The New York Herald Newspaper, September 22, 1861, Page 4

» 2 PRINCE NAPOLEON ON THE WAR, HIS THIRD LETTER. Sketches and Deseriptions of the Generals and Armies on Both Skles—Importanee of West Point—The Spirit North and South, Ree & &e ‘Translated for the New Yors flenaup from the Opinion Nationale, Sept, 4.) Wasuixoron, Avguet 16, 1861, I spoke in my last letter of tho governmental elo- ment ip the United States, which I have found inf- citely inferior to the important mission confided to it, T shal! speak tocay of an clement differing essentially from it, and to which (he events transpiring in America at this moment have suddenly g a very great preponderance Imean the military element, of which Generals Scott, MoOlellan and McDowell im the Northern army, and Doavregard and Jobnston in the Southern army, are the highost and completest personification, I shall begin by als. ocoupy ing myself with the first named ¢ GENERAL SCOTT. Scott ts a man of enormous height and eorpa- General lence, aged about seventy-five years, gouty, woru almost ended, Ho Is Lieutenant General, a grade corres ponding to that of Marshal, and to which 's attached the Permanent command of the regular artay in pine of poace ‘Ag well as iu time of war. In the United States there Is but one Lieutenant General, and he is in perpetuity Com- mander-in-Chief of the army, a sort of war n.lnieter for Life, while the Cabinet officer, who has the title of Minister of War, is more specially charged with the military ad- ministration, General Scott, therefore, directs all the operations of the present war, just as in France the Minister of War dirocts the armies in the eld commanded by generals-in-chief, General Scott is, or rather has been—for I repeat he bus the air of ® man whose career is onded—a true gentioman, the manner of an “English general, well edu- cated, enlightened, and belonging, as well by his age as his inanners, to quite a diiferent generation than the pre- sent one, He has never cor any but the regular army, in contrast to the militia, It was at the head of the regular ormy that, in 1847, ho made thesplendid cam- paign of Mexico, landed at Vera Cruz, marehed on the eapi- tal, which he seized after an obstinate battle, while Gene- ral Taylor, ou the frontiers of Texas, and at the head of Buena Vista, e has, Lesides, au ex- American militia, won'fho victory « ral Scott, who is a very gallant ion cessive self love; his countrymen have so often compar ed him to Napoleon that the ¢: myparison has ended by making some impression on He likes to reeull the fact that he hus Lever Veen defeated, and even that, in his military carcer the enemy hus never taken fron him either a detachment or a post. GEN. M'CLYLLAN. General McClellan commanded, some days ago, in V ern Virginia, a province half subjected and half revoltet. Charged with the duty of pacifying it, he acquitted him self of that mission the gre OF the two secessionist generals who opposed him one was taken with his whole column, the other was killed and his troops dispersed. These successes, which American ex aggeration bas transformed into great victories, have given from day to dayan immense popularity to MeClel" lap. Yousee his name at New York on placards, on ban- pers, in the newspaper headings, with the phrase “MecClellan—two victories in one day.” — Aftet the battio of Bull run, to which I shall again refer, the President called McClellan to the com. mand of the conquered and demoralized army. He bas, therefore, under bis orders at this moment the troops reassembled on the Potomac, from Harper's Ferry tothe sea, He has the title of General of Division—Ma. Jor General—a position which corresponds to that of General of Division, baving commanded, or commanding, a corps of the army. There are at present only two ollicers of that grade in the United States—Me celebrated traveller known un Fremont, who has once been a candidate for the Presi- dency. ite commands the small federal army which ope- ust the secessionists in the Mississippi valley, in the State of Missouri, around St. Louis. It is, there fore, in the hands of General McClellan that the North has placed its military destimies, and the care of avenging the shameful ‘defeat of ‘Bull run. The connections of General McClellan with General Scott Gre almost those of a general of the army with the Minis ter of War. General Met A pupil of West Point Academy, is a man of thirty five years of age, very small in stature, with black b e8, an “intelli gent, open and most €,and a simple and modest bearin, s in the street in Paris y French officer of enzincers or of artillery. jest success. uid you sve bin pi certainly take bim to be a General MeDo amonGs ail the troops on the right bank of the Potomac. Hoe 's a man of forty two years, tall and large. His face is not particularly tine, but it remarkal'y open aad sympathetic, through ils air of frankness snd kindness. Tf McC Dowell re dread ro: lan resembles one of our engineer oMcers Ale mbks one of our infantry officers. Did Fuot cing to puerile shades the search for resem blances and assimilations, } sho y that McDowell has the type cf a chief of battalion « sours. His conversation, his character and his principles are sull superior to his appoarance, favurab! tat is. He is one of the honestest, truest, simplest men that you can meet. He sustatned a terrible check at Buil run, and he speaks of it without bitterness, without recrimination, with an accent of sincerity and an elevation of sentiments that do him the greatest honor. supreme command in con! be has seon McClellan, his fellow student at West Point) younger than himself’ by several years, inherit his jonors, his position and his growitg popularity, Ho has taken, without complaint and without murmur, an inferior place under him whose missiou it is to reps misfortune attached to his name. Well, no one ¢ that McDowell will be the most submissive, most devoted of McClellan's lentenants, McPowe besides, a reputation in the army of being a ort of stoic philo. ‘opher—a reputation ‘sought afler and more or less deserved by a certain number of West Point pupils. Ho drinks neither wine, tea nor coffee, does not smoke, and bas habits of sobriety and self-denial quite in keeping with his Puritan principles. WES? POINT ACADEMY. I bave already referred several times to West Point. ‘That establishment, the pride of the United States, occu- Pies @ position between our military school of St. Cyr and our Polytechnic school. It impresses on thoso (ortned by ft a distinct character, which makes of them a separate class in the midst of the three great American divisions— the Yankeo-, the Virginians and the Western men. The West Point pupil speaks foreign languages, French prin- cipally. He lias been brought up, in regard to literature, science and military art, in the culture of the great Euro- pean models. So he is a stranger to that narrow and mis- taken patrictism, that puerile vanity, which concentrates all the ideas, the stedies and the admiration of Ameri- cans upon Amorica. ‘The study are, sciences and abstract mathematics inspires him with # taste for disinterested speculation; and the military profession which he embraces, without stifling his liberal instincts, imprints on him ideas of or- der, of rank, of respect for social or moral superioritics, little known to the rest of his countrymen. a stran- ger's eye these fundamental differctices are interpreted yy an absolute contrast in manners. The Wost Point pupil is polished, reserved, He knows generally the art of appearing modest, and of making himself esteemed by & skilful simplicity.” He knows how to conform to the usages and habits of the strangers with whom he comes in contact; practices all the rules of the most scrupu- lous urbanity, with a certain admixture of republi- can boldness, which lacks neither charm nor distinction. It required the test of civil war, of governmental ai archy, and of the humiliating position in which the peo- ple of the United States find themselves at thie moment in the fac of tho rest of the world, toshow rising to the first Tank quite @ pleiad of new men formed by West Point, fom belonging to the regular army, others having be: ee gen onan almost uniform type. Jt *, at first on the mililary sage that they appear, but eve one feels that they wil! not be long in ‘pantagen to the polite, ome. verse, a JEPFERSON DAVIS. The South has already chosen @ West Point man, Joffer son Davis, for President; for West Point is ¢ the rest of the nation, and farnishes chiefs to both par. ties. Generals Beauregard and Johnston are at tho Lead of the seccsin movement; McClellan and McDowell are the Union heroes, and their names take the place in every one's mouth of these politicians whose weakness and inca- pacity have brought the United States to the brink of an ‘he war appears to be between comrades, In Western Sirsinle Met ellan bas had to eperaie against two West oi companions,one of whom, as kailled and the other made prisoner sibs ne regard and McClellan, military leaders of the two Opposing parties, wore not only companions but intimate friends. When Beaurogard went to the North he went to no other house than MeCiellan’s, and when Me'Clellan went stayed with noone but Beauregard eile a are acquainted in the most manner, and sotiments of chivalrous estecm a) almost every bere in both camps, for former fr: become implacatie enemies. Such are the men wh: calls to direct the great revolution which at this taoment upturns the United States, aud which will propably eud in reforming them. THE HOSTILE anstres, T pass now to the detaila I promise you of the armies facing each other. The federal troops assembled on the line of the Poto- mac are composed of the following sections — 1. At Har rry, twenty-five leagues (seventy-five miles) abo luington, where the Alleghanien do. vouch, @ corpe ‘ht to ten thousand men. 2. Four leayves above Washington, and on tho left bank, a corps bridge thrown 3. In the re x to eight thousand mon protects a comac. gton, in Maryland, reserves or ned as far as Baltimore, om, on the right bank, a corps of emy,catting bim off from the 4nd relieving the representatives of mnilietion Of seeing trom the win- 1° Capitol the smoke of secession bivouscs. a ‘THE DEFENCES OF WABHINOTON. Tho positions occupied by tbe federal troche penne bank of the Potomac embyace a frout ey eres ‘Weagues parallel to the river, which lies to » On the right they are supported by heights of inconsiderable eminence, ariingion ‘Heights, and on the left by the little city of Alexandr Between those two resist: masses strotches a low, wooded, broken country, into which leads the only rogu- lar cenmainntion anid is _— i oe ae be banks to Washington—tha : Jargo wooden bridge, twenty-five hundred yards Jong. From Arlington to Alexandria the position ts forti- fied by fled works, redoubis, redaus, batteries and abat- tis, constructed with a nes deal ij caro and ped ee pieces taken from ave a pper ferrosch ure defended by a tete sone, flanked at some distance by a lange closed redoubt, Finally, the outposts nged aud sufficiently supported, are enabled to fF ontermost ots at a distance of three leagues wt least from the Ii All that is generally well serious re- proper. contrived, and presents all the elements bislance, ARMY ORGANIZATION. Cavalry is very scanty, As to field artillery, there 8 scarcely any to be seen, which proves that the losses in the battle of Bull ron have not yet beon repaired, ‘There remains, then, the tn- fantry, edcamped in an irregular, but sufficiently com- fortable manner. In a former letter I spoke of the volun. toer organt », and I need moh -seeare to eboerivd maiiiary bearing is very indifferent, ing as mucl antl of the mos, eho appear to be strangers to the dutves of miliary cleon!ines and the keeping of theirarms, as to the prnverlesrncss of the administration, which is far from hav- ang compleied in 3 proper manner the mode of furnishing clothing, caps and shoe, naructin of the soldier 43 very indifferent, almost mg. en J do not believe they are actively occu pled will it. Ingeneral, the appearance of the camps is ead. due as meh to their sombre color and bad coudt- erials as to the attitude even of the men, ¥, Without animation and without cheer- TRE BATTLE GROUND. Retwoen the two armies stretches an unoccupied and, to some extent, neutral zone, which separates them. This portion of Virginia is dreary and monotonous; the ‘tly undulating, preseots nothing as far as the a reach but woods, interspersed with clearings and afew country houses, the greater part of which boar traces of receut devastatic 1k SOUTHERN ARMY. Al Ove leagues from Alexanuria the frst videttes of tho Seuthers army are met with. Farther on, Fairfax, an advanced position, is occupied by considerable forces, Coloned Stuart commands the camp. Finally the bulk of the Sonthern forces is posted at Manassas, the approaches to which are defended in a very formidable manver. At Orst sight an idea may be formed of the secession soldiers’ exterior. The question of uniform, not fully solved in the North, is not thought of at all at the South. ould ®eem that the attempts at aniform have not got ho dietribution among some corps of a kind of h, manufactured in Virginia, jar uniform or fancy, aro all miition; the soldier, nevertheless, pre- serves beneath his rags, an aspect sufficiently martial, and perfect order reigns in the camp and at the posts. THE SOUTHERN CAVALRY. strikes one most is the eavairy, which is ver; vadmirably mounted, and composed It is plain, nv tho first glance, landowners, tht their horses ar@ accustomed, if not to arms, vob y life, moro pictureaquo than thee South: wear the most imporrible costumes, Bos ides, not ern Without crowns, boots without soles, with an ai horoie bearing that Don Cwsar do Bazan would have en- vied, Aud sinco those ragged cavaliers have as fine, i aves as their horses are magnificent, with great daring, one is filed with 4 we wimire the fantastic figures of the by Salvator Rosa, THE SOUTUERN STAFF OFFICERS. ‘Tho staffs of the gonerals in chief (Beauregard and a If the United States were not epublie, L would say that these stalls are comporod of ower of the ‘horn nobility, Most of them pos: sess enormous fortunes, Disinterested in this civil war, a stranger to the luatreds, the passions and the interests which have iu- dit, } could not feel otherwise than touched at the ht of some of these white moustached men of military, aristucratic bearing and distinguished manners, who have left their families, their firesides and high social positions to serye as aids in the rudest of wars, to young generals, hitherto unknown, PIT OF BOTH ARMIES. ie that there is much more pagsion and rs of the Southern than among those of the Northern army. It is insisted in the secession camp Uhat this ardor, this disinterested devotion to the common cause, are shared by tho soldiers; that in the South they serve through honor aud convictio ng the forerals the soldier knows no other allu than pay, no other impulse than that of want—the best recruiting officer among the populations gf the large cities Certainly it is going too far to general a fact which may be true to some extent. Individual bravery is incon textally superior in the Confederate camp; but the Uni crmy makes up for Uns disadvantage ly a more advanced military croanization and. knovledge, at least among the soldiers; 26 that matters being almest equaily balanced tt is dificult enongh to foresee towards which the fortune of war will inchipe. ILisdrue the victory of Bu to the highest pitch the eon! sont Tue It is incontest ardor among the o of a nature toexcite ence and enthusiasm of the ro men, but T find it impossible to see iu the re- al, Which coudemn one side to bow the head beneath tible ascendancy of the victor. These men, are nea: ly of the samo race, or the same mixed races, und, despite the divergence of ‘opinions, they have vcommon fund of ideas, manners and feelings, which Joes not permit a line to ‘be drawn through the thirtieth Jogree of latitude, and to have it said: All that is north of line is inferior to all that is south of it. to estimate the event of July 21 we must leave a wide 1 for the local incidents, the chance and unexpect- nters on the fold cf Dato, the unforeseen events e bold of the imaginations of the masses—ail 'y causes which operate ou the war by so much the more as the armics have less experience, discipline and knowledge, GENERAL BEAUREGARD. Thave told you of the gnerais commanding the North- erparmy. The details which Tsend you would be incom. pete were T not to speak also of those who command the Southern army—Genorals Beauregard and Johaston, General Beauregard is of Freach origin, that is to say, his family emigraied from France to Canada about a bun: dived and Dfty years suce. His father left the English colony to become a citizen of the United States, and sot- Ued in New Orleans. He there changed his religion, ab- Protestantism and embracing Catholicity, which ts jon of the Gevoral and his family. “A pupil of West Point, Beauregard was a Lieutenant Colonel in the ular army when the war broke out. He had just been appointed Superintendent of the West Point Academy, The government of his State, Louisiana, recalled him, made him Jeave the federal army, and President Jefferson Davis immediately conferred upon him tho rank of Gene- ral and the command of the troops at Charles. ton, We know that. that command gave him the opportunity of firing tho first cannon — shot which rent the flag of the thirty-four stars. He bombarded and took Fort Sumter, a success which chieved him an immense popularity.” When the seces- army formed to march on Washington Beauregard invested with the grade of General of Division— Major General. Beauregard {s forty years of age. He is small, brown, thin, extremely vigorous, although his fea- tures wear a@ tired expression, aud his hair has whitened prematurely. Face, physiognomy, tongue, accent, evory- thing about bim is French. His bravery is great and up- doniable, and everything denotes in him, if not a supe- rior general intelligence, at least a very remarkable mili- tary aptitude. ie is quick, @ littl abrupt, and although well educated and distinguished in his manners, he must sometimes offend, lees by what ho says than by his manner of saying it. Perhaps he does not repress with snfficient care the mani- festations of an ardent personality which knows its worth, and to which an tmmenge military success may ‘have given @ legitimate — self-confidence. Ho is extremely impassioned in the defence of the cause which he serves; at least, he takes less care to conceal his passion under a calm’and cold exterior than do most of his comrades of either army. To sum up all, the South has found in him a man of an uncommon ardor, a ceaseless activity aud indomitable power of will—charac- ters ty which we the men destined lo win batiles and to lead partise, GENERAL JOHNSTON. General Johnston, also § Popl, of West Point, is a little older than Beauregard, and was Colonel in theregular army at the period of secession. He served very bril- Hiantly ju the Mexican campaign, and enjoys in the United ‘States a great reputation for capacity and probity. An extreme reserve, a modesty no jess great, causo a sort of sadness to appear to paralyze in him the brilliant qualt- Lies which every one recognizes in him; but place him in the feld of battle, and then the true warrior reappears in him as if by enchantment, ‘These are the two men who command the Southern army. Tsay “whe command,” beeatse in truth it is pretty dif it to say which of the two is in possession Of the veritable chief command. Both have the same grade, and it appears that, either through right of seniority or in consequence of a special commissicu, Jobneton is, i the camp at Manassas, the superior of Beauregard; and aS notwithstanding the presence of Jobnston at the battle of Bull ran, tt is admit. ted by every one—by Benuregard first, and afterwards by Jobpston—that it was B who conducted the bottle, and has all the hopors of the victory, It has been expinined to me that Johnston, having arrived only the previous evening at Manaseas With ® portion of his troops, did not assume the supreme command til the day after the fight, and acted on that coy merely as a support’ to his colleaguo. But these are shaiows which only a military man can seize, for these attributes of rank and the constitution of command form the obscurest part of the military or- ganization of Americans. For the foreigner, whom theso professional questions do not interest—who is content with hearing what may be told him and with seving what may be shown bim=-Heauregard is the Southern com- man‘ler-in-ebief. It is he who gained the battle of Bull ron, and it i@ he who will gain the next battle that will be fought. SOUTHERN SENTIMENT. 1 shall soon, am have leisure to write to somo words on the manner in which” the Scoessiovists look upom their situati To-da 1 can cnly report to you {t8 most salient features, They affoct to set aside 68 questions that aro secondary, ended, adjudicated or reserved, theae of slavery, of ta’ Tiils, of Lincoln's election, even that of the right of seces- sion. They raise the question to ® height which appears | them unapproachable to all discussion or controversy. Th have vowed a tal hatred against the North, and ke an impiacvble war against ft, becanse tho nvaded their territory, their native soil, arms and because they have to defend against it their their honor and their liberty. From the Gene. n-Chief down to the humblest soldier, all, with a remarkable unanimity, hold the game’ language, That appears to be the party watelword; per haps 1 ought also to say it is its couviction, !Lof that battle one of those solemn judgments, without } OF THR RBE ome tne tl you wine's th ined OI army. are | on tie iinet hale rns eee het almost the samo as they had at tho same date. Affuirs aro therefore found now in the same ‘condition as before the Sght, and if it bas bad a great moral tnfluence, tt bus had no » Bull run is @ rivulet which runs to the » and from it by an rage distance of twelve es, When I speak of the Potomac, I mean that portion of the river’s course which is above Washington, from there to Harper Ferry. That is the veritable Northern line of defence. Tho secessionists have chosen Bull run for thelr line of A its banks are a little higher than tho other streams traverse the country, and are covered with thick woods, It offers, besides the advantage of covering Manassas, a strategic point of the bighest importance, becavge it is the junction of two railroads which lead, one towards the West, through the Alle- ghanies, and the other towards the Youth, to Richmond, tho present residence of the President of the secession- ist Soaree and government. Abattis have been con- structed on all points of Bull run susceptible of offering practicable passages to the enemy’s column: It is possible that the force of circumstances may again Place the two armies in hostile array on the same feld; Dut at presentan overwhelming heat renders the great Operations of war almost impossible, and nothing serious need be oxpected before the autumn, GREAT UNION SPEECH OF GEN. WALBRIDGE. MEETING OF THE FIFTH WARD PEOPLE'S UNION ASSO- CIATION, An adjourned mebting of tho above association, which has been organized within the past week for the purpose of placing good Union men in nomination for office, with- out respect to party ,was held Thursday evening at the Fifth Ward Hotel, Dr. Eager, presiding. After the preliminary business was disposed of, a large number of citizens en- rolled their names as members of the organization, which is one of several (cmbs erected in the city sacred to the memory of old politfcal partyism, and on the other bani, one of the many pillars erected to support the dignity and power of the government throughout the whole Union, While the names were being enrolled there was a sudden murmuring at the door, and it was whispered around that General Walbridge was present. A motion was imme diately“mnade to invite him to attend the meeting, aud this being carried with applause, the Chairman appointed a committee to invite him. When General Waibridge en- terod he was loudly applanded, and being called upon to make a speech, he assented after a little hesitation, General H. WaLuRmGé was then called upon and pro- ceeded at length to trace the histery of tho formation of the federal constitution and the benetits it had already conforred, and also to investigate to alleged ew which are urged by those engaged in the present rebel- lion. Those causes, said he, cannot exist in the non-ex ceution of the Fugitive Slave law, for that measure has Becn legally executed in oy orthorn State; and in the extreme Southorn States, where the rebellion ori- ginated, no slave ever esc dfrem the border States the number of fugitives escaping during tho Jazt teu years is thirty-three per cent less than in the decade from 1840 to 1850. It ought not to result from the structure of the constitution, for that instrument guar's with equal Jealousy the rights and i: ection of the Union. Nor has any inju legislation on the Fights but just elapsod sine States, without a sing tion reergnizing the exists in tho States, and delearing they to see thé organic law so never could be charges inthis particaiar, At the adop- tion of the constituticn some of theStates desired to an nex @ condition that they might withdraw at pleasure from the federal Union; Dut this authority was promptly denied, and when our own Stato sugested a desire to annex this condition, Mr. Madison wrote to Alexander Hamiiton that such a conditional ra‘ifeation was worse than a rejection, if a State may scecde, who shall pay the debt ghe aided to create W e fifteen mit Kicks for Louivlana; can she gsecece? We gave ten mil lions for Tes she secede? Vive millions for Flo- rida; can she cr any of Uke balance secede? They may and they have attempted it, but they will surely fail, untilevery loyal constitutionalist has formed with his own body 'a rampart over which no rebe! secessionist can prevail until his feet first rests upon a patiiot’s grave, No, fellow citizens, the normal condition ef our country isunion, We are cmphatically.one poople—spenking the same language, possessing similar forms of State govern- ment, citizens by birth or adoption of free institutions, and sharing aliko in the traditional glories which cluster arcund the formation of our constituti nai fabric. Weare, and ought to be, one and indivisible as a political com: munity in tho temperate region of this hemisphere, as weil by political as by natural and artificial causes. Our rivers, mountains, plains, lakes, canals and railroads are all constituent elements of one blended whole, The diversity of products grow:ng out of a diversity of eli- mate, soil and location, and the stern necessities under Jaws of trade calling for an exchange of commodities, ity of interest, therefore, in all these relations of life, demands a unity of government. 1 lay the down ng a sition which the experience and observaticn of overy man will verify, and which no transcundental vaga- ries of government, Whether nullification or secession jean successfully gainsay or controvert. Now, without ‘any real or tangible wrongs to redress, we find’ a persistent, wicked and widespread insurrection, in formiduble pro- Portions, arrayed against the constitutional government of the Union—a government the best ever conceded to man, framed by the wisitom of the Fathers of the Revolu- tion, after the meiancholy experience in history of the carly republics; a govesnment productive of the highest gocd, now drawn in peril, by the most malign purposes, secking to destroy and’ substitutezin place of it, what? Some theoretical league, possessing to cohesion nor unity, tobe separated and broken up at the first caprice, or to sink in tho estimation of the people at homo, and to the contompt of the world abroad: ‘The weakness and imbecilityiof such systems have been demonstrated in almost every age. Our own experience proves it. Under the articles of confederation the union then fell to pieces from inherent weakness, and was found uniitted, after a fair trial, for the perposes for which it had ‘been established. With elev n States in open revolt, their rebel soliiery within a dus 's march of the capital, their treasonable banner discernible from the Presidential mansion, there is still no occasion for unno- cessary alarm, though the necessitics of the case demand the uncompromising and heroic exertions of every loyal citizen to give complete triumph to the great principles of republican government. When we coutemplate our re- sources, our numbers, and the cause in which we are cn- gaged, we cannot but believe that the government has the power, and the loyal American peopie tho will, to demon- strate to the world that it has the capacity for indetinite duration. Cannot a government and people, capable of resisting any foreign aggression, howover formidable, subdue and quell a wicked and infamous conspiracy among a portion of their «wi citizens? We believe they can, and we never wwtent to be driven from this’ position until this rebellion is thoroughly put down, ana the old American flag floats again over every portion of the present revolted. territory. ‘Tho nations of Europe are witnesses of tho struggle and anxiously awaiting the result, It involves the whole problem of constitutional representative government, and for alltime, Let us estimate tho resources at our control, and the prodigious growth of free institutions on this continent since our ancestors laid broad and deep the foundations of our expanding republic. In the year 1701, only ono hundred and sixty years ago, the entire population in the then eleven colonies was but two hun- dred and sixty-two thousand souls. In 1749 Georgia and Delaware were added, and the number of inhabitants in the whole was one million and forty-six thousand. In 1775, at the breaking out of the Revolution, the thirteen colonies had increased to two million three’ hundred and three thousand whites, and half a million of slavos—in ail not quite three millions combined. Upon a principle that lay at the basis of freedony tho issue between the colonies and the mother country was then made by this small population, without estimating the cost, and the as it were willing amended that it seven years’ struggle of the Revolution began. The closo of the conflict found the American colonies in debt one hundred and thirty-five millions of dollars, according to the valuation of money in that day; which, in view of the great decrease in value gof the precious metals since that period, by the enormons products of tho gold discoveries since’ made and developed, would bo equal, according to the present relative value of meney, to two hundred and seventy millions of dollars, or nearly forty millions annually, and in the annual ratio of over seventeen dollars to each white individual. The debt which Great Britain contracted by that war was five hun- dred and fifty millions of dollars, which she sunk in the vain effort to destroy the rapidly developing forms of free government. Now, by the benign workings of tho consti- tational government of the Union, the annual tax uj every individual in the United States is less than two dol- lars each; fupon the basis our peace establishment is sixty- five millions per annum, or but three dollars per indi- vidual, if our ordinary expenditures should attain nincty millions per annum, and with prudenco and economy the expenses of the government may be kept within the for- mor sum. Congress, a couple of years since, having ex- pressed the popular will for a reduction of our expendi- tures to ee per canta. Now, what is cis capacity to ay augmented expenses necessaril growing out of this rebellion? And let us see if we are not abundantly ablo to prosecute this conflict till treason is annihilated, the. fede- ral authority everywhere re.established throughout our territorial limits, and theconstitution again the shield and protection of the loyal American people, between the Gulf of Mexico and the great Northern lakes, and between the Atlantic and tho Pacific. The present peace establish- ment of England and Franco, respectively, may be set. down at an annual cost of three hundred and fifty mil- lions of dollars, England, with a population of twenty- nine millions, apd Frauce, with a population of thirty-six millions, or about twelve dollars a piece for each indi. vidual in England, and ten each in France. This is the coat of the peace establishment of the two great Western Powers that at this time control the policy of Europe. Now we have tho recent estimate of the enlightened Secretary of tho Treasury that the valuo of property, real and personal, in the Union, is sixteen thousand millions of dollars, of which the loyal Union States have eleven thousand millions. The surplus earnings of the latter being ostimated annuaily at $40,000,000. The same re- sponsible authority estimates the year’s cost of the rebel- lion to us as not exceeding the cost of the ordinary annual peace expenditures of either France or England. Should the expenditure, however, reach the aggregate of one thousand millious of doijars in quelling the rebellion, threo years of taxation, according to the peace scale of the Western Powers, would clear off the entire debt. The United States, thus standing upon an unshaken basis, need apprehend no disastrous result, while she makes a Vigorous, energetic and determined elfurt to asgort the en- premacy of the federal laws. Tho present debt of Great Britain is four thousand millions of dollars; that of France, perhaps, nearly half the amount. In England no new lauds are added to her agricultural territory, nor any new cities built. She resorts to fertilizing processes and improvements in agriculture to extort a larger pro- duction from the earth, whilst her teeming population are crowded into still mere limited quarters, With us, the immense ext continually new avenues to in nents of life. New farms are add ith of the country, and new cities spring up near coal flelds, in iron and cop: per regions, where Improved machinery is in rapid mo- adding to the wealth of the domestiofeade ot countr: lake if rien Mississippt be cstimated at seventy two thousand steam vessols— 1 jual to that some, as we are able to leave a large portion of the extra- ordinary debt resulting from the rebellion to those who curity, the pledged faith ofthe gorersment, ianet curity, the pledges it, with most liberal Of intercet, will, in Cpt ed as it ig now doing, bring out the unemployed and hoard of the pennies and be found the most satisfactory investment. ‘The direct tax upon the country is now increased beyond what it will be at future periods. ‘The economy and judg- ment of our merchants have restricted many of thelr foreign orders to the smallest proportions, looking to the more Himited demand by our domestic disturbance, and the closing of tho ports of tho refractory States has ex- cluded our revenue supplies from imports heretofore col- lected there. As restrictions are removod, trade will not only resume its usual channels, but scok out additional avenues after the trium) of our cause, and the consequent restoration peace will pour augmented supplies into the treasury from imports necessarily Lect gey direct taxation. Our imports this present year, it is fuir toestimate, will be at leastone hundered millions Jess than even last year, and our ex- ports from the loyal Stat: at least fifty millions renter, exclusive of 8] . The balance of foreign trade thus usually against us, will be largely in our favor, and tho demand for breadstuffs consequent upon a partial failure of the grain crops in England and France, will still further augment the resources of the North in quelling this re- bellion. Atno former period in our history has thore been presented, by the purehase of government securities, an opportunity equal to an mterest in the present govern- ment loan for a large and certain return for the use of thoney now offered to every humble individual as'well as to the largest capitalist or the wealthiest moneyed corporation. ‘The country once relieved from the pres- suro of moneyed necessitis, resulting from the rebellion, the public securities will alvanes to the enormous pre- miums they attaincd after the Mexican war and prior to the present domestic disturbance, ranging from eighteen to twenty per cent above par even for ordinary six per cents. Fellow-eitizens, the path of duty is plain. Forgetting ail Yocal and personal considerations, we should raliy to the rescue of the country, its violated rights and threatenod Liberties. In our day’, and by tho men of this ago is the question of the permanency of constitutional free’ govern- ment to be decided. If wo are untrue to our trust or fal- tr in the present hour, accumrated misfortunes and ruin will gather upon and around us, and the generations that are to follow, If we snecoed, as succeed we must, for our © is just, we shall once again present the invigorating tacle of a free and united pecple, under a clearly de- 1, well regulated government, prosperous beyoud ex- ample tn the history of our race. The speeches was frequently interrupted by loud bursts of applause, and at its conclusion three lusty cheers wore given for the speaker. UNION MEETING AT NEW LONDON. New Loxpon, September 19, 1861. ‘The great Dickinson meeting tock place this aftornoon, and resulted in the congre; of the largest number of peopie that ever assembled in New London, The cecasion was a glorious one, and the mecting a decided Ten thousand peoply at About two "clock, on the arrival o Buckingham, the pro- n formed in tront of the City Hall, under an rt of about five hundred men from the Foarteenth regi- United Statos Infantry, Major Giddings command- nd proceeded to the immeuse stoamboat and rail- depot. ‘aptain Francis Allyn, the chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, callod ‘the meeting to orJer, making an appropriateand elo speech, Governor Buckinghain presided and addressed the meeting. Tlon. D. S. sou made one of the best speeches of his life. . Hall,of Binghamton; Hon. D. P. Iyler, of Brocklyn, and J. F, Trumbull, of Stouington, uidressed the meeting. ‘The enthusiasm’ was intenss. tion tn advaheing the mechanical and manufacturing in- THE SOUTHE CIRCULAR OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY OP THE & STATES. ConrepenaTé STATES OF AMERICA, ‘Taeascry Derartuxnt, Ricyoxp, Aug. 22, 1361. } ‘The Congress of the Confederate States has authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to issue bonds to an extent ‘ceeding One hundred millions cf dollars for the pur- pose of funding its Treasury notes, and for making ex. changes for the proceoes of the sale of raw produce and xd articles, and the purchase of specie aud mil- itary stores, Under the authority of a provious act the Secretary ap- pointed commissioners, resident in differeat sections of the several States, to ‘solicit in advance from planters, tmaatfacturers and other scriptions of the proceeds of the sale of their crops and ether branches of industry, to be paid for in bonds of the Confederate States. ‘To the patriotic and zealous efforts of these commis- sicnore, nd less than to the lofty patriotism of the peop!e, the government is indebted for an aggregate subscription which reaches already mapy millions of dollars. borality of every class of tho community bas been evinced, The cotton, the rice, the tobaceo and the planters have vied with each other, aud in the firstnamed alone the subscription in several of the States reaches from one-third to one-half of the entire crop. It ig not proposed, as has been frequently explained, to interfere with tho usual and customary arrangements of planters and others in making sale of their produce. This is not ary, It is only asked that each individual shall indicate in adyanco the proportion of the same which he is willing to subseribo, tho time and place of delivery , the factor or merchant in whose hands it is to bo placed fer sale, aud who is authorized to pay over the proce ls and reovive in exchange Confederate bonds. The bonds carry interest of eight por cent, payable semi-annually, and ar@ Hot to be issued of a less denomination than one hundred dollars, except where the subscription is for a less amount, when tho limit is fixed at ifty doliars, ‘The payment of the principal and interest of the bonds is secured, ag will be perevived, by special act of Con- ress. STthe agricultural and manufacturing interests which have now the opportunity of contributing to the wanta and sustaining the credid of the government, were not in condition to make cash subscriptions to the loan pro- viously authori ‘Their surplus capital was alre: invested, ond their comman of resources, in the ture of things, was mainly to be locked fer im the future, Upon such future resourees they are authorized safely to draw, and the investment proposed, aside from its aim/on the gcore of patriotiem, may be regarded alto- gether as advantageous and as safe as any other business trapeaction. ‘The timo of sale referred to in the caption of the lists which are sent out, is intended to indicate the usual dato at which the crop is brought to market, and will of course Le subject to those considerations of mutual interest which would postpone a sale where the property would be sacrificed, Special agents have been appointed , or will be appoint- ed in every county and district of the South. They will be furnished with subscription lists and requested to bring the subject before their fellow citizeus in every proper manner, by personal appeals, public addresses, or through the instrumentality of the press. Tho results of their labors will be communicated from timo to time to this department, and it is requested that agonts will en- dorso upon the lists the namo of the Post Oflice, county and State to which they belong. The sections of the several acts of Congrcss which re- lato to the subject of the loan are herewith aunexed. C. G, MEMMINGER, Secretary of the Treasury. BILLS PASSED BY THE REBEL CONGRESS. AN ACT TO AUTHORIZE A LOAN, AND ISSUK OV TREASURY NOTES, AND PRRSCRI'E THE PUNISUMENT FOR FORGING THE SAME, AND FOR FORGING CERTIFCATES OF STOCKS AND BONDS, Section 1. The Congress of the Confocurate States of America do enact, That tho Secretary of the Treasury may, with the assent of the President of the Confederate States, issue fifty millions of dollars in bonds, payable at the expiration of twenty years from their date, and bear- ing 9 rato of interest not exceeding eight per cent per an- num, until they become payable, the said interest to be paid semi-annually. ‘The said bonds, after public adver- Usement in three newspapers within the Confederate States for six weeks, to be sold for specie, military stores, or for the proceeds of sales of raw produceor manufactur: od articles, to be paid in specie or bills of exchange in such @ manner and under such regulations as may be pre- scribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, to report at its next ensuing session to the Congress of ‘tho Confederate States a precise statement of his transactiors under this law. Nor sball the said bonds be issued in fractiona' parta of the hundred, or be exchanged by tho said Secre- tary for Troasury notes, or the notes of any bond, corpo- ration or individual, but only in the manner herein seribed. Provided, That nothing herein contained shall ‘be 80 construed as to prevent the Secretary of the Troasu- ty from recelving foreign bills of exchange in. payment of exe bonds. (Act May, 1861.) ADBILL TO BRENMTLED AN ACT TO AUTHORIZE THE I98CR OF TREASURY NOTES, AND TO PROVIDE 4 WAR TAX FOR TURIR REDEMPTION. Section 1. Tho Congress of the Confederate States of America do onact, That the Secretary of the Treasury bo, and he is hereby, authorized, from time to time, as tho public necessitics may require, to issue Treasury notes, payable to bearer, at the expitation of six ‘months after tho ratification of a treaty of peace between the Confede- rate States and the United States: the said notes to be of any denomination not less than five dollars, and to be ro- issuable at pleasure, until the same are payable; but the whole issue outstanding at one time, including the amount issued under former acts, shall’ not exceed one hundred millions of dollars; tho Said notes shall be re- ceivable in payment of the war tax hereinafter provided, and of all other public dues, except the export duty on cotton, and shail also be received in payment of the sub- scriptions of the net proaseds of sales of raw produce and manufactured articles, Sec. 2. That for the purpose of funding the said notes, and for making exchange for the proceecs of the sale of raw produce and manufactured articles, or for the pur- chase of specie or military stores, the Secretary of the Treasury, with assent of the President, is authorized to issue bonds, payable not more than twenty years after dato, and bearing @ rato of interest not exceeding eight per contum per annum until thoy become payable, the in- terest to be paid semi-annually; the said bonds not to ex- ceed in the whole one hundred ‘millions of dollars, and to be deemed a substitute for thirty millions of the bonds authorized to be issued by the act approved May 16, 1861; and this act is to be deemed a revocation ot the authority to issue the said thirty millions, The said bonds shall not be issued in less sums than one hundred dollars, nor in fractional parts of a hundred, except when the subscrip- tion is less than one hundred dollars, the said bonds may be issued in sums of fifty dollars. They may be sold for specie, military and naval stores, or for the proceeds of raw produce and taanufactured articles, in the same man- ner as is provided by the act aforesaid; and whenever subscriptions of the same haye been, or shall be, made payable at‘a particular date, the Secretary of the Trea sury shall have power to oxtend the time of sale until such date ag he shall see fit to indicate, Sec. 4.—That for the special purposo of paying tho principal and interest of the pubiic debt, and of support. ing the government, a war tax shall be assessed and le- vied of fifty cents npon each hundred dollars in value ef the following property, &e.,&c. [Act August, 1861.] ‘Sepremper 10, 1861. NEW. YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER ..22, 1861... | New York Medical Colicge. vIRsT La el 01 FALL COURSE—DR, CARNO- CHAN AMPUTATIONS—IMPORTANCE OF THE SUB- 1SOT—MILITARY SURGEONS IN ATTENDANCE, RTC. ‘The firat of the fall course of lectures of the New York Modical College was delivered on Monday by Professor Carnochan before @ numerous audience in the amphi- theatre of tho institution, East Thirteenth street. Tho subject selected for the oecasion is invested with peculiar importance at this time, from the fact, as alludedto by the learned lecturer, that a destructive war is being waged in our midst, and it, therefore, became the impe- Fativo duty of all young students to prepare themsclves to treat sueccesfully the dreadful casualties which mast arise therefrom. To the military medical studentsespeciatly this was a subject for most earnest inquiry and study, as Upon the extent of his professional knowledge much suf: fering or alleviation of suffering must follow to the victim® of the battlefleld, Among the audience on Monday were several medical men In uniform, denoting that the invitation extended to thom through the Hxxatp was accepted in the spirit in which it was given—that of sympathy with our brave soldiers who may be maimed on the deta of battio, and for whose succor we would fain secure the best metical aid, Thatour hing A is attended by able and compotent medica! men there is little doubt, and it is gratifying to see those young men who’ have to the seat of war, not yet gone exhibit a desire to lose no opportunity of acquiring information to fit than for a faithful discharge of their humane datirs. ‘The lecture wos entirely of a practical All the appliances for itivstr ating the different course were provided, ‘Tho lecturer was assisted in his operations by three of the students of the institution, Dr. Carnochan, after tho applacse which greeted ‘him had subsided, addressed his audicnee as follows:—I have been requested by my colleaguos to open the preliminary course of lectures in this institution fur the present s son, and in the name of the Facuty [ offer congratulations to those gentlemen who reappear ‘after the ssmmer vaca- tion, as well es to those who, for the first time, pre- sent’ themsclyes for the purpose of prosecuting ‘their studies. The exigencies of the times appear to require special attention to somo branches of the healing art, and more particularly. to the depart. ment of surgery. Tho extensive mutilation of the battle- field often Cemand the sacrifice of more or less portions of the human mechanism in order to save tho rest from destruction, In civil life, also, on account of the acei- dental lesions or morbid growth, or other pathological conditions, the surgeon is obliged ‘to perform the opora- tion of amputation or the removal of a part from the dy which is no longer useful to the general economy. It is only within a comparatively recent period that the operation of amputation has been performed in a suitable or proper manner. Up to so recent a time as tho six- teenth century, surgeons were afraid to am throvgh parts’ which were not already mort or dead; or, if venturesome enough to into the’ living s, they had no resources with which to arr tho hemerrhage but by such painful applications as the actual cautery, heated oil, or boiling pitch, iio which the stumps of the unfor- tunate patient were dipped. We are iudebted to the fa- mous French surgeon, Pare, who flourished about the for the ‘invention or adoption of the liga- 0 arteries, in dvder to arrest the bleeding af- jobs; and thos was laid the fountation of jon Which this class of eperations iS AOQUITEM Up ti present time. The operation of amputating, though crude, is one requiring great care and adroithess; for upon the manner in which it is per formed most freqnently depends the life of the patient. In other words, tho patient may die from the operation, and not from the injuries which demanded a recourse to the knife. For the more clear exposition of h's theory the lecturer first divided the subject of amputation iuto two classes— one of continuity and the other of contiguity. These, he said, were conventional terms. ‘ihe first applied to am. putations when the bone is cut through, the other to cases where amputation is performed through tho joint. There were four methods of performing amputation, ‘These were designated in the ege as the circular, the incision with one flap, the mn With two flaps, and the oblique or oval, These ditierent methods had their own particular advocates and followers. The great object to secure in the operation is to have a suflicient coveringfor the bone so to prevent any excoriations from foreign bodies, This was not so easily performed as wos supporel, and, indeed, it wes with the y of rendering this” part of — tho oparation more easy of attajnmont, that celebrated sur- geons had adopted changes from the original method. The difficulty aris Hammatory action seizing upon tho tissues, sometimes from the convulsive action of the stump itself, wppnration, and from gan- the flap, Great care should On this point tho le ers dis, Ing an tinue operation. There were shocks to. the system conse upon these severo accidental injuries whieh dem consideration, Ingome cases a collapse is manifested. There were again mstances where tho system failed tosympathize to «ny great extent. This is gonerally the case with gun shot wounds, which at first cause but littic sympathy of the system, but then the result always shows that a reaction’ takes’ pluco iii about forty-cight hours after the infliction of the injury, and a high state ammatory constitntional fever 8 the position ass hat an immed: best chance. The e the battloflotd i 2 operations, on account of the ulty of conveying the patients (ff the fleld. There are revgh roads and rougher flolds and by-ways to cross, an the pi s are subjected to painful and dangerous jolt gs. Then, indeed, the pri- mary operation, as it was called, was necessary. | In civil, Ike it was weil to give a pationt the benefit of time, for there is always a better chance of surviving the ampatation performed in the se- condary or intermediary state. Amputations, with refe- tence to time, were divided into primary, the interme- diate and the tertiary. For himself, the lecturer said he belioved that in sudden injurics the habit of waiting fora reaction on tho system of the patient was too prevalent. Patients have frequently died from this delay. Tho ner- ‘vous system in those cas-s loses the power of receiving impressions, and cannot be influenced by the operation. Particular stress was Inid upon the uso of chloroform. ‘This, when applied, had @ depressing influence, and fre: quentiy patients had died from being subjected to its in- fluence. It was 2s to use chloroform at a time when ths body was alrcacy tending to a state of collays>. In these cages he must sey he would leave chloroform pt, indeed, when the nervous system was still 7 The lecturer then proceeded to impress upon his younger bearers tho necessity of baing always fally prepare! for any omergency,, for any accident that might arise in the course of the operation. Everything avsedful ought to be placed so near that the operator could himself take up the article he wanted. Assistants ought previ- ously tobe well informed of all that was expretod of them—the nature of the operation, and the nature and degree of assistance they were to render. The relative positions of the operator and his patient were also decribed. The preliminary preparations, such as the examination of the instruments, the applica- tion of the tourniquet, the vse of which was also described, the caution to tho assistants to omit nothing necessary, and the scrutinizing glance to satisfy himself that everything was in its place and ready for use. All this having been gone through, the lecturer then proceeded to the moro illustrative part of the subject. A doubie amputation was performed: cne according to the circular mode of incision, the other according to the double flap mode, The manner of manipulating and hold- ing the limb was treated on, and particular attention called to the manner of using the sharp instruments, The operations were performed with great dexterity and celerity, and elicited the applause of the critical andiencs, who throughout paid the deepest attention to the words ‘and operations of the lecturor. This closed the lecture. SHOALS OFF NORTH CAROLINA. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD, Cmcago, Sept. 15, 1861. Some time ago, and while with the army in Missouri, Isaw inthe columns of the Hrratpa report from the Coast Survey that in consequence of representations be- ing made to that department from various sources of the existence of shoals or bars off Cape Hatteras, that the Su- perintendent had ordered surveys and that the officer de- tailed for that‘purpose had reported that no such shoals or bars existed. I bog toetate that I for one am satisfied that there are such in tho neighborhood pointed out, and that on the night of the 28th of March Inst I was a pas- senger on board the bark Washington, of Baltimore, bound from Rio to Baltimore, when tho bark drawing about fourteen feet struck on the shoal heavily at cleven o'clock P.M. We had made tho Cape Henry light be- fore dark, say at half-past five o'clock, and laid our course for the entrance to the Chesapoake, and as the wind blew steady all the timo wo know our exact position; but, on looking at the chart, found ten fathoms water in the very position we were in. Crpt. White had before heard of the existence of tho bar there; and, on taking a pilot the next morning, he seemed fami- Mar with the fact, and stated that a jarge ship had been lost on the same place where we had struck not long be- foro Judge, therefore, of my surprise upon reading the report from the Coast Survey Bureau. Capt. White, of the bark Washington, lately cleared from Now York for Baltimore. Sho is owned by J. Hooper & Sous. The cap- tain will corroborate my statement. Hampton Road occupying the same relation to the United States that Cowes does to tho British isles and the Continent, it is of the highest importance that the maritime jaterest should ‘be properly informed on the existence or non-existence of impediments to commeree; and I would thank you to go behind the report referred to, and you will find that it is in error. THOMAS J. RAK. HOW HARPER'S FERRY WAS TAKEN. The passage of the secession ordinance by the traitor convention of Virginia was at first a secret; and before its. promulgation at Richinond the delegates from tho Har- per’s Ferry region had returned to their homes. The in- stant of their arrival there they sommoned together tho militia officers of their n rhoods, told ther that another John Brown raid” had beon male at Harper's Forry, and that they had been sent by Gov. Letcher, in obedience to a requisition made by President Lincoln, to call out the militia to repel the invasion, This appeal nptly responded to, and Harper's Ferry’ was esion of by a body of men who, pelioved they were acting under the authority of tie United States government, and who néVer understood their true posi- ,after afew days, they found strang rs from the South, superseding thet and strange soldiers from distant Milwakee inually passing at short in- s for the'pust two days. Up to this evening not | 5 than one hundred and fifty had gone by, and prob bly the largest quantity of grain which bas ever passed this port during the game number of hours before,’’ FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. Sarunpay, Sept. 21-6 P.M, The money market continzes very dull; the amount of paper in the market 18 small, and rates are barely maintajned.. ne tk Foreign exchange closes steady, with @ goneral: unwillingness on the part of bankers to sell, in com, sequence of the difficulty of obtaining suitable mex- cantile bills. Stocks are firm, with a small business doing. Al eacriptions are very scarce, and a very moderate increase in the inquiry would lead to a general ad- vance. The new government sixcs were firm at the first board, and the five's of 1874 were { het- ter. State stocks were steady without. change of price. The railway shares were gene- rally steady. Erie ond Central were both % better; Burlington advancee % and Rock Island . Tha other descriptions were without change. After the board. the market firm, and at the second board without change; it closed steady, the following being the last quota- ions:—United States 6 registered, 1881, 903 a 9%; United States 6’s, coupon, 1881, ol; United States 5's, 1874, 8094 a 8024; Virginia 6's, 51% #52; Tennessee 6's, 43 a 4324; North Caroling 6's, 61; Missouri 6's, 433¢ a 4324; Pacific Mail, 88 & 8324; New York.Central, 73% a 7354; Erie, 26% @ 204; do. preferred, 46 a 48; Hudson River, 33% @ 33%; Harlem, 10% a 10%4; do. preferred, 25 a 25345 Reading, 35 a 3534; Michigan Central, 4194 9 42%; Michigan Southera and Northern Indiana, 13% 14; do. guaranteed, 30% @ 314; Panama, 109% @ 110; Illinois Central, 65% a 66; Galena and Chicago, 69% a 69%; Cleveland and Toledo, 29% a 29% Chicago and Rock Island, 4394 @ 44; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 624% a 63; Delaware, Lacka- wana and Western, 67 a 68; Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien, 1744 a 18; Ilinois Central bonds, 7’s, 93 a 93; Delaware and Hudson Canal, 83 a 844; sylvania Coal, 75 a 77. The business of the Sub-Treasury to-day was as follows:— ‘Total receipts. 125,881 97 —For custom! 7,000 0 Treasury note 103,000 00 Payments. 508,476 Balance 15,541,807 08 Mr. Solomon Sturges, of Chicago, has takem $100,000 of the national loan. Mr, Walter L. New* berry, President of the Galena and Chicago Rail. road, $10,000. Mr, Wm, B. Astor, of this city, is reported to have taken $50,000. ‘The Boston Post of yesterday repor' ‘The banks gained $126,000 yesterday, As was then re ‘hed, th eis on the turv. The Treasury paymenta n the next weok will be extraordinarily heayy, aud most ‘of them will go fnto ths banks of the three cities, The Boston banks have paid about fifty-six per cent of the whole ten millions subscribed, and’ have only diminished their specie about two millions. The government hae already returned to them fifteen percent of their entire subscriptions, say $1,500,000, and another million will probably come back within a week, The Chicago Tribune of Thursday reports:— Tho money market to-day has beon steady, the only mo tiveablo feat ng a more active demand for oxeh Rates were therefore firmer; and while several of t ‘banks s d custemers at 1{ j,emium outsideis wort generally charged 43. The street was par a 4, about being the ruling “price, ‘The amount now is enormous, and the favorable news from Europe to-day will stimulate shipments of produce eastward, means of transport to (he seaboard is taxed to its utmost. capacity. The following shows the business of the Phila- delphia and Reading Railroad Company for the month of August, 1861, compared with same month last year:— 1861. Recolved from coal. .... 194,814 17 Do. do. merebai 82,106 78 Do. do, travel, &e. 38,606 60 Total..... 205,958 18 Transportation. 134,332 88 Net profit for the month,..... 190,126 36 131,025 a Previous eight mouths 879,491 83602601 12 Profit for nine months, ....$1,000,623 19 $1,023,686 48 The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Hartford and New Haven Railroad Company was held at Hartford yesterday. The following are the statistics of the year’s business ending Septem- ber l:— Iucoma from passengers Income fron freight ++ $405,384 57 62,169 + 45,371 Tncome from mails j0— 712,875 9% Exponses for tho year < 858%740 46 Interest paid on bouds. « 65,190 56— 413,937 66 Net earnings..........660 $208,089 69 The gross income for the year has been $31,391 78 less than last year—of which decrease $22,707 73 Was on passengers, and $58,684 05 on freight. The decrease is owing to the present state of the coun try, which has affected all kinds of business, but is much less than might reasonably have been ex- pected. The working expenses have been com- siderably reduced, and were $29,991 less than last year. The whole number of miles run by traing during the past year was 323,491; the whole num- ber of passengers carried 499,888. A quarterly dividend of 3 per cont is declared, payable Oo- tober 1, making 12 per cent for the year. The directorsin their report say:—“Whether this rate of dividend will be continued will of course de- pend upon the future receipts of the rvad.’” It is stated that the Pennsylvania Central Rail- road Company refuses to participate in the fight for Western bound freight which the two New York roads have been engaged infor some time past. It is probable that the negotiations now on foot will close the quarrel entirely ina few days. The ‘ialena and Chicago Railroad earned the first Bans -$22,000 The Chicago and Rock Island Railroad Company earned the first week of September :— —One working day less this year. ‘The total receipts of flour and grain from the lst of January to the Ist of September, at Chicago, Toledo, Milwaukee and Detroit are 63,704,161 bushels. The following is the amount received at each port :— Chicago. « 82,415,986 Toten. "570,408 Milwaukee. 522,601 Detroit... 4,170,219 Total... ie NE eo From the above it will be seen that Toledo still keeps the position of being the second city of the West in the grain trade, and Milwaukee the thiré. The receipts at tide water of flour, wheat, corm and barley for the first week of September; 1860 and 1861, have been as follaws:— Flour, Wheat, Corn, Barley, bls.” * bush bush.” bush, 29,100 810,100 683,600 2.200 21,900 320,500 470,500 12,100 Decrease 7,200 489,600 193,100 Inc..0,000 The aggregates of the receipts of the above arti- cles for the years 1860 and 1861 have beet Flour, Wheat, Com, Barley, bus,” bush. | bush, bush. 5,848,000 10,246,600 _87,400 13/343}000 11,088,000 199,700 000 800 Increase. 214,200 7,696, 112, Redueiny tlie wheat'to flour, the excess in the receipts of 1861 is equal to 1,753,200 bbls. of flour. The receipts at tide water of the principal arti- cles of produce, from the opening of the canals to and including September 7, have been as follows:— Canal Open. April 15,1859. April 25,1860. May1,1861. Flour, bbis.. . 6,100 806,400 222,300 431 ‘The Chicago Tribune of Monday remarks:— ‘The firmness inthe market for Fastorn exchange was . ‘nore marked, and We quote an advance in rates of tea ty per cont, ‘The banks were selling at 4 per cent promitm, and buying at $a 44 per cent, while street tats were par a ig per cent premium, Although the ship- nm ‘of produce at present are very heavy, there is leas exchange inaking than for some time past—(he grain now leavirg our port having boon mostly drawn against and in store awaiting freight room. ‘The Cincinnati Gazette of the same day says:— Money continues to Mud more employment, a3 Lusinesa