The New York Herald Newspaper, February 23, 1862, Page 9

NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1862 WASHINGTON’S BIRTHDAY. CONTINUED FROM THIRD PAGE. ‘ton of our country from the rest,or to enfeeble the sa- ered Wes which now link the varfous parts. For this you have every inducement of sympathy and a or choice, of a common coun- , that country haga right to concentrate your affec- Ma ‘The name of American, which to you in your national capacity, must always exait the just pride ef patriotism more than any ion derived from oca! discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habite and political Principles. You have, ina common cause, fought and triumphed r; the lence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels and joint efforts, of common dangers , sufferings and successes. ‘But these considerations, however powerfully they ad- Grees themselves to your sensibility, are greatly out- ‘weighed by those which apply more immediately to your anterest; ea every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole. ‘The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, by the equal laws of a common govern- ment in the productions of the latter, great addi- ‘tional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise, ane ious materials of manufacturing industry. The , in the same intercourse, benefiting by the agency ef the North, sees its agricuiture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own channels the sea- ‘men of the North, it finds its particular navigation in- vigorated; and while it contributes, in different ways, to mourish and increase the general mass of the national ua- vVigation, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime to which itself is unequally adapted. The East, 4m like intercourse with the West, already finds,aad, in ‘whe progressive improvement of interior communication ‘by land and water, will more and more find a valuable vent for the commodities Which it briagsfrom abroad or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite to its growth and comfort; and what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of mecessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable ‘eutiets for its own productions, to the weight. influence and the future maritime strength of the Atiantic side of be Union, directed by an indissoluble community of imterest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the ‘West can bold this essential advantage, whether deriv- ed from its own separate strength or from an apostate ‘and amnatural connection with any foreign Power, must ‘be intrinsically precaric: ms, . ‘While, then, every part of our country thus feels an dmmediate and particular interest in union, all the parts eombined cannot fail to find, in the united mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater resource, ly greater security from external danger, a frequent interruption of their peace by foreign na- ‘tions; and what is of inestimable value, they must de- ive from union an exemption from those broils and wars Detween themselves, which so frequently afflict neigh- bering countries, not tied together by the same govern- mont; which their own rivalship alona would be suffi- Gient to produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments and intrigues would stimulate and embitier. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those military establishments which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to re- publican liberty; in this sense it is that your union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preserva- ‘tion of the otne! ‘These considerations epeak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit the con- tinuance of the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common govern- ment can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience selve it. To listen to mere speculation in such a case were criminal. We are authorized to hope that a proper organization of the whole with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respective subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the expe: . With such powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting parts of our country, while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be reason to dis- trust the patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor to weaken its bands. In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs, a8 a matter of serious concern, that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing ies by geographical discriminations—Northern and rn, Atlantic and Western—whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a rea! dif- ference of local interests and views. One of the expe @ieuts of party to acquire iufiuence within particular dis- tricts, is to misrepresent the opinions aud aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies und heart burnings which spring from these misrepregentations; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together Dy fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our jestern country have lately had a useful lesson on this head; ‘they have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, aud in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal ®atisfaction at that event throughout the United States, & decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions pro: among them, of a policy in the general govern- ‘ment, and in the Atlantic States, unfriend!y to their imterests in regard to the Mississippi; they have been ie iif! Fay i g ‘a uniform vigilance 4 public opintan, to mit fee ~ jest, instead of its bursting into a flame, se> 3 i should consume. It is important, likewise, that the babits of thinking, in a free country, should inspire caution in those intrust- ed with its administration, to confine themselves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one department, to encroach upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends to ¢ou- solidate the powers of ail the departments in one, and thus to create, whatever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of love of power and roneness to abuse it which predominates in the human eart, is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exervise of po- litical power, by dividing and distributing it into differ ent depositories, and constituting each the guardian of the public weal, against invasions by the others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient and modern—some of them in our own country,and under our own eyes. ‘To proserve them must be @8 necessary as to institute them. If, inthe opinion of the people, the distribution or modification of the constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way which’ the constitution designates, But let there be nochange by usurpation, for though this, in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is (he customary weapon by which free governments are de- Stroyed. The precedent must always greatly over balance, in permanent evil, any partial or transient Denefit which the use can at any time yield. Ofall the dispositions and habits which lead to politi- cal prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism, who should labor to subvert these great pil- Jars of human happiness, these firmest props of the «du ties of men and citizens, The mere politician, equally with the pious man, ought to respect and cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with pub- Jie and private felicity. Let itsimply be asked, ger is the security for property, for repitation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are the instruments of investigation in courts of justice? ‘And let us with caution indulge the supposition that mo- rality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of rotined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principles. It ig substantially true that virtue or morglity isa necessary spring of popular government. The rulegin- deed, extends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who, that is asincere friend to it, can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the founda- tion of the fabric? Promote, then, as an object of primary importance, in- stitutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In pro- portionas the structure of @ government gives}force to Public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should ‘be enlightened. As a ver: important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use as sparingly as possible; avoiding occasions of ex- pense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently vent much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding jikewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions im time of peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may have occasioned; not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought to bear. Theexecution of these maxims belongs to your represen- tatives, but it is necessary that public opinion should co- ‘operate. To facilitate to them the performance of their duty, it is essential that you should practically bear in mind that towards the pgyment of debts there must be ; that to have revenue there must be taxes; that convenient and unpleasant; that the intrinsic embarras ment inseparable from the selection of the proper objects (which is always a choice of dificulties) ought to be a jocisive motive for a candid construction of the conduct pirit of acqui- of the government in making it and for nue, which the escence in the measures for obtainit public exigencies may at any time dictate. Observe good faith and justice towards ali nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all; religion and mo- rality enjoin this conduct; and can it be that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It willbe worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great nation, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel exam- ple of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. Who can doubt that in the course of time and things, the fruits of such plan would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by steady adherence to it? Can it be that Providence has not connected the permanent felicity of @ nation with its virtue? The experiment, at least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature, Alas, is it rendered impossible by its vices? In the execution of such a plan nothing is more essen- tial than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivat. ‘witnesses to the formation of two treaties—that with Great Britain and that with spain—which secure to them everything they could es respect to our foreign Fela: as, towards confirm: ‘ir prosperity. Will is ‘not be their wisdom to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the Union by which they were proeured? ‘Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers—if guch there are—who would sever them from their breth- en, and connect them with aliens? ‘To the efficacy and permanency of our Union, a govern- ment for the whole is indispensable. No alliance, how- ever strict between the parte, can be an adequate substi- tute; they must inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions which all alliances, in abl time, have expe- rienced. Sensible of this momentous truth, you have Amproved upon your first essay by the adoption of a con- stitution of government better calculated than your former for an intimate Union and for the efficacious ma- mnt of- your common concerns. This government, pce cet bed own choice, uninfiuencedand unawed, ‘upon full investigation’ and mature deliberation, completely free in ite principles, in the distribution of its uniting security with energy, and containing itself @ provision for its own amendment, has a claim to your confidence and your support. Respect its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in ite measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The basi our political sys- tem is the right of the people to make and toalter their constitutions of government; but the constitution which at any time exists till, changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, al} com- Dinations and associations, under whatever plausible character, with the real design to direct, control, coun teract, or awe the regular deliberation andaction of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this funda- mental principle, aud of fatal tendency. They serve to ‘organize faction, to give it an arttficin! and extraordj- nary force, to put in the place of the delegated will of the mation the will of a party, often small but artful and enterprising minority of’the community, and, accord. tug to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill- concerted and incongruous projects of faction, rather than the organ.of consistent and wholesome plans, di- gested by common counsels, and modified by mutual imtereste. However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to necome potent engines, by which eunning, ambitious and un- principled men will be enabled to subvert the power of ‘the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of go. verument, destroying, afterwards, the very engiucs which bad lifted them to unjust dominion. ‘Towards the preservation of your government and the permanency of your present happy state, it is requisite, ot only that you steatily discountenance irregular oppo: Sitions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you Fesist with care the spirit of innovation upon its princi: ples, however specious the pretexts. Une method of as- Sault may be to effect, im the forms of the constitution, alterations which wiil impatr the energy of the system an: thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown. real of the existing constitution of a country ; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere and opinion, exposes to perpetual change, from the endless varicty of hopothesis and opinion; and remember, especially, that for the efficient management of your common interests, in ® country #0 extensive as ours, a it of as much vigor ag f consistent with t security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty tteeif will find in such agovernment, with powers, Po ly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, little else than a name, w! eo feeble to withstand the iscriminations. [et me now take & moro comprehensive view, and warn you, in the most lemn manner, against the baneful effects of the spirit of iy. ‘This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our na- tare, having’ its root inthe strongest passions of the mind, It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or re- a ‘but in those of a, form it is seen in eee eerneee, oat is y their worst enemy. hyn pred one faction over iT, by the spirit of revenge natural to party dis. pag h: dng in different ages and ‘countries, ban horrid cnormities, is itself a this leads, at length, ton it despotiem. The disorders gradually incline the minds and repose in the absolute ‘idual ; and, sooner or later, the ling faction, more able or ‘more 8 competitors, turns this disposition elevation on the ruins of pub. extremity of this kind to be ent! out of mischiets of the spirit a the policy opinion that parties, in free countries, are wy the administration of the keep alive the apirit of liberty. archigal cet etieiom' may eee witb i ed. Thenation which indulges toward another an bitual hatred, or an habitual fondoess, is ‘in some de- greeasiave. It is a slave to its animosity or to its aflection, either of which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation against another disposes each more readily to offer in- gult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and intractable when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur. Henee frequent coilisions, obstinate, envenomed and bloody contests. The nation, prompted by ill will and vesentment, sometimes impels to war the government, contrary to the best calculations of policy. The gevern- ment —— ir ‘Rational py and adopts, sion, what r Teject St other tines it make tbe salmosity of te uation sub: servient to projects of hostility, instigated by pride, am- bition and other sinister and pernicious motives. The peace often,sometimes perhaps the liberty, of nations has been the victim. So, likewise, a passionate attachment of oné nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an im- aginary common interest iu cases where no real com- mon interest exists, and infusing into one the eumi- ties of the other, betrays the former into @ participa- tion in the quarrels and wars of the latter, without adequate inducement or justification. It leads ai to concessions to the favorite nation of privileges deuied to others, which is apt doubly to injure nation making the concessions, by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have been retained,and by exciting jea- lousy, iH will, and a disposition to retaliate in the par- ties from whom equal privileges are withheld; and it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded citizen (who devote themselves to the favorite nation) facility to be- tray or sacrifice the interest of their owna country without odium, sometimes even with popularity, gilding with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or @ laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption or infatuation. As avennes to foreign influence in innumerable ways such attachments are particularly alarming to the truiy enlightened and independent patriot. How raany oppor- tunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduction, to misiead public opinion, to influence or awe the public councils. Such an attachment-of @ small or weak towards a great and powerful nation dooms the former to be the satellite of the latter. Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I con- jure you to believe me, fellow citizens) the jealousy of ‘ free people ought to be constantly awake; since history and experience prove that foreign infiu- cence is one of the most baneful fces of repub- lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, must be impartial; else it becomes the instrument of the very influence to be avoided, instead of a deferice against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side, and serve to vei), and even second, the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots, who may resist the intrigues of the fa- vorite, are liable to become suspected and odious: while its tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the people to surrender their intereste. The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, im extending our commercial relations, to have with them as }:ttle politieal connection as possibie. are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, there- fore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her polities, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of ber friend- ships or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people under an efficient government, the period js not far off when we may defy material injury from external amnoy- ance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected, when belligerent nations, under the impossit te pnd acquisitions upos us, will not lightly hazard giving us provocation: when we may choore peace or war, as Our interest, guided by justice, ‘Why forego the advan' of 80 peculiar @ situation? Why quit our own to #1 upon foreign ground? Why interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, couangte our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, bumor or ca- icy to steer clear of permanent alli- ances with any portion of the foreign world; sofar J mean, as we are Dow at ee wo aan Elen not as capable zing ry to ex- ee bold the maxim o lees applicable private ‘affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those en; ments be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my Sg it is unnecessary, would be unwise, to extend ™ Taking care always to ourselves, snitad! establishments, oaet mathe defensive A we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extracrdinary emergencies. Harmony, a lieral intercourse with all nations; are recom Dy policy, ‘humanity and interest. But even our commercial policy should held an equal and impartial bead; neither seeking nor grauting clusive favors or os ar cab = ~ ae sig iversifying by gentle means, of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing, with powers so d , in order to give merceants and to. enable ry cd mito shoot , ° ‘Bu; them, conventional rules of intercourse, the beat ast circumstances and mutual opin: ‘will permit; and liable to be, from time to time, abandoned or varied, as experience and cir shall dictate; constantly Keeping in view that jt is folly {a one pation 10 look disinterested favors from an- command of its own fortunes. tion, I am unconscious of international error, 1am, never- ‘ble that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fe or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indi forty-five years of my life ded an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities, will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest. . actuated by that fervent love towards it which is 80 na- tural to @ man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progenitors for several generations, 1 anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat in which I pro- mise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoy- ment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a ment—the ever favorite object of my heart—and the happy reward, ag trust, of our mutual cares, labors aud dangers. would resume its session. the order in which they had entered. ed until Monday. Great Gathering of Dignitaries of State, brated here with a spirit which indicated that a grand display of patriotic enthusiasm would have been made but for the affecting event at the President's house. Bells were rung at sunrise, and from the guns at the Navy ‘Yard, Arsenal and forts immediately around the city there were loud reports, to which our batteries on the other side of the Potomac responded. Although it wa® Understood that the public rejoicings over our recent vic- ‘ories would be postponed vn account of the death of the President’s son, many of the citizens threw out their flags aud decorated their houses and places of Dusines® with national emblems. One gentleman, residing in Mleventh street, had the misfortune to hoist his flag leries were filled to overflowing, and the lobbies in all parte of the building to which the public had access were thronged with people of both sexes. Considerable disappointment the House voted to dispense with the presentation of the rebel fiags, but the arrival of the Judges of the Supreme Court, the Diplomatic Corps, General McClellan and other officers of the army and navy, consoled them. ‘When General McClellan made his appearance there was ‘marked sensation 1m the galleries and throughout the whole audience. The General Commanding was accom” panied by a large number of his staff and officers of the army. Colonels Colburn, Hudson, Sweitzer, Key, and Count de Paris and Duc de Chartres; Generals Franklin, McDowell, Jameson, Butterfield, Casey, Heintzelman, Stoneman, Keim, Barry, Butler, Marcy, Barnard, Thomas, Sykes, McCall, Williams, Palmer and Stab); and Commo- dore Wilkes, Commodore Aulick and other naval offi- cors, were present. fighting Generals wore the simple shoulder straps. Seve- ral wore epaulettes and full military toggery. General McClellan was attired as simply as possible, and made not the slightest attempt at personal display. order during the proceedings, alghough there was an oc- casional call for the “Corporal of the Guard,” reading of the Farewell Address was listened to with at. tention by the members of the House, to many of whom it seemed to be a new document. timents appeared to be unfamiliar to some of them, and it fell upon their ears with peculiar freshnees and force. cluded, and the invited guests upon the floor of the House arose to take their leave, some person in tho gal- Jery called out, in a clear voice, for ‘Three cheers for General George B. McClellan.”’ The audience, which was in the act of leaving the ball, were unprepared for the appeal, but they responded most heartily, and their spontaneous and heartfelt enthusiasm made the roof of cing that General McClellan has won tbe affections of the President was represented by his Secretary, Mr. Nicolay. Chief Justice Taney was absent on account of il] health. Four of the generals in the army of the Potomac in front of Washington were absent, viz., Porter, Blencker , Smith ‘The occasion was celebrated in Alexandria, where the Eighth Wimois cavalry and the companies of the Kighty- eighth Pennsytvania volunteers garrisoning the town paraded through the principal streets, and listened to the reading of Washington’s Farewell Address. ‘The reading of that immortal document was the moat Prominent feature of the celebration by all the regi- ments in the field. In every instance the scone was peculiarly impressive. The troops in the respective divi- sions were drawn up in line, and each man listened with marked attention. The patriotic enthusiasm aroused by the noble sentiments of the Father of hia Country was fully attested by the cheers which followed the reading of the Address, when the bands struck up patriotic and appropriate airs, and these, intermingled with the enthu- siastic cheers of the volunteers, rendered the scene @x- coedingly animated. Salutes were fired from the field batteries and from the forts along the whole line of our defences, the surround- ing country reverberating the booming of the cannon. Arumor prevailed that the rebels, agticipating the absence from their commands of our Generals in the Army of the Potomac, who had been invited to attend the grand celebration in Washington, would make an attack on our forces in front, hoping to counterbalance their recent disastrous defeats in other quarters by achieving @ victory on the Potomac; but those who were well posted in the situation of affairs discredited the rumor, which proved to be unfounded. Due precaution had been taken, and our troops were prepared to meet any overtures of the rebels for a battle. After the regiments had been dismissed, they amused themselveg in various ways. While daylight lasted tar- get shooting and numerous other outdoor sports were in- dulged in. Subsequently the men enjoyed themseives in their quarters in a more convivial manner. ‘The recent glorious victories of the Union arms, and the memories recalled by the recurrence of this anniver- ary of Washington’s natal day, have had a most in- spiriting effect upon our treops in the Army of the Poto- mac, who are now awaiting their opportunity to crush the rebels at Manassas and march victorious to Richmond. THE CELEBRATION ELSEWHERE, MARYLAND. Bairrmors, Feb. 22, 1862. Never in the history of Baltimore has there been such ademonstration as that to-day. Except the secession- ists, the entire population of the city has been in the Streets, testifying their respect for the day by the live- liest demonstrations of joy. American flags wore every- where displayed. Four different national salutes were fired from the four quarters of the city, and the ladies covered Washington Monument’s with wreaths and bou- quets of flowers. The military paraded in force, and ‘were reviewed by Major General Dix. Washington’s Farewell Address was read at several places, there being no hall large enough to contain the multitudes, giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect, or calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation. It is an illusion which experience must cure, which @ just pride ought to discard. offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of affectionate friend, I dare net bope they will Strong amd lasting impression I could wish; or prevent our nation from running the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of uations; but if 1 may even flatter myself that they may be productive of some ,80Me Occasional good ; that they may now ‘and then recur to moderate the fary of party spirit, to warn against the mischief of foreign intrigues, to guard against the impostures of pretended patriotism; this hope will be a (ull recompense for the solicitude for your weifare by which they have been dictated How far, to the discharge of my afficial duties, I have been guided by 4he principies which have been delineated, the public recorcs and: other evidences of my conduct wust witness to you and the world. To myself, the as- surance of my own conscience is that Ihave at least be lieved myself to be guided by them. In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my Proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the index to my Plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, aud by that of your representatives in both houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, unin. fluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, 1 was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had aright to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, aneu- tral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far should depend upon me, to maintain it with moderation, perseverance and firmness. ‘The considerations which respect the right to hold this conduct it is not necessary on this occasion to detail. I will only observe that, according to my understanding of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by aby sot the belligerent Powers, has been virtually admit- ted by all. The duty of holdinga neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations. The inducements of interest for observing that con- duct will best be rele sed to your own reflections aud experience, With me a ;.cdomfmant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and ma- ture its yet recent institutions, and to progress without interruption to that degree of strength and consistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the Though, in reviewing the incidents of my administra- theless, too sensible of my defects not to think it proba- ently beseech e Almighty to avert nce, and that, after d to its service with Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and free govern- PENNSYLVANIA. Purapetputa, Feb. 22, 1862. An immense amount of powder was expended here is morning in firing salutes in honor to the Birthday of Father of his Country.” red in the different sections of the city and from the Navy Yard at Camden, ‘The city is liberally decorated with bunting. Volunteers and Home Guards are mustering in all quar- ters of the city. A military inspection is to take place on Broad street, and the troops will be reviewed by the Governor, Legis- lature and other dignitaries, from the platform in front of the Academy of Music. Washington’s Farewell Address will be read at the Academy of Music in the evening. ‘The Governor, members of the Logislature, military officers and others will partake of a grand dinner at the Continental Hotel. ‘Ample preparations are making in all sections of the city for an illumination this evening. ‘The hote s, newspaper offices and Cornelius & Baker's store on Chestnut street will make a splendid display. ‘The military parade will be very large. It is supposed that 10,000 men will be under arms. Business is generally suspended. Chestnut street and Newspaper square, on Third street, are as light as day with brilliant illuminations, provided by the peraltty, “a rivate citizens. all newspaper offices, together with the American Telegrapb Company's office, are gaily festooned with flags, frit tr nies, &c. The gloom of the State House and the Hail of Independence was in relief to the dazzling light that met the eye from all points, though much sur- prise was expressed by citizens at this lack of patriotism on the part of the city officials. The State Legislature, together with the Governor and other State officials, are being entertained at the Conti. nental by the City Couneils in a splendid dinner. Ever: thing has unitedgo render this festive occasion extraor- dinarily pretent: The display of military was larger than ever before seen in this city, and the city has been crowded with people from all parts of the surrounding country. There was an unusual manifestation of plea- sure and rejoicing at the defeat of the rebellion. GEORGE WASHINGTON. Uniten Stas, September 17, 1796. When Mr. Forney finished, the Srmaxen said the House | {Bi* ‘The guests on the foor then began slowly to retire, in ‘The Srmaksr subsequently declared the House adjourn- ‘The presentation of flags was omitted THE CELEBRATION IN WASHINGTON. the Diplomatic Corps, and Superior Offi- cers of the Army and Navy at the Capi- tal—Spo: s Outburst of Enthusi- asm in favor of General McClellan—The Demonstrations of the People—The Cele- bration in the Camps, d&c., &c. Wasuincton , Feb. 22, 1962. ‘The anniversary of Washington’s Birthday was cele- Union down; but a party of soldiers who.were passing NEW er Feb. 22, 1862. called upon him and insisted upon his rectifying the error, ‘The Twanty-second was celebrated by a meeting of the whieh was immediately. citizeur, the Mayor presiding. Prayer was offered up by the Rev. 0. T. Walker, followed by the reading of the Jeff. Davis was hung to tree in effigy by the Sturgis | Farewell Address by R. H. Shreve. This afternoon there Rifles, and the spirit of secession, which still lurks in | isa grand anilttary parade. some corners of the capital, was entirely smothered. Washi '8 day cloked here with a splendid A few battalions of cavalry and infantry paraded, but igre ec or ince tke’ cite rial cae there was no general military display. principal stores and public buildings are beautifully ‘The Capitol was besieged at an early hour by great | decorated with flagr. crowds of men, women and children, anxious to get a Tie seem ave crvmded with ponpie: shes, wail sight of the rebel flags and the Union Generals. The gal- | Washington's ota tates) cueiicesea! tive with Birthday is being teclat. Thebells are ringing, guns firing, bunting &e ington’s Farewell Address will beread in the Town Hall. ‘To-night there will bea splnedid display of fireworks, a — illumination of the place and a torchlight pro- cession. yn Wi was apparent when NEW YORK. Grwexrort, Feb. 22, 1862. ‘Washington’s Birthday has been ‘more generally observed here to-day than ever before. Salutes were fired during the morning and the bells rung for several hours, The flag of our Union is floating from all parts of the village, and the shipping is gay with colors. The Suffolk Zimes publishing office is trimmed with ever- greene, and has portraits of George and Martha Washing- ton suspended on its front. The entire Fire Department is parading this afternoon. This celebration is the more noticeable as it is the result of no prearranged pro- gramme, but of the spontaneous feelings and patriotism of the community. ‘Washington’s Birthday is being fated Si ora as) 's lay is celebrated with great spirit and enthusiasm by the of this city. ‘The military display is good. A national galute was fired at twelve o’elock. Governor Morgan read Washington's Farewell Address inDr. Sprague’s church. Big Anthon delivered an eloquent oration in Twed- je Hall. ‘The telegraph office is handsomely illuminated this evening, and decorated with the red, white and blue. Burrato, Feb, 22, 1862. Washington's Birthday is being celebrated here in a most appropriate manner. The military and civic societios, and the citizens gene- rally, are marching through the streets. Ex-President Filmore is reading Washington’s Faro- well Address at Dr. Lord’s church, where other inter- esting ceremonies are also to take place. MICHIGAN. Detrorr, Feb. 22, 1862. ‘The day rordhcnerepaneinns y BS ~ Reg cannon, & grand procession, a general y of bunting through- out the city general suspension of business, and the read- ing of Washington’s Farewell Address. ‘All classes joined in patriotic observance of the day. It was a noticeable feature that nearly all the active ‘The crowds in the gallery maintained tolerable good The Its language and sen- When the readingof the Farewell Address was con. KENTUCKY. Lovvinix, Ky., Feb. 22 the Capitol ring. It was an unpremeditated and irre- | pe day, although quite stormy, has been celebrated pressible outburst of popular enthusiasm, plainly evin- | here by the firing of eaunon, boniires, fireworks and a military parade. . At the Court House Washi ' Farewell Ad- arese was read by Dr. T'S Bell ere Sie eras means eaten ees eee treatment rel a Amnesty for the subordisates at the close of the war. ‘The audience was large, and many ladies were present, Botwithstanding the inclemency of the weather. ‘The ‘and Sumner. Four candidates for the next Presidency ana, Feb. 22, 1862. were on the floor, attired in citizens’ dress. FL. Ms poor hi Retro: on ee guns on the ispersed slowly, some lingerin, i an ringing of bells. weather was how Mecdetahy es panes ene gloomy, but the streeia were densely throaged with People. closer view of Gen. McClellan, Secretary Stanton and other dignitaries, and some to Jook at the rebel flags in the rotunda. ‘The general impression of the people was, that they ‘were not satisfied with this recognition of our late victo- ries, and that when the proper time arrives they will celebrate the downfall of the rebellion in the most en- -night there is @ grand illumination. thusiastie manner, abd with much greater zeal than was et pe tcbndody = jer has prevailed possible in the rather tame proceedings of to-day. throughout the day. Notwithstanding the Bulletin issued by the members mesp 0s Sal Ga of the Cabinet, requesting our citizens to postpone the | ..7h‘tt sity was finely illtmivated, ‘The streets: were anticipated general illumination, ® number of buildings | thronged with people, who have been illumined this evening. Soon after dark many private residences, aad most of the places of amusement, INDIANA. were gaily decorated with fiags and Chinese lanterns, Cy) ahaa 22, 1862. ‘and the windows brilliantly lighted with candies. Al- are being held in all the churches. though rain was falling during the evening, the avenue aa | cu Wi ’a Farewell was crowded with pedestrians. The sky reflected the | Address was an airs "7 {lluminations in the camps. By nine o'clock, however: Salutes were fired at daylight and in the afternoon, the bright lights had disappeared from the windows of MISSOURI. the houses, the reflection of the fires in the encampments ote ot Wom = Feb. 22, 1862. bration 0 to-day was was invisible, and tho pedestrians bad for the most part ann ive, ~~ apy. pon fom retired to their homes. in the West; business was entirely suspended; the par- THE CELEBRATION IN THE CAMPS, ticipation ay a a ry ——_ scivorea, ent ate Washington's Birthday anniversary was universally | tended with & shiek Gnd salty abounded: everywhere’ observed to-day in the camps of our grand army | Business houses and residences along the line of the pro- a Gas Ror psec adem Seemed fo at Beans cnn ether to’ msie he finest dis. inclement. Rain fell in the forenoon and in the gyening, ’ while ibe aby remained oyergaat al) éay, «Ade proseenon wag compoont of apmey fre urreanns | troops , embracing infantry, artillery and cavalry, a lon Mas af oitlumne te naeriaaes wad oo enon Recoaeiant = jl hr te pote os ves different rail Y offices, and express companies, printing presses from parc) ater) ms ie BY echiuntex’s Raromen Ad: dress among the crowd, and hosts of devices repre. senting almost innumerable ideas. The sion was fully eight nearly two hours anda half in passing House; upwards of 50,000 persons must have participa- we the procession or thronged the streets along ite route. ‘The day of festivities will close with an oration, the reading of Washington’s Farewell Address and singing of patriotic ‘at the Mercantile Library Hall to-night, where ‘General Halleck and staff will be in attendence. The utmost good order and decorum prevailed through- out the entire day. CONNECTICUT. ‘New Haven, Conn, Feb. 22, 1862. A large national banner was this morning presented to Mrs. Commodore Foote by the students of Yale College. ‘The presentation was made by L. T. Chamberlain, Esq., of the class of 1853, with appropriate remarks. An eloquent response, in behalf of Mrs. Foote, was made by Peletiab Perit, Esq. a of thirteen guus was fired during the presenta- Danwory, Conn. Feb. 22, 1862. Washington’s Birthday was enthusiastically celebrated here by the ringing of bells, fring of cannon, reading the Address and public speaking. . RHODE ISLAND. Provipgnce, Feb. 22, 1862. A large public meeting is being held this forenoon at the First Baptist church. Lieutenant Governor Arnold is reading the Farewell Addross of Washington to the American people. Governor Sprague and his staif and an immense audi- dience are in attendance. is to bea splendid military display this afternoon, MASSACHUSETTS. ‘Boston, Feb. 22, 1862. Business is generally suspended to-day. Hon, George | }. Hilliard read Washington’s Farewell Address in euil Hall. The old ‘«Cradle of Liberty” eames with an audience full of patriotism and thank- ‘So impreasive a demonstration has not before been witnessed since the British evacuated Boston. National salutes have been fired, bells rung, and the Stars and Stripes float from the public buildings and many private edifices. MAINE. ras, Feb. 22, 1862. Bre. ‘The anniversary of the Birthday of Washington is be- ing most apprepriately celebrated in this city. Our streets are decorated with flags, and business is generally suspended. One hundred guns were fired at noon, and all the bells of the city were rung. Ata large mass meeting, Wachington’s Farewell Ad- dress was read by Ex-Governor Crosby. cad exercises pertinent to the occasion also took place. IMPORTANT FROM TENNESSEE. Flag Officer Foote’s Official Report ¢ j the Capture of Clarksville. What the Hon. Cave Tohnsor | Recommended. } THE UNION SENTIMENT IN TENNESSEE VANDALISM OF THE REBELS. NASHVILLE TO BE DEFENDED SICKNESS OF GENERAL BEAUREGARD, es Key. de. OFFICIAL REPORT OF FLAG OFFICER A ¢ H. FOOTE. CLARRSviLtE, Tenn., Feb. 20, 1862. Hon. Gipron Was, Secretary of the Navy :— We have possession of Clarksville. The citizons being alarmed, two-thirds of them have fled,and having ex pressed my views and intentions to the Mayor, and Hon Cave Johnson, at their request I have issued a proclamation assuring all peaceably disposed persons that they may with safdy resume their business avocations, requiring only the military stores and equipments to be given up, and hold. a ing the authorities responsible that this shall be done without reservation. I left Fort Donelson yesterday with the Conestoga, | Lieutenant Commanding Phelps, and the Cairo, Lieutenant Commanding Bryant, on an armed reconnoissance, bring- ing with me Colonel Webster, of thb engineer corps, and chief of General Grant’s staff, who, with Lieutenant Com- manding Phelps, took possession and hoisted the Union flag at Clarksville, i A Union sentiment manifested ilself as we came up the river. e bse | ‘The rebels have retreated to Nashville, having set fre, | against the remonstrances of the citizens, to the splendid railroad bridge across the Cumberland. river. Ireturn to Fort Donelson to-day for another gunboat and six or eight mortar boats, with which I propose to proceed up the Cumberland. The rebels all have a terror of the gunboats. One of them,ashort distance above Fort Donelson, had previously fired an iron rolling mill, belonging to Hon. John Bell, which had been used by tho rebels. A. H. FOOTE, Flag Officer commanding Naval Forces Western Waters. i MILITARY MOVEMENTS. Arrival of the Eighty-first New York Re- giment. The Kighty-first regiment New York Volunteers, under command of Colonel Edwin Rose, arrived in this city yes- terday morning from Albany. They are quartered at the Park barracks, and are to be provided with Enfield rifles from the State armory, Tuirty-fifth stroet. ; The following is a list of the principal officers:— Colonel, Edwin Rose; Lieutenant Colonel, Jacob J. De Forest; Major, John McAmberly; Adjutant, Edward A. Cooke; Quartermaster, P. A. Francis; Surgeon, Wm. H. Rice, M. D.; Assistant Surgeon, Carrington McFarlane, M. D.; Chaplain, David McFarland; Sergeant Major, James L. Belaen; Quartermaster Sergeant, J. F. Young; Com- missary Sergeant, Newell H. Gilbert; Hospital Steward, Charies S. Hart; Drum Major, Wax S. Winters; Fife Major, Henry Hunt. Kine Officers—Company A, Captain Wm. C. Raulston; Company B, Captain Augustus G. Bennet: Company C; Captain G. W. Berriman; Company D, Captain John &. Ed. wards, Jr.; Company E, Captain Edward 8. Coo! pany F, Captain T. Dwight Stow; Company G, Captain Henry C. Thompson; Company H, Captain John B. Raul- ston; Company K, Captain J. Dorman Steele. CLARKSVILLE, Tenn. , Feb. 21, 1862. Commodore Foote has advanced up the Cumberland, with the gunboats Conestoga and Cairo, to this point. The fortifications on each side of Red river were do- stroyed, and the greater portion of tho inhabitants have. | fled. White flags are Oying in every direction. On the approach of the gunboats, the railroad bridges: over the Cumberland and Red rivers were set on fire, and that over Red river destroyed. The other is but little damaged. Commodore Foote issued a proclamation for the people- _ to return to their business. Thereare a large amount of rebel stores here, Arrival of the Thirtcenth Maine Regi. ment En Route to Join General Butler's Division at Ship Island. Six companies of this regiment arrived here this morning at about eight o’clock, by the Bay State, and proceeded on board the Fulton, They will remain on board until joined by a regiment from Connecticut (the Ninth). The appearance of the men is as good as any we have yet seen from this State, celebrated as it is for tho fine bodies of men it has sent forth to battle for their country’s flag. Their Colonel is the celebrated tempe- rance man ‘‘Neal Dow,” and the regiment is styled the ‘Temperance’ regiment. During the five months that the regiment was encamped at Augusta, near Kennbec Arsenal, there were but twelve disorderly men placed in the guardhouse, and the regiment bears the highest, name for its oe soldierly conduct. The regiment was ited on ‘d this morning with a handsome wt of colors, forwarded by the ‘‘Sons of Maine;” like- wise a fine field glass, bY the samo donors, to the Colonel. The presentation address was made by Mr. Dexter A. REBEL ACCOUNTS. {Telegram to the Richmond Enquirer, Feb. 20.] GENERALS PILLOW, FLOYD AND BUCKNER CUT THEIR: WAY THROUGH THE FEDERAL LINES. Avavsta, Feb. 19, 186. Passengers who reached bere from Nashville to-night, assert that Brigadier Generals Pillow, Floyd and Buckner, after a galiant defence of two days, cut their way through ‘he enemy,and are in the neighborhood of Nashville. General A. S. Johnston was at Gallatin, and had no idea of surrendering Nashville, ' {The passengers must have left Nashville early Tues- day morning, provided they made all » in order to reach Augusta on Wednesday night. news eee ie omnes — purpose by the mare they communicate there is up to Tuesday morning.) . This div it Is under the’ command of Lieutenant Colonel H. Rush, while ae ee [From the Richmond Enquirer, Feb. 20.} At the time of writing this we have received no des- patches from the West. If, at a later hour, any should come, they will be found in the telegraphic eolumn. A despatch was, however, received here yesterday from an officer in the Quartermaster’s Department, dated at Cleveland, in Tennessee. This is ® point near Chatta- nooga, and is in railroad connection with Nashville. The despatch states that Generals Johnston, Pillow and Buckney were at Nashville, with a large force, and had made a stand. The commissary stores were represented asall safe. ‘This statement seems so reasonabie in all its parts, that, in the absence of more direct information, we build strong hopes upon it. The telegraph must surely be down between Cleveland and Nashville, as we receive no news from the latter, where we most naturally expect it. the Colonel, went in the regiment arrives, both ssienonen oot denen arrives, wi at once to their de- stination. The following is the roster of the regiment:— pyomcenme =e Dow , Portland. Lieutenant Colonel—Henry Rust, Jr., Norway. Major—Frank S. Hosseltine, Bangor. Adjutant—Frederic Speed , Gorham. "termaster—David 8. Stinson, Aubarn. Surgeon—James M. Bates, Yarmouth. Assistant Surgeon—Seth C. Gordon, Gorham. Chaplain—Henry D. Moore, Portland. Sergeant Major—Edward H. Wilson, Cumberland. Quartermaster’s Sergeant—Wayne W. Blossom , Turner. Comm! Sergeant—George W. Dow, Portland. Hospital Steward—Simeon A. Evans, Fryeburg. ‘Line Officers. Company A—Captain, Frederic A. Stevens, Bangor; First Lieutenant, William H. H. Walker, Hampden: Second Lieutenant, George E. Moulton, Westbrook. Company B—Captain, William B, Snell, Fairfield; First Tenens, fio a Loring, Norridgewock; Second DISASTERS AT FORT DONELSON. tenant, Joseph B. Corson, Canaan. [From the Richmond Enquirer, Feb. 20.] Company C—Captain, Alfred E. Buck, Lewiston; First piveey. om U. Whiting, Newport; Second Lieu- | Very fow of our readers, we presume, placed much tenant, John 8. P. Ham, Lewiston. confidence in the Northern reports which have reached Company D—Captain, Charles A Bates, Norridgewoek: | us py fing of truce from Fortress Monroe, in regard tc First Lieutenant, Almon L. Varne Brunswick; Becond Lieutenant, James H. Witherell, » ‘orridgewock. Isaac F. Quinby, Portiand; First Company in, Lieutenant, Morrill P. Smith, Wilton; Second Lieutenant, the number of Confederate prisoners taken at Fort Donel- son, We find, however, that the Yankee report of fifeer thousand prisoners being taken is not much greater than the William A. Brainerd, Farmington. Company PCaptain, Charlee R: March, Portland; First | report which has ollained currency in some portions of th! Lieutenant, Waldo A.’ Blossom, Turner; Second’ Lieu. | South. tenant, John H. Sherburne, Portiand. Company in, Joshua L. Sawyer, Portland; Firat Lieutenant, Aaron Ring, Wertbrook; Second Lieu- tenant, William 7. Smith, Augusta, y H—Captain, Abernethy Grover, Albany; First Lieutenant, Augustine W. Clough, Portland; Second Lieu- tenant, Enoch Foster, Jr., Newry. 7—Capiain, Stillman C. Archer, Cherryfield; First Lieutenant, Isaiah Randall, Portland; Second Lieu- tenant, William C. Cushing, Winterport. Company K—Captain, William R. Swan, Paris; First Lieutenant, Amos G. Goodwin, Biddeford; Second Lieu- ‘The following telegraphic despatch was published ir the Columbus (Ga.) Znquirer of the 18th inst. and alec in the Augusta (Ga.) papers of the same date:— Coromace, Ga., Feb. 17, 1862. ‘The Lange, Morey erneinrh sap 2 here early thit morning, causing intense anxiety and excitement :— Cuattanooca, Feb. 17, 1862. has been taken, with 13 rates: Nashville bas surrendered. Later hes from Shelbyville confirm the taking of Nashville by the fede } rn ld. raliste. tenant, Melville CG. Linscott, Readfield. capstan a Tet ot The New York and Rhode Island | vate individuals should find their way into mewspaper: Batteries: in the South. Nashville has not been surrendered, nor + there the slightest evidence, to far, to sustain the satemer as to the capture of 18,000 Confederate solders. SICKNESS OF GEN. BEAUREGARD. (From the Charleston Courier, Feb. 17.) ‘With deep regret we learn that General Beauregard i: sick, in Nashville, of typhoid fever or sore throat. W - understand that prayers were offered up in our severa churches yesterday, commending him to the Divin protection. Cumberland Gap and Russellville in Pos session of the Federal Forces. Loursviix, Ky. , Feb. 22, 1862. ‘The Cumberland Gap and Russellville, Ky.,aro in pot session of the Union forces. Colonel Bliss, the Superintendent of the New York Volunteer depot in this city and district, has detailed Surgeon Goodrich, of the 102d regiment, New York State Volunteers, as medical officer, to take charge of the New York and Khode Island batteries, on board the Charter Oak, bound for Port Royal. The Charter Oak sailed yes- terday with five hundred troops on board. Second Regiment, New York State MiMtia. Captain James J. Delancy, reeruiting officer for this re- giment, im addition to the armory, has recently opened a down town rendezvous, corner of Canal street and Bow- ery, under the Citizens’ Bank. News from the Bahamas. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP KARNAK. By the steamer Karnak, which arrived at this port on Friday, we have dates from Nassau to the 17th of February. ‘The Southern steamer Nelly arrived at Nassau from Charleston during the night of the 11th of February, ‘with a cargo of cotton. She left that port on Saturday last, 8th inst., and brought news to that date. ‘The rebel steamer Kate had also arrived, and sailed again. ‘The Guardian has the following concerning the Con. The Fort Donelson Prisoners. Cmcaco, Feb. 22, 1862. Four thousand Fort Donelson prisoners have already ar Tived at Camp Douglas, Two thousand more will arriv Leccamanrr cays Inpianarous, Ind., Feb. 22, 1862. Twelve hundred of the Fort Donelson prisoners arrive hore this afternoon. Eighteen hundred more will arrtv tomorrow. General Buckner and staffand Capt. Morto are en route to this place. queror:—We regret to state that her Majesty's ship Con- querer has completely broken up, Perit vemained General B: © Delivered Over to th above water when the Stoady left was her bowsprit and United States Marshal. ssseens be. os long as aa vessel ovul be sppeteatea, big cod eure Dut on the 16th the gea was breaking so heavily that the | General Buckner has been delivered to the Unite, ‘oats could not again get m her, and on the 19th, the ship gave evi ‘Sunday States Marshal, @ warrant issued by Justice Catror jent symptoms of break’ “x wf } He will be taken to Kentucky to stand his ‘wind on th) up.’ The mizen mast wont over the side in a erty of the day, the main at about five | charge of treason. erclock, und on Monday morning it wag found that the foremast had also gone the after part of Sailing of the rica. So he. were still "ae The aut S ey reat arog ped bopt 5 e ship on saile Qhere'the struck, her bew a to beaemly ‘ined'ca | ‘The America arrived from Boston at four and for Liverpool at eight o'clock P. M. yesterday. No signs of the Canada, Weather clear. the bottom, and alshough it stood most of the sea, it is atill to be seen a little above water. ‘The beach is strewn with her timbers in all directions, News from San Francisco. San Francisco, Cal., Feb. 20, 1862. Arrived brig Mary Capen, from Boston, Sailed sbi) Europe, for Shanghne, FOF Aang, sy Francisco, Feb, 21, 1868, | ‘The steamer Golden Age sailed to-day for Panama, wit $670,000 in treasure for New York, and $360,000 for Bay land. She bas bus few passengers,