The New York Herald Newspaper, August 28, 1861, Page 2

2 ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. The City of Washington at New York nd Teutonia Off Cape Race. Mr. Russell Writes Again on the ull Run Battle and the Strategy of the Two Armies Since. He Exposes the “On to Richmond” Cry of the New York Abolition Organs and their After Attempts to Deny It. Tle Reports Treason in the Government Depart- ments in Washington, and a Strange Scene in the United States Post Office. THE BLOCKADE AND SUPPLY OF COTTON. British View of the Financial and Com- mercial Effects of the War. The Coming Alliance Between Austria and England, Key, ke, hee Pho screw steamer City of Washington, Capt. Brooks, -which sailed from Liverpool at one P.M. on the 14th and from Queenstown on the 15th inst., arrived here at half past four P.M. yesterday, bringing passengers, specie gad files of European papers. A despatch from St. Johns, N. F., of the 24th of August, Yays:—The steamship Teutonia arrived off Cape Race at ‘bur o'clock this (Saturday) afternoon. The Teutonia left Hamburg on the 11th and Southampton on the 14th inst. Ber news is anticipated. The Teutonia has 248 passengers. The Asia arrived at Liverpool at four o’clock on the morning of the 12th inst., having been detained outside several hours by fog. Tho North American arrived at Londonderry on the 13th and at Liverpool at half-past seven on the morning of the 14th inst. The nows by the City of Washington has been antici- cipated by the very full telegraphic report of the Hiber. nian, furnished fram Father Point, on her arrival there, ‘and published in the Herap yesterday (Tuesday) morn- ing. Our European files by the City of Washington contain, however, the details of the advices by the Hibernian, of which the annexed compilation will be found to pos- 8088 much interest:— The prospect of a coming struggle between France and Austria is foreshadowed in the following extract from an article in the Paris Siecle, of the 13th of August. It gays: — Austria is trymg, but in vain, to concentrate around her the heterogeneous’ races which are escaping from her domination, Hungary dares to resist her openly. Vene- tia, bent beneath # yoke of iron, and regarding with gloomy anger tho cannon pointed on'St. Mark’s square— ‘Venetia will rise to-morrow, and will in her tun resist. In Croatia, in the Tyrol—sverywhere, in fact—the same symptoms are manifested. And Austria is afraid, Aus- tria cedes, Austria gram's cumstitutions. Sho mutters, though with a bitter grimace, the words of justice and liberty. What has happened? What signifles this sud- den conversion? Austria, designated by De Maistra as the great enemy of mankind, has become liberal. Mis sho Ddecome so willingly or unwillingly? No matter; tue fact ig there. The chastisement inflicted on the fields of battle of Magewa and Selferino is producing fruit. Austria bows down before What sho formerly cursed; she adores what she burned. Catharine Hayes died at Sydenham, England, on the 11th inst., after a week's illness. Afemale rival of Blondin, who essayed to cross the Thames on a rope, opposite Cremorne Gardens, came near meeting with a serious accident. She proceeded half way across but was unable to get any further, owing to the rope having become too slack, some of the guy ropes having been stolen. She dropped astride the rope, and ‘as it was found impossible to throw lines up to her, sho ultimately flung herself upon one of the guy ropes and gradually lowered herself into a boat amid the cheers of excited thousands. The Russian and Swedish governments had declined to support the English project for a submariné telegraph in the Baltic and over Gothland to Liban. ‘The intelligence from New Zealand is again gloomy, Sedition was spreading among the natives. The Gover- nor has issued a proclamation demanding obedience. The City of Washington hus brought the following SPECIE LIST. £500 J. H. Brower & Co... £1,200 Win. Ibbotson... 3 Edward Kough....... Halstead, Chamberlain « ° ow & Burgess. 1,000 smith & Sons...... 3,388 sy berien seas te MOODS THE AMERICAN REBELLION. Mr. Russell to the London Times on the Defcat at Ma THR REREL ARMY COULD HAVE SPECULATES AS TO THE REASONS WIT or, Wasinneron, July 29, 1861. Oa this day week the Confederates could have marched into the cayiial of the United States. They took no imme diate ste} to follow up their unexpected success. To this moment their movements have betrayed no fixily spose or settled plan to purse an ssive War “to liberate land if they ® the means of doing 80.” And, indeed their snecess was, as T suspected known to them in its full proportions, and their loss bined, perhaps, with the condition ‘ much as political and prudential moti ting the Jeaders, may have had a fair share in producing the st of inactivity with which the federalists have no reason to De dissatistied. THE ‘SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT’? ATTEMPTS A DIPLOMATIC VIEW OF OUR UNION PosrTi0? Tot us 100k around, now that the smoke of battle has cleared away, and try to examine the condition of the ground. + First as regarde foroign relations:— ‘The personal good feeling and perfect understanding which exist between the representatives of the great Eu ropean Powers directly intoresied in America are founded on an appreciation of the exact demands of the interests they represent, and on the necessities of a common honorable policy. England, having a vast commorce di- rectly involved in the coutest has naturally been the firat to provide for its safety in American waters, and has also folt it desirable, ‘in the face of the desperate counsels which have been given on this side of the Allantic w furnish a trifling reinforcement tohor small military cstablishment in Canada. The flect at present in observation is neither powerful nor offensively disposed, and no exception can be taken to the mode in which ithes acted by the most sensitive Americans, although attempts haye been made to arouse vulgar pre- judices by crroneous statements respecting tho views and declarations of Admiral Milne. ‘lhe authoritative asser- tions on that subject in come of the journals here are des- Litute of authority, except that of the writer. What is of More consequence, perhaps, in respect to the preserva- tio of friendly relations betwe gland and the United States, is the fact that a great change has come over the wiews of the members or member of the Cabinet who was sup- posed to seek the reconstruction of the Unicn in a war with Great Britain, aud that the most favorable disposition is evinced to cultivate our good graces, wot by any sacrifice of Principles, but by the adoption cf a tone at once calm just and dignified, which will be apprec Foreign Office. It is not provable, euher, bear much more about the immediate annex Canada, and the fury of 750,000 er than Frenc soldiers with which we were thre: time averted. easant changes in the diplomatic nothing at all like them in Senate it is proposed to on all the dut levied under the r of this wicked ‘es he will thereby enne. The House of political ec " 000,000 of additional r Representatives, on the contra by taxes on coffee, tea, the sort, gar Y ity hor of lux mediate fF hat every ene who uses them now will continue notwitstand a will be rit. On th there will be a conference betw the Legislature adjusted or ame will give some in which the contex ted. 0,000 000, ax to ording to the calculations of the designers, und the people fondly believe it will be | removed as soon as the war js ove ATTEMPT TO INFLAME TUE MERCANTILE INTERESTS OF FRANCE AND RUSSIA—ALLEGED OVINIONS OF THR MINISTERS OF BOTH THESE COUNTRIES. If the increase of ten per cent on the Morrill tariff bo Actually passed, it is difficult to see how France can con tinue to regard with friendly feelings such a direct attack on her great article of exportation. Fugland is accustomed 4p bear these things from the Unit ates, but France jannot afford any meddling or mischicf in her wine trade Bnd her tobacco monopoly. M. Mercier, the energetic and }ble representative of our ally, is said to entertain strong the contest now waging cannot terminate in the puccess of the North in what it to itself. Mu “Aaioecki, the Russian Minister, who bas lived long je America, knows her statesmen and the genius of her people and insti vations, and is a man of sagacity ang yj Foes intellQos, 2 belived 1 held the tame vans ons NEW YORK H"RALD, WED Perhaps the only minister who has really been neutral, observing faithfully all engagements to actually existing Powers, and sedulously avolding all occasion of ‘offence or irritability to an irritable people, rendered more than the evil days which have fallen upon them, t and loyal’ nobleman who represents Great Britain, and who is the ¢ one threatened with a with- drawal of passports and all sorts of pains and penalties for tho presumed hostility of his government to the Uni- ted States. 18 THE NORTH ABO WERELY THR DEFNYSIVE? The world sees that the North has not treated the Southerners ag rebels—1we will not say it has not dared to doso, But the federalists have treated the Confederates: up to this moment as belligerents. Rebels are hanged, iinprisoned, and shot at discretion, ‘Their flags aro nob received; tho exchange of prisoners with rebels is ridigu» lous. A regular “blockade” of rebel ports is quite anoma- lous, It remains to be seen, after what the government rates’ whom its cruisers caught in the act, red-handed, of privateering policy. Meantime the arm raised hastiso and subdue has been struck down,and the atliiude of the North is just now defensive. There will be on the the one people whom the American prove has ny sulted and abused every disposition to give fair pl te listen to the call for’ “time.”? But the quarrel must hive its limits—the time must be fixed, and the sponge must be thrown up if one or other of the combatants can not “come up"? to it; nor does it seem a case in which any amount of ‘judicious bottleholding” ean prolong the fight. Now, at the present moment the North is less able to go into the contest than she was @ month ago. She has suffered a defeat, she has lost morale and mate- ricl. Besides killed, wounded and prisoners, cannon, arms, baggage, she has lost an army of three-months men, who have marched away to their homes at the very moment (he capital was in the greatest danger, ANOTHER SNBER AT THE FEDERAL RELNFORCEMENTR, Up to this period the reinforcements received do not bring up the federalists to the strength they had before Noone can or will tell how many have strayed and gone off from their regiments since they re- turned to the eamps here, but the actual number of men who have come here are less than those who have goue away home by fully 8,000 rank and file. And the chan, been by no means for the better, ‘The three months men at least had been three months ander arms, ‘They were probably at least as martial and as ready to fight as the rest of their people, Just as they are most required and likely not to be quite unserviceable, they retire to rive iil-deserved and ridiculous ovations, us though had been glorious conquerors and patriots, instead ot “being broken and routed fugitives, who marched off from Washington when it might be expected the enemy were advancing against it. In their place come levies who have not had even the three months’ training, and who are not as well equipped, so far as I can see, as their predecessors, to face men who are elated with auc- the prestige of the first battle gained, and to be r lized, Dy defeat. ¢ artillerymen who cut the’ traces of their horses from caisson and carriage at least new more about quns than the men who will be jut to the new field batteries which govern- ment aro getting up as fast s they can; and the muskets, of the best description, left on the field or taken, cannot be replaced for a long time to come. Jn fact, much of this army must be reorganized in face of anenemy. That enemy is either incompetent or artful; it ts quite certain he is not actuated by clemency or a generous pity. Engineers are hard at work strengthening the po- sition on the south bank of the river; but forts do not constitute safety, Without stout hearts behind their lines and breastworks, abattis and redoubts avail nothing. A GRAND PLAN OF ATTACK ON WASHINGTON MAPPRD OUT LY THE L. 1. D.—GENERAL REAURKGARD WON'T VENTURR UNLESS ALMOST CERTAIN OF SUCCESS. It must be that the confederates are deficient in the means of transport, or in actual force to make an attack which is so obvious, if they desire to show tho North it is not possiblo to subdue them. The corps which went from Winchester to Manassas under Johnston is put by the fede- ralists at 40,000. Let us take it at half that number. Beauregara and Lee are said to have had 60,000 at Man- assas, including, presume, the forces between it and Richmond. Divide that again. There were certainly 20,000 between Monroe, the Court (Y) and Richmond, of whom 16,000 could be spared; and onthe western side of the capital of the Confederate States there was available at least another corps of 10,000, which could have been readily strengthened by 10,000 or 15,000 more from tho South in case of a preme effort. T'here seems no reason, not connected with transport, equipment, or discipline, why the Confederates should not have been able last week: to take with 75,060 men, in two corps ; one quite strong enough to menace the force on the right bank of the and tv hold it in check, or to prevent it going o other side ; the other to cross into Maryland, which is now in parts only kept quict by force, and toadeance down on Washington from the west and north. In the evcnt of success the political advantages would be very great at home and abread,and there would be a new base of operations gained close to the enemy's lines, while the advantages of holding the Potomac an: (h-sapeake Pay would be much neutralized and finally destroyed. The Navy Yard wouid fail into the enemy's hands. Fort Wash- ington wonla probably soon follow. Fortress Monroe would be condemned ‘to greater isolation. Philadelphia itself would be ia imminent danger should the Confede- rates attempt greater aggression. But, for ano, General Beauregard will consent to no plan of operations in which success is not rendered as certain as may be by all possible precautions, and he might not favor a proposal which would lead to dividing an army into two parts, with a river between them and an enemy ou each side. "Monroe and Hampten, which are the true bases of operations against Richmond, have been weak- ened to reinforce the army covering Washington and Harper's Ferry, and yet | doubt if there are on the south bank of the Pot p at this momeut 40,000 men all along the lines who could move out and offer an enemy battle, leaving any adequate guards in the trenches and garrisons in the (ele-du-pont and works. ARMY AND LOSS OF MANY eNTLEMEN. |? + informed from the Sonth , have enlisted me the war, and take no others. The staple of their army will undergo no change, andl as iF grows older it ought to get better, unless ite eaten. You will pardon me for referring to a remark in one of ious letters, that (here might be flerce skirmishes, sanguinary en ments, between the two ‘The Confederates, these would be followed by no decisive » the want of cavalry, panic and very disc of and might hi presence of cavalry, no st great deficiency. The wlunteers who were at Manas never stand the man on horseback again, and | believe the Confederates are qnite aware of their wivantage, though may have had to mourn the loss of many gentlemen fell during the da Strango to say, editable rout was caused Deen pre ys are taken to 5 do not appear td pel v the latter were the Iss should be the layer of the no credit to an army to lose its guns, abandon its positions, throw away its muskets, leave its wounded in the hands of the enemy, and ran some thirty and odd miles from reville, not 1 Arlington, but to Washington, without any canse ¢ Tor without loss there was no cause of retreat, and thersf for panic and yout. “Agi y the the greater to run, then, 8 foree was enu- wre the bacth erated in terrorem ab 50,000, it w snts had subsequently joined. | Now 600.1 000 were in action, were t " And Lam obliged to say that Mr. quite as startling; for, while he d 25,000 strong, he astonishes us host only 15,000 took part in th AS to losses, of course it is beyon thing but imagination to giv estimate. Regiments reported to haye been annihi have turned up, quite hae and hearty, neat as im on the day of marching home; and ford parents, wives and relatives will be sparcd many pangs and a great deal of mourning. I think my estimate of killed and wounded was nearly correct, ‘The prisoners may amount to more than 900 or 1,000, but the federalists have lost more heavily than the tolals under these heads would show, perhaps. It would be rather ridiculous to cai] it either a hard fought, a bloody, or a glorious fleld; but it was an impor- taut one; it was a most trying one to the federalists, who were badly fed and hard worked in a waterless coun try,ona July day, for twelve hours; they were expesed to the demoralizing effects of long continued artillery fire, In spite of their Want of discipline and tho very unac- countable rout, the ‘aUsts at first showed alacrity, but after @ time they became torpid and difficult to handle, No one questions the general bravery of Americans, na- tive or adopted, on either side; but a defeat is rendered worse than ridiculous by attempts to turn it into a triumph. Let the unfortunate brave rest content with the sympathy they deserve, and shun the ovations which are the due of the conqueror. Praise and flattery cannot retake a gun, nor save a stzedard, nor win a battle—even if it be from ‘vox populi in Broadway or Rowory. ARMY AND FINANCIAL MFASURES OP TILE WASHINGTON CABINET. The government in some measure let the world seo what they think of the charges made against the officers of the army in reference to the late battle. order just published [Mr. Russell here gives the order (July 25) of Adjutant General Thomas, United States Army, directing that volunteer officers shall undergo an examination, as well as the reconstruction of the mililary districts in Virginia, Maryland, Delaware and Penneylvania.—Ep, Hiratp.] He then continu: 4 Dill was passed by the t all ’ statements are the enemy were erting that of all his Here is an House of Representatives imposing sof from $1 to $50; gold watches, $1; sil 50e.; ;and on fer Every interest country is including a tax en the net income of the not on their enrrency or bank circulation. Landed es kewi ated by the oth of the of the North y cin to feel th it be unsuccessful. PUTLER, AND THE FORTIFICATIONS OF , TI DEVENCTS OF JAMES RIVER, Tt will be w we lave done hearing and see- ing accounts of Itnil r As it may be better called, of M y sone other action interven is * ¥erry,on the Virginia s\ ail is troops to a m erry; himself’ com. Hampton, whieh nd to retire to the Mource is quite ve not the means regular If they get heavy guns and sty can certainly make the interior une pleasant, and should Uhey open trenches the American have a Scbaste near Old Point Comfort ey Meantime the command of Colonel Pheips, at Newport News, consisting of four regiments, is threa.ened by the enemy. His camp is intrenched and furnished with a few howitzers and field pieces, and heavy guns on the river face. I heard him apply to General Butler, when I ‘was there, for horves and harness for his guns, as if he wanted te-gnoee tht Sederate officer ,in theaalvance 0 of the old Puritan type, and if attacked he will defend his camp to the last, Sould he bg beaten, the Confederates will have both sides of James rug. RPVTIVE VALUK OF THR OFFI ON BOTH SITs —SONG OF THX “YIRST PAMILI Ms KR LOSS THAN MERE IRISH OR GERMANS, The more closely thetonsequences of Manassas are in- Vestigated, the more serious they seem tobe, It must bo granted that the Confederates feel their losses more woverely than the North does. Their colonels and officers are man of mark, and oven of privates killed or wounded ane wren wwctders implying thot they belong to good familie ani re tell Krewn people. Tho O's and Mas and Vous (tow of Vio tater), the Coreoraus, Camerons and Bruggers, pri- somers, Wounded or kilied, «ave o/ leas consequence to the socal austan o/ the North Wan the Haniptons, Prestons and Mannings are to the South, If Mr, Davis and a few of the leaders were to fall in battle there would be less chance of the South continuing its struggle with the same heart and confidence; dus i ab the Cabinet were to go to-morrme from Washington, the sprit of the Northern States would not be deminished one ita, ANNOUNGKMENTS OF THE VICTORY BY THE REBEL CHIEFS. From tho South, as yet, we have only a few seattered details of the fight and of its results; but it can be seen that there was no very great exultation over the victory. ‘Tho following interesting extracts from the Richmoud In- es of July 23 will furnish a good idea of the manner in which the news was received: (Mr, Russell gives here,the despatch of Jefferson Davis to Mrs, Davis, announcing the triumph; also his official report to Adjutant General Cooper at Richmond, the specch of Mr. Memminger in the rebel Congress an- nouncing the news, with the resolutions passed by that body on the occasion,—Ep. HkRap.] He then adds—tit will be observed when Mr. Davis tele- graphed to his wife he spoke of a dearly bought victory and a close pursuit. Of the latter there are no evid many troops remained till next morning in Centrey uot four miles from the scene of the fight, and Gen Schenck’s report states he withdrew his men in good or. der ut his leisure, It will be seen, too, that all which bas been said of the enemy outflanking the federalists? left is, rubbish, and that the main contest was, as I stated, on the right of the line. Mr. Davis returned by train to Richmond on the 23d a conqueror, His conduct is thus described: — [Here he gives the account of Jeff, Davis’ reception, with the report of his remarks, already published.—Ev- Herat.) THE MEDICAL APPLIANCES AND SURGEONS OF THE ARMY. The “luxury of ambulances’ is a new and curious ground of complaint, and 1 suspect that there were not many articles of the kind in the rear of the Confederate army. Apropos of this subject, I must remark that one class of officors in the federal army did thetr duty nobly—the surgeons remained on the field when ail others were retiring or had teft. One is reported killed; six are prisoners in the hands of the enemy, engaged in attending the wound ed of both sides—an invaluable aid to the scanty medical staff of the Confederates. ‘There is no reason to believe the treatment of wounded or prisoners was what it was reported to have been. There may have been some isolated acts of atrocity in the heat of battle or pursuit, and it is only too likely that & building in which wounded men were placed was set-tire to by a sheil, bift it is only justice to the Confederate au- thorities to say that they seem to have done alt they could for those who fell into their hand: irritation has been created by the false ta subject, and the soldiers on guard over Confederate pri- soners here would not permit them to receive some little luxuries which had been ordered by sympathizing in habitants, on the ground that they did not deserve them after the treatment given by their friends to the fede- ralista. ‘TREASON EXISTS IN KVERY DEPARTMENT OF THE FEDERAL GOV. ERNMENT.—WOAT MR, RUSSELL SAW IN THE UNITED STATES POST OFFICE. And as I haye ysed the word “sympathizers,” let me add the expressiowf my belief thet there is scarcely a de- partment, igh or low, uf the public service of the United States in which there is not “treasm’’—I mean the aiding and abetting the enemy by information and advice, itu openly tadke:! in society—its work is evident on all sides. I went into the private department of the Post Office the other day, and found there a gen'leman busily engaged in sorting leiters ata desk. The iast time I saw him was at dinner with the Commissioners of the Confederate States at Wash- ington, and I was rath: surpriaed to see him now in the sancti of the Pont Cpice, within a few sect of Mr. Blair, of the sangre asul of abolition: : Said he, “ Jam just looking aver the letters here to pick out some Jor our Southern friends, and I forward them to their owners as J find them;” and if the excellent and acute gentleman did not also forward any little scraps of news he could collect Lam inerror. Again, a series of maps prepared with great care, for tls nse of General McDowell’s staff, are given out to be photographed, and are so scarce that superior officers ean- not get them. Nevertheless, one is found in a tentof a Con- ‘dirfax Court Howse, which ‘must have been sentto him as soon as it was ready. It is also asserted that General Beauregard knew before- hand of McDowetl’s advance; but the Confederates icft im Such haste that much credence cannot be given to the statement that the enemy were fully informed of the fact any considerable length of time betorehand. THE “ON TO RICHMOND’? CRY OF THE AROLITION PRE'R AND ‘THEIR SHAKY DENIALS OF IT—~REVELATIONS OP THR ‘LITILE FRESH FROM GENERAL SCOTT'S DINN et tle having been duly fought and lost, the fede- ralists are employing their minds to find out why it was fought at all. ‘The convulsions into which the New York press bas been thrown by the inquiry resemble those produced on a dead frog by the wire of Galvani.‘ Who eried ‘ On to Richmond?’ ** NotI, ‘pon my honor. It was shouted out Ly some one in my house, but I don’t know who. never gave him authority. I won't shout anything any more.” Who urged General Scott to fight the battle, aud never gave anybody eny peace till he was ordered to do itt’ “Tt was that other fellow.” “Please, sir, it od it.” r say & word toa soldier again.” “Mr. President knows I didn't.” It is really a most curious study. I begin to think that the best possible instructors inay sometimes be in the wrong at this side of the Atlantic. * The Tribune dectares that General Scott, being absolute master of the situation, is responsible for the battle. But the New York Times gives a statement of what took place before the battle at the Gaveral’s table, wh is provably published with his sanction, as it is impossible 0 suppose a gentleman would print it without express per- ‘mission, from which it would certainly appear that the veteran Commander was not, as [ hinted, a free agent in the matter. Here is the statement:— ir. Russell b furnishes Raymond's Waishington let. ter to the New York 7'imes, commencing with:—General Scott, it is said, discussed the whole subject of this war, in all its parts,and with the ntmost cloarnessand accuracy, He hi tinet and well.detined opinion on every point cont 1 with it, and stated what his plan would be for bringing it to ment of it had been left in his hand: CAN THE GOVE ] ENT MEET A REACTION? —( LAN AT WORK. RAL M'CLEL- It remains to be seen if the plans of General now be follow ott can The reaction along the Mississippi will al Fremont, with great respect s,isnot the man, I fear, to \ ully. thing but gate, iends at Mem! r their General. more interesting or im- not been able to go out Cairo is menace be stirring from Uy I ret that I cannot give an portant inte but T hay for the las to the enmps, as, in common with many peopl ashington, I was Suffering a little from the weather—thunderstorms, rains, bad odors, which produce th al results in garrisops and ill drained However, it is some consolation that there is x of consequence doing. ‘There was an alarm the night before last. Some foolish people got the loan of a steamer and a big gun, and went down the river with them. When they were opposite one of the enemy’s batteries, some three or four mies away, they fired their big gun, and “Oh'd,” no doubt, at the shol as it plashed short in the water. the enemy treating them with a proper silent contempt all the while. Having done this, they returned in the ev d amused them- selves by firing away as hard as they could just below the Long Bridge—I believe without ball—and it may bo imagined there was some commotion, as the reports shook doors and windows. General McClellan is doing his best to get things into order, and the outskirts of the city and the streets are quieter at night; but there is rough work with Zouaves and others in Alexandria—houses burnt, people shot, and such like sports of certain sorts of ‘‘citizon soldiery.” They will soon be shouting “ Money or blood,” if not kept in order and paid. These meu form a marked exception to the general behavior of mayy regiments, An Editorial Defence of Mr. Ruascll. THE IMVRESSMENT OF BRITISH SUBJECTS IN NEW ORLEANS. [From tho London ‘Times, August 13.) There are no people so thoroughly on their good be- vavior before all the world as the two unfortunate parties in the fratricidal contest now raging in America. They have to prove not only their sense of justice and their re- gard for truth, and also that they are not needlessly sensi- Uve or too ready to fall into a quarrel. There is a general persuasion in this part of the world—indeod, all over tho world, oxcept between Niagara and the Gulf of Mexico, that the present state of affairs there is the natural result of a defiant, offensive, and intolerable tone of talking and acting on all matters whatever. The American is rather too apt to consider himself absolately right, and is Weased to think he ig so occasionally to the confusion of others. A high civilization holds it in the greatest of social misfortunes that there should be a difference at all. An American does not regard this as so great a misfor- tune, compared with having toown himself a little mis- taken, or misinformed as toa trifle. With such people, when & quarrel has once arisen, there can be only one ap pea!—that appeal to arms, which has now assumed euch terrible proportions, and the issue of which no man can venture to foretell. But if there is any hope of a com- promise—if, even in own time, we are” ever to see the his seem to i Nor und th + discussing their difterences am itean only be by the introduction of a Less positive, less domineering, less provoking tone than that on which the A ‘icane have hitherto prided themselves, Mr. Russell has been for some time in the United States discharging for the Brit pli, not to say for the whole world, the same services that ho did so well before in the and in India. He hos everywhere had to perform his laborious duties under difticulties in- sivable to most of his readers, and litte shared by 1s compiling harratives at a ‘library down the words of some ¢ had to write in haste, in e in the very tarmoil of war, a menace etill in his He has been occasionally con- tradicted, generelly confessed to be right, and some. times ha fraukly aud ‘ously avowed himself to be mistaken or misinformed. His letters are now before the world in. the form of volumes, and, ‘ ing passed through the or of critics part the literature of his country. has his liberty of speech been so ( his vocation go denounced, as in the United States, A correspondence in another column will show how little support, truthful, exact and candid as he is, he is likely to receive there, even from those who might be supposed above the madness of a mob. Ho had stated that at New Orleans British subjects had ‘been forcibly impressed inte the ranks of so called volun- eors. On their resistanoe he said that they had been are Nowhere sly arraigned, and © grim, dour, sera eoldier | nocked das and dragged off, and only released after on- ergetic representations by the British Consul to the au- thorities. When we find it admitted by Colonel Manning, Aid-de-Camp to the Governor of the State of Louisiana, that there do exist at New Orleans volunteer corps called the Carroll Guards, which he admits to be without any recognized military organization, to be so far beyond the control of the authorities, and’ for whom, therefore, he wisely declines to be responsible, our readers will easily understand how British subjects, in common with other people at New Orleans, would be liable to great out- rago, notwithstanding earnest wishes to the coutrary on the part of the authorities, Those authorities wish’ two things not easily compatible. As politicians they wish to enjoy the benefit of a strong popular feeling and a large force of voluntecrs, A8 the conservators of public order, they wish no man to be forced, and British subjects, at all evends, to be left alone, Mr. Russell frankly admits ‘Vhat they acted on the latter feel'ng as soon as the oppor-* tenity occurred, and that he erred in charging them with a degree of evasion before they released the British subjects who had appealed to the Cor'sular aid, ‘They had been re- leased, itappears, with as little delay as was necessary to receive the statement of their case. “Thus fur thestory is very intelligible, The Carroll Guards go about the work- shops and wharves of New Orleans compelling this man or that to join their ranks. ‘They meet with occasional resistance und excuse, particularly that of being subjects of the British crown, y don’t care much for this, perhaps because they don’t’ believe it, perhaps because they have heard the American theory that every person who Jands in America with the intention of residing there acquires the rights and the duties of an American citizen. ‘The Consul is asked to appeal in their favor, and the Governor, on hearing their statement and that ‘of their tors, lets them go, but not till they have suffer- ed somo detention and outrage. When this is undisputed, when it must be admitted that it was matter for record, and when the Governor of Louisiana cannot think himself ill-used, we do not see why he should seize on the admission that no evasion had been practised to invite general disbelief in Mr. Russell’s statements. In every good 6tiety in this country, when a man frankly confesses that subsequent information leads him to Withdraw or qualify a word, the conclusion is that he sacrifices everything to truth. ’ In the deport- ment of the Governor of Louisiana the conclusion is that he may be safely put out of the question altogether, ‘This is @ matter that shouid be known, for it helps to ilustrate the state of things in the United States; and the government of Louisiana has pot mended matters, or served its cause, by attempting to discredit the inform- ant who has told the simple truth, British Interest in the W: THE GENERAL OPINION OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY. {from the London Times, August 14. Never was there a war in which the people of this country took a greater interest. We watch with the at- most solicitude all the proceedings of the bolligerents, and observe not only the operations of their armies, but the manifestation of popular feeling, with sentiments which no other struggle could excite. We can say impossible to ayoid reflecting that the o two great States may relieve ua from many of the troulles with which we were menaced by the over- leuring policy of the old federal gorernuent, We can safely ase sert that Piglishmen desire nothing more than to see the quarrel terminated and the strife appeased. We wish no ham to either party, and would far ra- ther se@ America strong,” united and prosperous than apecuicte on the avantoges which its prema ture disruption might powity bring to its neighbors, Bat when we have said “this we haye said ail Americans are likely to hear with much sati For the rest, our conclusions are certainly not favorable to those institutions under which this great catastrophe has been matured. bat wi What the Americans call freedom, ‘al! democracy, does not show to advantage ‘The theories adirivuting immeasura- ble superiority to republican forms of government have all been faleificd in the piainest and most striking manner and the list six. month proved beyond ail question that the preponderance of popular will without check or limit is at least as likely to hurry a nation iuto war and debt as the caprice of the most absolute despot or the intrigues of the most seltish of aristocracics. We are not finding fault with the Northern States for going to war. We have repeatedly admitted that the federal. party could not be expected to view the dismem- t of the Union without an effort to avert the loss. ‘h civil war is the most frightful of all wais, the Americans plunged into it with less concern than would h been shown by any European State in adopting a diplomatic quarrel.” Though the people of the South were of the same flesh and blood with the people of the North, and connected with them by a thousand links ef interest and feeling, the Northerners instantly heaped . voy con- ceivable opprobrium on the heads of the Southerners. if the-reader will refer to any speech of any Manchester or he will find the government of the United States extravagantly eulegized for the very qualities of which it is now proved to be utterly destitute, and the Americans exalt- ed beyond all other people on account of gifts which it is plain they never possessed, 1t is this, if the Americans wish to know the truth, which points the remarks of Eng- lishmen on their civil war and its incidents:—It is not that they are any worse, or more foolish, or more intem- perate than was to be expected under the trials to which they have been exposed, but that they have been held up to our admiration by.a certain party among us as a people in whose counsels no intemperance or felly would ever be likely w prevail, When we see that unlimited democracy conveys not the slightest security against the worst of wars and the most reckless extravagance, we may apply the moral at home, and cungratulale ourselves that the old British constitution has not been presipitately remodelled after a Manchester design. The Financial Aspects of the War. MERCANTI® SECESSION SYMPATHISERS IN NEW YORK— DISCOURAGING FINANCIAL REPORTS TO THE LON- DON TIMES, afr nanagenent end , are losing em D i would bring @ larg of allowing secession to tak ersons Now express a belic have to acknowledge the South before the end of the year, but the real tendency of events seams to be more and more in the dircction of the state of affairs that will ren- der both parties glad of a compromise. The federal the government, and mber over to th place peaceably. that the North will 1 troops are stated to have evacuated both Harper's Ferry and f Hampton, and much anxiety was evidently as to the safety of Washington. The opinion was, however, that it would be a great mistake on the part of the Confederates to attack that city. If defeated, they would lose all the prestige gained and, if sucecsstul, they would again unite inst them as one man; while, if they abstain from needless sing animesit i on the defensive, (he orth, it parties, a eveat whies would gr With enlistment, but with the raisit asserted, will soon divide into two tl interfere, not only ‘The exp being esti than £200. : enormous, od authority at considerably more ‘The six per cent discount, and, as th ave only i, this is equal to the r: ten per cent inte As they were being issued as fast as pos sible r depreciation secmed imiminent. ‘The abund: money. at York was much in their favor, 4 par that if, owing to the scale of expen- ditu ndane> should not continue, a rate above r cent will speedily be found ni eile’ troda tials es ec tmests oor grove. oni unsatisfactory, and heavy Tuiliires were again taking especially among the dry goods jobbers. WAR EXPENSES AND WAR TAXES IN {From the London Times, August 14.] Every Englishman knows, the experience of his own country, where the shoe would begin to pinch the American belligerents, In that country, as elsewhere, apy number of ien can be precured to fight, after some fashion, in any cause, good or bad, if they are only well paid, well fed, weil clothed, well housed, and moderately well commanded, with some prospect, if not of booty, at Jeast of a whole skin, So it becomes aquestion of money. A confidence in money alone hs always proved false; but money there must be, and there ts no country in whieh it is more necessary than in the United States, where wages are high and work is abundant. A war will cost there almost as much as it did here, for if the work is nearer home, and the area of the war somewhat less than ‘the whele surface of this terraqueous globe, still, for that very reason, there is much in: terruption of the ordinary pursuits of life. In the first place, all the bonds of debtor and creditor, whether pub or private, and ail the relations of business in cot- ton and other cultivation, are atan end. The State gov- ernments themselves set the example of repudiation by refusing to cash bonds, or coupons, which can be traced to the possession of the other party in the strugg'e. Searching interrogatories are put, and must be answered on oath, before a State will pay interest which may find its way to hostile haads. Meanwhile commerce is inter- rupted by blockades and privateers, and immense works commenced in the depth of peace are stopped by the withdrawal of hands and resources, and not less by a general diminution of confidence in the prospects of tho country. At Washington, financo observes the old forms of Union, and supposes a tax to be levicd on all tho States, It is obliged, however, to condescend to fact, and calculate on the certainty that oniy half the States will respond to the call. So the Congress of Washington is looking the difficulty, as they say there, ‘‘square in the face;’’ not so “square,” however, as they will eno day have to look it. Thero appears to be no difficulty in the authorization of loans to any amount; indeed, at this moment government has large powers for the issve of Treasury notes for three years, and has found the market, we presume, unfavor- able for the exercise of its powers. The real question is how to find a proper basis for loans in an augmented and well paid revenue. This involves taxation, and, unfor- tunately, taxation appears to be a point on which the Fastern and Wostern States of the federal Union are almost as much at variance as both are with the Southern confederacy. The Western States have a parti- cular objection to taxes; and when we read the war budget which the Congress seems finally to have decided on one feels that such an objection may be expressed not only in good sentences on the floor of Congress, but also in a not less formidable manner far West. Besides a di- rect tax of $20,000,000 apportioned among the States, and expected from only half, the new budget proposes a tax upon carriages, varying from one dollar to fifty; a tax upon watches, an excise duty on spirituous liquors of five cents a gallon, and on fermented liquors of sixty cents a barrel; and ageneral tax upon incomes, the rate of which, as well as the incomes liable, is not yet decided. Meanwhile the Morritt tari te untouched cree Ly the im: tion of additional duties. Bvery item in this budget sugg? financial war, as dificult, f not vo sanguinary, as the war in th en cle Pmt there is another question which presents itself to alist before even the solvency of or the final AMERICA. this i nk with any of ou hh the European war, which cost us from first to last. more t nd millions of money, or the Russian war, which cost us a hundred millions tn two years. Tf the government of Washington is obliged to ask fora hundred million dollars to-day, when and how soon will it have to repeat that demand; and how many such demands will it have to make this year, and for how many years? Every such demand will compete in the market with the bonds of the last, and our old folks can remember with what cclerity a promise to pay &%& ayear Peres og ont 80 much as nd Pru- dent le not like buying stock at its present price Perbea they know that twenty or thirty millions more will goon be thrown on the market for what the North: NESDAY, AUGUST 28, 186L it willfeteh, Nor is this the only apprehension to damp the courage of the lender. Already, while this war is ‘still tn its very cradle, the bankers of the seaboard States are suggestivig, in the form of ‘reasury bonds, a very Jarge increase of the paper currency, How long would this be convertible? We may safely predict that if the war lasts as long as it now threatens to last, both sides will be driven to the same pitiable expedient of a depre- ciated paper currency as the mother country was ia & similar extremity. "No doubt there are euthusiasts in the United States who will lend money and buy Treasury bonds for three or ten years, all the more freely because they feel deeply the social and religious aspects of the guerre, jee may, fo, fom ange we jeer, be aboli- tionists and ilarthropiste this country wi = Senn nites he nic mache: ed Ae a i for them rather ‘han a tail ony becuse they care more Jar the credit of the fadeval cause than they do for the amount of their ovn fortune. Wo caunot think, however, there are 80 many such people as largely to affect the quotation of American securities in our market. rston’ 2) Lord Palme: Opinion of General MeCleNa (From the London Pos s Appointment. (Gover: Organ,) Aug. 18.) ‘The appointment of General M’Clellan to the command of the federal army is a circumstance which not unnata- rally has excited considerable ciscussion in the New York papers. By one he is desoribed asa military dictator, who is to act entirely free from the control of General Scott and the War Departinent; and by another a loud complaint is raised because’ the gallant general, in compliance with the intrigues of cortain seltis! politicians at Washington, is to be hampered in tho se- lection of the general and regimental officers who are to serve under his command, But ail the accounts agree in one particular, that General MeCiellan, having accepted the responsible pest of Commander-in-Ghiof, is examining everything with his own eyes, and is endeavorirg to en- fored that stern and rigorous discipline, without which, as the Cisaster at Bull run show: become a disorganized and pu * * * greatarmy may speedily ‘stricken rabble, * * * But when the New York papers talk of a military dictatorship, we hardly know what they mean, Civil war necessarily implies the suspension of ordinary law, and the substitution of the rule of the sword. As far as the mterests: of the North are concerned it matters little whether this extreme power is wielded by the Pres dent at Washington or by the general at the head of the army in the field. Mr. Lincoln, it is admit- ted, has travelled far beyond the principles of the consti- tution. He has proclaimed martial law, he has suspended. the habeas corpus act, and he has ’ deposed and im- prisioned the municipal authorities at Baltimore. We do not say that these measures are not perfectly gustifiable. The indemnity acta of Congress prove them to be so. Mr. Lincoln can delegate to the chief of the army any power which the head of the executive goverment i permitted to exercise; and for the purposes of the campaign it matters little, we repeat, whether Mr. Lincoln or eral McClellan exercise powers: which are beyond the strict letter of the constitution. It still pears to be doubtful whether the Con. federate troops, flushed with success, intend to tack Washington, As their object will be accom- plished by clearing the sesessionist States of federal troops, sound policy would seem to dictate that tho enemy should be quietly left to improve their organi- zation in the comparative security of Arlington Heights. Actual warfare in the United States has now been wae 4 for several months. Every advantage, with tho ex tion of General McClelmn’s successes in W. givia, has been on the side of the South. has ‘the North gained in exchange? A disgrace- ful defeat, an amount of taxation which is unparailcied in the history of European nations, the utter subversion of constitutional liberty, and, by means of prohibitory tariffs, the alienation of the sympathies of their best customers and friends, It appears, further, that slavery isnot the cause of this lamentable contest, “[t arises from commercial jealousy, and thus we see that in Amaica the great battle of free trade as opposed to protection is fought out, not by hustings and platform speeches, but by the ultima vatio regum. The Blockade. ADMIRAL MILNE HAS NOT REPORTED IT AS INEFFI- HENT—ENGLAND'S INTERESTS AND DUTY AS A NEUTRAL POWER. (From the London Post (government organ), August 14.] We believe that we are only stating a simple truth when we say that every dispuie whieh has existed be tween this country and the United States, durmg the present century, has arisen from the susceptibilities of the American people with respcet to some supposed inva- sion of their national dignity and rights. The war of 1812 was occasioned by the right of search—a question which the treaty of Ghent and the Ashburton eapitula- tion alike left unadjusted. The affair of the Caroline, ("Lood’s trial, the Maine boundary and Oregon disputes, ond tho recent Fan Juan diffcuity (now happily forgot- ton), are all examples of the boastful ard offensive spirit in which successive Presidents have endeavored to essert the natal dignity and rights of the once great American people. In the civil war thich at present afflicts the United States the Cabinet at Washington has acted tn striet conformity with puldie law, at least in intention, if not in actual practice Ithas adhered to the declaration of neutral rights an- nexed to the Treaty of Paria, it hax abolished the odious prae= tice of privaterring,and, in imitation of che policy of Enropean nations, ithas practically conceded bewligerents rights to theenemy. It has not treated captured secessionsts as traitors, but has extended to them the usual courtesies ef war. The Southern authorities, on the other hand, haye commissioned letters of marque, and these sea rovers, if the account be true, have proved in a very satisfactory man- ner that the federal blockade, extending over a coast of more than two thousand miles, s only valid on paper An American correspondent, writing from Pensacola the other day, not only stated, but professed to give, the text of a letter in which Admiral Milne, the commander of the British squadron, had officially notified to the Admiralty that the blockade of the Southern ports was altogether On a former occasion we expressed a doubt discret and experienced an officer as Admiral Milne ould have committed an act so obviously Leyond the pale of his duty. The authoritative contradiction which has been given lo this clever American fabrication was sca necessary, because everybody knows, as @ matter of fact, that the federal government does not possess at present a nayal force suificient to close all the Southern ports from Virginia to Texas. All that it cau hope to do is to blockade the most important points, such as the mouths of the Mississippi, and the great seats of the cotton export trade. Weare, however, now informed that by means of gunboats, and other yessels of little draught, an at- tempt is to be made to enforce the entire line of blocka If the federal government can accomplish this obj neutral nations will have no cause of complaint, because the blockade would then be effectual, IT, on the other hand, the attempt should fail, merchant vessels would practically share in the immunit privateers appear at present to e tremely tho coast and compelled to return home, or to sail to New York or Canada, where the freight may be at a discount, and a return cargo cannot be obtained without a great y. Bud these are necessary evils if war; hard, we admit, to be which the Southern Of course it is ex- which spring from a st endured by innocent parti ag as the action of the federal government is in conformity with public law, no one hi right to compli When the American in. courts condemn foreign vessels for the breach of a mere paper blockade, the intervention of racy will then be requisite, but at present no case has occurred either to merit or command the mterf tf noutral Pow w Admiral Milne had mac rt which has b tributed to him, the nment would 1 just right of comp! questions of validity of blockades are not within the jurisdiction of an admiral commanding a squadron in'the neigh- boring seas, JutLelong to those great couris which, either in Uelligercnt or neutral countries, administer the law of na- tions. Knowing and fully appr ting the feelings with. which the poopie of America regard every expression of foreign opinion, we are, upon the whole, glad that this idie story has received pot only timely but official contra- diction, If Adm! M had volunteored the statement. which has been attributed to him, the Northern pcople, who are not likely to be much ‘pleased with Engiish criticism and comments upon the recent battle of Ball ron, would say that England preferred the pursuit of cotton to the obligations of honesty and fair pl As Lord Palmerston at the commencement of the contest Stated, every question of neutral rights must be decided. vhen a fitting case arises. Thi ngency has not yet ‘ived; and if the federal gover ent can succeed iu efficiently maintaining so engrmons a blockado, it will in all probabil never occur. ° It 1s the duty of this coun. try, in the terms of her Majesty's declaration, to observe strict and impartial neutrality. For simply doing this Engiand has been abused and villified by the Northern press, and Canada was to be annexed to compensate for the loss of the South. We can afford to despise all this ludicrous and finpotent malice, but as happily we have hitherto escaped all diffenities about American native dignity and rights, let us leave the two contending par- ties to fight their battle as best they may, without the slightest interference or even advice on our’ part. If the blockade be ineffectual, neutral commerce will comy ively suffer little injury; if effectual, the first. pri of mitlic Taw tell 1s that we must obey with a good grace, however dis- agreeable the restriction may be for one gr staple of British industry and British wealth. The Austro-English Alliance. IMPORTANT SPEECHES OF THE ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN, MR. ROEBUCK AND THE AUSTRIAN MINISTER. The promised visit of the Archduke Maximilian, of Anstria/to the docks at Southampton, took place on the 5th inst. : ‘The Corporation presented him with an address. In reply, he said—My country is now constitutional, like your own, and is full of aptitude for freedom, and in many respects resembles England more than any other land. I live in the conviction that each day will see stronger sympathies spring up between Great Britain and Austria, and that, therefore, the two empires will Le po- litieally and commercially drawn towards each other. ‘At the deeuner Mr. Roebuck spoke at con- siderable length culogising the attempt of the Emperor of Austria to introduce constitutional govern- ment into his dominions, and denouncing the prejudices and ignorance he had met with in carrying out his de- sign. Mr. Rocbuck said the Emperor would be opposed by faction and demagogues: would the people of England support him in all these difficulties ? i ‘The Austrian Fmbassador spoke and expressed his be- lief that Austria would Le more closely moceliled upon the stitutions of Evigland than any other Continental Slate could be. Cotton Does Not Rule the Inclinations of Englishmen. [From the London Herald (ie n), August 12.] It is quite true that many millions ot people in England earn their broad by cotton; and that cotton we must have. But it is equally true and apparent that the Southern States of America are not the only flelds from which cot- ton can be got, and that since the employment of seve- ral millions of people involves the investment in the cotton spinning trade of a great many millions ef capi- tal, that capital will not allow itself to perish, and will find cottgn elsewhere if America ceases to furnish it. If the békers in London were to strike and shut up, we do not imagine tat thereore London would be Jorg without bread, Nor need the Southern States imagine thai they hold the keys ef all the cotton ressrves in tho world. Englishmen would desire of all things that this really fruitless war should cease, and that cotton should stil! come to them from their knsmen. But Englishmen repudiate, on the other hand, having fastened upon them @ pro: interest and a pro-slavery sympathy, by the enun- ‘ctation of the unfounded notion, that of they cannot get cot- on through ‘avrg they wel go withoud, of Cotton in Liverpool—low Long May Keep the Mills Going. {From the London News, August 12.) he computed stock of cotton at Liverpool on last Fri- day evening was 986,070 bales, against 1,208,320 at the ‘Saino period of last year, when thejquantity was unusu- ally large. As regards the American qualities the stock is equal to about twenty weeks’ at vale lately witnessed; at this time last year ¢ was estab to twenty-eight weeks’ consumption. re then remains the inportens difference, as determining the market price, that last year there was every prospect of the American supply Coming forward as usual, wherens now: that supply is ordered to be stopped. Another point to be Weighea is that the draught upon our stock for exportation will probably be larger this year than usual, as continental, and, perhaps, even American consumers will fall upon our market. This renders it the more requsite that we should diminish our own consumption. As the home ‘trade’? have of late possessed themselves of a considerable sup- ply by buying at Liverpool, it is computed that the stock i they hold is of about the samo amount as last ‘These are only afew of the more prominent considera- tions, pro and con, which have to be estimated in at- tempting to arrive at conclusions respecting the probable future course of the cotton trade. We have adduced sut- ficient to convinee the general reader of the serious, not to fay critical, character of the present condition of ‘affairs, At the sate time, although the progress of apprebension is broadly indicated by the unprecedented extent of the business cone in the Liverpool cotton market during the last 81x weeks, it would be wrong to omit from the ace count @ number of points favoring the presumption that we shall yet tide quietty over a considerable period before we arrive at the much dreaded cotton scarcity, whiel seems to be gradually creeping nearer and nearer. ‘There remains, then, only the anxious questions, never absent from the mind of the cotton speculator—Will any portion of the American supply come forward, and if 80, what portion? Will the Ulockade be maintained in a to secure ils continued recognition by England, Francs ont other Slates? Assuming that this potnt i8 resclved in the af Supply Jfirmative, what quantity of cotion will run the gaunttet ‘the blockading squadron? Given, a scarcity of the arti and a high price at Liverpool and Manchester, at Havre and Mulhouse, together with an abundant supply in the Confederate States, and what will be the result? ‘These are a class of questions the solution of which rests with the future The British Fleet for North America. [From the London Times, August 12.) ‘The screw steam frigate Immortalitic, 51, Capt. George Hancock, left Plymouth Sound on Saturday morning for North America. English Artillery from India for Canada. (From the London Times, August 12.) Three batteries of Royal Artillory have beon ordered from India to Canada, ‘The force will proceed overland upwards of 1,000 miles. Two hundred horses for the Royal Artillery are on passage for Canada. News from the Coast of Africa. THE SLAVE TRADE EXCEEDINGLY ACTIVE. ‘The royal mail steamship Ethiope, Captain French, baw arrived at Liverpool with a month’s later advices from the West coast of Africa, and 2,500 ounces of gold dust. Her Britianie Majesty's ship’ Prometheus, Commander Bedingfield, senior oiticer of the south division, arrived at Fernando Po on the 27th of June, from the south, having been relieved by the Alecto, Commander Raby. She re- ported the South coast very unhealthy. Several Eure- peans had ied on the Congo, at Fish Bay, and other places. The slave trade is stiil very brisk, and in consequence legal trade dull; it was anticipated that some of the fac- tories would have to close. Captain Bedingfield had been in active co-operation witt the American squadron, and had taken two vessels fitted for slaves in the Congo river; als> a Spanish schooner, the Jacinto, The Wrangler, R. N., bad taken an American bark, supposed to be the Ardennes, with 495 slaves om board. The notorious slaver Storm King had come into Mingo Grando’with a legal cargo (American flag ani pa- pers). but hearing there were slaves to b> had, pitched her cargo overbuard, shipped a large number of slaves, and got away clear, ‘The steamer General Miramen (formerly the Greenock) had shipped a cargo at Kasinds in four Lous, using Ame- rican, Portuguese and Spanish colors to suit the cruisers she happened to meet. Everything is done under the American fiag until the slaves are actually on board, 80 that two or three English cruisers have very little chance to take prizes or check the trade. OUR ARMY CORRESPONDENCE. HRADQUARTERS THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, ARLINGTON Harcuts, August 23, 1861. € Grand Pageant on Arlington Heights—A Day at the Sea of War—March of the Thirty-seventh Regiment from Alexandria to Arlington—Hosyitable Reception by the Afichigan Second, dic., dc. McCunn's brigade has beon distributed among other brigades recently, and the Thirty-seventh regiment, which Colonel McCunn commands, is for the present at- tached to General Richardson’s command. Yesterday, little before noon, the Thirty-severth regiment received orders to move from their encampment outside of Alex- andria and march to Fort Albany, on Arlington Heights, The march commenced within four hours afterwards. The distance was some ten miles, over hilly roads, crossed by rivulets in several places, and muddy overywhore, owing to the recent rains. ‘The evening was sultry; but, notwithstanding, not only. was every man in the corps ready to turn out, but notasingle man fell out of the ranks from fatigue till we reached our present camping Bround. One of the streams which we wero obliged to cross was some two feet in depth, and the scenes at crosa- ing it were very ludicrous in some instances. An attemps was made to pass over dry shod by taking down part of the neighboring fences and fastening planks to form @ bridge; but, though some time was spent in this way, the bridge was a failure, and the majority had to dash through the water. This was doue amid roars of Janghter, as the men splashed ench other, or Knocked one another down in the water. The bridge gave way, precipitating five or six mom Dreadside into the stream at one time. At last we reached our destination, and there the scene was grand, All the regiments in the vicinity were drawn up to cheer us as we passed along them, and the Michigan Second ‘was drawn up to receive us. General Richardson invited Colonel McCnnn and his officers to have supper with him—an invitation whi was accepted without hesita- dion, as the night ns of rain Colonel McCanm Inhored without delay, and successfully, to have the mem of his regiment under cover. After arriving at Arlingtom the scene presented to my yiow was the grandest lever Doheld, and for that reason I wil! give some idea of what The Thirty-coventh drawn up in line near rters of neral Richardson. ‘The head- are ma fine octagonal house, with a cupola, ing a splendid prospect, snrmounting it. the regimental fag of the Thirty-seventh: un- derneath were the guns of many fortifications, the tents of many brigades, and the soldiers of many gallant regi- ments: while further away shone the soit bright waters of the Potomac, and beyond them the capital, which it is our pride and privilege to defend. As secn as the flag was raised over the headquarters and unfolded to the breeze, the regimental band struck up the “Star Spangled Ban- ner’? and many other patriotic airs, It was grand to see the regiment as it wound its way through the woods, with its masic playing and banners flying,.as it was cheer- ed and bidden farewell by the huzzas of other regiments and the roar of artillery during its march; bat all was culminated, all was exceeded in the magnificence and brilliancy of the pageant on the summit of the Heights of Arlington, when the scene I have described occurred, im view of the capital—the city bearing the name of the greaf military chieftain who founded the republic which the troops then in view are assembled to preserve. This morning all goes well. The teats of the regiment are be- ing pitched, the rain is over, the sun shines brightly, and the men are refreshed and merry. Many of the regimonts at Alexandria, as wellas ours, have deen recently removed to the vicinity of Arlingtow Heights, which you may be assured are now impregnable. his Wave Law Intelligence IN CHAMBERS, Before Judge Sutherland. The Trustees of the Columbia College, New York, os. BR. ward C. Delavan.—Judgment for plaintiff. E. Pearson vs. George M. Munson.—Referred to Mr. B, Lippingwell to take process on the question of the place of residence of defendant, Jane Wilson, and to report the game, With his opinion. In the matter of Lewis Catont.—Certiorari allowed. In the case of James C. Willet, Sheriff, vs. the quit. table Fire Insurance Company.—The amount heretofor allowed is reduced to an allowance of $50. SPECIAL TERM—DECISIONS. IncranaM, J.—James Gould vs. Samuel F. Butter. worth.—Judgment for defendant. yINION.—This was an action comménced before the ais The declaration was for moneys had and received by defendant for the use of the plaintiff. ‘The claim war for moneys received by defendant on an order by Stark on the Post Office Department, on account of con. tract made with Slark and the plaintiff after, as plaintif! alleges, Stark had transferred to him the use and intereet je contract, o Was, it not material at this time to inquire whether, after the plaintiff had charged on the defendant an intené to defraud him, by obtaining the draft, with the knowiedge of the plaintiff's rights, he might not recover. No such allegation is made, and there is no evidence to warrant such aconclusion. Upon the facts, as proven, my conclu. jons are:— bi 1. The assignment by Stark was only 4 part of the con- tract as made with the United States in October, 1837. It so, the interest under the new contract was not trans- fering. bale by 2. The parties by their acts sanctioned the dra cach poriion ‘of his half of the proceeds under that con- i Ao abeequettt notice of the name of the firm to the plaintiff does not alter the rights of the partic. | 4. The payment being made toacreditor for articles originally furnished for carrying out a contract, w ithout. ‘of a change in the rights of the parties, will not authorize any action for money ad and recovered by the plaintiff. The plaintifl’s remedy is against the partner of a No. ereraiapl jon of fraud on the pert of tho defendant canbe indulged. ‘The money was not paid through any fraud or concealment of the defendant, but after full Prtice to the parties. ‘The claims of all were submit Lefor the payment. If the plaintifi’s claim to the money was valid, then the United States paid the draft on their Own wrong, and the plaintiff's claim remains good against them. The money paid under suchscircumstances was the money of the United Stater—not ‘the money of the y tiff, If improperly paid, the United States should Plaine wenot the DlaipLs Judgment for whe da no