departure were given to some one to post, who, it is belioved, dostroyed the letters for the sake of keeping tifo postage money. For three months the friends in a of those poor fellows wers kept in an agony of suspense until their arrival home @ few wooks sino. A telegraph England, and one from Culcutta would have prevented this suspense. No one has failod to notice the tone of anxiety of fore), and relative Woe 0 personal 1 rae. ron whom you inquired playfully after ‘be dead and bu- ried, and their paréuts may be the loss when they receive your letter six weeks or two months after it hay beon written. The dominion which was ejyon us correspondence between fri the evmildence of ‘Stance of human power, and a comparatively cheap tele- graphic communication to the most distant will be one of the completest blessings which science ever con- ferred upon mankind, The San Juan Island Occupation, BELATIVE TO THE VANCOUVER ISLAND CHANNEL. In the Commons, on tho 2ist ult., Mr. HAtivarom asked upon what terms, i¢ any, tho Americans retain possoasion of a portion of the isiand of St, Juan; whether thore was any negotiation pending on the subject and the nature thereof; and whether there would be any objeo- fre ¥ produce the papers and correspondence referring ereto, Lord PazmarstoN—Tho occupation of the island of St. Jean rests upon. an mont made tn 1859 between fenerai Scott, who was seat for tho purpose to Vancou- ver's d, and Governor Douglas, who was at thas timo Governor of that island. ‘The conditions of that arrangement were that, without prejudice to tho claim of either party to the whele of the island, should provisionally be a joint occu. pation, the cupying force on each sido to consist of not more than one hundred mon, either goldiers or ma- ines, to be stationed in separate parts of the island, so ag not to come into contact; each party to exercise con- tro! over the inhabitants of the portion subjected to its government and to repel any attacks from Indians. From that timo negotiations have been carried on betwoon the British government and that of the United States with a view to the final settlement of the disputed question rela. tive to the channel between Vancouver's Island and the main land—a dispute which, of course, involves the question of the istandof St. Juan. ‘That'negotiation had progress- ed to a certain extent when the civil war broke out, but in consequence of that war it had been suspended. That boing the case, I do not think it would be useful or condu- cive to the publi: interest to enter into a detailed statement of the negotiation up to the point at which it was suspended, and of course I could not lay any papers connected with that subject on tho table of the House. THE INVASION OF MEXICO. England does not Desire Victor Emane uel’s Aid. (From the London Post (government organ) , Feb.£22.} as separal welesions *, Re Austrian C pg vse oe only with Hungary but with Prussia, and a large part the Germanic Confederation, cannot fail to exorcise a marked influence on the attitude of the Italian govern- ment and people in the present stage of the Roman ques- tion, When, ag in the dobate on Hosse- |, Sspoaker after speaker rises up to impress on the Prussian govern- ment tho necessity of recognizing the kingdom of Italy, Baron Ricasoli may foel himself amply justifiod in holding the language which he so recently employed, that Italy and Prussia are united by acommunity of sympathies and of interests. In this position of Furopean politics the Italian government would show little wisdom if. at the present stage of the Mexican question, it should think of vol- ‘unteering a naval ant mi contingent; because it is not easy to imagine a more glaring political inconsistency than would be furnished by the spectacle of a counts earnestly endeavoring to sever all tion wil the Honse of Hapsburg, on account of the dis- like entortained to that house by the Italian people, at the same, moment in ‘schemes for pacing oe et eee ee eee New World, without the slighlest certainty far his sway there would beancceptable or the reverse. & poli- cy would, at any rate, be a marked dovistion from the traditions of the late Count Balbo, and of other Piedmon- tese statesmen, whose hopes of a territorial compensa- tion to Austria, by which she might be better roconcil- ed to the loss of her Italian territories, were all founded on combinations much nearer home, and never lost sight of the old maxim of Prince Eugene, that tho true seat of — power was to be found on the banks of the ube. Unanimity of Mexican Feelin; Foreign Intervention—The (From the London Spectator.} This Mexican affair threatens to degenerate into a sad imbroglio. The policy sanctioned by this country in re- gard to Mexican affairs was, in the absence of Parliament, understood to be briefly this:—The three Powers most injured by tho Mexican contempt for justice agreod to seize the Mexican ports and obtain from tho local go- vernment reparation for misdeeds and security against their repetition. If the Mexican government yielded, the expodition would terminate in the appointment of commissioners 0 collect the customs due at the ports, If, contrary to expectation, they resisted, an expedition ‘would penetrato into the interior, suppress anarchy for the moment, and call a {ree Cortes to decide vn the future administration of Mexico, It was understood that euch an invasion would haye the approval of all proporty holders and all men who are tired of the existing anar- chy, and, while loaving the Mexicans free, would restore the more intelligent classes to their just influence in the State. ‘The intelligonce just received seems to indicate that Spain, in her hasty thirst for aggrandizement, has not only deranged this plan, but has roused against it the very classes upon whom Europe relied for support. The Mexicans, it is said, willing to recsive the confederates, are determined not to receive Spain, The nows of Mar- shal Serrano’s expedition has rcawakened the ancient hostility, and ail classes aro —— to resist the in ‘Some of the guerilla chiots have already teador ed their aid, all horses and carts have beon impressed. for military service, and tho roads to the capital will all be defended by earthworks and large bodios of partisans. In short, the arrival of the expedition will be the signal foran outbreak which will compel the Spaniards either to abandon the enterprise or to conquer the country. This isnot in the least what was intended by the Powers, and the further action of Spain in this direction ought to be at once prevented. We have no right to subject ‘Mexico by force to a rule abhorred by the people, nor have we any interest in increasing th: possessions of Spain. Tho design, as originally ‘anfoldod, was to pormit the intelli- gent classes to choose without any coercion whatever, except for tho repression of anarchy. If tho Cortes chose a Spanish viceroy ,that choice would bo received with pleasure, for Spain can govern without the ob- staclog created vy difference of race, la , or oreed. But no one intended to force Spain upon Moxico, to change a free country into a colony without its own consent, or even to permit the only European Power which supports the slave trade to commence a carcer of ag- gvaudizement by tho sword. The right to suppress anar- chy is always cloar, bat tho right of a civilize! race to choose their own government—provided it is a govern- ment and not an excuse for anarchy—is at least equalig certain. As it {8,it seems probable that Spain, while refasing to Mexico her right of choico, will only increase the confusion, and go terminate freedom without creating order, Such a result to the combined action of France and England would be simply intolerabte, and justify the idea that we intervone in Mexico simply to collect our bills. It isnotimproved by the statement that the Spaniards are acting in concert with the Southern Confederacy. President Davis, it is said, has already a force wpon Bravo det Norte, his envoy has been thrown into prison by Juarez, and he'may, untess promptly opposed, seize five at least of the Merican'States. ‘In other words, territories as large as three Englands will be added to the area over ich the institution. of ‘slawsry already extends. EX- tremely litle force is required, the association of bravos known as Knights ‘of the Golden Cirele will furpieh plonty of recruits, and, once annexed, Europe cannot rodeem those provinces without deciaring war on the South. That at such a moment the Mexican govornmont should be paralyzed by a Spanish invasion, instead of being reinvigorated by the intervention of tho allied Powers, is one of the many calamities the quarrel between Eng'and and America has already produced, It is doubtful if Marshal Serrano can now be stopped, but England aud France can at least secure to theMexicans against Fal. their right of choice, and with hs sey ogame aire . enough to defy tho South, and abolish anarchy whic! ‘an unprincipled project of conquest threatens at presont only to increase. Hurope wants Mexico as w strong orderly Power, plared between Richi and the States of jhe Isthmus, and not as an unwilling, and ther:fore powers 88) depenitent of Spain, Medals for the Defenders of Forts Pick- and Sumter. Through the kindness of Dr. Dixon, of this city, we have have shown the medals ordered some time ago by the Chamber of Commerce, to be presented to the defenders of Forts Sumter and Pickens. They are cast in bronze, and aro in every respect most artistically executed. ‘They wero designed and carved by the wellknown poulbtr, Charles Muller, the author of the ‘‘Binstrol’a Curse,” which is now at the;British Masoum, and a num- ber of other splendid works of art. Below wo givo the inscriptions and representations on either side of the mie Pickens medal for officers has around tho obverse these words:—The Chamber of Commerce, New York, Honors Vaior, Forbearance and Fidelity. Fort Pickens, ” i ‘the centre of the obverse is tho three heated dog of war, chained toa portion of the'fort, showing one port- hole, with the mouth of a gun protruding. On the reverse isa life likeness of Captain Slemmer, with the words around it: ‘Adam J. Slemmor, 1861.” ‘The Pickens medais for the men on the obverse have these words:—‘Tho Chamber of Commerce, New hg . jr Honors the Defenders of Fort Pickens.”” In the contre this obverse is a yer ~ Po water side of Fort showht 9 flagsta and fag. On the reverse is se A ata of Captain Slemmer, with his name surrounding it. ‘The Sumter medais far tho men haye on the obverse the words, in the same manner as on. ‘ickons mo- da's:—“The Chamber of Commerce, New York, Honore the Defenders of Fort Sumter, Firat to withstand trea. son.” In the centre is a vory fine representation of the fort, with the gallant Hart hoisting the flag of the Union, ‘On the reverse isa yory five likoues® of Major Ander- son, with the words ‘ Robort Anderson, 1861, These modals are splondid specimens Of the engraver’s haraotagised ‘by simple grandeur aud great wate amey ace weil worthy of artist whose name ‘those horoes who are destined to receive theta wet Pane amtartist who created thom while they reverence and continue to defend the country and the patriots whence Cay baer ny ‘The medals for officers who commanded at, defonce of Fort Sumter are not yet completed. Thoy are, however, expected fo be finished within a few weeks, when they will be presented, with due ceremonies, by the Ghanrver of Commeree of New York. Supreme Court. fore Hon. Judge Barnard, Fp. 27.—Kerler vs. Branch —This wae an action on ® promissory note for $1,200. The defence—insanity of maker, failare of consideration and usury. An Inquest. was taken by plaintiff, January 15,1962. On motion of dofendant the inquest was opened, amd the cause sot down for trial for the 27th of Fobruary. Le me | and ot Penn ee ndge Thompkon and May. Wr, Gor ex. an 1. W. macintity the Court orderor an extre atlowadte of Lvé per Cont Wpon the amount of the recovery.