The New York Herald Newspaper, August 24, 1861, Page 2

2 ; THE MAILS OF THE CANADA. Bernal Osborne, MZ. P., on the Mor- rill Tarif as the Cause of the War in America. Mr. Russell’s Second Letter on the Battle of Bull Rud. The Steamship Etna Spoken when Four Days Out, &e., &., &o, The mails of the Canada reached this city from Boston yesterday evening. Our London files aro dated to tho 10th of August, and contain the following very interesting de- ‘tails of the news tolegraphed from St. Johns, Newfound- land. The London Shipping Gazette, of the 9th of August, re. ports the steamship Etna as spoken thus:— Etna (#8), from Liverpool for New York, aor 4, lat, 51 N, long.'25 W. THE DEFEAT AT MANASSAS. jecond Letter to the London Timés. GENERAL REFLECTIONS ON THE EVFECTS OF THE KETREAT FROM BULL RUN—THM “SPRCIAL CORRESPONDENT’? COMPLIMENTS THE AMERICAN PRES! AFTER AN ENGLISH FASHION, ‘Wasunctos, July 24, 1861. As no one can say what a day or a ht may “bring forth, particularly in time of wa:,I avail myself of a chance of probable quiet, such as it is, amid the rolling of drums, the braying of trumpets and ‘bands, tho noise ‘of ma ching men, rolling of wagons, and general life and Activity in the streets, to write some’ remarks on the ac- tion at Manassas or Bull run, Of its general offects abroad, and on tho North and, South, a larger and perhaps a better view can be taken from Europe than on this side of the Atlantic. There is ® natural and intense anxiety to learn what impression will be made abroad by tho battle—for, notwithstanding the w and insolent arrogance of the least reptitatle por- ion of the press in the United States, generally conducted by aliens or persons who have left Grea! Britain ™m cause— it is felt hat the result of the action mist have very strong influences over the fortunes of the conteuding par- ties, partiealarly in the money market, to which re- course must be in fear and trembling. It would be swell not to arrive at hasty conclusions in reforence to the bearing of the defeat on the actual struggle. Those who are peceualee that the North must and will subjugate the South see in the disaster merely a prolengation of the war, Joss of material, or even an increment of hope spirit it will arouse, as they think, among the Unionists. - Others regard it as an evil omen for the com- promise they desire to effvct, as it will give the North anothor insult to avenge, and inspire the South with addi. ‘tional confidence. The Confederates will accept it as proof demonstrative of their faith that the North cannot conquer them, and may take it into their heads to corroboraie it by an at- tempt to inflict on the North that with which they have ‘boon menaced by the Cabinet of Washington and its sup- porters. ‘ “What will England and Franco think of it?” is tho question which is asked over and over again. The news must go forth in its most unfavorable form, and it will be weeks, if ever, before the North cau set a great victory to the credit side of its books against the Confederates. CAN THE CABINET SUSTAIN ANOTHAE DEFEAT /—THE RCAR OF TMB REMEL GUNS SWEKPING AWAY Ti POLITICIANS. In thirty days or so tho question will be answered— not hastily or angrily, in spite of provocation and of- fence, but in the spirit of honorable neutrality. In the Statos one thing is certain—the Cabinet will resist the pressure of the mob or be hurled out of office. If they Yiold to the fanatics and fight battles against the advice of their officers they must be beaten; and the tone of Now York indicates that a second defeat would cost ‘thom their political existence. They can resist such pres- aure in future as has been bri ht on them hitherto by pointing to Bull run, and by saying:—"s forcing general Scott against his wishes, Mr. Chase, the Secretary of the ury, is perhaps the only man who bore up againat the disheartening intel- ligence of Monday morning; but Mr. Seward and others @re recovering their spirits as they find that their army waa more frightened than burt, rnd that the confede- rates did not advance on the capital immediately after their success. Jt wasa sad rude sweep of the brovm to the Ccobweb-spinners—to the spider politicians, who have been Taying out warps in all directions, and are now lying frowsy heaps among the ruins of their curious arlisices. Nothing can restore them to their places in the popular estimation; nothing could have kept them there but the id and complete success of their policy and the speedy fulfilment of their prophecies. ‘GE FOOTSTEPS OF TUR ‘MAN OF TTR TM ‘WASHINGTON. a ‘The sword they have drawn is held over their heads bg the hands of some ecming man whose face no one can see yet, but his footsteps are audible, and ‘tie graund shakes be- neath his tread. If Mr. Lincoln were indeed a despot, with the genius to lead or direct an army, now would bo his time. All the odium which ceuld be heaped upon him by his enemies, all the accusaticns that could have been Preferred North and South, have*been fully urged, ‘and he could not add to them by leading his army to vic ory, while with victory would certainly come the most unezampld popularity, and perhaps an exiraerdinary and tentireof power. ‘Ihe campaign would be one worthy of a Napoleon,-nor could it be determined by even $500,000,000 and 500,000 men, unless they were skilfully handled and well economi If popular pas- sion be excited by demagogues, and if it be permitted to affect the councils of the State, it is easy to foresee the end, though it is not so easy to predict by what steps ruin wil bo reached at last.” The Ministers are already ordered to resign by the masters of the mob, and suffer a {ust punishment for their temporary submission to the clamor of the crownless monarchs of the Northeast. The Secretary at War, Mr. Cameran, whose brother fell at tho head of his regiment in the field, is accused of making the very submission—which was indeed « crime if over it Occurred—by the very people who urged it upon him, and there aro few Ministers who escape invective and to- sinuation. VALUE OF THE UNION SENTIMENT OF THR NORTH. The great question to be decided just now is the value of thé Union sentiment in the North, Will the men and tho moncy be forthcoming, and that soon cnough to con- tinue the war of aggressicn or recuperation against the Soceded States? The troops here compiain of want of mo- fey, and say they are not paid. If that be so, there is Proof of want of funds, which, if it lasts, will prevent the posh ooicpeteabed imped army,and J think it would fe to rely on the present army, or to depend on many ra the regiments till they have Leen edb -aintertcrs it must be remembered that the United States is about to lose the services of some 80,0¢0 men, many of whom have already gone home. These are the ‘three month's men,” called out under the President’s proclamation. @hether they will enlist for tho term of threo years, now pro] , cannot be determined; but, judging from their words they will not do so if their ‘Present officors are continued or recommissioned. At all -eventa, they will nearly all go home to bo ‘‘ mustered out Of the service,” as it is called, in regiments, at tho ex- -Pense of the government. It is reported in Washington ‘that steps wore taken long ago to supply the places of the wetiring battalions, and that thero were algo offers of vighty-threo battalions, which have been accepted by the government, sent in as soon as the news of the disaster at Bull run was communicated to the North. How the to leave ina day or (wo were sent into the at all is one of the mysteries of the War Department. COOTTON AS KING ON THE BULL RUN FIRLD—118 CLANCES AND DANGERS OF THE REBEL CAUSE. ‘While Congress has been passing bills of pain and penal Mr. Ruasell’s S ce the rsnlt of tho Cabinet, tles, confiscat: rebel preperty,and amonding sundry daches in the code, as weil as filling up rat holes, through which conquered and runaway secessionists ight escape, in the laws and body of the constitution, ‘the conquest is suddenly deferred, and cotton stands king om the battle “We are glad of it,” ery the ex- roms abolitionisis, ‘actually delighted, because now ‘slavery is doomed.’’ Tho extreme depression which fol- lowed after the joy and delight causcd by the erroneous ‘etatements of victory, compicte and brilliant, has been gradually disappearing in proportion to tho inactivit ‘the enemy or to their errno take advantage of t! Guccess by immediate action. The funds havo recovered @ud men are saying, “Well, it’s not so bad as it might have been.” Tho eye of faith 4s turned on the future, the cye of speculation 4s directed on the hoards of capital, and there ia a firm belief that some clever person or anothor will ‘succeed in inducing Jobn Bull to part with a little of his surplus cash, for which he will receive egregious per- Centago. If the bulk of tho capital and population of the North is thrown into thia strvggie, there can be but one hope for the confederales—trilliant victories om the battle , which must kad to ition wom forei, Powers. The fight cannot go on for ever, and if the Confederafe States mect with reverses— ff their capital is occupied, their Congress dispersod, their territory (that which they claim as theirs) ‘occu- ied, they must submit to the consequences of defeat. is not that equally true of their opponen s? On what ground can the United States, which were founded on successful rebellion, claim exemption from the universal- law which they did 80 much to estaklisb? CONSTERNATION OF GENERAL SCOTT AND TOR BRESIDENT AT THN NEWS OF THE REVERSE—IHE REBELS HAVE NO CAUSE FORK GREAT JOY. Whatever the feelings of the North may be now, there ean be no doubt that the reverse at Manassas coused deep mortification and despondency in Washington. Gen. Scott. whether ho disapproved, as it is said, the movement on. ‘wards or not, was certain that the Confederates would be de feated. Every bour messengers were hurricd off from the Held to tho ond of the wire some miles away, with reports Of the progress made by the troops, and every hour the delegrams brought good tidings up to four o'clock or so, ‘when the victory seemed decided in favor of the federal. ists; at least, the impression was that they had gained the day by driving the encmy before them: Then exe Aho news of the necessary retirement of the troops; ne vertheless, tl ts affirmed that up to eight o'clock in the even Ang General Scott believed in the ultimate success of the Unit ed Slates troops, who, under his own immediate orders, had never met with a reverse. The President, the Secretary of. ‘War, and other members of the government, were a3 ®embled in the room where the telegraph operator was at work far into the night, and as the oracles of fate un coiled from the wires gloom gathered on their faces, and at last, crave and silent, they retired, leaving hope Wchind prem. It must have been to them a time of anxiety be fyond words; but of old the highest honors were given to Sim who in calamity and disaster did not despair of the republic. And it is to the credit of the President and his advisers that they have recovered their faith in the ulti- ‘mate success of their cause, and think they can subju. gee the South after all, Uf the coufedgrates have suf. NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, AUGUST 24, 1861. fored heavily in the battle, as is believed to be the case, they may be disheartened in spite of news of @ socond uprising and levee en masse in may not be without an unfavorablo effect on their ardor. Such men as Wade Hampton, who is reported killed, leave gaps in their ranks not readily filled, and the num: bor of colonels rey to be Aors de combat would indicate a considerable loss. But the raw levies are not likely to Be Ringer ap Se months to come, and it is difficult to see ww for anything untib get proper offi- tera, thane of ind aSenited restucnta whol have feast. ly come in are more mobs, without proper equipments, uniforms or arms; others are in these respects much bettor, marching well and looking like soldiers, but still no b-tter than the troops who were besten. It i not cou. rage (ueed it be said?) which is wanting—it is officers; and without them men are worth little or nothing. The men of some regiments fought well; others did not. ‘There was. little or no difference between the privates of the one and those of tho other; there was lya marked distinction between the officers. The West Point cadets will ail be used up by tho increase of tho regular army cf tho United States to 40,000 men, jutt agreed upon by Congress, after disputes between tho Senate and the House of Roprescntatives, and the bulk of tne officers with military experience and education are provided for already. ‘THE DISPUTES OF PROFESSIONAL AND QUACK MILITARY MEN. ‘The President is not exempt from tho fate of the unfor- tunato in all republics, but he has yet a good deal of ‘the future to draw upon, and the people are amused by changes among the military commanders, and by threats and promises, for which they will have’ to pay before the quarrel is adjusted. It is so genorally asserted that General Scott did not approve the advance, for which his plans wore not matured (and it is 80 probable, too), that it may be believed by those who haye not greatest faith in tho firmness of his character, and think he might bo inducéd to give ordors for the exec! tion of ill-conceived and hasty projects, or, at all events, to precipitate operations without the necessary conditions of success, It is certain the country was becoming fret- ful end impatievt, and that men like Mr. Wilson, Chair- man of tho Military Committce of the Senate, were loud in. their complaints of the delays and inac- tivity of the army and of its chief, and of tho pretensions of the regular officers.’ The schism which must always exist between m prof and quacks, tetween regular soldiers and volunteers, has been greally widened by the action on Sunday. ‘The volunteers indulge in severe reflections on tho gone- ralship of the commander; the regulars speak with con- temptuous bitterness of the inefficiency and cowardice of the volunteer officers. The former talk learnedly of the art of war, and [ead cruelty of being led like sheep to the slaughter, latter, without detracting from tho courage of the men, inveigh against those who directed their regiments on the field; and the volunteer privates are glad to add their testimony against many of tho officers, whose pride in uniforms and gold lace did not permit them to soil them in the smoke of gunpowder, It is remarkable that so,much hankering after military reputation should be uccompanied—in some instances at least—by an absenco of any military spirit. ‘Tho tone in which some officers speak of being “whipped” is almost boastful and exultant. Last night I heard one declaring he thought it was a good thing they were beaten, us it would put an ond to the fighting; “be uite sure none of his men would ever face the erates again.’ Another wes of opinion that it was lucky they had not advanced much further, as in that case they could net have escaped so well. "And so on. It would be, Iam certain, as unjust to the bulk of the officers to suppose they entertain such sentiments as these as it would be in the last degres untrue to say that their men were destitute of courage and were not ready to fight any enemy, if fairly disciplined and properly led; but the expression of these things is indicative of tho want of proper esprit militaire, and_ it should be repre- hended by those who wish to cstublish the loyalty of tho volunteer army. THK FIGHTING OF THE GERMANS, IRISH AND SCOTCH—DIP ANY TMSHMAN FALIRK IN HIS ALIRGIANCE TO THE UNION? No doubt the papers will furnish detailed lists of killed and wounded, if you have any fancy to publish them, and columns of letters from the soldiers, and pages of incidents of the battle which may be consulted by the curiovs; but there is a concurrence of testimony to the good conduct of Bleuker’s mans, the —Sixtyty-nin ish) and the Seventy-ninth ’ (Scotch). Captain vr, indeed, Tam told, yielded to tho versal panic, and was sean on foot at Centreville making the best of his way towards Fin't Corcoran, with exclamations which implied that for the moment he recognized the Souikern confeleracy as highly Lellizerent. Colonel Corcoran, con- spicvous by his great stature, bemg a man of six fect and a half in height, was an object of attraction to the enemy, and is lying dangerously, if not mortally, wounded, The Khode Island regiment has been, however, the most favored by the voice of praise, though many competitors 89 now putting in c'aims for at least equal honor. REPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY OFFICERS. There are various statements in referenco to the conduct of the regular cavalry and infantry. The regular oflicers admit that at ono time th ry gave » but they did not break or fly; they were rallied, drew ‘up in line again, and sl.owed front to the eucmy.’ The regular ofi- cers declare that it was the infantry which saved the ro- treat, covering it steadily in ccnjunction with the Ger- mans; and the losses of the United States’ Marincs argue ‘that they had a large share of the enemys fire. The ar- tillery who lost their guns speak, as artillery will do under the circumstazces, of the infantry which deserted them; and the general officers, who must after all bo the best judges, bear strong testimony to the good services and general steadiness of the regulars engaged in the action. MR. RUSSELL MAKES VERY SERIOUS ASSERTIONE—ZU8 UNION TROOTS MADE NO RAYONET CHARGE, TOOK NO BATTERIRS, NOR ANNIDILATED ANY CAVALRY. When the statements in tho American papers are com- Pared with the facts Iam aware it will be neceassary to rely a little on “character,” in asking faith for what Ire- port. There wes nol a Layone! charge made by the federalist infantry during the day; there was not a charge of any kind made by the cenfederatecarairy upon any reyiment of their enemy until the latter brcke.. There was not a hand-to- hand encounter between any regiments. There was not a single ‘‘Lattery charged” or taken by the federalists. There were no masket bat in play by the former. There was no cnnihitation of rebel horse by Zouares, Five or other. A volley fired by’ ono battalion emptied’ three saddles among a body of horse who appeared at some dis- tance, and the infantry which performed tho exceution then retired. There were no desperate struggles except by those who wan’ed to get away, The whole matter in plain English amounts to this. WIIAT THR CONFLICT WAS IN ITS OPINION. The Federalists advanced slowly, but steadily, under the fire of thoir artillery, driving the enemy, who rarely showed out of cover, in line before them, and gradually forced thom back on the right and centre for a mile and a half towards Mannassas. As tho enemy fell back they used their artillery also, and there was a good deal of pounding at long ranges with light fleld guns, and some heavier rifled ordnance, the line on both sides being rarely within 500 yards of cach other, On ono occasion the regiments on the right were received by a musketry fire from the enemy which induced them to fall back, but they were rallied and let forwaid toward toward the front. The confederates again gave way, aad the fed ralists ad- vanced onco more. Again the line of the enemy appeared infront, and delivered fire. The Zouayes,as they aro called, and the Eleventh New York, which were on ths flank, fell into confusion not to be rallied, and eventually retired from the field in disorder,to use tho mildest term, with a contagious effect on their com- rades and with the loss of the guns which they were supporting. Nothing would, or could, or did stop them. In vain they were. reminded of their oaths to “avenge Elisworth’s death.” Their flag was displayed to the winds, it had Icst its attractions. They ran in all dircetions’ with a speed which their fortune favored. “Ttell the tale as it was told to me” by one who had more to do with them, and had better opportunity of witnessing their conduct than I had, for, as I have already stated in a previous letter, 1 was late on the ground, and had not been able to seo much ere the retreat was ordered. "i WE SHOULD BE THANKFUL THR REBELS DID NOT TAKE Wasn- INGION. Though I was well mounted, and had left Washington with the intention of returning carly that night, I found fugitives had preceded moin masses all the way, and when l crossed the Long about eleven o'clock, I was told. that the city was full of thoso who had returned from the fight. But, if the miserable route and panic of the fed- oralists have produced such deplorable results to their cause, they have still much to be thankful for. Had the Confederatesteen aware of their success, and fol- lowed wp their advantage early on Mondag morning, there was no reason on earth why they should not hav either got into Washington or compellid the whole of the federalist army that kept together and could not escape, as it vas all on one road, to surrender themselves prisoners, with alt they pos- sessed. Hf tho statements in the federalist papers as to their strength be correct, the rebels could have easily spared thirty thousand men for that purpose, with a reserve of ten thousand or fifteen thousand in their rear, The chain bridge, the fords above tho Falls were open to them—at least there could be but lit- tle or no opposition fromthe disorganized forees. Tho columns moving round from Fairfax to their left by Vi- enna would have been able certainly to cross at Matikia- ville; others could have got over at the Falls, and still there would have been enough to pormit Beauregard to occupy Manarsas, and to send on a heavy column to cover Alexandria and to shut up the federalists in the earthworks and tele de pont, not to wrest thera from troops deeply affectod by the rout they were witnessing. If the Confederates bad the cavalry of which so much has been said, they were scandalously handled. A detour by across road from Centreville to the Germantown road would have placod the horse in the rear of the retreating mass in half an hour, and it is not too much to say that mass would have thrown iteclf on the mercy of the pursuers. If Beauregard’s or Lee's force was small, as they say, and suffered as much as the federalists aver, the flight is the more incomprehensible. Bat still it is very strange that the victors should not have been aware their victory—that is, of the utter rout which followed their repulse, The at- témpt to form Hine on the top of Centreville, only partially Successful ag it was, might have imposed on the enemy, and saved McDowell from the pursuit which he did his best to avert. The journals, which at first boasted of the grand Union army of 45,000 men, are now anxious to show that only 20,000 were engaged. Why did the other 25,000 run away. The German rgiment under Colonel Blucker, and perhaps some other corps, may have retired in good order, but eventually few withstood the incessant alarms, ‘The rain, which commenced on Monday merning early, may have bad much to do with the undisturbed retreat of the federalists, as the enterprise and activity of the enemy would be much diminished in consequence, and as for the beaten army, it has been always observed that troops hold together and march well in rai But with all allowances and excuses, it is still mysterious inac- tivity. Jobnston, whose junction with 40,000 men is said to have taken place (if he had half the number it is more than I give him credit for) on the morning of the battle, must have swelled tho forco under Lee and Beauregard Yo 70,000 men at the least. He is the best omic in the Confedera army, and it is betieved that he is alre: Away operating in Western Virgiuia. There is a silence in the 1 p despatches and telegrams from the West and South wostern camps of the federalists which justifies the secessionist rumors of disaster in th uarters The Confederates by moving out to meet McDowell anticipated the engagement, and brought on th action sooner than he expected, 80 much so that he was obliged to break up his column, and turn out the re. giments right and left as well as he could to bring them into line. Tt would seem as if they were aware of his Plans, for t uey disregarded the movements on their right, aud did oot exbibit avy activi: y there till Lhe force oppo site their left began t » Whoreupon they mu an attempt on the left hank of the Tederaliats, which add- od to the alarm of the rotiring army , ‘THK WORK OF ARMY RRCLURRATION COMMENCED. Tn my last letter, sent at fous o'clock on Tuesday morn- ing by special courier to Boston, where it arrived in time for the Wednesday packet of Jul; 24,1 brought down my arrative to the Monday preceding, such ag it was, and have nothing to add to it of much consequence, One of tho first acts of tho Sccrotary of War, on being mado aware of the reverse, was to telegraph to Gen. McClellan to come to Washington, and to demand reinforcements from the Governors of the Northern States, as well as to put the authorities at Fort McHenry on their guard against a rising in Baitimoro, On Tuesday, tho rain having ceased in the morning ear- ly, the streets were crowded with baggage carts and with soldiers, who wandered up and down astonishing the natives ‘with anecdotes of battle, and doing anything but duty with tha regiments ‘These men have Low been coerced by the mounted pa: rols to repair to tho ren- dezvous assigned for them by Gen shield or to go to duranoe vile; but, for, ths whe day and night, the capital presented an extraordinary aspect, to which o doeper interest was lent by the arrival of wagons and ambulancos of wounded, A RID TO ARISNOTON HEIGHTY—THE SHORLESS SOLDIERS MORE RESPECTABLE THAN THE ZAR ROOM OFFICERS, Waonxspay, July 24. Before breakfast I rode over the Longbridge to Arling: tov. There were groups of soldiers, mostly without arms or bolts, some few shoeless, a good many footsore, going along tho ground or standing in the streets of the city engaged in the occupation called “loafing” in these parts. Several of tho men stopped me to inquire after the diffe rent regiments to which they belonged. They wore de- Jected and broken looking follows, but, at all events, their mein was more becoming than that’ of their oficers, who are crowding about the hols and talking of their ‘whipping’ with complacency and without sham’, ‘A Wushington paper, alluding to the demoralization of the regiments yesterday evening, calls on those officers ‘to forego one day's duty at the Lars and hotels,”” and to re turn totheir corps, Thorsinds of men follow tho example of their superiors. ‘Tho necessities of others compel tiem to sook out the quarters of the regiments, that they may A NEEDY WARRI.G ASKS THE ‘SPECIAL’ TOR A MONKY LOAN—THOMAS TRANCIS MEAGHER AND IIS WHITE CLAKGER, One man dressed in uniform had the impudence to come into my room to-day, and, after a series of anecdotes, which would furnish a stupendous sequel fo Munchausen, as to his valor, ‘masked batteries,’ charges of cavalry, &c., to ask me for the loan of $5, on the ground that he was @ wailer at the hotel al which Thad stopped in New York. 1 could perceive by his talk and by of some other sol diors the mode in which these stories about “charges” and ‘masked batteries” are made up. ‘A newspaper reporter is made tho victim of some glo- rious myths bya frightencd, intoxicated, or needy war. rior, and theso are duly made immortal in type.” Then hundreds of men, anxivus to soe what is eaid about them in tho paporsgand, ignorant as soldiers generally are of the inciden's of the affair in which they b: boen engaged, read of ‘+ Black Horse “ Pro. digious Slaughter,” «Fire Zouayes,’” Caplain Meagher on @ white charger, with a green flay, rushing into the mice of inaccessible and impre,nalle masked batter ies, and persuade themeelzes it is all (rue, adding to their subsequent norra- tives such incidents Of life and’ color as may be within their knowledgo or imagination, Excitement has a won- dorful influence on thcir perceptive faculties. AN ATIRMPTED ATTACK ON TIT REWEL PRISONERS. Great exertions were requisite yesterday to prevent the mob of disorganized soldiers ard the rabbie from mal treating or murdering the Confederate prisoners, and it Was neceseary to reecue them by patrols of dragoons. In ono instance 4 S-nator informed General McDowe!] that ho had seen tao mob with his own eyes hanging a pri soner, and that gallant and generous officer at once trshed off, if he could not rescue at least to ay the rebel,’ but on arriving at the place h was happy to find he was in time to shield tho man from the violence ef the crowd, and that the Senator had misteken an “efligy” for a human being. Gen. McDowell has been much distressed by the dastardly conduct of some of the beaten troops towards their prisoners, and there havo been strange scenes in consequence. “Gene- ral,” said one man, ‘had I known this 1 would have died # hundred times before I fell into these wretches’ hatis. Iet me go free, and let any two or four of them venture to insult me then!’ The soldiers are, however, greatiy irritated not only by defeat, bat by reports of the most horriblo crueities and atrocities towards prisoners and wounded by the Confederates: in deed, if it should be th e that the latter burnt an hos- pital at Centreville with atl the wounded, and that they ¢nt tho throats of captives and dying soldiers on the tleid of battle and in the retreat, the indignation and disgust of the whole civilized world should visit them, and their cause will be marred more by such vile cowardice and Dlood-thirstiness than ten such victories could adyanco it. For one, I am Icth to credit theso stories, but it is only right to say that there are many such current, particylar- ly in referenco to the New Orleans Zouaves. DRYENCES OF WASMINGION—A PEBP AT GENERAL M’DOWRLL. In a previous letter scme account was given of the de. fences on the right bank of the river opposite to Washing- ton. Men were engayed in working at the tee de pent, and letting the water of tho river into the newly dug ditch, It is probable the Long Bridge is mined, as no one is allowed to smoke upen it; but the cartors, many of whom are negroes, do not pay much attention to the order when the sentries are not looking. Apropos of negroes, it is confidentially asserted that a, corps of them is employed by the Confederates for camp duty, if not for Oghting, and that they were certainly eniploved to guard the prisoners to the intense anger of federalists. One offcer who came in says that ho was actually in their crsiody. Ho escaped by a method not often resorted to by’ officers, for he pledged bis word cf honor he would not’ attempt to go away ifhe were allowed to go for a drink of water, and when he had done so he mado the best of his way to Washington, and told the anecdote in society among whom was a member of the British Legation. There is an iherease of the camps on the heights up to Arlington, and there must now be a strong ferce of infantry thero, though there is a deficiency of fleld artillery. O07 positicn in the works there is th test ‘The road up to the Arling with men returning to whom were enczmbered w vas: iting with some his tert under the tre.s which shaded the p'ace from tio sup. He is a man in the prime of life, some forty agd odd years of age, very powerfully built, with a kind'y, bon- ist, soldierly expression iu face and manners, andi was asant to seo that, though le was yet proud of being whipped,” there was no dejection other than that a man should feol who has been beaten by his cuemy, but who knows he has done his duty. Originally he’ had proposod a series of oporations different {rom these which wore actually ed, and his dispositions for tho advance of his colu alter the scheme of atta wae decided upon were careful and elaborate. Dut he mis- calculated somewhat the powers of regular troops. All his subsequent operations were vitiated by tho impcesi- bility of gaining the points fixed on for the first day’s march, and General Tylor, who engaged someweat too seriously with the enemy on the left at Bull run on the ‘Thursday before tho battle in making what was a mere reconnoisance, but them on the alert and hastened up Joluston. TUK GENERAL DEFENDS HIMSELF AND IS PLAN OF ACTION. ‘The General was kind enough to go over tho plans of the attack with me, and to agquaint mo with the disposi- tions he had mace for carrying out the ordtis he bad re. ceived to make it,and tomy poor judgment they were judicious and clear, With the maps laid out on the table ‘before his tent he traced the movements of the various columns from the commencement of offensive measures to the digastrous advance upon Manassas. It was evident that the Confederate Generals cithor were informed or divined the general object of his plan, which waa, in fact, to effect a turning movement of his contre and right, while his left menaced thoig right on Bull run, and to get round thoir left altogether; for they had, soon after bo movod, advanced their columns to meet him, aod brought on an engagement, which he was obliged to accept on and at a time where and when he had not contem- plated fighting. The initial failure of the movement took place several days earlier, when his columns were late on the march, though ample time bad been allowed to them, 80 that, instead of getting to Contreville and to the Run, he was obliged to halt at Fairfax Court House, and to lose another day in Py the positions which ought to have been taken when he first advanced. By moving out to attack or meet him the enemy obliged him to abandon the design of turning them and getting round thetr left below Manassas, and when once they did so it became obvious that hoe had. not much chance of succeeding, unless be could actually push ‘back the enemy and “‘keep them moving” with such ra- pidity that they would fly into and out of thoir Itnes just us hig own troops did from the field, The offeers who were present were all agreed that the federalists had ad- vanced steadily on the right and centre, and that th bad driven back the ederates with considerable Joss for a mile and a half when the panic took place in the regiments on the tank of the right, whieh neces: sitated the issue of an order for the retirement of the whole force, and the advance of the reserves to cover it. The volunteers who had broken could not be raHicd, the movement, always dangerous with such materials, under such circumstances wes misunderstood by the wagon drivers and by other reg! ments, and the retreat became finally the shameful rout, which was only not utterly disastrous because of the ignorance and inactivity or the weakness of the enemy. Major Barry, an officer of the regular United States artillery, told mo he could not stop the run- aways who ought to havo protected bis guns, though the gunners stood by them till the enemy wero fairly upon them, and that as for the much talked of cayal- ry, two round shots which were pitched into them by his battery semt them to the rightabout at once. The regular oflicers spoke in only one way of the conduct of the officers of the volunteers and of certain regiments. Indeed, what could be said of men who acte | after and in action as others acted before it, and went away as fast as thoy could? Thus the men of a volunteer battery marched off, leaving their guns on the ground, the very morning of the engagement, because their three months’ term of service was up, and the Pennsy!: @1ja regiments cxiibited a similar spirit. The Sixty-ninin Trish yolun- teered to serve as lor gas they were required, and go did some other corps, I beucve; but there must be something rotten in the systema, milite y and polit Gal, which geue- rates such sentiments and dey. Os neither the sense of miJitary honor por any of that affectiouate devotion for the Union which is called by ove party in America patriot ism. A COLONEL AFYER HIS MEN'S RATIONS. As the General was speaking to me, a volunteer Colonel catne up, and eaid abrupt General, my men have had nothing to eat for four what is to be done?” “Make an application to the commissariat officer, and represent the circumstances tome. There is no reason whatever why the men stiould be without food, for there is plenty of it in camp.” “Yes. but the carters won't bring it. They go away and leave us, and, as I tel! you, the have had nothing for four days"? Ite!) you, sir, that must be the fault of their officers Why were uot the circumstances reported? Go ever to Captain ——, and be will take the neces teps 7 And, after Some further expatiation cn the hardships cf hig cage, the Colcrel, who Is as Urave asa lion, but who is not very well acquainted with military routine, retired, Jt need not be satd that the men were not actually without tood for four days, although the Co’ '8 Statement in reference to the Commissariat was trus. Reckless as all soldiers are of provisions and food, volunteers are no toriously extraordinarily $0, Thea there is probably a including, of course, the food was however, sued inclusive of that day, a next day men had eaten up, or wasted, the two days’ ra- tions in one, and had nothing, They were badly provided with food and with water on the very On of the action, and some men told mo that evening t eaten nothin; since half past two in the morning.- Indeed, the general witnessed tho disorder which was caused by the regiments: rushing out of the ranks to drink at @ small stream before they went into action, though their canteens were filled before they set out. RETURN OF A FLAG OF TRUCE. Mr. Wadsworth,a gentleman of New York, of large fortune, who, with the rank of Major, is acting as aide-de- camp 4 the Genoral, hat just come {n from Centreville, from the Confedorates, to whom he had gone yesterday with @ flag of trace, relative to the dead and wow ‘They would not permit him toenter their lines, but othe: wise received him courteously, and forwarded his des- patches. This one be was told that an answer would be sent in due time to his despatches, and he was ordered to retura to his quarters. While I was at Arlington despatches and messengers were continually arriving. One was from headquarters, appointing: r Barry to command the artillery. An- other stated that the encmy had advanced to Fairfax Court House, Presently in came two young men, who aid they had boon prevented going to that place by the approach of the Confederates, and thut they had heard the sound of guns as they turned back. ‘The bal‘oon was up in the air reconnoltering, or, as T suspect, struggling with the wind, which was drifting it steadily towards the confederates. No one seemed to know, however, what Beauregard and Leo are doing, but it is affirmed that Johnston lias gone off with a corps towards Western Virginia once more, and that an insurrection in Baltimore and Maryland is only prevented by the reinforcements which are” pouring in to Gen, Bank and by the anticipatious of tpeedy aid from tho confederates. LORD LYONS CONSULTS TUR BNGUSH INTERESTS IN BALTIMORE. Mr. Bernal, the British Cousul, came ov consult with Lord Lyons on cortain matters cont with our interests in the city of Baltimore, As the truth 1s developed the scceasionisis in Washington become r diazt with joy, and canngt conceal their exultatic wherever it is safe to indulge it. Their ears aro erect ror the sound of the cannon which ts to heaid tho entrance of tho enemy ito tho capitel of tho United States. The Unionists, on the otner hand, speak of tho past hopes of the encmy, of the great reinforcementsarriving, of the renewed offorts of tho North, and of its determination to put down rebetlion, There ‘must be an infatuation chich amounts to a kind of national insanity in a ion of the North, or is it possible that they believe what the jonrnals tell them; that they are the strongest, bravest, richest, mightiest people m the world, and thet they have only to will it, and the world—including the Conféderate States—is_ pros- trate before them? The exaggerations and misstatements of part of fhe American press would certainly lead those who believed it to such cone!usion NEW YORK JOURNALS IN PUZ/L¥S—TTIE REPRESENTA- TIVE OF THE THUNDERER, Let us take a few phrases from the papers in reference to the action at Manassas. One New York journal on Monday announced positively “tho naticnal troops 1 puted victors.” “Bull's run lost, they must want wat “Tho cothusiagm which carried certain regiments’ “brave and brilliaut exploits” were “‘pre-ersinent,” “into the face of the intrenched foe was startin in its. fect." “The nation has triumphed! Praise be to God! ho republic!” It does “not infer-the Southern men aro cowards," but that “all the forgery, perjury, telographic lying not weaned a very lar; of them from their old love of the Union. Union vietory!” ‘“lerrible slaughter!” “Tyel terridc gghting!”” “Their last hope genet"? + of the Union forces!’? “They know no suc as ‘fear!’ “Hot chase of the rebels!” when the federalists were in retreat, ‘an tolegraphs the enciny totally routed.” ‘Tacre isof plenty of tanking’? and ‘masked batieries; and proof of hard work on the part of the pioneers, is 1 ro- marked—“An obsorver ‘lit woul ordinarily take three months to do what these lumbertmen did in half a day!” “Guns were discharged as rapid as two in a minute.’ “We have successinily outflanked tho enemy.” A brigadier quartermaster” was taken. In’ seyoral places it is stated that tho men asserted ‘their oflicers were cowards.’ In another journal of Now York there are accourts of the “Greatest battle nvor fougt on this continent;” ‘‘Fearfal carnage on both sides!” “Incessant re itarms!"? *Terrible tenacity! ht and every rebel battery was taken “Now on to Riehmond!’? ““The rout the enemy was com- plete!” “Crushing rebellion!”. Victory at Ball’s Run; Sumpter — avenger A “battle “of unparatic! soverity!” “Our gallant and laurel-crowned arm: Another newspaper, ‘‘Our army went into battie with firm. step and light hearts, sleging fiatriotic songs.” Boli’s cun defvat is pinced “among those great military achiove- ments which in ancient and modern times have over- thrown or marked the beginning of empires,” &., “not logs than 125,020 being en; aged on both sides.” ‘The poor blusterer tolls us “an army equal in numbers to that of France, and as well disciplined, wil burn to resent the wrongs that have been offered to the country, and they will rojvice at being able to display abroad Ui valor fer which there wiil be no longer a fivid at he It would bo worth whilo to know what tho Seerctary of Stato thinks of this style of writing at prosent. His framo of mind just now, perkaps, is not suited to such strong expressions, particulariy us the people they are meant to arouse only laugh at them. . AN ALARMS AT HEADQUARTERS, ‘Tuvrspar, July 25. Last night there wag an alarm that the cnemy were ad. vancing. General Scott and his staff were roused up in the night by messengers from tho outposts, There was a similar alarm in Aloxandria, but the report unirt The Confederates, however, have advanced their pic! @ts withia six miles of the latter place. The War De- partment is in ignot st and can get no intelli regiments marche y {p,and their place will be token by others coming in from tho North aud West. The three mouths men aro going off just as their services are most ne . Canany one say the three years men may not do the same? The proportions of the contest are not likeiy to be dwarfed, Fripay, Juty 26, I have kept my letter open to the list moment, but thore is no change to announce, except # nearer advance of the enemy's pickets on the road to Alexandria. GRNERAL M‘OLELLAN ARRIVRS—THR CITY QUIRT. General McClellag has arrived, and itis eaid he will send a force out at once to guard the Upper Potomae, and to prevent any force cro wg in that direction. Tho weather is not exceesively hot, and is fayorablo enough for campaigning operations. Washington is quict to-day es yet. Tuere are consicerable additions to be made to the works on the other tide, and, indeed, there is a hill in front of one of the redoubts which commands ita trifle, and which it i an oversight net to fortify. Ina few days, if any column is ready, 1 hope to be able to accompany it. Real Causes of the Defeat at Ball Run. DEADLY ANIMOSITY AND LENGTH OF THE WAR— WHO WILL WIN IN THE RND? From the Londou Morning Chronicle, Avguat 6. Ris cne of the well known deductioms from history that re- publics are warlike, and our transailantic trethren are proving its truth by the dreadful spectacle which they are at present exhibiting to the astonished world. Unfortu- nately for them, and for the cause of civilization and hu- manity everywhere, they are not demonstrating the provertial pagnacity of democratic forms of government by rushi Wt) hostilities with some Evropean Power, or any other suci Quixotic crusade, but Uy the unnatural and more tragic por- rors of civil war, In auch an internecino struggle every frown from the dark brow of the God of Battle wears its blackest aspect. Ail the ordinary miseries which thie fearfid scourge of the Almighty usually inflicts upon mankind are aggravated when father and son may draw their swords in 0] ing legions, and brother strike brother to tho earth with fratricidal hand. ‘In 7? as we read in the quaint and picturesque page of “Herodotus,” “chilaren bury their fathers—in war futhors bury their childrgn.’? But in civil war not only is tho order of na- ture in this manner inverted, but tho tenderest and fond- est natural ties are burst asunder—tiie holiest instincts of our moral economy violated and trampled m the dust, and life, with all its softest and sweetest associations, is jecned with that gall of bitterness which flows from te, malice and revenge, The moral poct, Wordsworth, ‘said, with a boldness that almost savored of blasphemy, that’ “slaughter” was the daughter of the Almighty. However truo in ong sense this may be, it can only be eaid of patriotic war, whether offensive or defensivo—not of civil war, where men of the same creed, language, race and country, point the murderous weapons at each other’s breasts. Such war must be more closely allied to that spirit of evil who, according to the fine imaginings of our mighty bard, led’ on tho embattled seraphim over the plains of heaven, and shook the very throne of the Deity. ‘The causes of the fearful conflict between the North and South we have had ample time to consider, and we do not contemplate discussing them here; but ‘the re: causes of the disastrous defeat which has discomfited and demoralized the federal army have given rise to nume- rous rash and misjudged speculations, and we therefore propogg to offer some suggestions which may help to a so- hation of the problem which has puzzled others. Writers on American questions are too prom to forget. the strong con- trast which has from ee existed, and which still exisis, Uetween North and South. These differences are to that, after @ careful consideration of them, it is rather a matter of wonder, net that the Unicon has now been rent asun- der, bud that the severance has not taken ylace many years ago. It ia saidthat to make the matrimonial state more happy than it appears to be from the revela- tions of the Diyorce Court, a certain dissimiiari- ty in moral temperament should exist between husband and wife. And so, upon this fanciful hypothesis, the union between the aristocratic and exclusive slave- holders of the South, and the ruder but more virtuous and more energetic population of the North, was durable because of their dissimilarity. At apy rate, no one who bas visited America, or ts well acquainted witb the bi tory of its people, can doubt for an instant that these points of difference exist. ‘The early settlers, for instance, were as unlike as Englishmen can be to each other. To the North flocked Puritans and Covenanters, und other men who. from an earnest desire to have ‘frecdom to worship God,” fled from the dangers to which they were here exposed by the tyranny of priesteraft and king craft. They were ‘hardy, ascetic, and gloomy men, but with their sincere desire to at the Kingdom of Heaven, they were sensibly aware of the advantages comfortable, though not a showy or ostentatious earth, and they were industrious, frugal, loving, aa well as religious and’ devout. éther hand, the settlers in Virginia and hern States were men of a yery differ- hey were courtiers and gentlemen. They ht pedigree as important as a long purse. ey nourished their youth in the “spacious times of at Ehzabeth,” or in the midst of the pomp and shi , ceremony of the Courts of the House of Stuart. They ¢ went, as Raleigh did, to search fer gold, and to enjoy the lexuriant elimate and vegetation of the New World in a spirit of romantic adventure, or they were subsequently driven there inthe time when Crem- well and bis warlike saints enjoyed their day of power and their pride of place. It would have been strange if much sympathy could have existed between those who settled upon the same continent for rea: and under circumstances eo dillerent, A modern historian might prove that there was a8 much qutagonism between them and on cthe as Thucydides pointed out between the Atheniang and Spartans. Norman and Saxon were not more unlike. With such opposite mental moral endow- ments, it is only natural that the inhabitants of tho North ld have devoted themselves to com- merce, and ghould have set up. and partially believed in @ theory of social equality, and that tho denizens of the South should have becomo ext sive landholders, exercised a pseudo-foudatistic rule over their slave population, and, in fact, displayed all the vir- tues and vices which they inherited from their cavalier ancestors, The modern Puritans became thrifty traders, laborious farmers, crafty artisans and ‘ul profes: sional men, The modern cavaliers despised the coarse energy of the humbler democrat of the Ni at his dreams of stave abolition, and ridiculed his love of peli—but they had vice of their own: they had dll the intolerance of dispor vhich #0 often to an aristocracy, comb! 1 the elegance, the accomplish. ments and the pr. ng which are among the che- rished traditions u vu. ancient descent, What moro likely than t? arace would produce men in whom success ir xession of arms would be @ natural en- dowment—aud what more likely than that straggling com- merce, which has nothing in common with the pride and Pageantries of war, should fail—signally fail—whon it seeks to eonvert the ploughshare into a ,sword, or handle the riflo instead of the pen? The North, though great in numbers, and rich in military stores, is #/rangely deficient in competent . There is no difficulty in ace counting for this. The two great national schvolt—the 'e litary Academy at West Point, and the Naval Ayuiems; + Annapolis—have Leen crowded’ vrith Ue younger sons of .* pred ins Sou, Hence, upm the breaking ov fine war, the majority yy ejjicers in the army w. € fa the South, and they be Pept Mack car. v.ctl their talents to the side to which their ties of kindred and all their symyathies and associations naturally lore them. These vacancies were, in the absence of better men, fl'led up by the appointment of such men as ex-Pre- sident Piorce, and ex-Speaker Banke. Kven Lieutenant Gerera! Scott, Commander-in-Chief of the federal army, 1s one of tho Southern proprietors, haying conisderable pos: sessions in the Gulf States, ‘this veteran soldier, and some few others, stood fuithful by the standards of the North, It can casily be understood that the wealthy merchants of Now York and Boston educated their sons to the same position in life as themselves, and taught them to tread the peaceful paths of trade and commerce, The wealthy landholders of the South banded down to their eldest sons tho wide hereditary acres and tho thou- san's of slaves,and looked, as an aristocracy usually does, to the army and nayy as presenting professional pursuits for their younger progeny. And g0 ardent were the desires of the Southerhers for admission at the mili- tary academics, that when they had exhausted all to which thoy wero entitiod, they, in some cases, natural- ized their children and made them citizens of the North- ern States, in order to Lando right of admission ona hew ground. All this mi have been prevented by the keen, acute people of the North; but they were busy worshipping the almighty dUar, and they have now had a bitter practical proof of the folly of their conduct, in tho defeat which they have suffered from the superior strategy of General Beauregard. he Roundhead:, how- cur, who were at first inexperienced, beat the Cavaliers in the long run; cnd were the citizen solliers of the North avimael with any such spirit as incpired the Ironsides at Naseby or Dunbar, we should have little doubt of their final it is, we look on with horror at the unnatural jove that its stern realities will silence all ain beastings—in:pire on both sides a determined hale, a stuttorn courage ond a deadly animosity which can only be washed out in torrents of Wood. We look on with perfect lity, and our On'y consolation is, that if the conflict is kong and stutlorn, neither yarty will be so flushed with the violence of victory as to atiempt subjugation oF tyranny. An English View of tho Oblitcration of Amcrican Parties, If MR. LINCOLN IS UNSUCCESSFUL IN BATTLE HE WILL BE BLAMED FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE Wak. {From the London Times, August 9.) War has almost obtiterated tho minor political dif- ferences which preyailed in tho United States up to the last Presidential election. In the North the distinction be- tween republican andyiemocrat is for a time forgotten, not by the political leadets, perhaps, who reserve their pre- 8 and their expesitions lor a more quiet time, y the masz of the people, who can. seo nothing but a leader to follow and an onemy to fight. Events, and par- ticularly the great Southern victory at Manassas, are likely to divide the former Unicn more than ever into two hustile sectious, corresponding to tho geographical divisi us of the country, The effect cn the South will probably be to destroy whatever remains of Union senti- tment may iyger among the people. Pride in the achieve- ments of their State troops, and the tendency of the mino- rity to yield to tho majority whoneyer its strength has been duly demonstrated, will unite to give the secessionist cause the adherence of the who'e population of the several Confederate States. On tho other hand, the North must bo instigated by ehamo to whipe away. the slur cast upon itsarms. Althorgh thero may be doib's as to the policy of the war—aithough many inay think that if. the thing was to bo done over again they would do it differentiy, yet wo can scarcely coceiye the section whch still cails itselt tho United States acquiescing now in separation be- fore they have avenged the defeat of Manassas. At such atime t el may as well he hushed, for ‘it wlil never be listen ‘The criticisms of party may as well bo abstained from, for they will scom mere inopportune carping. Yet it is not without interest to study the conduct of isolated jadividuals ar stubborn minorities at svch crises Tho English whigs, lic, with all its errors and crimes, against the unanimous and angry voice of King, nobility. and people, and who could not be moved to enthusiasm even by the victorics of son and Wol lington, wore ce:tainly often absurd and spienetic enough, Dut posterity has recognized that a vein of truth ron through the So, at the present time, hough thi sc and amicabio separation is advocated at m by only two or three ad bas litte chance of making way with se, yet the specches which are addressed to sor empty bencles by the few t the unpopular side are worth r ading, i it be only that we may learh what arguments supg st th-mseives to the poli- s who are traditionally uppescd to President Lin- party. Tho mest remarkablo of these was cer- tainly one mace by Mr. Vallandigham, of Ohio, about a month ago. Itis inst the “executive usur- pation” effected by President In, and with much of that tumid and grotesque oicquence which Gistinguishes the Western orators it exposes the violations of the consti: tution of which the President's Ppa say he has been guilty, The chief interest of this production is that it indicates what will Le the form that the popular censure will take should the reputlican Cabinet, which has begun the war, ¢ succeed in bringing it to a prospercus conclusion. Should P.vsident Davis and General Beauregard hold their posi- ticn, should the people of the South continue to rosiet both: arms and cutreaties, should cotton be as powerfu a: Vice President Stephens believes, and force the world tv inter- fere for the saly at produco it,we may expect a storm of popular rage to be directed against the statesmen who will then be pointed out as the authors of all this ovil. The Cartbacinian spirit which condemns the unsuccessful general it already plainly dominant among the Ncr.hern peopic, avd should President Lincoln not buy impunity by si e293, there will be, no doubt, hundreds to charge him with violations of the law which passed without a murmur at the time the were committed. Technically, it seems to us that Mr. Val- landigham is in the right when he deciares that the President did in April what he had no right to do with the con- sent of Congress. The President, it is said, bas not by the constitution authority to employ military force as Mr. Lincoln employed it prior to the meeting of Congress on the 4th of July. But this high crime and misdemoanor, though the speaker retarns to it more than once, is not the tirst, or, indeed, the chief fault alleged against him. ‘Tho democratic party, by the mouth of its more extreme orators, wishes to make it appear that the ropub- Hcars have, for their own party purposes, plungod tho Union in- war, und mado a return of the seceded States imporsible. Though knowing, argues the speaker, that “this revolution began forty years ago in the vebe- ment, persistent, offensive and unprovoked agitation of the slavery question in the North and West,’ he yet, on the 4th of March las\, declared that the platform ‘of the republican party, tho author of this agitation, was “a law unto him,”-by which he meant to be ed in his administration: What wero his sentiments towards the South-may be gathered from tho fact that “he him- self and his Prime Minister, the Secretary of State, declared three years ago, abd have maintained ever since, that there was an ‘irrepressible conflict’ between the two sections of this Union; that the Union could not endure part slave and pert freo; and that the whole power and influence of the federal government must hetceforth be exerted to circumscribe and hem in slavery within its existing limits.” This charge is, in fact, that President Lincoln and his party, after haying irritated, if not injured, the South for years, and proclaimed their belief that the two could not dwell together under the same federation, bad fulfilled ir own prophecy by plunging the Union into a war for the purpose of subvert- ing (he institulions of the Soulh, or limiting its right over the common territories. . Mr. Vallandigham is seemingly a partisan of the Bu- chanan doctrines with regard to secession. Ho appears to think that, though not a constitutional, it must be re- cognized ag a revohitionary right, and that not only pub- lic law but sound policy demanded that the original seven seceding States should have been Iet alone, as was recemmended by the former President. If this had heen done, it was probuble, he seems to say, that the States would have returned to their aliegianee together or one by one. Congress had up to the4th of March steadily declined to act against the new republic, and peace seemed to be the Polley of all parties. ‘Thus, sir, the case stood at twelve o'clock on the 4th of March last, when, from the eastern portico of tis Capitol, and in tho Lp sence of 20,000 of bis countrymen, but en a cloud of soldiery which ne other American President ever saw, Abraham Lincoli took the oath of office to support the constitution.” For six weeks he affected a peace policy. “Never was there a fairer prospect before any people. Secession in the past Lang’ d, and was spirit- Jess and harmless; secession in the future was arrestedand perished. Py overwhelming majorities Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennesseo and Missouri all declared for the old Uniou.” This Bright prospect was clouded by the party violence of the republicans, who, with the Pre- sident at their head, demanded the employment of force to crush the seecders, and at tho samo time used their power to carry the Morrill tariff, which would subject the whole agricultural community of North and Souih to taxation for the benefit of a section of President Lincoin’s supporters. The order of Mr. Lin. coln that the Confederates ‘should ‘“ disperse in twenty dys” is ridiculed, as well as his three months militia. Bue the resnit was ‘the rapid secession of Virgini North Caroli @, Arkansas apd Tenneswee, taking with them 4,600,000 of people, immense wealth, inexbaustible resources, 500,000 fighting men, and the graves of Wash- ington and Jackzon.”” e have quoted enough to show what form the accusations are likely to take should President Lincc Cabinet, by want of success, place itself in the power of b's opponents. When the time came for bim to act or lose tho opportunity o grect popular excitement, it is probable that the Prosi- dent did go beyond the letter of the constitution—at least, (he rival President, Mr. Davis, accuses him of bav- ing done so. This misdemeanor will bardly be forgotten by the democratic party when ao opportunity arises for making another grasp at power, Only a viciory ty which. the stain of Manassas may be effaced an? the South induce’, tocometoterms can secure the President from the conr ¢. quences of having begun a great civil war. He Disa op interest in the speedy success-of his plans, ay’, it is stituents in the town ball of that evening, The hal! was crowded, and by Mr, Andrew Hingston, surgeon. Mr. Osborne, few introductory remarks, alluded to the unproductive: character of the lato session, which, however long or broughs be a South. in America y 18611 had seen what was called the Morrill tariff, probably the highest ever placed upon British goods by the pays) a he believed Led ial to be more attrit tl an to any question of st . *(Hear.) He deplored, as every Englistiman does, to os ae poh Rk to destroy cne another. would take place hero; if the Lancashire districts weve pinched for cotton there would be great distress, ata he cout not see to what issue this unfortunate fratricidal si would ultimately tend. The only courre, then, for us to calmly await the result, and abide by our non intervention, yok: pomtoge in this vicinity. Companies and squads are comi rapidly, and are being sent forward. Colonel Sam. answered promptly the call of ‘On to ly nt ning p of names, place of residence and former Tecusant ones, cautioning all officers from enlisting ag being So much for political military officers. schooner Dart craising off sengers by the Ruthven. night, wae Lientenant MeN attached to Brigadier General Sibley’s staff. He left before yesterday for the interior. Lieutenant McNeil ‘Texan. wick, arrived at Brazos St. of Johns has di a plan for mecti the o) Sarres by Tens ta si preaeal- wae which will atord am ample revenue to disoharge al postage ye rallying a large foree to repel is, we are infor Ing and a line of communication with the Governors of Arkansas and - quarters. He is using all the meaus within bis power to procure arms and amsmunition for the State. He is most of this om bis own res] nodoubt that he will be fully sustained by the Legisla- ture. work. Fort Bliss, near El Paso, and taken command of the Texas: troops there. The cotton crop en the Lavaca river is re~ ported by the Indianola Courier to. ite possible that the impatience rile Fecruite 40 Cag nm igce teh attack one may havo been due in some measure to the wp, feelin thie such criticisms as those of represea- tative were Notgpnfounded. roe Speech of Bernal pea M. ‘are THE MORRILL TARIFF TOS MAIN CAUSE OF fam From the Lonvion Thasa, August ‘rom 9. Mr. osbarner member for Liskeard, sharon his com. on Wednesday chair was takem after w however fruitful it had been in debates, bad forth very few measures of practical importance, had, however, shown considerable this session, particularly in avoiding discussion on ome Subject—he referred to the dreadful civil war now in America, because in treating of such a topic fF 4 would be given to both partics in America, While on this subj hie eal ablect, he might this contest was at all connected lo was sorry to say that those wore not the grounds upom which they were fighting; an whlch they ane ing; and if gentlemen wished to be of President Lincoln, in which not one word wae about abolition; nay,’ by a gen: or they prohi- bited the reception 6b aly fugitive nlaves by the No army. say he hoped tho of deceived. into the Deller thes with the abolition of country would not © need only refer them to the tivo slaves by the Northora If another arguinen' who was formorly a grease mouey, and he found a singular pages of Cobbett, whe, years ago, predicted the stato of things now exist- This is a contest between the exporting and non-om-. these Southern porting interests of America; all are, cotmercially speaking, closely connected with Blr- mingbam, Shefliel!, Manchester and Leeds, and they have no such connection with the Northern States, no tie to bind them together nature. Here is heavy import duties imposed on British manufactured goods are neither more.nor less than so many millions @ year taken from the Southern States and given to their Northern competitor. and there ia that of a mere roliticad natural. divisien of interests, The He goes on to say that ‘‘one day or other there must rupture between the North and the What, then, was the state of things in ‘the ear ? ibutable te seeking He feared, also, that a reaction (Applause) OUR HARRISBURG CORRESPONDENCE. Harrigaune, August 21, 1861. Arvest of Three Spies—Secession Documents Fuund ow Them—A Svi disant Brittsh Subject in Trouble—Be- rollment of Loyal Troope—Prompt Answer to° the Call “On ta Washington —Disorganised State of the Second Reserve, do. , bc. An important arrest was made here to-day of three undoubted rebel spies, named Thos. J. Carson, Walter W.. Kolley, and Wm. M. Pagrom, claiming to be citizens of Baltimore. Tho first named (Carson) represented him. self to havo formorly lived and done business in your olty. If g0, he will probably be known by some parties. there, He isan elderly (say 55 years of age) and gontlomanigy appearing personage, aprarently aman of wealth, Kelley claimed to bo a British subject, and considered that fact sufficient to protect him from a strict search, bat was greatly mistaken. Pagrem isa young mao, and is undoubtedly, as ho represents himsolf, a citizen of Balll- more. They had been South, and were en roule to Balt- more when arrested. They crossed the river above Wil- liamsport, which was the principal oause of their arrest, ‘as it wag not the most direct route to Baltimore. Carsom had a “pass’’ dated the 9th of June, signed. by Colonel Heintzelman, and countersigned by General Cooper. Te those well acquainted with General Cooper's signature, there were doubts as to fhe genuineness of the signatures The reason given by Carson for taking the route thoy id was, “that he had heard that there was an order issued and published in the papers revoking all passes givem uP to the date of the order, and he thought they would have diMculty in passing the lines further down the river.’ Thore wore found, on examining his person, several passew from officers in the rebel army, giving him permission t» visit kis property in the South—excvodingly kina treatment to a loyal citizen of the Union. shirt, in Pagrem’s carpet bag, wore found letters directed. to parties in Annapolis and Baltimore, which, on opening, were found to be from asergeant in t!e Washington Ar- tillery, now in the rebel army. The writer was engage@ in the battle at Bull run, and the letters referred to thas affair. Kolley’s carpet bag and contents were found ‘alt right,” but on éxami there wore found, nicely sewed in his shirt, several ietters; also a large amount of funds upon bis person. ‘he let- terg were from parties South to porsons in Baitimore, an@ purported to be on business matters. these parties were direct from the rebel army, doubtles: in Baitimore took the matter quite coolly—like an old stager, in fact— while his companions, Kelley and Pagrem, were pale, an@ evinced much nervousness and anxiety. vited to partake of the hospitalities of the city prison un- til their cuse is disposed of by Sceretary Cameron. Ne doubt, if allowed to go free, they could “‘tell a heap.’” Rolled up ina ing the “British subject's” porsom, Guilty or not, and to those Carson wore bearers of aid and comfort of the same proclivities. Thoy wero in- Th work of gothoring together troone goes bravely om left, with his regiment, which was full, last ¢ They had not yot received their arms or uniforms the exception of the overcoats. than is comprised in this regiment has not gone to the seat of war. plined and well officered, they will do called on. depot they were t! them. In their marching and wheeling, by company and ere , they evidenced the steadiness of veterans, an@ show time in the two weeks they have been in Herat may put Sam. Black's those to be depended on in the hour of trial. Their com duct while horo has been that of A bettor body of mem Large, stalworth, hearty fellows, well dieet- service whem As a marched through the stroets to the ¢ theme of praise from all who saw lainly that there bad beeu no idling of bere. regiment down as one of é itlemen. In contrast to this regimont is the Second resorve, Cole- nel W. B. Mann, which has become go disorganized by the: ineficiency of the officers that no less than four hundre® and,seventy-five of the non. ioned and pet eee on eceie tas into the service of the Ui , and Governor Curtin has published the entire jon of i ij unworthy of confidence and not to be NEWS FROM TEXAS. a en 8 0 Lavaca he) eine pepo ope | the pas- from Liberty; on ‘ednesday oll, Confoderaes ‘States 3a ‘The Elizabeth, sloop Captain Scherffens, from Berwielt, arrived at Corpus Christi on the Oth inst., with a.full.car= u ‘The schooner Twin Sisters, The Austin Stare Gazette un Iher abilities at an cecigr State Gasetie, of the 27th ult., says:—Governor L100 Texas troops in ‘ison and ilan ‘territories between Texas has. succeeded, through commissioners, ing the friendship of the civilized tribes inhabit now about organizing scveral regiments on the line of Red river, as a corp of reserve, in the event disastor overtal ke usin Missouri, and to be used os a. nucleus sr invasion if necessary. He med,.about establishing a full. umierstand- Miseourl, and with Gen. McCulloen's head- ibility , but thero can be Ing:—The four ly ready. All t] to be cafe from the worm. NEWS FROM ARKANSAS. ‘The Fort Smith 7imes of the 4th and Sth inst. gives.the following intelligenee:—A company of mounted men from South county, Texas, al here to-day, armed, with double barrelled snot-guoa.and home mado ‘knives, about as heavy ag cleavers—real toothpicks. The Texss arti lery left here about two o'clock to-day for Missouri. The company has six pieces of artillery and every other re~ quisite, end is composed of one hundred mea, all single but four or five, aud a fino looking body of men. The Frocahontas Herald of the 4th inst. contains the follow ing:—General Hardeo bas rented the St. Charles Hote’, in this place, and has converted it into a military hor pital. “We regret to note considerable sickness among the troops—disease meifsles and fever, want. of activity and bad water. About twenty deaths have occurred in the different rogimcuts. President Davie has made a requisition on the Stato of Arkansas for three resimeuts, of one thousand men each. The places of rendezvous aro’ Batesville and Clarkaville. Each company chooses its own officers; Ve fleld ofticera._ will be appoitted by the President. were wanted, it would be «+ found in the speech of Mr. Sherman, a Zulshed mem- Yor of tno) American Sonat, oes abolitionist, in which ho declared that tho mention the government was not to abolish eee scope rebellious subjects. He (Mr. Osborne) believed it more to ¢o with a question ol coutirmation in this opinion in the thirty ing. "In his Polilieal Register in 1833 he wrote:—