The New York Herald Newspaper, March 3, 1862, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENSETT, EDITOR AND _ OFFICE M. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. will beat TERYS cash im advance, Haney ont ty malt 3 © the sender. None but ville curvent in New [E DAILY BERALD.t wo cent» ine WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturny ite OF S3per annum. the European ues wots kay, Seeetens kerio cee eee the Unt, Lith and each month, “er Nar gs To per 21et of asia raM, eT ate ALD, on Wednesday, at four cents Per Volume XXVIII... No. a1 AMUSEMENTS TIIIS EVEN(NG. NJBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Courney Bawn. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway.—So pex TuovcuTs— URAENG THE Tau xs Neu Los's Canin, WALLACK’S THEATER”, No. 844 Broadway.—Tux Wox- LAURA KEENE'S THEATRE, Broadway.—Tur Ma- Camiay; om Tux Pesr oF ay NEW BOWERY Cawin—TRiixc or ON BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Sticansr'’s WN. Cinovs sien THEATRE, Bowery.—Uxciz Tox's NEW YORK ATHEN AU: Cavin BARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadwi Norr—Living Hiveorotamus, Waaur, Sc. st a Savaw ano Ka oane, afiorivon aud evening, Broadway.—Uxcie Tox’s CoM DRS BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad- Way.—Cuaw Kost Beme. HOOLEY'S MINSTRELS, Stuyvesant Instit ’ Wway.—Eruiorian Sonon Danone tt N& -MELODEON CONCERT Dances, Buatesauss, &0.— $39 Broa !way.—So! HOT Liv ON BLACKWau. CANTERBURY MUSIC HALL, 58% Broadway.—So! Oanons, BoRLnsques, AO— 1 NM aN Ate Poke” GAIETIES CONCERT ROOM, 616 Broadway.—! Room Enrentaiwents, BaLLEts, Parroutnes Fancuss ao, AMERICAN MUSIC HALL, 444 Broadway.—Soxas, Bate ‘4£2Ts, Paytomines, &C.—\0 inr by =” ee CRYSTAL PALACE CONCERT HALL, No. = BuaiasguEs, SoNcs, Dancus ac vo cioeas ee PARISIAN CABINET OF WONDE — Open daily from 104M. USP Mee 9 Broadway. public that such an act was neither more nor lesa than arson, punishable with imprisonment in the penitentiary, The same journal gives serious warn- ing to all “true sons of the South’’ to look out for spies and traitors, which it admits are in their midst. Upon this subject the Nashville American says:—All the late movements of the enemy dis closes the fact that they have received important information from spies in our midst. They would never have ventured to Florence, Alabama, with ' their gunboats, if they had not known that country to be undefended by soldiers. Let a stricter watch be kept upon suspicious persons, and let them be summarily dealt with if detected.” ‘The Richmond Whig and the Norfolk Day Book both urge the speedy destruction of cotton and tobacco. The Richmond Examiner is savage over the late defeats, surrenders and evacuations of the rebels. After alluding to the defeats at Fort Henry and Roanoke Island, and the small loss suffered by their troops, it says bitterly, “The whole army had better surrender at once, for it will eventually come to it.” The discussions in the rebel Congress at Rich” mond show a growing discontent with the Cabinet of Mr. Davis. Upon the proposal to admit the members of the Cabinet to defend their course on the floor of the House, Mr. Foote, of Tennessee said that if the Cabinet, after a fair discussion upon a vital question, should be voted down, they shoul resign, after the manner of the British Ministry, and give place to others. A refusal so to do, he declared, would justify a civil revolution—a re. | bellion within a rebellion—and if Mr. Davis per. | sisted in retaining the Cabinet after such an ex” pression of popular sentiment, he would deserve to be brought to impeachment, and, if needs be, “to the block.” Thus it would appear’ that Cromwell Foote threatens to make poor Jeff. Davis another Charles the First, and to re-enact the NOVELTY MUSIC HA! 616 Bi —l 1 — LL, roadway.—BURLESQUES New York, Monday, March 3, 1862, THE SITUATION. No active operations in the Army ef the Poto- mac were reported last night. Accounts from every military department received duringgthe past week represent the troops as being\in good condition, and that there prevails among them a vigorous patriotic spirit for action in the field. General Banks’ division still rests in the vicinity of Charlestown, Va. No accident or interruption marred his advance. The condition of the country from Harper's Ferry presents the usual appearance ‘of agricultural prosperity. Negroes are flocking in to the lines of General Banks in large numbers. ‘Verious reports as to the movements of the rebels | at Winchester were circulated, but as they come from refogecs and contrabands, no reliance is Placed on them in the camp at Charlestown, A despach received at headquarters yesterday evening announces the death of General Lander at Paw Paw, Virginia, a town between Romney and Winchester, at five o'clock in the afternoon. General Lander’s brilliant conduct at Rich Moun- tain, and his energetic march te open the railroad to Hancock, which won for him the special thanks of Secretary Stanton recently, will be re- membered. Gencral Lander was wounded at the battle of Ball's Bluff, from which accident he Rever wholly recovered, and it is said that his late exertions in bringing forward his troops in the gemarkable forced march alluded to, eventuated in the total breaking up of his feeble health, on @ccount of which he some time since asked to be relieved temporarily from his command. We give im another column an interesting sketch ef this gallant soldier. General Shields has been ap- Pointed to succeed General Lander, and will en- ter upon his duties immediately. The evacuation of Columbus, Ky., is officially @nnounced by a report from Commodore Foote. Lieutenant Phelps returned to ca:np on Saturday, and states that the rebels are retreating from Co- Jumbus. Several fires were visible in the town, indicating that they were destroying the military stores and equipments, if not the town itself. The Union troops were expected to occupy it yester- day. The War Department has received such en” couraging intelligence of the restoration of Ten- messee to the Union that it is contemplated to ap- Point Senator Andrew Johnson Military Governor of the State until the civil government can be re- Organized. With this view it is said that the President will nominate him as Brigadier General scenes of Tower Hill in one of the pleasant squares of Richmond.” : The rebel General Simon Bolivar Buckner, cap_ tured at Fort Donelson, is now on his way to Fort Warren, or is probably by this time safely en- sconced within its walls. The capture of no officer of the rebel army has been regarded with so much interest, nor, perhaps, with more satisfaction than that of Buckner, becanse his treason is marked with more infamy than any of his confederates, with the single exception of Floyd. Buck- ner appears in the double capacity of a traitor and a spy. At the commencement op the rebellion he procured his « ointment as Com- mandant of the Kentucky Home Guard, organized for the preservation of that State to the Union" | His general popularity and military education easily won for him this position, and inthe capa- city of chief of the Home Guard he visited Wash- ington, in order to relieve himself of certain sus- picions as to his loyalty. While there he tendered the services of the Kentucky Guard to the govern- ment, proclaimed his devotion to the Union, and at the gathered all the in- formation possible as to the plans of the government, visited the defences of the capital, and otherwise posted himself upon several impor” tant questions. But, when active operations be- gan, he at once went over to the rebels, and en. deavored to take his faithful guard with him. In this attempt he failed, and the rebels acquired, by his base desertion, only his own poor services, which terminated at Fort Donelson. Thus, while other captured officers have been regarded as hon- orable prisoners of war, public sentiment is some- what bittery expressed towards General Buckner. Our fullf telegraphic report of the European news by the Arabia is published to-day. It con_ tains some details relative to the discussion of the American question in the English Parliament. The O'Donoghue, M. P., has given notice of a motion, which, if complied with by the House of Commons, will show that England’s ‘‘neutrality’’ on the sub, ject of the blockade has been of avery dubious character, to say the least. Victor Emanuel is to send an Italian frigate to the Gulf of Mexico. The Independance Belge as serts positively that the Archduke Maximilian of Austria has aceepted a throne in the distracted re- public. same time General Halleck, in his last general order, says among the sick and wounded soldiers no distinc- tion will be made between friend aud foe. Will Jeff. Davis make a note of this? Goveruor Morton, of Indiana, proposes to re- clothe all the Fort Donelson prisoners in that State to-day, and place in his hands the pleasant duty | with the condemned shoddy uniforms now piled up Of restoring his old State to ita origival position. The Treasury Department has ordered the cot- ton taken at Nashville, valued at $100,000, to be sent to New York. As an evidence of the anxiety of the solid men— Unionists and conservatives—of rebeldom to recon- at Indianapolis. Montgomery, who is kuown as the Kansas Jay. hawker, has had the command of the Third Kansas regiment taken from him. He has been ordered to take the position of Lieutenant Colonel. The following new fortifications are recom- mended for the defence of Delaware Bay :— struct the business connections between the North | At Cape Henlopen, a few heavy guns, cost- and South at the earliest opportunity, we can refer to the fact that telegraphic despatches of a | Above New Castle, sixty guns............. 1 purely business character were received in this city on Saturday from Nashville. No sooner do the people in the capital of Tennessee feel themselves felieved from the incubus of secession, by the oc- cupation of the Union army, than they hasten to restore the old relations with the commercial capi- ee er er ere ee At Fort Delaware, thirty guns in casemates. 102 98,000 10,000 000 000 ee creek and Marcus Hook, on Vy tas Sep sv ers Grov Total cost.... . . ‘The Frederick (Maryland) Citizen eluded from the mail by order of the Postmaster tal of the country. Circumstances like these, | General. Cause—secesh. trival as they may appear, show very forcibly the Gisposition of the oppressed Unionists of the South toavail themselves of their disenthralment. We may look for similar indications from other parte of the South as the soldiers of the government ad vance and break the chains of the overridden people. Cotton continues to arrive from the South. The bark G. W. Halil, commanded by Albert Cook, Uni- ted States Sailing Master and Acting Prize Master, arrived at this port yesterday, from Key West, with 200 bales of the staple taken from the prize schoo, net Lizzie Weston, captured by the gunboat Itasca off the Belize. Our news from Key West, which ‘we publish to-day, contains some interesting facts concerning the progress of affsirs in that quarter Our news from the Southern papers to-day i varied and interesting. It appears, from the Mem Phis Avo'a whe, that the utmost excitement pre vailed in that city upon the receipt of the news 0 our recent victories in Tennessee. The people were greatly alarmed for their safety, and gition to burn the city was openly disenssed fm the streets. The papers, however, frowned Gown the project; the Avalanche reminding the Aman named George Ross shot two American eagles near Circleville, Ohio, last week, and no doubt was under the impression that he had per- formed masterly feat. Mr. Ross could employ his time to a great deal better advantage by shoul- dering his gun and marching to the defence of his country. Doubtless under the impression that yesterday would have been the last day of skating for this season, from thirty to thirty-five thousand persons visited the Central Park during the day. The ice was ina shockingly bad condition, soft and slushy, the majority of the visiters, therefore, did not skate. The captain of the Purk keepers is anxious that there shall be at least fifty days of | the sport this year, bat the present evidences of the weather are against him. The young green grass already appearing on the sward of the Park gives good evidence of the near approach of the end of skating. The following table will show the comparative number of skating days during the last four -~1861-62, to March 2, forty- four days; 1560-61, whole season, twenty-seven days; 1359-60, whole ecason, thirty-cight days; 1868-69, whole season, ninetoen days. This shows that we have already exceeded aay other season since the opening of the Park skating pond by six days, and nay yet have a day or two more of the sport. The steamship Etna asrived at this port yester- dey evening, from Liverpool, after a very rough NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MARCH. 3, 1862. passage. Her news has be-> ant and her files forwarded by another en The cotton market was firmer Saturday, with salos of 600 bales, closing stiff at 2330. a 240. for middling up- lands. The flour market was heavy, and closed at a de- cline of Sc. per bbl. for most grades, while sales wore light and ehicfly to the home trade. Wheat was inactive ‘ani sales quite litnited, while prices favored purchasors, especially for common and medium qualities, Corn was hoavier and lower, with sales of Western mixed, in store and delivered, at 60c. a 623¢c. Pork was leas bucyant, while prices were without change. The sales embraced new mess at $14 873 a $14 60 and $13 60 for old, and $10 6235 a $11 for new prime. The stock embraced about 62,026 bbis., against 47,271 bbls. on the Ist of February ult. Sugars were Orm, with sales of about 700 this. and 28 boxes at full prices. Coffee was fir bags Rio was made at 195¢c. Froights The recent order of the Secretary of War, prohibiting the publication of portions of the war news, has very naturally attracted attention to the subject of the relations of the press and the government. This government, the {reest in the world, has never had occasion be‘ore to interfere with the press, the freedom of which is strictly guaranteed by the constitution, and protected alike by the people and by the admin- istration in power. Our people have had no experience of a war like that now progressing, and areas unaccustomed to anything like the government censorshipof the press as they are to the exercise of the extraordinary powers vested inthe President. It is well, therefore, that the whole subject should be rightly and thoroughly understood. Jn ordinary times the freedom of the Ameri- can press has always been unrestricted. It has supported or opposed political candidates and political parties with perfect independence of the government. Before the election is decided all candidates and all parties are unofficial, and nothing is risked, as far as the government is concerned, by supporting or denouncing them. But after an election is decided, even during the times of profound peace, it is the duty of the press to throw aside all political animosities and support the administration in all its constitutional acts, because the adminis- tration becomes ex-officio identical with the gov- ernment. In this the press only follows the example of the people, of whom it is the’ ac- knowledged organ. Parties rage against par- ties during a political canvass, and a stranger to our institutions would imagine that the suc- cess of any one of the candidates so bitterly opposed would be the signal for a revolution of all the factions whose candidates were de- feated. But, on the contrary, as soon as an etection is decided the people quietly accept the successful candidate as their chosen ruler, and every election is thus made unznimous by the consent of the whole people. ‘The press can do no less than the people; and, however warmly it may criticise the policy or the mea- sures of an administration, it is oniy for the purpose of reform and correction, and never legitimately for the purpose of revolution or destruction. In short, as the most powerful organ of the people, the press criticises the gov- ernment and compels it to keep within consti- tutional bounds, while, at the same time, it loy- ally protects it from any popular assault, and makes the people and the adininistration har" monious, by insisting upon the rights of the for- mer, and expounding, discussing and correcting the policy and measures of the latter. In times of peace, then, the press is the me- diator between the government and the people; but its utterances are, in this country, consi- dered as representative only of the people, since we have here no such thing as an official government organ. In times of foreign or do- mestic war, however, the press necessarily aseumes the position of a voluntary depart- ment of the government, and is so regarded by the enemy. If the press opposes a war the enemy take it as an indication of our weakness; if the press urges on a war it is taken as an in- dication of our strength. If the press is mis- managed, the government suffers. Consequently it becomes the object of the government to keep the press well informed, and u.der proper control, so that the enemy may receive no as- sistance from its revelations, nor the necessary harmony between the administration and the people be disturbed by its mistaken intelligence. Hence the license and the facilities allowed to the correspondents and representatives of the press in obtaining the war news; and hence, also, the care which must be taken lestsome of this news, prematurely revealed, may enable the enemy to understand and defeat our plans. It becomes, then, the duty of the press to support the government in carrying ona just war, by publishing the news of operations completed, and by suppressing any news of operations in progress or in contemplation which might as- sist the enemy. The government is legally bound to defend itself and the nation it repre- sents against an enemy by every judicious means, and the press is morally bound to sus- tain the government to its utmost ability, and to refrain from the publication of objectionable news, and from dangerous and ill-timed criti- cism of extraordinary exercises of the powers of the government. It was a deliberate disregard of its manifest duty by the Northern secession press which led to the summary annihilation of the “peace organs” by the people and the government. It was repeated violations of duty by the aboli- tion press which rendered necessary this order of Secretary Stanton’s. The moral obligation of these papers not to publish objectionable matter did not suffice, and therefore the gov- ernment was obliged to force them to do their duty. The independent press, on the other hand, has been true to its position and to the traditions of the republic, and, by its ability, talent, skill, energy, wisdom and statesmanship, has made itself an efficient aid to the Executive and the chosen guardian of the liberties of the people. In effect, therefore, Mr. Stanton’s or- der only compels all the newspapers to do what it was always their duty to do, and what the independent journals always have done, and cannot be regarded as any infringement upon those rights of the press which the constitution guarantees, and which the people cherish. Waar Wus. Jerr. Davis Tuxk or tHe Vie. tony at Fort Donetson?—it appears, from the message of Jeff. Davis to the Confederate Con- gress, which we published on Saturday, that he deemed the capture of Roanoke Island “deeply bumiliating™ He says he has not received any official account of the surrender of Fort Donel- son, and thinks the intelligence about the loss is “greatly exaggerated.” No doubt by this time the fugitives Piliow and Floyd have told him the gad tale, about which in bis message he afle:ts so mach incredulity, When he has learned all abont the disaster from his own generals, we should like to know how he will designate the capture of Fors Donelson, if the su:render of Roanoke Island is, in bie opinion, so “deeply husniliating.” a sale of 700 | unchanged. The Chevalier Wikoff and the Hickman | upon his release front bonds; for he enjoys Tuquisition. We have been favored with @ witty, amusing, piquant and characteristic letter from the Chevalier Wikoff, in which he gives us the details of his recent imbroglio with the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives. I¢ will be found in another column. This committee, it will be re- membered, was instructed to investigate the facts concerning the government censorship of the press, and the Chevalier Wikoff was one of the witnesses summoned by the committee, and was imprisoned for refusing to answer a question put to him by the chairman, the Hon. Mr. Hickman, of Pennsylvania. We find this full, true and particular account of the latest adventure of the erratic Cheva- lier as racy, lively and interesting as his former diplomatic revelations or his description of his courtship and its consequences. It contains, however, not only food for mirth, but also for reflection; for, ludicrous as the persecution and imprisonment of the Chevalier msy appear in the narration, their obvious intent was too meanly dishonorable to be allowed to pass with only a smile and without the severest cen- sure, As far as he is himself concerned, the Cheva- lier Wikoff evidently regards the affair as a good joke, carried, perhaps, a little too far. With flippant ease he passes from Willard’s to the Capitol, and is equatly at home on the floor of the House or in the dungeon beneath. Like Mark Tapley, he is most jolly under difficulties, and his nonchalance, sang froid and uniform good humor demand and receive our sincere admiration. Handcuffs or bracelets, a rack or a couch, a cell or a boudoir, the society of ladies or of rats, are all one to the Che- valier. His wit, his satire and his rhe- toric are equally at the service of the Hickman committee and his guard’s dog Jack. In the dirty confines of a cell—half coal hole, half kennel—he coolly puffs his segar, politely receives lady visiters, and calmly notes down observations upon the American and European methods of female education. Such a man would fan himself in Iceland, wear an overcoat in the Black Hole of Calcutta, be in paradise at Fort Lafayette, and transform the Eldridge street jail into a palace. He ought to be immediately dramatized by some embryo Bourcicault. His invincible self-pos- session outrivals any “London Assurance.” His cave scene surpasses that of the “Colleen Bawn.” He endures persecutions with far greater patience than poor “Uncle Tom” of the revised “Octoroon.” He is more woird’ unique and interesting than the “Phantom.” We cannot extend our praises, however, to the honorable gentlemen of the Hickman in- quisition. The Chevalier tells us that they-are eight in number, and that their appearance is respectable. Their number, therefore, falls short of that of the Muses, and their personnel is very much better than their proceedings. Finding that the Chevalier was not connected with the Herarp, and had sent us no telegrams about the President's Message, the committee dropped the subject of the investigation en- tirely, and proceeded to bombard the witness with inquiries about the private, social and family affairs of the White House. The Cheva- lier dodged these queries with the tact he had imbibed from his diplomatic nurse, Lord Palmerston, and with the agility of a rebel soldier during the attack upon Fort Henry. At last, « gentleman who happened to be upon the committee as Lot was at Sodom, protested against this prying into private affairs; but he was incontinently snabbed by the inquisitive Hickman, and subsided. ‘ihen the committee agreed upon a test question, which Hickman imagined would be the key to the knowledge of the good and evil of the White House. The name of the Chevalier’s informant about the Message was demanded. The Chevalier fell back upon his chair and his honor, and refused to answer. Hickman and bis fellows exchanged wise looks and knowing glances, Ab! There was a secret, then! They had thought so all the time. They could even guess the very name they were about to hear. The Chevalier’s per- sistent silence added confirmation strong as Holy Writ to their acute suspicions. They threatened him with the consequences of his re- ticence, gave him forty eight hours for reflection, and adjourned in high glee. Few men are capable of forty-cight hours continuous reflection. The Chevalier Wikoff is more observant than philosophical, and is not among the reflecting few. Consequently, in the time allotted to him, he only succeeded in insti- tuting a doubtful historical parallel between the Chambermaid Committee and the Star Chamber. His great sagacity and clear eye- glasses enabled lin to discover, however, that the committee expected a startling revelation from him. Alas! he had no such revelation to make. What then? His imagination was vivid, his invention marvellous, and the temp- tation strong. How difficult and unlovely truth appears when a falsehood is obviously expected, and will be more welcome, satisfac- tory and desirable. To his credit be it said that the Chevalier, not yet ready to tell the truth, refrained from the lie which the commit- tee cpenly invited, and took the consequences of silence. He was forthwith conducted to the bar of the House, and a vote instead of a drink was taken. With the celerity of a bill on the last night of the session, the reticent Chevalier was put through the usual forms, and found him- self in contempt and a dungeon. There he as- sociated with rats, slept on an fron rack, and endured his confinement as well as could be expected of a graduate of the Fortress of Ham and the jail of Genoa. An angel from the West dropped in upon him, as her Eastern pro- totype did upon St. Paul. The Chevalier is nothing without a lady to admire and suffer for, and at this point of his narrative he becomes so gushingly poetical and touchingly sentimental that a handkerchief is absolutely necessary to the appreciative and sympathetic reader. Having been seen and pitied by a lady, the Chevalier was satisfied, and concluded to re- veal. Unless he wished to tantalize Hickman and premeditated this letter, we see no reason why he did not reach this conclusion before, as his promise of secresy was only conditional. He mysteriously. divalged Watts. Watts? Why, Hickman had expected a lady's name, and | not that of a gardener! Only Watts? Then it | was not one of the President's family, after all ? | The committeemen were naturally disappointed | and disgusted at bagging no greater game flan Watts, and vented their vexation upon the | Chevalier. At last, in » rage, they dismissed | him from the Capitol, and be once more en- joys the blessings of a feather bed, a clean shirt and all the other privileges of an Ameri- (an freoman. We cannot con~* ‘ulate him dungeons too well and meddies himself into them too often to be allowed much liberty. As for poor Hickman, he has screwed his eye to the White House keyholes and pinched his ears in the cracks of the Hsratp office doors in vain. His inquisition has ended in bis own Selo de se. His questions about the dinners, the breakfasts, the table talk, the visiters, the social chit-chat of the White House, are un- answered. His dishonorable and too evident suspicions of the President and Mra. Lincoln strike only himself and his fellow committee- men. Fired by the lust of curiosity and ex- cited by a malicious spite, Hickman and his brother abolitionists have trampled upon all considerations of decency, propriety and honor. They have grossly insulted the President and his wife, even while they were mournfully watching the last agonies of their dying son. They have disgraced the Congress to which they belong, and slandered the people they profess to represent. Having voluntarily re- linquished all claim to the titles of Americans and gentlemen, the country will esteem them at their own base valuation. a The Emancipation Question in Cone gress. It is understood that a majority of the Judi- cinry Committee will report against the power of Congress to meddle with the rights of the Southern States to control the question of negro slavery within their own limits, when, by force of arms, those States shall have been subjected to the federal authority, and that the President alone, as Commander-in-Chief, in the exercise of a war power, has anything to do with the matter. It is also stated in our telegraphic correspondence from Washington,. published yesterday, that the President and a majority of his Cabinet are of the same opinion. As long as the President maintains this con- servative position (and we have no doubt he will do it to the end), even a revolutionary majority in Congress can effect but little mis- chief. Suppose the resoluticns of Mr. Sumner were embodied in a bill to-morrow, the President would veto it, and he would have the con- stitutional right’to refuse to carry it out as Com- mander-in-Chief, for this reason, that the war was vndertaken to restore the Union, not to break up the State organizations of any sec- tion of the republic, and that the Presi- dent has sworn a solemn oath to “preserve, defend and protect the constitution of the United States.” A war to break up the State organizations of the Southern States and to hold them in*vassalage, instead of restoring their original status of federal allegiance and State rights, which are reciprocal, and cannot be. subverted without revolution, is not a war for the Union, but against it. The Southern States are as much a portion of the Union as the New England States, and it would be equally competent to Congress to reduce the latter to a mere territorial condition as it would be to place South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama or Mississippi on a tooting-of provin- cial dependence. The object of the war and the President's oath is to preserve the whole Union, and not a mere part of it. To break up the State organizations of the South and inter- fere with its domestic institutions would not be to restore the Union, but to abolish it, and to overthrow the constitution. If a majority in Congress should be insane enough to adopt any such bill, neither the Presi- dent nor the generals of the army would be bound to carry it out. Congress is just as sub- ject to the authority of the constitution as any other branch of the government or any indivi- dual; and it is the duty of all to support the constitution against all usurpation, come from what quarter it may. Only a convention of the people of all the States, North and South, can change the constitution or abolish the funda- mental principles on which the Union is found- ed. <Any attempt to do it otherwise is treason, and as criminal a3 the acts of Jeff. Davis and his fellow conspirators, and ought to be punish- ed accordingly. The government is a union of coequal States, and the treasonabie acts of any number of individuals in the slave States can- not deprive those States ef their status in the Union. Instead of destroying State govern- ments, the federal authority is pledged to gua- rantee their preservation and the protection of republican institutions in every one of them without exception. And what are republican institutions? Their very essence 1s that the people of each State regulate their own do- mestic institutions in every respect in which they do not contravene the constitution of the United States. But we are told that the meditated abolition of the constitution in the Southern States is for the purpose of effecting the emancipation of the negroes, and that after that is ac- complished those States will be restored” to their normal condition. This is absurd on the face of it; for the moment those States obtain their coequal footing in the Union it will be in their power to enact negro slavery again, just as it would be in the power of the State of New York todo it this very year if it deemed such a course consonant with its inte- Tests. But what would the dreams of Sumner, Gree- ley & Co. accomplish if they + ould be real- ized? In the United States Senate for the present there would be four Senators black as the ace of spades; in the House of Representatives there would be some forty members of the same hue. This proportion of negroes would rapidly increase. Then the republican court at Wash- ington would soon be graced with ebony ambas- sadors not only from Liberia and Hayti, but from the King of Dahomey, the Sandwich Islands and the Gorilla country. Just imagine half a score of these fellows sent to Washing- ton to be fattened, in order to be eaten on their return. The King of Dahomey sent half a dozen of bis subjects to the Queen of England, expecting that she would have some rare feast- ing upon their choicest parts when pro- perly cooked. It is very probable an equal number will be sent by his sable Majesty to the President of the United States, for the same purpose, when diplomatic relations shall have been established. Then let us picture the greasy squaw of one of the black ambassadors leaning on the arm of Sena- tor Sumuer, as he leads her to a reception in | the White House, while Greeley follows in his | train with a huge female Gorilla, who will i probably hug him to death before she parts company with the champion of amalgamation. In truth the various aspects of the case are too ludicrous for serious discussion, and a glance at them is sufficient to suggest to every sane mind to what extreme lengths of ahsurdi- ty the nigger worshipping fanaticism will logi- cally carry its blind votarios, ~ _ esheets. etm rms Stet eA LT ‘Tax News rnow Tux Urran Poroxtac—One off | our contemporaries is greatly exercised about our publication om Saturday of a tele graphic despatch, from General Banks’ column, giving an account of bis crossing the Upper Potomac and of his movements to protect the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He calls upom the Secretary of War to do terrible things with the Hzraup. Now, it so happens that we were duly authorized to publish the despatch im ques- tion; and had our contemporary a little more enterprise he might have had the same news, on the same day with the Heratp, instead of publishing it the next day, with alterations and additions, while calling upon the Secretary of War to punish us for giving the same news publicity. There was nothing wrong in the publication. On the contrary, it did much good, by relieving some painful anxiety at Washing- ton and elsewhere. It seems that there was some mistake about the meaning of Secretary Stanton’s order, which prohibits the publication of news of military operations, unless authorized by “the War De- partment, the general commanding, or the generals commanding armies in the field in the several departments.” The General Commanding is, of course, Ge. neral McClellan; and it was believed that “ge- nerals commanding armies in the field, in the several departments,” undoubtedly referred to the division generals in a department, and not to the general commanding the whole department. But it appears that Mr. Secretary Stanton meant otherwise, and that General McClel- lan, for instance, who is not only “the Com- manding General” of the whole army, but, ine Special sense, General of the Department of the Potomac, is the only general who can au- thorize the publication of military movements in that department; and only General Halleck can authorize the publication of intell'gence of military movements in the Department of the Missouri; and General Buell, who, though only a brigadier general, commands the Depart- ment of the Ohio, is the proper officer to autho- rize the publication of military operations in bis department. “General of a department” is not a title of army rank, but‘a territorial de- signation, conferring authority half’ military and half gubernatorial over a military district. Tue Tone oF THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT.—The recent debates in the House of Lords on the subject of American affairs indicate a very pa- cific policy towards this country on the part of the British government, and show a tone which contrasts remarkably with that hitherto dis- played towards the United States during the course of the present war. We need no stronger evidence than this that England has begun to understand and take a right view of our posi- tion, and that the voice of the kingdom unani- mously proclaims against any interference with us in the suppression of this unholy rebellion- The leading London journal, which has so per- tinaciously and maliciously: m‘srepresented us since the outhreak of the rebellion, received » merited rebuke from Lord Malmesbury for ite wilful distortion of the specch of the Earl of Derby respecting the blockade, and-for persist- ing in the falsehood after the latter had himself contradicted it. The aim of that rebel organ has been to force upon the government a con- viction of the necessity of breaking the block- ade, in order to open our Southern ports to British trade and the export of cotton, and its arguments in favor of this course have been utterly unscrupulous and positively vindictive. In these attempts to dissolve the American Union it has been aided by a cor- respondent who has systematically misrepre~ sented us since he first landed on our shores and who still remains in our midst, slandering our people, villifying our government, and doing all be can to prejudice England in favor of a Southern confederacy. The replies of Lord Russell to the speeches of Lords Malmesbury, Caernarvon and Derby are of a very reassuring character, and demon” strate, as much as the words of those statesmen, that the feeling in England towards us is very different from what it was before the affair of the Trent. Indeed, it would seem, on the Mephis~ tophelcan principle, that out of evil there cometh good; that the difficulty which threatened an- other Anglo-American war has so purified the political atmosphere in England that she is now enabled to see us in a true light; and, the mis- of doubt which before intercepted the English view of the war in the United States having been cleared away, the last hope of the rebela of foreign intervention in their favor has disap- peared. Two Fryine State Goverxments.—The two flying governments of Tennessee and Missouri are rapidly coming to that grief which will soon overtake the unholy rebe‘lion in which they have been conspirators. That arch traitor Isham Harris, who formerly held the reins of government in Tennessee. wo have drivea from his hotbed of treason into Memphis, the remotest corner of the State, where, at the proper mo- ment, he can leap into Arkansas and escape through the Indian Territory, a fugitive from justice. Meanwhile General Buell is taking good care of the premises he has vacated, and the disloyal sentiment of the people is rapidly changing for one more in accordance with the spirit of the Union. In the same man-, ner Claib. Jackson, of Missouri, has become @& wandering vagabond on the face of the earth, and has sought refuge in some part of the South, we do not exactly know where. In the interval the Union army and the provisional govern- ment of Governor Gamble have had the for- tunes of the State in their safe keeping, and very soon General Halleck will have completed the work in hand. Nothing more typical of ruin and defeat could be found than these two wandering Governors in the service of treason, flying before the righteous sword of the Union; and in a very short time the prime leaders of this great con- sptracy will be driven to the came Inglorious extremities by the patriotic hosts that hare gone forward in defence of our national glo ’ and integrity. Devevorsuent or Tie Ustoy Sentiment me que Soutu.-—The second gunboat expedition up the Tennessee river, which was commanded by Lieutenant Gwin, not only confirms the obser vations made by the previous expedition, but reveals still farther evidences of the Union sentiment in the South. Lieutenant Gwin states that he “has met with an increased Union feel- ing in South Tennessee and North Alabama.’ Even in Mississippi he says “the Union senti- ment is strong,” and greater developements would have taken place but from fears of mili- tary tyranny and coercion. The glorious suc- cesses at Fort Hoary and Fort Donelson have enabled “the Union men to hegia to express their sentiments without fear of being mobbed