The New York Herald Newspaper, March 20, 1861, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 20, 1861. NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDIUOR AND PROPRIETOR. O¥¥ICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS, S, advance send by mati wilt _be at the TEM elie one but Banik bas current tn New York taken. by 7 yt gene )) BT per anruan. THe W aay HERA, ‘Keurdos, at vin conte, oe re tha Bupa py ty 4 a , inant, both tcl pte ho ihe, fh ‘and That of cach month, ad abe ee pe annum. HRLALD, 1 Wednesday, at four cents per Dione mame ¥ CORRESPONDENCE, contawning important Konus = Pgh ‘of the world; tf used will he Coneuaronpr: Acne ST US. Volume XXXVI... ccceeeeeeeeeee AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Oraec.o, THs Moor or ‘Veen. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, apposite Bond street.— ErxanGEn— HONEYMOON. WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway.—Monzr. Lawns KEUNE’S THEATRE, No. 6% Broadway — BEVEN SisTKKS. NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Tux Ow.er— Morusn Goosk—Larirre IN THEATRE. Chatham square —Wartock or tum ooneas anp Our or Pusce—Turexsr—Grexn Mountain Bor. BARNUM'S AMERICAN Some Brosdway.—Day and Evening—GiTanciui—Bears, Bea Liox, axv > Oruek CugiosrriEs. BRYANTS' MINS’ eo Broad- way onursaves, ee te—Distcs kaso, MELODFON CONCERT MALI a No, 639 Broadway.— Songs, Dances, Buresques, & METROPOLITAN HALL, Chicago.—Unswortu's Min. eraeté ws Erurorisx Soncs, Dances, &c. New York, Wednesday, March 20, 1861. few York Herald—California Edition. The mail steamship North Star, Captain Jones, will leave this port to-morrow, at noon, for Aspinwall. ‘The mails for Culifornia and other parts of the Pacitic ‘will close at ten o'clock to-morrow niorning. The Naw York Weexty Henatp—California edition— sontaining the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, with » large quantity of local and miscellaneous matter, will be published at half-past eight o'clock in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents. Agents will please sond in their orders as early as pos- ible. The News. The news from Washington is important. An armistice has been agreed upon between the Com- missioners of the Confederate States and the ad- ministration, and for a short time at least no distarbances need be feared. Affairs at Fort Pickens have assumed a peaceful aspect, and the commanders of the vessels off Pensacola have been instructed to await further orders. The idea of a peaceful separation seems now to prevail even in republican counsels, as infinite- ly preferable to the assertion and maintenance of federal laws among a people who are determined to resist them. bd ‘The evacuation of Fort Sumter will take place on Saturday, and Major Anderson and troops leave on the steamer Columbia for this city. Yesterday fifty of the soldiers received their pay from the government. It is stated that the Con- federate States will be generally recognized by the European Powers. The leading men at Charleston are anxious for a speedy settlement of affairs, but the prevailing opinion is that it can only be ac- complished outside of the Union, and that even the extinction of the republican party would not restore them to the Union as it was before seces- sion. ‘The arms seized by the New York police have at last all been restored, and sent on to Savannah. The fact having been telegraphed to responsible parties in Georgia, an answer has been received over the wires announcing the release of the ves- sele detained by the authorities of that State in reprisal for that seizure. Full particulars will be found elsewhere. The resolution of Mr. Donglas, in reference to the forts, arsenals, navy yards, and other public property in the seceded States, was taken up in the Senate yesterday. A debate, ,in which seve- ral Senators participated, ensued, but without taking any definitive action on the resolution the Senate went into executive session. Iv is stated that the mission to Turkey has been positively declined by General Webb. Considerable business was transacted in our State Legislature yesterday, some of which is of much general interest, as will be seen on refer- ence to ourreports. In the Senate, among the bills passed were the one relative to legal holi- days and that supplementary to the act for the foreclosure and sale of the Erie Railroad. The latter bill has now passed both he The Se nate ordered the Bellevue Hospital College bill to be recommitted to the committe, with instruc- tions to report in favor of allowing to the homeo- pathists the same bencfita as to the allopathists, A bili was introduced for the purpose of giving legal effect to the decisions of the Arbitration Committee of the New York Chamber of Com- merece. In the Assembly the bill giving the con- sent of the State to the purchase by the federal government of a Post Office site in this city, as amend«d, was ordered to a third reading. The amendment permits the purchase of any site with- in the city which the government may select. We are in receipt of additional news from Mexi- co. In the capital and neighborhood business was mending, and money very plentiful. Diligences were running as formerly to many points, and new roads, canals, railroads and other works of im- provement were spoken of. From Northern Mexi co comes a rumor of the coming dissolution of the republic. It is said, though not beMeved by many, that Governor Houston, of Texas, is intriguing with Governor Vidaurri for the annexation of all the Northern portion of the country to Texas, From Yucatan we learn that the Indian slave traffic with Cuba is still carried on in the most disgraceful manner. Advices from Havana to the 15th inst. state that the alterations in the tariff of this country were creating some excitement. Business was more ac- tive at Havana. Money, however, was somewhat stringent. The stock of sugar was daily increasing. The Karnak, from this port, arrived at Havana on ‘the 15th. We are in receipt of intelligence from the Pacific to the 6th instant. The steamship Uncle Sam, with the ma‘ls from New York of February 1, had not reached San lranciseo. Both branches of the California Legislature had agreed to go into convention for the election of United States Sena- tor on the 9th instant. The probabilities were that some new man, not yet prominent as an aspirant, would be selected. The trial of Augustin Har- raseethy, formerly melter and refiner of the mint at San Prancisco, had resulted in his acquittal. ‘The suit was for the recovery of $10,000 on his official bond. The entire deficit claimed by the government was $152,000, the recovery of which depended on the result of the suit on the bond. The crew of the American bark Tinas, wrecked near Hakodadi in January last, had arrived in San Francisco, Dates from Victoria to February 23, and Oregon to the lst instant, have also come to hand. The civil jurisdiction on San Juan Island, heretofore exercised by Washington Territory, was to be discontinued, and the authority of Cap- tain Pickett to be absolute. Agriculture was flourishing on the island. Accounts from Nes Perces and Simitkameen state that mining pros- pects were improving. The hopes, which bad been held out during the early part of Monday, that the anniversary of St. Patrick's birthday would pass over without the traditional stormy weather, were dissipated py a heavy fail of snow, which began about term o'clock in the evening, and continued throughout the greater part of yesterday. Towards evening the snow ceased falling, and the weather became pleas- ant and healthy—the air pure and exhilarating, the sky clear, and the temperature not uncom- fortably frigid. The snow is likely to retard Mr. Hackley’s efforts towards cleaning the much ne- glected streets of the city. A meeting ofthe Board of Supervisors was held yesterday. The business was entirely of a routine character, as it has been for the last two or three meetings. A resolution was adopted to the effect that the Coroners should give good reasons for making ante and post mortem examinations, or else the bills for so doing would not be paid by the Board. They adjourned until next Tuesday at three P. M. The suit of Francis W. Pickens, Governor of South Carolina, against the North Atlantic Steam- ship Company, for the recovery of the value of Laggage alleged to have been lost through the negligence of the company’s servants, resulted yesterday in a verdict for the defendants. The case was simply a question of fact. An investigation into the circumstances attend- ing the escape of Captain Latham, confined on a charge of dealing in the slave trade, was held yesterday in the United States Circuit Court room by Judge Shipman. Nothing new was elicited beyond the fact that Latham escaped while Deputy Marshal Culligan was trying ona pair of panta- loons in the clothing store to which he had es- corted the captain. The wills of Rev. J. C. Wolcott, Wm. Sweeney, Claus H. Farenholz, J. R. Barlow, Ann Grayes and Elizabeth Schaffuer have been admitted to probate. They do not distribute large estates, nor are they of any interest to the public. The cotton market was active and firm yeeterday. Tho sales reached about 4,500 bales, 1,800 of which were sold in transit, We quote middling uplands at 12c. a 12%c., though some brokers gave the figures at 12c. a 12%;c, ‘The receipta at the Southern ports since the 1st of Sep- tember last have reached 3,103,000 bales, against 3,810,- 000 in 1860 and 3,110,000 in 1859. Tho exports for the same time have reached 2,260,000 bales, against 3,495,000 in 1860 and 1,768,000 in 1869. The stock on hand amounts to 572,000 bales, against 1,036,000 in 1860 and 895,000 ia 1859. Thus showing a decline in receipts, compared with last year, of 707,000 bales, and in exports of 231, 000 bales. The crop estimate of 3,750,000 bales has bo- come an outside calculation, and many well inform- ed persons reduce their figures below this amount. Flour was firm, while the demand frou the trade was moderate, with sales at full prices. Wheat was firm and in good request, in part for export. The tales of corn were to a fair extent at steady prices, Pork was dull and heavy, with limited sales of mess at $16 6235 and of prime at $12 62); a$13. The incle- menvy of the weather checked sales of sugars, which em- braced 75 hhds. Cuba, 300 boxes Havana and 100 hhds. melado, at rates given in another column. The chief sale of coffee was made by auction, and embraced 2,300 bags Santos, at 123¢c. a 164¢¢ —average 13-41c. Freight were steady at the recent concession, with a fair amount offering. The Ultimatum of the South—Necessity of Its Endorsement by the City of New York. The most cheering event that has transpired in the United States, since the last Presidential election, has been the adoption, by the South- ern confederacy, of a constitution which every candid mind must pronounce to be admirably adapted to the wants of the country, in the present crisis. It affords clear proof of the skill, energy, and forethought, with which the government of the new republic are moulding its destinies; and the conciliatory spirit in which it has been conceived, stands farth in most favorable contrast with the vicious, nar- row minded policy of the faction which holds the reins of power at Washington. There is no point of difference between the constitution of 1789, and that framed by the Congress at Montgomery, in which the provisions of the latter, are not an improvement upon the former. No change has been made to protect slavery, beyond such explanations, a3 were needed to restore to slaveholders the privileges of which exceptional, local legislation had robbed them. The increase of the term of the Presidential office; the abolition of protective tariffs; the checks imposed upon appropriations, and re- movals of subordinate officers; the postal re- gulations, and those relating to the Cabinet; are provisions which commend themselves to the common sense of thinking citizens, and must meet with universal sanction. The new constitution, is, in fact, the olive branch which the South holds out to the North; and, what- ever course may be pursued by the Lincoln ad- ministration, it is the duty of the people of this city to signify, with prompinces, their readinegs to accept it But for the imbecility, inconsistency, venality, and suicidal blindness of the leaders of the re- publican party, the opening that is now afforded, for a fair and peaceful interchange of senti- ment, between the rival sections of the Union, would be seized upon with avidity, and a speedy pacification of differences might be locked for. The presence of Messrs. Roman, Forsyth and Crawford in the national capital, as Commissioners of the Southern republic, would be greeted as an auspicious omen; their representations would be respectfully listened to; the Montgomery constitution would be taken for a basis of negotiation; an extra ses- | sion of Congress would be convened to consider it, as an amendment of the federal constitution; and, before six weeks, it might be submitted to the popular vote, and would undoubtedly be accepted by over three-fourths of the States. It is not probable, however, that the present administration will resolve upon initiating a course which combines disinterestedness, pa- triotism, and sound statesmanship, with a par- tial abandonment of the fanaticism that has formed the groundwork of its elevation to power. It is to be feared that it will continue to spread gloom and foreboding over the land, by persevering in the course of weakness and folly which bas characterized it hitherto, Un- der circumstances so deplorable, no immediate practical method of expressing popular opinion exists, excepting through conventions and pub- lic meetings; and it is especially necessary that the conservative masses of this metropo- lis, should take the lead in endorsing the con- stitution whieh the Confederate States of the South have adopted, and of signifying their willingness to acquiesce in the same. There has been no moment, when the clouds which hang over the prosperity of the Northern States, were so dark and menacing as they are now. If no remedy is applied, the corner stone of the future greatness of the Southern confederacy, will be laid in the ruins of the financial, agri- cultural, manufacturing and commercial in- Am Extra Session of Congress—The Ultt- terests of the non-slaveholding States. Reve- nue, we bid fair soon to have none. Merchaats of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia are already making arrangements to receive their *mportations of foreign goods, through Charica- ton and New Orleans, in order to evade the onerous provisions of the MorriH tariff; and it appears, by recent intelligence from Savanaah, that goods for Tennessee, and other States beyond the Southern boundary, are permitted to pass without the payment of any duties whatever. The border States, as is rendered evident by the speech of Mr. Breckinridge, in the Senate, on Monday, are nearly discouraged, and will speedily cast their lot with those that have already withdrawn from the Union. Pre- pared as moderate, sober minded, intelligent citizens of Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland and North Carolina, have been, to accede to any minimum of amendment to the constitution which should secure their rights, they are becoming painfully impressed with the convic- tion, that the Washington government is under the exclusive control of Northwestera spoils- men, and rabid revolutionists of the Massachu- setts school of abolitionisem, and that if there have been any peaceful proclivities, on the part of individual members of the Lincoln Cabinet, they are being fast buried out of sight. They are evidently disposed to hail the Montgomery constitution with enthusiasm, ..d, as Mr. Breckinridge exclaimed;—‘Soon, very soon, from peak to peak and‘from mountain top to mountain top will be heard the clear cry for constitutional justice. Intercourse, commerce, and common wrongs, will cempel them to unite and form a mighty republic, with States which will keep the faith of compacts.” The voice of the people at the polls has, re. peatedly, proclaimed the abhorrence of aboli- tionism of the overwhelming majority of our citizens. Since the last election, however, such a change has taken place in the sentiments of thoee who then voted with the republican party, that probably not one out of six of those who are entitled to vote endorses its principles Party lines have become obliterated by the alarming crisis, which is hurrying us to destruc- tion. Those who have anything at stake, groan beneath the fearful contrast between the preeent and the past, and look forward with in- creasing terror to the future. But it is neces- sary that the masses should begin to act, as well as speak and think. The leading conser- vative men of the metropolis should call a mass meeting, for the purpose of making known to their brethren of the withdrawing States their approval of the constitution recently formed, and their readiness to endorse it. Some formal or informal means should also be taken, of send- ing forth from the interior of the State, and from all of the central States, such a flat of public sentiment, as cannot possibly be mistaken, and which will render misunderstanding impossible. ‘The time to act promptly and vigorously is— now; for out of the overwhelming will of the people, can salvation alone grow for the re- public. Tue Scrrewe Court’s Orrsion or Tun Me- TROPOLITAN Porice.—Some time ago we teok occasion, in reviewing the case of a somewhat notorious person who was arrested, tried and convicted on a charge of assaulting a police- man “in the discharge of his duty,” to say that if the police bad really done their duty on the occasion all the parties present at the time of the alleged assault, which occurred in a |’ common gaming house, would have been arrested, and the establishment suppressed. The Supreme Court, General Term, has ordered a new trial in this case, and we find our opinion fully sustained by that of the Judges. They say that the police protect and encourage gambling, and use their position as a shield for a public nuisance. Further, it is stated that the remark of the prisoner to the officer— “Don’t you see that this is a gambling house; you had better attend to this than to arrest me’’—was very proper under the circumstances. And then the Court went on to say that the Metropolitan police are not bound te undertake the regulation and manage- ment of the gaming houses, and that in this special case the officer was acting simply as the servant of the keeper of the house—that is, he was protecting a person who was outlawed by his own act, then being committed. We have several times called the attention of the public to the manifold beauties of the present police system, and we are very glad to see that the matter has been taken up in the higher courte. The police should be made to under- stand that they are not above all law and equity. As to the other branch of the ques- tion— the execution of the anti-gambling law— we have nothing more to say. There seems to be “a ring” further up town than the City Hall. Tux Ixcomn or tar Crty rrom Licryses.— We perceive, by a detailed statement of the bu- siness in licenses transacted at the Mayor's office for the year 1860, that the total amount received from this source was $17,971, of which $5,800 came from the city railroad com- panies, and $12,171 from cart, express and other licenses. The aggregate number of li- censes granted during the year was 10,703, not including the cars of the railroad compa- nies, which were licensed as follows :— Sixth Av Lighth Avenue Railroad, 46 two-horse, $40 exch Fighth avenue Railrond 18 © If the city government had the management of its own affairs, and ita financial business was fairly and honestly conducted, the legitimate income from cart licenses, ferries, railroads, sale of street dirt, slips and markets, would cover almost the entire expenses of the government, economically managed, and a good government at that. But unfortunately its resources are absorbed by the miserable set of politicians and office holders who con- trol the affairs of the eeevyel is. Inptan Dernepations. As the government is withdrawing all the federal troops from the frontier in order to concentrate them on the Atlantic seaboard, the question arises, where are our citizens in those remote localities to look for protection? To carry out a policy which brings rain and misery upon the hitherto Prosperous populations of our large cities, it exposes small isolated communities to the chences of pillage and massacre by the Indians. The people of Texas have already demanded from the Montgomery authorities a regiment of mounted riflemen to guard their borders. Does the government at Washington mean to leave our own portion of the frontier entirely unprotected ? , matam ef the South. From eur Washington intelligence, as well as from the necessities of the administration, it is probable an extra seasion of Congress will be called by the President. We are in favor of calling an extra session, not to pars a Force bill, but to devise some plan by which the Union may be reconstructed, or harmonious re- lations between the North and the South estab- lished. The best thing the new Congress when assembled can do is to adopt the permanent constitution of the Confederate States, and sub- mit it to the other States for adoption by the constitutional number of three-fourths ef the whole. This would settle the question and re- store peace and harmony to a troubled nation, while at the same time every statesman and every man of common senre must admit that the new constitution is a decided improvement on the old, and there is nothing in it to pro- hibit the admission of free States, as South Carolina desiped—the annexation only re- quiring a two-thirds vote of Congress. The convention which Mr. Lincola proposes is now too late. The sevea States which have seceded could not be represented, and ‘the ac- tion of a convention in which they would have no voice would not be binding on them. There is no other alternative,therefore, left thau to take the constitution as amended by the Confede- rate States and adopt their amendments. Most of those amendments were proposed in the Convention which adopted the old constitu- tion, and experieace has proved that they” ought to have been then agreed to. The old con- stitution, without the eleven amendments sub- sequently adopted, would have been very im- perfect. The Bill of Rights embodied in those amendments, and suggested chiefly by Jeffer- son, is more important than any provisions in the original constitution. The amendments now adopted by the Confederate States are of great practical value, and seem absolutely ne- cessary for the proper working of our compli- cated system of government. Whatever is new will be admitted by the most violent abo- litionists to be an improvement upon our pre- sent constitution, and what relates to slavery is net new, but the old defined, explained and made practical. Extending the President's term to six years, without his being re-eligible, is undoubtedly an improvement, both preventing the intrigues and corrupting influences of a President for re-election, as in the case of Pierce, and at the same time saving the country from being sub- jected too frequently to the exhausting process of political agitation. The stability of the go- vernment will be greatly increased, and the office, being for six years, will invite the legiti- mate ambition of a better claes of men than the candidates who have sought it in recent years. Itis well known that it was only in compliment to Washington the Chief Magis- trate was made re-eligible. There is another imprevement which ought to have been made— a change in the mode of electing the President, either by Congressional districts, by the State legislatares, or by a majority of the popular vote. The College of Electors ought to be abolished and the system of caucusing and party comventions cut off. The office seeking, which is the bane and the reproach of the United States, is effectually cut off by the section which provides that the subordinate officers in the several departments can only be discharged for dishonesty, inca- pacity or neglect of duty; and the corruption in Congress, which for the last few years has astounded the world, receives a heavy blow by the provision which renders a two-thirds vote of both houses necessary for all appropria- tions, unless they shall be asked and estimated for by one of the heads of departments and submitted to Congress by the President. The complement of this provision is that other one which permits Cabinet Ministers to take part in those debates in Congress relating to their respective departments, and thus subjects them to a wholesome catechising and cross-exami- nation. Two other provisions against corruption are highly important. One is that every law or resolution having the force of law shall re- late to but one subject, and that that shall be expressed in the title. The effect of this is to cuttoff the foul practices of tacking on ap propriations to various bills,or of tacking bills to appropriations with which they have no connection, or of smuggling an objectionable measure into another measure which is good, and thus carrying it by stealth; or of members of Congress making a corrupt bargain to vote for cach other’s pet jobs put into one bill. The second excellent restriction is that “Congress shall grant no extra com- pensation to any public contractor, officer, agent or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such service rendered.” Taking away from the President the right to pardon in case of impeachment is another valuable provision; for, by the present consti- tution, the President may not only pardon him- self, but his heads of departments acting under his direction. Internal improvements at the expense of the federal treasury, the source of so much con- tention in times past, are expreesly prohibited. Improvement of harbors, the furnishing of lights, beacons, buoys, if done by the geveral government, must be paid for out of the duties laid on the navigation benefitted thereby. A maritime or river State can lay duties only on sea going veesels, for the purpose of improv- ing its harbors or rivers, the surplus revenue to be sent to the federal treasury. “When any river flows through two or more States they may enter into compact with each other to im- prove the navigation thereof.” This makes that “inland sea’—the Mississippi-the pro- perty of the States marked by its waters. The Post Office Department, too, must pay its own expenses--a consummation long de- voutly wished. The provision that no bounties shall be granted from the treasury, and “no duties shall be laid to promote or foster any branch of industry” is only a guarantee of justice to the people at large, who ought not to be muleted for the support of local and sectional interests, as they have been by the out- rageous Morrill tariff.. The provision which prohibits an ex post facto bankrupt law, wiping out the debts of broken merchanta, is another conservative and salutary check upon rascality. By the retrospective action of the law of 1841, the bankrupts of 1837, including James Watson Webb, to the tune of some half a million of dollars, were purged of all their liabilities, like dirty walls made clean with a coat of whitewaeh. Now, as to those provisions which guarantee the right of transit to masters with their slaves through all ‘he St)°*, 98 well ig pro ection ty the rights of elaveowners in the Territories, they are deducible from the principles, if not the express words, of the preseut consti- tution, and are explanatory and necessary for the carrying out of the original compact. The question of secession is settled by ex- preesly giving the right of seceding which is not denied nor affirmed by the old constitution, But there is a provision which balances it and will always prevent secession. Congress is compelled, on the demand of any three States, to call a Convention to amend the constitution. Here is the safety valve. To obtain an amend- ment of the constitution of the United States is next to an impracticability. But if the new constitution is only adopted by the North- ern States there would be no necessity for achange during the next century. It is the ultimatum of the Southern confederacy, and its immediate adoption by the border and North. ern States is the only way in which the Union can be reconstructed, and tranquillity and pros- perity restored to a distracted country. Let Mr. Lincoln call Congress together for this pur- pose, and he will have taken the first step of a statesman since he came into power. The Northern and Southern Tariffs Com. pared. We published yesterday the two tariffs side by side, so as to enable all readers interested to compare them. Subjoined is a table of the principal importe, with the duties of each tariff, from which it will be seen that in most cases the duty is double, or 100 per cent greater, at the North than at the South :— Cutlery... ‘Metal man Glass manufactures. 15 When to this we add that gunpowder and the materials of which it is composed; lead, in pigs or bars; shot or balls, for muskets, rifles and pistols; arms and ammunition of every kind, rags, ships and steamers, are admitted to the Southern ports free of duty; and when we further state that the Southern tariff is simple and intelligible, while the Northern is compli- cated, gelf-contradictory, and, in many points, unintelligible, having been drawn up by an incompetent, ignorant man, who knows no- thing of trade and commerce, it will appear evident to all that the great bulk of the im- ports from Europe will be entered in the Southern ports, and that there will be hardly any duties to be collected at the North to sustain the government, though its expenses will be greatly increased. The greed which suggested the Morrill tariff will defeat its own purpose, and it will be neccssary to inflict upon the Northern people direct taxation to keep the’ machinery of government in motion. Well may the Commissioners from the South- ern Congress, taking the two tariffs, present them to the governments of France and Eag- land, and say with exultation, “Look upon this picture and on this.” The Southern tariff appeals with a force that is perfectly irresistible to the commercial interests of the two great Powers, while the Northern tariff is calculated to repel them, as it is to provoke the hostility of the enlightened spirit of the age. It is easy, therefore, to ee which eet of diplomats—the Northern or the Southern—is the more likely to succeed, even if we did not take into ac- count the argument of the supply of cotton be- jog dependent on the prevention of civil war, end the recogrition of the indep=xdence of the Confederate States by the two gicat Powers of Western Murope. It is true the Southern tariff is not yet passed; but there is no doubt that it will be when the Congress reassembles in May, if even a lower scale of duties should not be adopted. Free trade is the basis on which Southern com- merce is placed in the new constitution. In the meantime the low tariff of 1857 is in opera- tion at the South, and will continue to be till the new tariff becomes law. So great is the dif- ference between the tariff of 1857 and the Mor- rill tariff, that under the latter scarcely can any merchandise be imported, while the treasury of the Confederate States will overflow with gold. The expenses of the Southern con- federacy, on the other hand, will be small, while those of the United States will be enor- mous. Economy is the order of the day at the South—profligate expenditure at the North. The duties which will be hereafter collécted by the Northern confederacy will not amount to one-fourth the cost of keeping up lines of re- venue posts on the Canadian frontier, the Southern frontier, and a coast guard from the Chesapeake to the Rio Grande. Then the West will find its commercial interests so completely identified with the Confederate States that it will become their most zealous friend and ally, instead of joining in the mad schemes of coercion which are now being concocted at Washington. The Southern confederacy has a mighty destiny before it, and the only way in which the Northern States can share it and be saved from ruin is by adopting the new consti- tution. Banrmors Loyat.—It seems, from the Bal- timore papers, there will be no resistance to the removal of the democrats now in office there, provided that very moderate republi- cans are put in their places. What does Hon. Massa Greeley say to that? It is harder (han the appointment of Marsh to Sardinia? The “advanced section” of the republicans seem (o find little or no favor anywhere. Let Hot Atone.—The Western papers are pitobing into Hon. Massa Greeley for manufac- turing correspondence from Charleston, Savan- nah and other Southern cities. This is too bad. Greeley has been snabbed by Seward, abused ly Weed, had the cold shoulder from Lincoln, and been Miterally read out of the republican party which he created. That will do for the present. Let him alone. Mr. Lincotn's European Appotatmente— ‘The Chevalier Webb in Ail Sis Giory. Considering Fort Suroter, the Morrill Tariff bill the pressure of the countless horde of office beggars, and other difficulties of the new administvation at Washington, it bas been “oing quite as well as could be expected in the important mutter ot parcelling out the spoils, Tts Earopean list of ministers is nearly com- pleted, and, in the sppointments therein made, it is eusy to discover the controlling influence of the Seerctary of State, Mr. Charies Francis Adams, of Massacha- setts, goes to England. His futher, John Quipney Adama, and grandfather, John Adama, were each in higday minister to England, and rubsequently President of the United States; apd doubtless these facts had much to do with this present appointmeat. It restores the old legitimate Bourbon line of succession, and will doubtless be as acceptable to the aristocracy of England as to the orthodox Puritans of the old Bay State, though somewhat displeasing to her red republicans. Garrison, on account of the late conservative Union course of Mr. Adams in Congrese, will be almost sure to how! over bim as a dishonored doughface promoted bey ond his deserts, Hon, William L. Dayton, of New Jersey, as Minister to France, is a highly respectable ap- pointment. Mr. Dayton isa man of fine pre- sence and manners, good echolar, a distin- guished lawyer, and has filled various important public trusts, including that of a United States Senator, with marked ability. We presume, however, that the decision in his favor turned upon the point of his services to the republi- cen party as their candidate for Vice President with Col. Fremont in 1856, It was supposed, however, that Fremont bimself would get this appointment; but we rather suspect that Mr. Seward seized the occasion to settle his little account with him concerning that Philadelphia Convention. Thus poor Fremont, after putting the party on its legs, and after leading it, as its “Pathfinder,” into the path of success, is left to the full employment of his time in his Maripoea gold mines. N. P. Judd, of Iilinoié, Minister to Berlin, has been, it appears, a great little man in Illinois, though never heard of before this side of the Al- leghanies. What Boswell was to Dr. Johnson, or rather what the good man Friday was to Robinson Crusoe, Judd was to “Honest Old Abe” in his late journey from Springfield to Harrisburg. From Harrisburg to Washington, entrusting the hope of the nation in his “long military cloak and Scotch cap” to Col. Lamon, as the advanced guard, Judd followed in charge of the new imperial family. Judd made himself useful, and Judd has his reward. Nothing more need be said of Judd. George P. Marsh, of Vermont, as Minister to Sardinia, is an appointment which turns the cold shoulder upon Carl Schurz, the German legion, Horace Greeley and the red republicans generally. Mr. Seward, it appears, was inflexi- ble in his opposition to Carl for Sardinia; and from the rabid hostility of Carl to the Pope, and from the long existing friendly relations between Mr. Seward and Archbishop Hughes, we can understand the point upon which Carl was shelved. A German rebellion in the re- publican camp is threatened, and will pretty surely come, unless Carl sball be appeased with another diplomatic bone, with some marrow.in it. Greeley pretty broadly intimates that Marsh is an old fogy of a doubtful stripe; but. there was not a regiment of great men to pick from in Vermont, and Vermont was entitled to a mission. Mr. Marsh, a regular bookworm, is the very man to explore the ancient ruins of Italy and write learned accounts about them, which is about all he will have to do. Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky, to Madrid, is an emphatic recognition of the little “irrepres- sible” republican party element in said State. Cassius is a soldier, an orator, an anti-slavery man of the church militant, a tall, fine looking man, and a man who, in any situation, will do something at all hazards. He goes to Spain to head off the Southern Confederate States in re- gard to Mexico and the island of Cuba, and as _ his heart is in the work, he will doubtless fol- low the example of the immortal Botts in refe- rence to Captain Tyler—he will “head them or die.” Jacob T. Halderman, of Indiana, for Swe- den, is a mere sop to that State in the way of the spoils. Tom, Dick or Harry for Stockholm, it is all the same. But now we come to the cream of the pot. James Watson Webb, our identical Chevalier Webb, as Minister Resident at Constantinople, eclipses all his fellows. Mr. Seward has exalt- ed kim to the seventh heaven. His splendid court costume, got up at an expense of five hundred dollars, exclusive of decorations, for the Court of Vienna, twelve years ago, will now come into requisition, unless he has lately be- come too fat for his measure of that day. ‘The question has been asked, Will the Chevalier Webb accept Constantinople? Acceptit? Of course he will. He would accept Athens, or the little republic of San Marino, on the top of its protecting mountain; for what Webb wants _ is the authority to sport his splendid costume of an American Ambassador at all the Courts of Europe. It is quite possible that, taking London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, St. Petersburgy Vienna, Turin, and other places where there is a Court, in his route, the Chevalier will occupy a year in reaching Constantinople; for his first duty will be to dine with Lord Palmerston, and then successively, as they fall in his way, at all the royal or ministerial tables of the Con- tinent, At Constantinople he will be at home; for between the Sultan and the Chevalier there will be a “happy accord” in the matter re- spectively of their financial affairs, and in that love of pomp and pageantry, parade and fusa and feathers, and in various other things pecu- liar to the Sublime Porte. The Chevalier is a man of Oriental ideas, and had he heen born in Tarkey he never would have been a Chris- tian. We dare say that the happiest man in the United States at this time, and not the least in importance, is the Chevalier Webb, and Maho- met is hia prophet. Tur Groxora Anus Gryey Ur ny van Po- 11ck.——The New York ves.els seized at Savan- nah by Governor Brown, in consequence of the illegal detention of arms by the Metropoli- tan police, were to have been sold by auction on the 25th of this month; but we learn that the Police Commissioners have adopted the pru- dent couree which we previously suggested— namely, tbat of delivering up the ten cases of arms which they retained to the agent of the State of Georgia in this city, by whom they have been forwarded to the South. This pro- ceeding of couree led to the release of the ves- eels from forfeiture. We hope that the repub- ‘|