The New York Herald Newspaper, April 6, 1861, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 186L—TRIPLE SHRET. ee oe creatine PUR SITUATION. ast, the Present and the Fatare of Peps ar Government ie North America, be, ke, - ofbistory in vain for any earch the records free govern- I to the rise and progress of 1 North America. 2 y scattered colonies of limited resources, rious vicissitudes, rosist the government na of the mother country and aspire to in- ence. Though their boundaries covered » extending from the Penobscot to the 1 borders of Georgia, there appeared to be dict regarding systems of labor, a¢ they all, .e exception, owned slaves. sir Declaration of Independence they pro- ‘that ‘these colonies wero, and of right to be, free, sovereign and independent ’ not a free and independent nation—a& Jated nationality—but distinct, sovereign ependent States, This idea of separate gnty in the States characterized and regu- 1e whole subsequent framework of the con- .d government, under a constitution of powers, which became the simple agent of tea creating is. LOW THE CONSTITUTION WAS FORMED. arly framers of the constitution were pa- men, who brought to their work experi- nd reflection, with an anxious desire to J instrument which should be free from the nd combine the merits of all past forms of ment. The experience of ages was before The rise and fall of republics, as well as other conceivable forms of government, corded in history and open to their exami- The error of standing armies in time ef the evil of executive usurpation, the disas- centralization on ove hand, and the danger ‘ehy on the other, were familiar to Tne good and dad points of the Grecian man republics were carefully studied. The of mixed governments, with the evils of shies in all forms, were well known and iood. While admiring the virtues of the 1 constitution, freed from its feudal sur- 1g8, and disconnected with an established 1, they endeavored to appropriate its best uplest features. They also approved of the al principles of her judicature, embracing ments of her common laws, including the habeas corpus and trial by jury. lud them near the close of the cightecnth y engaged in forming a constitution which oped to make so perfect as to withstand the of centuries. Hence, when completed, its ons for amendment, after & large increase bumber of States, became virtually im- able. The nineteenth century was destined k changes and produce results which they r soundest wisdom and greatest forecast wholly unable to anticipate. The goyern- | hey had organized was an experiment, but the best and wisest the world had every it proposed to guard the rights‘of the States Pthe people by almost every conceivable t checks and balances, This was shown by oper division of the government {nto its ive, judicial aud representative depart- and by reserving to the States and to the thereof all rights not delegated, and the Hedgment of the right of revolution, based declaration that all government was de- m the conscut of the governed. CONBTITUTION WORKED—-EXPERIRNOE DIs- CLOSED DEFBOTS. 1, however, it was a constitution for the of the republic, and to be administer. | rinous and patriotic minds, aided by a | ively sma!l population, wninfluenced by | } | Mife, discover errors of judgment, and find cause for amendment! The same occurs with a young avd growing goveroment. Approximation to ma- turity discovers the necessity for amendment, or | rather for correcting past errors and for readapta- tions to new and uplooked for circumstances. And where this is neglected unhealthy action and disorder are sure to follow. EXTRAORDINARY GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY UNDER THE BROAD MANTLE OF THE UNION, IN GPITE OF TEMPORAKY PANIOB. With a)! the political constructions prior to the present time, the country, under the broad mantle of Union, grew and prospered beyond all former precedents. The colonies emerged, with their three millions of inhabitants, from their revolutionary struggle in helpless poverty. Their trade waa limited, their exports were of little value, beyond the supplies of tobacco and rice. Cotton was un- known as a staple until about the close of the | century, The jarge debt created by the issuo of continental bills was never redeemed. European governments looked upon the inhabitants as auc- cessful rebels, liable to resubjugation, while they were without financial credit at home and abroad. As the cultivation of cotton extended, it supplied an important addition to the exports of the coun- try, and augmented its financial resources. A se- cond war of independence was inaugurated in 1612, which, in three years, left the government bankrupt, and the people in all directions pros- trate and poverty stricken. After the Conclusion of the war the country took @ new and rapid stride in progress and p-os- perity. ‘The-export of cotton, now grown to be & commercial necessity, enabled the government to provide for the liquidation of the public debt, which was actually paid off in full under Genoral Sackson’s administration, and soon after a large surplns was divided among the States, while ag- riculture, commerce and mamwfacturos were every- where prosperous. Itwas at this period emigra- tion began to be attracted to our shores, to share in that freedom and prosperity which everywhere abounded. The occasional drawbacks arising from over- trading were comparatively temporary tu their effects. The panics of 1816, 1825, 1857 and 1867 were soon Overcome by eubseqnent periods of economy, accompanied with greater restriction Of the credit system. Eyery one labored snd acted with the confident belief of an early recovery and the legitimate restoration of prosperous times. And thus the country progressed until its boundarios reached from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocoan, and from Canada to the Rio Grande. Prior to the war of 1812 the country had neither canals, tailroads or decent wagon roads. Communication between distant points consumed almost as piany days as it now takes hours. Sails and oars were the only means of sca and river navigation. The waters of the Mississippi wore only available to floating arks and batteaux, requiring two or three months to make a yoyage from the Falls of the Ohio to New Orleans and back. The Westremained more or loss uninhabited from the want of avenues of commpnication. Compare all this to what we have since attained under the sovereign reserva- tion of State rights and their limited consti- tutional Union. We now have in operation over 24,000 miles of railway and about 25,000 niles of telegraph lines. The thirtoen States have been expanded into thirty-four. Onr territory on the Pacitic embraces 2,000 miles of water front. Our revenues, from $20,000,000 per annum, have reached at a late period from $60,000,000 to | $70,000,000, Our total exports for the fiscal year ending the 50th Jane, 1860, amounted to the enormous sum of $373,189,274, of which cotton supplied $191,806,555, tobacco $15,906,000, rice $2,567,399, and naval stores te $2,000,000, Total $209,802 Our im- ports for the same period amounted to $362,169,254. Other governments courted our influence and trade, thand ambition, lis succes ments of we od the carly trials to which it was ¢ out difficuity, and apparently cach ont the stronger. Soon after its adop- artics arose of very opposite tenden- claimed a strict adherence to the letter isions; the other endeavored by a'vained jons to make it sanction measures not au- y its literal interpretation. First, it was at Congress had power to engage in ex- ins of internal improvement, ander the construct post roads and to promote ® power was also claimed 10 establish Among theae unforeseen efses was lon of new territory aad its organiza- ter. ctions early assumed a sectional cha. North was latitudinarian, and the or of strict constraction. the administration of Jolin Adams, iment of the Alien and Sedition laws; the war with England in 187 Missouri Compromise of 1420.. This sectionalism continued to be che- it only required the develope sentiment to lupart to The strict States rights th intensity. | ta warned oppononts that | ' orized = construction, if carried tend to destroy the force | tion, to,overthrow State rigbie, and ition. One constraction followed } Northern politicions nally d | ¢ property under the constitution, | ight be liberated under the writ of | , and that Congress had power to | mm people from going into the com- | of the States with them. This, | of the fact that the United States roes jost in Indian ware, and had it Britain to pay fora cargo of them i one o her West India islauds from Jialtimore to New Orleans. ment had r cognized them as ase ts related rritory of Florida yurity for au adian agent, whose | ited. The government sted th judgment monoy in the pabile treasury. so sold by the government | the time the Territory of Louisi- | of its claims, This it haw fre. ; in the States and in the common early rocoguizing slaves as pro- ity. WEAK FROM THE ABSENCE OF ENDATORY PROVISION. i ticable to have’ amended the ; we reduced (ts ambignous and { into definite and strict decla. © added new provisions to meet fa} sold his negroes, | foreseen contingencie mating y like this, it aud Union for ages, charactor of the laws of th was probably a means of overthrow. No work of hu. | closed against amoadnent at men, as they advan in | bank. And, again, it was claimed that, | ower to collect revenuo by impost da- | wa had power to protect domestic a. Every pew plese in polf for ihe contingenty of which tion was silent, gle same party roadest latitude to cover their politi- { The dissensions growing out of | elf in the debates on tho constitution; | Northern States, and expecially in | while patriots throughout Europe were stimulated ig the free action of the people within the | by our example to contend for the liberty we uited in the greatest material progress. | enjoyed. | FORTY-SIX YEARS OF PEACE A GRAND PLEMENT OF PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY, One of the most powerful elements in cur pros- | pority under the union of the States, was the forty- | aixycars of peace extending from 1815 to 1861. It is said that the Romans always referred with | pleaeure to their halcyon days of peace. During | 700 years the Temple of Janus was closed but | twice—once for forty-three years during the reign + of Numa, and again in the reignof Augustus, The | doors of our temple of poace have been closed forty-six years, and that by cotton bales. The triomphs of theac forty-six years of peace, so far an any difficulties with any formidable Power have arisen, have been more wonderfal than all the | victories and spoils than a century of war could | have achieved. ver since the supply of cotton from this country became a commercial necessity, England has pur- United States. This was manifosted in the adjust- ment of the northeastern boundary question, fn | the right of search question, in the Nicaragua dif- | ficulty, and in the late dispute about the Island of | Sanduan. Naturally domineering and dictatorial | sued a lenient and conciliatory policy towards the | dependence pon this country for her eapplies of | cotton. Once she acknowledges the Confederate States aud provides for the supply of thts staple, H one of the most powerful bonds of peace between i the Northern States will be broken, And clall probably soon find her speaking to them, pirit and ina tone to which their cars, since ave not been accuston Sle will look upon them as wannf{scturing rivals, and also rivals ; in marine navigation; and hence her policy will a onperior | likely be sueh as wetlally characteriz towards att inferior Power. The prostration of miateriat progress by the disruption of the U of the States affords no hope of permanent roco- very. And ,this calamitous overthrow of the most prosperous country the world has ever seen haa grown out of the canker of constitutlonal imperfections, giving color to the broadest and most ruinous consirvetions, culminating in the formation of a sectional anti-slavery party, whieb, by the co-operation of @ red republican foreign German elemont, has been enabled to | seize upon the government, and to shape its ap- pointments and acts by the anti-slavery plank of the Chicago platform—thus bringing the country io the fell tide of prosperity to the block, by setting at nonght the paramonnt Union of the States. Jn despite of it commercial, agricultural, manufacturing {nterest; in despite of the peti- tions of half a million of people; the prayers of | patriots, and the appeula of gray haired members | of Congress, it refased all compromise, all appeals to the people, and all propositions to amend the constitution; thua driving the country om to per- tianent disunion, leading to the overthrow of moteria! progress in both sections, and creating divisions which may invite foreign interference ond foreign war, if not engender a ruinous civil war at home, ADVANCEMENT OF THR COUNTRY PROM 1790 TO 1860-—ESPORTS AND IMPORTS, In a calamity of thie kind Jet us seo how the North is to stand in relation to it, Let the North comprehend tho mischfef the fanatical abstract idva abont slavery has inflicted upon it, To do this, let ua take a brief notice of the ma. terial progress of the country from its commence. ment, or from 1789 to 1860. ip 1790 our shipping amounted to only 201,000 in 1860 it amounted to 6,353,808 tons. The value of exports in 1790 amonnted to $20,205,150 while for the year ending Jane 30, 1860, they amounted to the enormous sum of $973,000,000, on | ' | The imports in 1790 were $23,000,000, while in 1860 they reached $362,000,000. The gold and silver coined at the United States Mint in 1793 to 1795 amounted to $71,000 in gold and $370,000 in silver.—Total, $441,000. In 1858 the coinage reached $51,000,000 in gold and $9,028,000 in silver.—Total, $60,869,000, | To make our extraordinary incrcase in material progress and prosperity clearer, lot us take @ re- trospective glance at the peaceful period of our history of thirty-seven years, extending from 1821 to 1868. Let us see during this long term of yeara what were the value of the material exports of do- mestic produce of the North and the South, _ In these thirty-eeven years referred to the exports | of the articles of domesiio produce nauied below | were as follows:— From the South. + 2,221 602 613 200,482 070,964 Dela 2i 068d Mesao dn ones sees +000 SAR ATO RMD From the North. | Vastue of breadstuff and provisions exported within the game period of thirty sevea YOMBe eevee | Cotton, omic $925,378 B96 Balance in favor of the Bouth.,......5 609,499,665 In the samo period we exported $553,212,958 in coin and money, and imported $27,242,038, show- | ing an excess of exportation over importation— less excess of imports—of $45,332,465. And the total exports of foreign merchandise in the same time amounted to $525,298,765. The total importa into the United States in those thirty-seven years reached the large sum of $5,590,416,449, ia payment of which the South supplied in the articles named above over 2,000 millions of dollars, and the North only about 923 millions of dollars, giving an aggregate of domestic produce of $3,246,246,353—the balance being mainly made up of coinand bullion and exports of foreign mer- chandise. (See Treasury Report on the Vinanoos, published in 1868.) Durirg all those thirty-seven years, in spite of temporary overtrading ard revulsion, the coun- try went on under the Union of the States as a great whole. The panics that now and then ap- peared bad no more permanent effect upon the rapid strides of the country than the eruptions of Vesuvius or Etna upon the diurnal and annual revolutions of the globe. The North and the South worked on harmoniously together. There was no conflict. The negroes Iabored where the white man could not, and the white man where negroes would be out of place, And their products were exchanged, and united to swell the exports of the country. The bulky Southera products built up and sustained a powerful mercantile ma- rine, and supplied an extensive market for do- mestic manufactured goods. But, brethren of the same revolutionary struggle, of the same faith, and of the same hopes, had @ fanatical, irrepreasiblo conflict preached to them. Abolitionists, like eo many devils, en- tered this Garden of Eden, and planted it with the dragons’ teeth of discord. These were watored and nursed by political demagogues and fanatics until of sufficient strength to be wiclded in a sec- tional warfare for the overthrow of the Union, THE FUTURE UNDER SUPPOSED PERMANENT SEPARA- TION. And now, what is the prospect ahead? While the Union held together, when corn failed cotton succeeded; aud when the cotton crop was short or depressed, corn crops were good, and the pro- gress and prosperity of the eountry was uninter- rupted. Crops at the West failed in 1858 and in 1859, while the produce of cotton was large and prices high, thus keoping down foreign exchange, lessening the foreign demand for bullion, and thus sustaining the commercial and indastrial interests of the country. Supposing the Southern confederacy to be perma- nently formed, and the separation of the States complete, let us look at the future, so far as the country and the North are concerned, and see the fruits to be gathered from the triumphs of ab- stract fanatical ideas over the common sense, com- people. the North or West, that section will be unaided by the support of the cotton exchanges and the im- portation of goods for Southern markets, The North will be compelled to bear the effects of its sectional failures in crops on ita sectional trade, And when cotton faiis at the South, it, too, will be compelled to bear the sectional difficulties it may entail, Still worse consequences will be reserved for the North; and the victims of fanaticism will, sooner ov later, be brought to realize that there is un in- finitely greater evil in the world than African slavery, and that is the enslavement of the whites. The tendency of ruling political yiews at the North is towards consolidation--tho abrogation of State rights, induced by the fear of agrerianism and anarchy on the other hand. Had the North serupulously observed the obligationa due to the equality and rights of the States, under the strict construction of the constitution, the Union could never have been severed. It was the utter disre- gerd of State rights which worked the dostruc- tion of the Uniou, and especially in regard to the AS OLD AS THE constiTUTIon— | towards weak Powors, she has manifested a con- | institutions of one-half the States, The South, in ELD IN TRRAITORINS DY TEE UNETED | ciliatory spirit towards the United States, not from | going out, have formed a confederacy PERRUERE £5 FEOPERTE: | toherent respect for our people and go-| of sovereign States, while the tendency of mis as old as the government. It | yernment, but from her almost absolute | the Northern States, left alone, will be to- wards 9 more speedy consolidation, until the con- trolling power will fail into the bands of a single | man, acquired, perhaps, throngh popular military | | achievements. Tho wonder of Europeans at our preservation of peace, and the facility with which | seven States have formed & new government, la | very great. They must recollect that thero is an | innate feeling of utter dislike to civil war in the American mind; that while there were in opera- tion prior to the separation seven distinct and rogn- lar governments in the seceded Statos, and that while these governments were continued, it was a very simple matter to unite them into/one coafede- | racy, There was no reconstruction of govern- | Inent within the States necessary; whereas in the European forms of government the overthrow of | the central power is the demolition of the Whole, | and the formation of au entire new government | becomes necessary, in the accomplishment of | which sanguinary civil war may provail, | IMPORTANCE AND STRENGTH OF THE STATE GOY- BRNMENTS. | ‘The greatest strength of our institutions is found in separate State organizations, while the goneral government is only their agent. Within the States the people—in their local organizetions, fn the | form of countios, towns and magistrate districts— are the only Jegitimate sourco of government. All | attempts to destroy this fountain of power by | merging it into a contralized government, whother | Within the State or at the federal capital, are | blows aimed at the liberties of tho poople. | All thoughts of any number of States acting to- | gether to crush out all sovereignty in others, by | the force of civil war, if successful, can only re- | sult in the overthrow of liberty in the subdued | States, followed sooner or jater ina similar ca- lamity to the stronger party. Ieaceful measures, on the contrary, would do much towards presery- | ing the prosperity and in promoting tho interaste | of both sections, | © Such is the strongth of government within the | States that, in ordinary times, the meetings of Congress and of the State Legislatures might ho suspended four or five years, and yet the people | of the States would get along just aa well, and in some cases better than if they were held annually. | Too much importance is attached to central legis- Jation and too little to local, in which the people taore directly participate, WHAT THE NORTH RAS TO FEAR AND THE SOVTIT TO KOPR FOR IN THE FUTURE. Dut it is not sloue the ultimate consolidation mon honesty and common regard for the material | progress, peace and happincss of the American | In a state of separation, if crops of grain fail in } and the ultimate political onala’:ment of its poo- ple which the North bas to fear. It has to apprehend the loss of is commerse, the prostration of its shipping iaterest, and the destruction, to a greater or less extent, of its manufacturing interest. The Gulf of Mexico will become the BMediter- ranean of the New World, susrounded by States more wealthy, more advanced in civilization and in all the arts of government than were those of Greece or Rowe; and which occupy @ country Sround its shores more fertile and fruitful than the Jand of the laurel and the olive, while a great river, more vast in ite ontetrotched tributaries than the Nile, will ceaselessly pour ita tide of commerce into the city of its delta. Aljresdy several foreign and American importing houses are preparing to leave New York and to establish houses in Southern cities. These move- ments will soon be felt upon the value of Northern trade. The Sonthern States, possessing every facility for manufacturing pursuits, such as water power, mineral deporits of iron, copper and lead, with timber and coal, capitalists of the North will be at- tracted (bere for the purpose of developing them, and also in the manufacture of iron into the multi- tudious forms of tools and machinery, thus con- iributing to render them indopendent of the North When this is accomplished—when the North finds her commerce, her chipping and manufactures rv- nously prostrated; her political machinery cor- rupt and debauched, and rapidly drifting into the vortex of consolidation, with the future loss of liberty made apparent—her cities and towns checked in their growth, if not retrograding; then a cry of indignant inquiry may bo raised, the people demanding to know who have been the au- thors of this work of desolation? They will bo told—and future history will repeat the truth— that all this calamity in all its wide ma- terial and political ruin, has been brought upon the North by its own folly. Brought about by giving @ license to traitors in the form of abo- lition exhorters, fanatical preachers, editors, po- litical demagogues, selfish and hypocritical spoils- men, both foreign and domestic; by voting for men who aided in circulating one hundred aud fifty thousand copies of Helper’s Book, in which the purpose wes avowed, in defiance of all State rights, to abolish slavery throughout the Southern States; by elevating meu to office who had preached an irrepressible conflict with the South and ita exclusion from all the common Territories of the States; who made & merit of Joln Brown's murderous invasion; set at naught all fugitive slave laws, and tolerated organized bands of ne- gro thieves known aa Underground Railroad agents, and seized without authority of law slaves in transit through free States; whose clergy de- nounced its people as barbarians, unfit for church association or recognition even as civilized beings, who should be met with a Sharpo’s rifle in one hand and a halter in the other. Theso, these are the men of the North. Those the acts, the causes; this the fanatical madness, these the abstract ideas, ‘the higher law’ doc- trines which have, by swaying the minds of the Northern people and Jarge portions of its foreign born citizens, severed the greatest, most prosxpo Tous and freost government the world has ever seen, and that in the midst of ite highest and greatest success, leaving the North to realize its own overthrow by having suffered its fanatical propagandists with their demagogue followers and place-hunting parasites to seize upon the govern- ments of the Northern States, and then upor the Capitol at Washington. ‘ Partisan seribblers of the “higher law school" may dim and pervert the truths of the peeing hour, but the impartial pen of the future historian will unfold them to the astonished gaze of all suc- ceeding generations, THE NEW ENGLAND ELECTIONS. The Connecticat State Election. The black republican papers have oxhibited considera. ble rejoicing over what they term their victory in Con peotiout. But the figuros and faze wil show their sno eoas to bo & vory small affair, and will tend further to ax- hibit the broken back of republicanism. The following is table of the roturua nearly complete of the recent election, compared with the yote caat for President in November last oo 190—_—, o—-=-1361—-— Ali other Linco. candidates. Repub. Dem. 8,667 1,895 8,298 8 983 8,619 6,133 8380 6,440 6470 4008 4409 Fairfield. 7,025 9,067 6,293 Windham 3616 1,19 206 pl 6118 341 4h 2, 2,026 8,89 2,404 1,636 1985 + 45,702 86,568 39,592 Republican majority in November. eT Qh Republican majority ia April... +2072 The following are the names of the mesabers of Con- grees elected — pis. 1—~Dwight Loomis, 5 2—Jamce Pnglish, deen, gsin. 8A. A. Burnbatn, rep. , dom., gain. 4—Goorge C. Woodru In the last C cress there were four repubitcans, and the same men were pat in nomination fog re-election, but tho result chows that twoof them have boon permitted by their constituents to remain at home, In tho State Senate last ) cay there wore fourtoon republicans to seven democrat; thie yoar that body will staud thirteen ro publicans to eight domoorata, The House of Represonta- tives will not yary much from last year, Lf the repub- licans can make a ‘“splendidviotory’’ out of these facts thoy certainty eugh! to be allowed to rajoice. Ihode Island Blection, Wo compare in (us following table the vols cart vw the recent election for Governor with that given for Dros dent to November: — —~18t Regmb. Oppor'n. Ot 008, 1,408 1,286 L257 1400 ance 56 7,251 Washington. ||) 1819 1321 1251 Totals... 6... 18,264 7,707 10,200 IL S44 Republican majority in November. Democratic majortiy in April... Republican loea. sceeeecneececeveser recess ecOMOh The namea of tho morabera of Congress elected aro>— William P, Sheffield, dem. eee oo Goorge H. Brown, dem... ee RMD The two black repybitean candidates who wero defeated wore Christopher Robinson and Wm. B. Drayton, who wore both members of the last Congrees, and belonged! to the ‘not an inch’ phago of republicanism. The Stats Sonate will consist of six democrats, four repnblicans and one doubtful. The House will have eleven democrats and eight republicans. In one of the diatricts there was no election. In view of this complexion of the next Lagistature, {t may be proper to ask » simplo question: Will Hon. James F. Stmmons and Ion. Honry B. An- thony, both republicans, who reprosent the State of Rhode Island i the United Geates Sanate, obsy iaxtrac- tons of reaign? Supreme Conrt—speetal Term. Defore Hon, Judge Clorke. Arn. 5.—Richant Wiliam oe A, Lathom.— Motion for the plaintif to dle security for costs granted. Wiliam Bloomer w. Samuel D. Bingham ct al.—Movion for the appointment of « receiver granted. Prostus N. Mead vs. Francia Godine, Jr.--hotion 10 two actions against the defondant for it of fore- cloeure and order for sale granted, Anderson ap pointed a referee to sell it. Before Hon. Jndge Sutherland. Henry @. Harrison and te, dobert L. and others.—In this case tho default must be sot aside and the cause restored to the calendar for trial on pay- went of $10 costs of term and $19 costs of opposing tho motion. Richard Irvin and obers ve. H.W. Cankle ant thera Motion for the Clerk of Kings county to correct @ jnag went in this nnd three other causes between the samo parties. De Forrest Maurice va. Patrick Brady —Motion grantet. franc Sherman ve. dlewy Wells and othere—Motion Srapted without coste, Martin ¥. Bunn ct. ale, 19. Daniel W. Van Riper ot. ob —Moticn denied without costa, P 8. B. Lindeay ve he Tremont and Indiana Raitroad Company—Motion granted: §10 coats Danicl Wilton ot Mrancts A. Sniffen and othere—Motion for nppolotment of « receiver granded. The Somes. Aton. 8. Rapelye ond ohert—Motion for a receiver granted, VAL OF THE AMERICA'S MAILS. OUR NATIONAL TROUBLES. The “Prompt Recoguition” of the Southern Cunfederation, Introduction of a “Secession Clause” at Lloyds. WARLIKE SYMPTOMS IN EUROPE. Our London, Paris and Berlin Correspondence, Bt» Rory ae The mails by the steamship Amerina, from Liverpool | on the 234, via Queenstown oo the 2tth alt , whiok ar- rived at Boston Thursday night, reached this city last evening Tho impor ant poluts of the newe by this arrival have already been giver, but the reception of our Ales, which are to the 234, erable us to furnish some de tatls of European intelligence of uterest to the geueral reader, In the Houze of Commons, on the 224 ult, Mr. Grogory faid that on Tucsday, the 16h proxtao, he would bring forwerd the question of the propriety of a prompt reoog- nition by this country of the Southern States of America, The London Neus of the 22d ult,, says :— Tho vews from America, stating that'the United States troops have been rec+Jled from #exivo, an. the netional ships of war from the Mediterranean has produced no ap- preciabie effect at Lio d’s on premiums. the following Clause is LOW Introduced ink) priicies vy the compauies and priva’a underwriters :—* Warranted free from all logs, clam or damage artiny from secure, detention a any other h stile wot of the government or people of avy revilkng or seceding Stites of ths Unwn ger-raby known as the Oniied States." ‘Tho Peri correspondent of the London Ch omicle, writing on the 21st alt., says The intel ‘gence that troubles bat begun in Montenegro bas exerted the more attention becuse of rumors pre- ‘Valling Jor ome Lime past that the movement would be- gin tn that particular quarter = choutd she tire spread, ag seems Wo be expected, through tue Christian provinces of Tw key, the queetinn of the existerce uf ue Turkisa om- pice would become evgaged. Advices from the adriatic coast, of the 16%% ult., an- nounce tbat the Govertor of Roumelia had advanced troops on Antivari, which, it waa reported, tuo Montene- ring intended to attack with considerable forces, Oa ihe evening of the 1iththe Turkish sieam corvette Edirneh and the Austrian steam frigate Schwartzenberg cast an- chor in the roadstead. Accordi:g to the Paris correspondent of the London Trald, tho preparations for war have been resumed with fresh vigor in France. It was very generally reported in Paris that 10400 men are about to be sent to Romo, nominally to reinforce the Frouch garrison, but in reality to make a counter-demonstration to that of the Austrians on the Po, The Dublin News of the 20th ult., contains the follow- ing agnouncement, Apsvtast GRYERAL'S Dunit, March 18, 1861. In obedience to an order received from his royal High- ‘peas the Geveral Commanding-in-Chief, the Geaoral eom- manding the forces ia Ireland directs that Major the Hon. W. ©. Yetvertoa, Royal artery, be suspended from all mili duties until farther orders. By command, 8, BROWNRIGG, Depaty Adjutant General. Our London Correspondence. Lonvon, March 23, 1861. Death of the Duchess of Kent—American Affairs in Eng- land—The Papal Question—Influence 9 the Pricste—The Galway Line of Steameri—Sale of Americam Books in Lanion, &e., €o, Our royal house is in mourning. The Quoen has lost hor mother, who has departed this life full of years and of honors. She had well nigh reached four score years, and seer hor descendanta to the fourth generation ocou- pying the moet exsited positions accorded to the lot of mortals in this world. When all the theatres were closed on Saturday last, and the brief announcement posted up that the Duchess of Kent was dead, a feeling of respect- fui and heartfelt sympathy waa on every face for the do- moatic sorrow of the sovereign of the realm, The good princeas whowe life has just closed aurvired her husband more than forty years, ho Lavicg given his last blessing to the infant Victoria oa his death bed in 1320, The Duchess of Kent has always beon « favorite with the pab- Ne; for her tite, since her marriage and reaideuce ia Ruge jand, bas been spent, not in political aad domestic in- trigue, but ia unostentations charity and deeds of be- nevolence. Many is the poor cottager in the noighbor- hood of Frogmore that will miss the royal bounty that #0 often came from the benevolent princess. Not only will the Court go into mourning, but by a general request, or “order,” all goon subjects are «expected and enjoined to put on the he Diiments of woe. Members of the army and mayy and yoluntecr corps are to wear a band of craps en the left arm above tho elbow for six weeks. Here in London the proscridod width is three incbes, but tn cconomical Lancashire, the denizens of Manchester and Liverpool are to circumsoribe the breadth of their sorrow toa latitude of twi inches, I suppose the Scotch will have theirs au inch aud a half in widta. The Princeas Royal is here from Berlia; the drawing- rooms and levees havo all ceayet, aud evorything at Wudaor is privecy and scelugion. Respecting American affairs, wo have all been in a state of anapenee since yous republicaa coronation, wait- ing to hear what the oracle would easy. It hae spoken, and weare in as great a mystery a8 ever. Is it tobe peace or war? That ig the question, Many believe Uhat Lincoln is aloptiog the Favian policy; to act with caution, pacify the oncmiea ef the Stato, talk of posoo, aud gain time Uli he bas undone come of the harm doue, got bia navy home an bis army organized; then piteb ia, ‘The general opi here i# that yoo will have war ip all its horrors, and every frieadiy losrt is praylog Het ¥en to avert @ awful & calamity Little, little do the projectors know the horrors, the sufferinga and the fear- ful legacy that js im store for them in the sveat of a conflict. The sympathies of the British pub- lic ere largcly towards the North, om account of the hated Inatitution of slavery. But tue friendly feeling to- wards the government at Wasbiugton and tho Nortaern Statee has very largely modified by the lately passed tari? bill, It would be a fine stroke of policy in Mr. Lia- coln's party if the noxt Copgreas could repeal that unfor. tanate and Ul digested enactment, and return once more towards the principles of freo trade. Vath the policy of Mr. Lincola’s goverument aad the action of the Southern confederacy become kuown, all public opinion and commercial sotion here soem to be suspended. I don’t think either side need fear any pri vateors from this country, for J Delieve if an attempt were mace to carry out such a ‘nofartous plan, the parties on. gegod would consider themselves fortunate they es caped lynehing. Nap fa still Qehting the battle of freedom against along olds. The Pope hae given ona more howl, and hav been echoed by the ecclesiastics of italy, France and Aus- tela. Tho question ts debated aa to the probable number of ecclesiastice—biahopa, prieste, monks, friars, nuns, &o —at thia time in Frauoco, The priests in orders alone are said to number £0,000, while the other classes are va- rioualy estimated ali tho way up to « million. In “Sponce’s Aneodotes of Pope’! (Alexander Pope, the poot), written in the time of Addlaon and steele, and near a haa- dred yoars ago, tho numbor given by Spence as the Engle computation for the coclesiastics of Fraaco waa two hundred thousand; but a French divine told kim 1¢ was one-tenth of the entire population. The Suh ye. bably lays betweon the two; but be thoy threo bu of three milliong, at thie time 1 are strong enough to give the Kmporor rome trouble. Fla Majesty bas just iagued an edict sending Monsieur Dupanioup, Bishop of Orleans, into a epecios of official Coventry, for- bidding other officials to bold intercourse with him. At Rome all accounts say that the people are barning to be relieved of the Papal and the Frees yokes . Tet it be known to the world that Victor Emanuel bas been proclaimed King of Italy, and the decrco has gove forth from the Al; to Cape tivento, from Milan to Syracuse, and this united kingdom comprises the laud of IMonysing, the ancient Trinacria, who beautiful and fertile isiand of Sicily. Nothing could exceed the moderate, though frm and temperate attitude of the people throughout evory por tidn of italy, the ouly troasie sad disturbance created being by thoee infernal nuisances, the prictta and biabope, “Feslestastical tyranny is seldom accompanted by worldly wisdom, and ont invariably reacts and de- feats \tecif, Pity every priest in the italian pentus sla could not awallow himeelf, Tho lateat om dit is that thore is an intrigue going on to send the Pope to Venice. Pro dably that poor, miserable, demented youth, Francis Jo- soph of Aurtria, would like to have him new his pricets and old women to give bis imperial Majosty epiritual congolation. Tho Galaay and Amorican stoem ting will probably hover be setiled Uli the vessele haye ali settied down to the bottom of the sea. ation of ca. lamities attending the o eoncorn will hover cease, Two now ponte of the concern were at Soulhamptam inet week moking a Wish the Hiberota and the Columbia—end sil was pro. pounced serene, an@ the ono with the Irish name started f di, One of the directors f old tog Lunt he wished to mend to Galway; obo avy KH Jouko into the holt of the fibornia There's wi'4iom for You, in the month of March, a ship made of ehest iron and ieee than ap fpeh threk! In the gels of Monday Jast she got knocked about, and was obliged 4o put into a Queenstewn ‘enty and strate’. Now f hear that some (hing 's the matter with the Cobimbia, and can't go, and. te Deb Per ines of an the Adriae m pot = OF BB OX pOot baving been paralyzed OF HBMerZed by the Cold, torpid toueh of the pmo o a cher cr e-me aueh ogenoy. Nex. Cucaday, tho 26th the company Lave epyaged to send & BLoame » aCOOr SID to the terms of he oealraol, aod Ooe every two wHoks theres ler» or forfeit ther subsidy, Unless & ship gow thot omy the; are im the gaa tte be"ore the week is on, Mr Peimor ® a comparat veiy new wae ip the aleaaett> work? a8 the builder Of Bret clase vunwels, aad the unto werd acciden 6 to Lis Versels ae not tend the front rank os ae or im & Ip one of wy tat rs T Stated that “ agency Of the Uaived States for ine Old Word bine been ih the house of Bariog Brothers & Go sinos 2789, had been taken aay anu given James MoHeury, of Liverpool, | had what oughs io have been the ‘Beat author ity for sey ing tt, Dot L war cortainly wtsiwrormod, Baricg & Brovhers til retain the sgeucy, Bo T was ty. formed by a wem/er of thet firm ‘The news fom Austral a ia just ia, bot there te nothing worthy of note, except in the coutimued decrease in the supply of gold. A pale of Ame ican books has been going on for some ays at Puttick & Simpsun’a—one of our loading auction firms; a col<c. ico made Lunserstand by a “r, Stevens, asmali dealer, They were all old books, aud advertised a8 relatiog to the easly bishory Of Amorica. | fouad, oa attendance, that Rumrer were theoie gicol, and slightest faxes, mee rubbish they brought very indiiferent prices, you m gine, by & reportof the sais that thar Ayeet sof pro berty wus in very lite dowsnd bee. the preent ose Cappot be corstcered a criterion by omy meaus. Booka tf interest relatng to America, and Ameriosa books gone eliy, bring good prices bere The weather Lae been vp to avclent reputativa for Mareh. To vee dreadful cockneyiem—es mad aa Mach ‘aren—would bardly expreee toe extent of cur bles—ratn, bail and emow avy bitver bresthmg stacena, he reac 18 generally cool and bick ward ‘The Bank rate of intarcet # down to seven por cent, but the money market remains a wut (Le sane ha bofere, ‘The fect is, buawers matters of every deceription are bangwg fire till more decisive mows from America Aa got ima- Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, March 22, 1861, French Politica—Attitule of the Emperor—The Late Re forms—Stermy Tiree Anticipatei—Napiivon and the Chargy—Garibalti at Work—affairs tn Iily—France and Russio—he Eastan Question, ic. ‘These are stirring times tu the French political circles, ‘The agitation is kept up daily, in fact increased daily, by the speeches of the opposition mombers of the Senate and the Corps Legialatif, who, floding themselves so nuwe- rous, and meeting with such am unoxpected sympa hy on all ides, bocome bolder cach day. What will the Empe- ror do in face of the growing danger? ia now tho anxious inquiry of his foliowes. Will he ‘are put an ond to the debdatest Will he allow the opposition to gather strength? Either born of the dilemma is an uvpleasint aad danger- ous one. The fact is, M. de Pecsiguy, when he pereuaded bia master to grant the ately accorded partial liberties, overreached himself He was too fresh from England, the land cf parliamentary debates im ell their fullest and least daogerous amplituds. He thought to render himself famous as the promoter of such debates in France, to likewise acquire distinction ag tho drat min- ister that withed the cessation of passports, for the Eug- lish, bear in mind. He did not reflect upou what migat be useful or injuriousto the power of Napoleon IL ae only cared for popularity in England. He wished, by his liberality, to startle nad astonish tho noble jords anucog whom he had been residing so jong and go the late seom- ingly liberal moves took piave, but although s0 much wag said about the liberty of the press, you are aware of the fate of poor Gomesco, of the Courier du Dimanche. You are also aware that none but the Koglish profit by the new passport arrangement, and that bat to a very small degree. The English themselves have to go regularly througl the passport office, and do with thelr cards that whiok was before required of them with their passports. But all this ie as nothing compared with tho blunder made ag regards the liberty of discussion allowed the Chambers, Tam, of course, in favor of liberty in the fullest sense; but I am now spoaking of the opportuneness of the grant of discureion hore in France, where the people ure ao prone to opposition, ana where the memories of past revolutions aro ag yet ao green. The Emperor's followers thought because opposition bad been smothored that {6 was dead, This was 4 great mistake, aa they bave fouad out, apd now the hepes of the Orleanisis have revived and the party is becoming daily stronger. It 12a be io sant fect that the staunch friends of the house uf Or- leans ow talk opealy of their adhesion where but a few weeks putt they were alm et afraid to be seen together, The clergy bas sided with this party, and a powerfal, and, as | said above, an imereaviag, opposition to the’ Emperor is showing ise boldly. I am told that big Majesty is much incensed at tho fact, and that doew not hiaitate to et the offending Senators and membors ot the Corps episiatif know of bis annoyance ‘The resuito! this new berty ip eariy perovivable in the bostiation a8 regaros he sifuira of Kemoe some few days ago the Freach roops were to return to this country —they wore to leave the Fterne) City. Orders were sent to w pr ransporte that were at once W sail for Civita Vecchia, be Pope wrote to the Emperor apen this sudject, what tt ig Bail was a threatentng letter, while ot once, as if by oncert, (he opporition and cerica’ members of the Chama- ers called wyoa tho governmect to éliow the tr.ops emain at Rome The resule bas been that counter orders have reached Toulon, or rather orders sor a suapeasion of ‘ations, The idea of removiag the troops {8 aban- coned, but may at auy Moment be resumed. That they would haye ben withdrawn without hesitation were tt mot for fear of the opposition in the Chambers is almost @ ‘The discourse of Prince Napoleon fore- It is aeeerted by several journals that Austria had stated most positively to the french government that her forces would cross the Mincio the moment tuo Frenoh troops left Rome. Thw ts an error, as { am assured on gooa authority that the Austrian government made no Such communication to this Court 'e will soon hear of Garibaldi egrin, Thousands are gathering to meet bins, avd the Tuiians feel that vhey must soon commence final struggle with the Austrians. The latter have moved = forces up to the Italian frontiers, and are openiy mneking preparations to commence war, The role of France will be a aifiicult one in cbat oase, The Emperor Napoleon wili foe! himself bampored by hia Chambers, apd wil be forced to adopt openly, ether a policy of non- oo or an immediate action for and in aid of taly. ‘These outspoken Chambers are gad stumbling blocks im the way cf & monarch who owes 60 much of his preeept succers to the mystery he threw arcucd bis moyements, and the consequent ability for aiting tbe coarse of events and profit:ug thoreby, No obo can Govbt that a new featare in French poticy has opened, ond thet therefrom the present government is ia dGenger. Hereafter tho Emperor wid have be govo ped somew hat by bis Obam vers; heretofore ho ruled supreme, The diferenco will soon by seen and felt in the 3 Franco, ‘The Sardinian ministry has resigned; but this will pro- duco no change of polioy; the object to be attained is the formation of & bnew min stry uncer the trol of Count ¢e Cavour, compored in such a manner that the whole of tho new klagcom may be represented. The new Cabinot will he formed of men beloog ng to the different provinows of italy, At is said thet the Emperor Nepolegn is iu favor of the following eolution of the Ivalian questions. the estsbitahmont of a Northern kingsom of Italy onder Victor Fmannel, a bern kingdom under Prince ce Cariguen, vod the States of the Cherch, the whole t@ be copneeied by a sort of Federal Dict, to moot at Rome, Victor Erman vel will vo doubt ind thie arrangement any- thing lee bul se liefeetory, ana as he may well nope to rulo ere long ever tho whole of itety, Chareh States in- clued, be coald vot think otherwie. The fact of a close understanding oxisting betweon France and Russia 68 regarda the question d Urtent fe now admitted on all sides. The course pursued by the Russian repreeentative at ube lato conference Gere on the Ayrti queetion prove? that Russia and France understood ¥ aftair in the some heht. A tow fo since the shell dee Nord, & Rassias organ, made a ‘went attack against Ube temporal power of the Popo. Closely following that came & mort oulog atic art'c's apon the Fm} Ni in the Invalides Kuse The Nord, axorbor remarking = these articles, says they are etgotficant, as showing the understanding which exits betweea the two governments, Specking of Syria, you will remark that Trance hae ‘ued her xr ag regards @ further occupation of Gre. At the cxpiratioa of the three months accorded = the Conference, you will find France demanding and obtaining more e Tbe fellow iDg lolter, addressed by Russia to Privge Gortchakott, will Poles have a chances of obtaining tl much desire, This letter i# in answer to the petition signed by sixty thousand Joles and sont to the Ea ror bg Sate Mice: Durrnuswrrecn—TI have read the petition which you have sent me, ought to consider it as nail and void, as a fow \ndividaals, under the pretext of the dieturbances which have taken place in the strocts, have arrogated to themeeives the right of judging, on their own matt ity, the whole conduct of the government, Never~ theless, I shall only Jook apor thie stop as an act of im es I devote all my solicitude to the important re forma which have become necessary in my klo 5 consequent upon the progrese of the 4 and de- mont of interests. My subjects the kingdom equally share my care. Nothing will be found tadit to me which may tend to their welfare. Ihave al proved to them my desire to make them the blessings of vaeful, serious and re Teall maintoln the same intentions and sentiments. F have a right to expect that they will aot be be perverted or ag by uncalled for ani a which I caanot confuse with the jects, I will fuidl all my duties, atsuces will I allow natertat disorder. Ni de contracted om mich a basi#. The attom deavor to nd theroin a support are condom: hand. They would dostroy ail comidence, meet from me a kevero reprobation, ad their won'a be to throw back the country from patls of , in winioh it is my tro wil it, “Yours, affectionately, Al Our Rerlia Corrospond) Brews, 4 Pottey of te New King of Prvstia—} the Ltheraliete—Intornal Politica Att Relations of Prussia with Japan, & When, three yeare ago, the present Rogent of Proaria, avenmed the reing which had dropped from the feeble haptte: the oa to show the reforms they @@