The New York Herald Newspaper, March 19, 1861, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD TUFSDAY, MARCH 19, 1861—TRIPLE SHERT. “S™S"2 ~1™ —™ What is Thought of the New Constitu- tion of the Confederacy. ‘The Proposed Tariff of the Cotton States. ASPECT OF AFFAIRS AT PENSACOLA, The Treops to be Concentrated at Fortress Monree and McHenry. Taspertant Speech of Vice President Stephens, sioners for Burope. Goods for the Northwest to Pass Free Through the Confederated States. BZHE VERY LATEST NEWS Re, ae, as. BROVIONAL CONGRESS OF8THE*CONFED- BRATE STATES. VHIRTY-THIRD DAY. Mownoomzny, Ala., March 28, 1861. Oeagress met to-day atten A.M. Prayer was offered Dy Bev. Mr. Davis. ‘The journal of Tuesday was read and approved. ‘Mz. Ounon, of Als., stated that he was necessarily ab- semi from the city when the pormanent constitution was e@epted, and he asked to be allowed to record his vote in Saver of ite adoption. Leave was granted. Mr. Corny, of Ala., said that he had some accounts yeesented to him which he desired to have referred to the @ummitice on Accounts. Mr. Srannow, of Ia., asked that his colleague, Mr. @e Moves, bo excused from serving on the Committee on Aeseunts and on Commercial Afiairs. His colleague was @empeliod to be absent. Leave granted. ‘Mr. CLayron, of Miss., said lee had a letter which he de- ved the secretary to real. ‘Mec letter was as follows — Saurm, Miss., March 9, 1861. Duper Crsvtox—I noticed that the Montgomery Congress: And aathorised ayes, Dut have seen nothing further on tne “Pitre just tendered to Gov. Pettus five thousand dot Sep the use of our State, and have about the same amount Be hands of B. Aj m& Co, of Memphis, which is fhe service of the Confederate Biates of Amends if need Yours, truly, F. £. LEAKE. As a fit appreciation, said Mr. Clayton, of the patriot- fem of that gentleman, | aak that his letter be spread upon fe journals of Congress. It was go ordered, Mr, Barry, of Miss., offered the following:— Resolved, That the Commitee on Finance be instructed to Seenire into the expediency of imposing an ed valorem duty @m all negro slaves imported into the confederacy. from the alaveb« States of the United Btates; and W report as ‘easly an conveniont, by bill or otherwise. Mr. Baxny said he the resolution for the pose of obtaining revenue from that source. Our gematitation gives to Congress “power to prohibit the @etreduction of slaves from any State not a member of ite eonfederacy.”’ It may not be expedient, at the time, to exercise that power; but, sir, it is en- proper that so large a branch of importations into @e country, and which is destined, in a year or two, on gecount of the circumstances by which the border Mates are surrounded, to be largely increased, @houkd be made tocontribute its full share to the reve ween of Gur government. It isnot intended that Con- geese, by tuch duties, should exorcise any coercion to- ‘Wards those States to induce them to join this confod: ; but the measure, a I before said, is simply inten me as one of revenue. A trade that involves, per- ape, fifty millions of dollars per year, should contribute Me proportion to the revenues of our government. Whilst Bew Fngiand manvfactures and Ponneylvania iron are taxed, and thoes States, so far as nationality is concerned, ere placed on the sare fouling as other foreign mations, ‘here is no reason why the trade from the border States thowld be exempt. It is true wo havo exempted some artes from duty, but it was more from regard to our own necessities than from any regard Ww the States from ‘Whence those commodities were obtained. Some persons may regard atat on elaver imported from the hates ae a measure of coeroior toy to induce or eam pel those Stave By ‘onfe wey; others may WAhieve that tho rovult of this policy will deter those Btaien from joining 1 do not thi i Bed in booking at euther of thooe conseqnonces, or that we are responsible for them should they occur. Our object a present is to raise rovenue, und we Bhould not reject any means to effect it. The time inay come wien % will be expodient for Congress to prohibit ontirely the Mmportation of slaves fron Me inte Union, ‘not a membe ‘There is no reason w © shou rape 4 ‘etpient of their surplu® slave population, w erring & connection with an anti wouki soon trausfer their siaves favo population several millions, and t vaio to our own borilere, Tho border States shoul not be aBewed to find a market for their s\aves tn the Confede- wate States without taxation. It suould be our inexorable policy, if thoee border States #hould profer a black re Union to « union with us, to exclude their slaves @ obtain a fair re for their introduction. If we are te import a few million more of slaves, it would be better te import them from Africa, at $200 cach, than to.obtain em from the border ctate: at $1,000 each; for, although ‘Were may be measurable dangor in African’ imports- ene to our own nogroes, still thore is a political couside vation that overrides and outweighs entirely auch dan- and that is that we should not permit those Stator Dring their negroes into our borders, thereby doubling @ar negro population and freeing them of that fnatitution, smd cavsing them, in time, to become the enemies of the Mave States. ) trust that the rogolution will be adopted. Mr. CLavtor, of Miss.,eaid he did not rise to we obstacle in the way of the object of his colleague, Dut simply to say that « resolution of a simi! w character was introduced a few days ago, nud referred to the Judi- @ary Committee. That committee has not yet made a weport on it. ] ask thet the resolution be wit! wn from the Judiciary Committee and referred t the Finance ister, as it involves thesame principle that ia em- Dedied in the resolution just offered by my colleague. Mr. Barxy—Mr. President, with all due deference to my colleague, I do not think’ thst both resolutions are gimailar in charactor. Tho one to which my colleague refers is in regard to the propriety of Congress intardict- the importation of slaves from the bercer States into confederacy, whilet mine regards revenue only. ‘To Pasuvaver—lit the Chair ts correct, this is a ques- t8on which should be discussed in secret ‘session. Mr. Revrr, of 8, C—Mr. President, 1 haye no partic lar objection to offer to the reference of the resolation. ‘The matter involved ts not properly before Congress at this time, and any dicouasion on the subject is oxceeding ty improper. Virginia and the frontior States arc now in a if condition, They Go not know themmeclves what they will do, and I do not think that we should do anytiiing to alienate or exasperate or in any disturb their minds whilet they are in this condition.” Pais reao- ution, | think, ought not to be entertained. Our respect & the frontier Staves should preveut us from action on it now. ‘The discussion was here arrested by the motion of Mr. Prune for Congress to go into secret Bess ion. THIRTY-POURTH DAY. Morroommy, Ala., March 14, 1661. Congress mot today ot ton A. Mo Prayor was offred by the Rev. Mr. Blue ‘The journal of yesterday was read and eonfirmed. Mr. Ocoiree, of Texas, presented a communication from General Sydney Sherman, in coramand at Galverton, ‘Texas, which, without being read. wax referred to the Oommitics on Military Atairs. Mr. Ciayron, of Mias., reported » bill ostabilehing « Court of Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction in the State of Mississippi. Be said it wae the same bill a» that which s similar ovurt ,at Koy West, tn tne State of ertablished Florida, there being no other change in the bill than what was rendered necessary by tie change Of names in the Mweality. Wr. Tsu, of Ala.—tt neoms to mo, Mr. President, tase ‘the Dill which has just me should be reforrea mitten, 3 ny of the slave Stave of of this confederacy.” woh the re pre 'y government, , Swelling our :# bring abolition — 5 Mr, Oayron—1 leave, Mr. Prewident, to stato that y been before the Judiciary Com Nl ~y a 4 Mr P'by the Cunt inatroction i from Alabama at the time. The bill war drawn wp by the iclary Committec, undor. the Uhai committer So much for i & 4 £ ss A 4 i i ee tive ite H fi mittee, Y wae net aware that that Dil had been before Here ‘which the have taken ton! derate States to slaveholding them. ’ So far as reference has boon made to the enforce- miliane of manag fre tee heer moe power to a cimilarity im Hind ment of the revenve laws in the State of Mississippi, | lay dutics on “ or foster any | imstitutions among Why did it not and the necessity of a judge residing on the banks | branch of industry,’ are distinctly withheld from Con- | also jee & similarity of domestic ly of that river for that purpose, I can see no | gress. This clause alene is worth all the sasrifices we | which is far more ye the peace and harmony more necessity for it than that there should | may be called on to encounter in the great revolution in | of @ confederacy? The clause in the constitution ‘be the same court at Mobile. It was indi which we are ¢ . viding that ‘‘other States may be admitted into this con. by some momber the other day that the business of the | But the consti ie equally admirable in the second | federacy by a vote of two thirds of the whole House of district judge would be very small, and his office almost get matter of dll government—the expenditure of the |, and two thirds of the Senate asinecure. If this be true, then we expect that xes. The system of wmiernal i is cus | voting La, ,” 18 certainly some check to the easy the district judges would be fully able to attend to all the | upby the roots, ‘whole matter is left with the States. | introduction of free States into the confederacy. We watters cognizable by the Admiralty Courts, and to hold | The constitution says Congress shal] have power suppose it was inserted for this purpose; but it would such courts in any of the State. Nor do I seo suy 3 To late fe nations, and amoug | have been groatly better to have put the prohibition di- more reason for establishing a Court of Admiralty in Mis- | the creel Saka eee the ‘ries; but neither | rectly and clearly in the constitution. The omission sissippi, to enforce the revenue jaws, to | Uhis nor any other cla in the constitution shall | to insert such # prohibition, in our judgement, isa grave have such @ court in Mobile, Charleston or Savannah, | ¢ver be construed to ‘power to Congrens to omission. for the same parpose. And thas we might goon indo: | Driate money for any internal, tmprovement iniexged [S (| But, taken asa whole, the constitution for a Southern con- finitely increasing the number of those courts for which | {izpis, beacons nnd buoyerand ater alte be mari federacy, submitted to us by our delegates at oe ‘there is no sort of necessity. 1 ‘th on | Sere pepe ey pe Ep 5 the best constitusion, we belseve, ever devised bg man. We my motion to refer the bill to the Ji ‘Committee. of obstructions in river navigation, in a] which cases such | are grateful for it, and cannot doubt that it will en- .Sxcru, of Ala —It seems to me quite important that a Conrt of Admiralty should be held at the place stated in the bill (Vicksburg), but I do not see the ne- ceasity to have any other the District Court to at- tend to such matters. We have limited the jurisdiction ce courte to sums exceeding five thousand do!l- Romina}, and it ss wel) te give him these additional du ties to attend to. While I differ with the gentleman from Mississippi in regard te the necessity of a separate Oourt of Admiralty, 1 also differ with my colieagu: reintion to the necessity of the Judge residing on : bank of the Miesissippi river. Mr. Haig—(ipterrupting)—I did not say thers was no duties shall be laid on the navigation faciliiaiod thereby, may be necessary to pay the costs and expenses thereof. No appropriation for internal improvement can thus bo male by ress. The tr of the States is free of this corrupt incubus, but the ,establish- ment of lights, beacons ana buoys, ‘Tho improvement of harbors and the removing of obstructions in river navi- gations, shall be made by duties ‘laid om the navigation facilitated thereby.” This whole exception ‘8, in fact, but that feature of the constitution of the Umi- ted States aurhorizing the States, with the consent of Congress, to lay tonnage duties to ‘iinprove the harbors and rivers. But this clause was ignored by the greedy plunderers through the tariff, who would raise no money wseept through the tariff, in order that they might obtain Ino preatert protection to Northern manufactures by the neceraity for the judge to resido at the place on the rivor | Bighest duties, By this clause in the constitution where the court — be holden, but meroty exid {did | Who obtain the beuefit of the interna! improvement ehip not regard it necesaary to havea distinct court. The | ping.and those who'empicy shipping, will pay for it Judge of the District reside at that place | This is just; and this poliey is atill fursher carried out by and beld his courts there. Pye ~— in the penatieisticn leavin® to te, Sores Mr. Surri—(resuming)—I ngreo with my colleagua, that | the power of laying tonpage duties anil onlerang into com. the jadge nit ns ceva ceaaee dizcbarge the | Pact 10 improve ther harbors and rivers. The clause is duties of Judge at the Adiiralty Court, and I further agree with him, that the district jadge would be able to. discharge ail the duties, especially az to the joriediction of thos court, so as to excluste ail casos under $5,000. Mr. Cuavron—I withdraw ali objections to the refe- rence. Mr. Huum—I modify my motion, so ws to plece the bill «m the calendar and have it printed. Mr. Cravtox-— [hat »bjections. The Dill was then placed on the public calendar and or- dered t be printed. The Paxownr jaid before Congress & communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, containing the eeti- mates of the Post Ofties Department, and asked that it be referred to the Commitice on Finance. The reference was made. Mr. Wait, of Toxas, presented a communication from Mr. Cox, of San Antonio, which, without reading, was referred wo the Committes on Military Altuirs. Mr. &raznow, of La—Mr. President, Com- mittee on Military Atluirs bas received a communication from A. J. Gerricke, of Louisiana, in relation wo (riction caps for firing cannou, accompanied with a box of cape. I offer the following resolution:— Resolved, That the communication of A. J. Gerricke, of Louisiana, in relation to friction caps for firing cannon, be re- ferred to the Becretary of War, with instruction to have suid caps tried, and to report thereon The resolution was adopted Congrene then went into secret ression. THE SOUTHERN CONSTITUTION. the Important Opinions of the South—Popu- larity of the New Incstrument—Speeohes of Vice President Stephens and Mr. Keitt Atlanta on the New Constitu- tion, &c. From tho Atlanta Southern Confederacy, March 13. owt informed our readers in yosterday’s jesue that this ingished gentleman (A. H. Stephens) was expected to reach the city by the ey fest Point train. Fx jon was on tiptoe, and the whole city was out to greet the favorite of our people. We do not remember ever before to have seen 69 large an assemblage of our citizens brought together. ane bumerous military com- panies 8, and U Department, with gay ‘uniforms and brilliant torches, were out in strong force. Mr. Btephens was presented to the acres of enthusiastic admirers who stood there to do him honor by our worthy Mayor in a few very appropriate words of wel- come. In response, Mr. Stephons excused himeo!?, from his state of weariness and fatigue, from mak- ing any very extended but he cesired to notice an allusion of the Mayor to the labors of the Gongress at Montgomery. With marked emphasis Mr, Stephens said that in all tho pubtic bodies in which he hal ever served the country, and in his experience they had not beon few, he nover met os many men combining the samo exalted talent, with es aaid much of devoted, uarelfish patriotism. Their whale seemed to be to see the right and to pursue it. Thi inion, but very soon we would have th seeing what had been done and yruasin; He vertared to say that the histor «(not present euch another social phehoreon as a F ting revolution ta the cotton States, A vast om- ided—a government thrown df, a new sy: tem inongurated In juxtaposition to the old, and withont a drop of blood, the slightest social ’ disorder or physical suffering’ AN we had to do, said the {0 porpetuate this happy state ’of thing, as follows :— 8. No State sha'l, withont the consent of Congress, lay any daly of tonnage, except on seagoing vessels, for the improve ment of ite rivers and barbors pavigaicd oy the sald veunelas Dut sueh dutier sbull not ontiiet with any treaties of the Cen federaie Btates with foreign nations; sud any surplue of revenue, thus derived, shall, after making such improvement, be pad iu’o the common treasury; por sbull ony State keep troopecr ships of war in time of peace, enor into eny agree ment oF Compact with apotber Suite, or w ith « foreign Power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such Imai: nent danger as will not admit of deiay But when any river divides or tows through two or more States, (hey may eater into coinpact with each other to Improve (he aavigation \eroor. That great inland sec, as Mr, Caltoun cared the Missis sippi yr hus placed tn che hands of its gre! proprie tors—the Stotes locate] om ts waters—to be improve’ as they deem ent. And all the harbors on our coasts are also ioft enthely under the control of the Siates to which thoy belong. internal improvements, by appopriations from the treasury of the Confederate States, is therefore rooted out of the system of government the constitution establishes. Executive aap rey nans ninety-four thousand offices and the rotation system, constituting the spoils of party victory in every Presidential election—is also extirpated by the constitution of the Confederate States. Under the constitution of the United States, all the civil officers of the government hold their offices by the teaure of the executive will. Hence the intense struggle in the Presi- dential olection, The constitution of the Confederate States contains the following admirable clause:— 3. The officer in each of the Executive depart- ments, sEiat tervons connesied with thr diplomatie serves, may be removed from oflice at the pleasure of the President. All other civil officers of the Execusive Department may r ‘and be removed at any tle by the V'resideat, or other anpota wer, when their services ure unnecessal y, or for dishonesty, incapacity, inefficiency, misconduct or neglect of duty; ‘when so Fémoved, the 1¥ moval shal be reported wo the Benave, together with the reasons thereter, There is virtually a tenure of oftice during good be- haviour in all ottices except cabinet ministers and am- bussadors ; for the President or other appoiuting power can remove all other civil officers’? only for the causes specified in the constitution; and then °‘ tie removal shall be reported lo the Senate, with the reasons therefor.” The publicity of the Senate, affording the most couspicu- oug record in the country, will not only be an admirable check on the President, but on the office holder. Whilst it gives him protection, it also renders him amenable to the most terrible exposure for delinquency in oilice. This is an admirable feature in our constitution. Nor should we forget, in connection with the Executive, that other feature in the constitution, which extends the President's tenure of ofice sic years, and renders him inel- itle. That stupendous ovil—of a goverament, with all its power and patronage, entering into a Presidential elec- tion, to continue in power those in possession af the govermnent—is aboliehed. By the constitution the Presi dent and all bie high official subordinates must retire at the end of six years, whilst tho torm of six years—tho perioa for which Senators are elected—postpones the agi- tations of tie Presidents! elecuion tweyears beyond time ordained by tho constitution of die United States, This is a decided improvement, which, it appears to us, cannot be improved. This constitution is also made amendsble, Pmenda- tion of tho constitution of the United St.tes was mprac- ticablo. To be amended, two thirds of both branches of Congress, and three fourths of the States, by their Legis: Intures Cr conventious, must concur. This was tanta- mount to prescribing that the constitution should not be amendod at all. Party in congequence of this difticulty tablished went to pieces. The ‘ate States provides that — was to’ be true to our own honor and fame. 1, Upon the denand of any uncer Staten, legally assembled were Unionists, brt now wore all secossionist:, | 0 thelr several conventions, the, Summon & © continued to disp II the work! the on 6 ater, consideration #0: and if we continued to display to all the work! tho | ‘mendments to the cunsiitution as the said. States, shall oon- proper union of hearts anc parpore, thore could be D9 | Corin suggestingat the tine when the said demand 1a made; nel for us. But, in most eloquent tones bo | and shonla apy of the proposed amendments to the constit epringing from venal and = ! captions fault Unding enoul ¢ frionis of Southern liBurty , * Mr. Ste ng said that old courtitution un which he had been born, 1 sti) feel e great respart for it. But upon 2 disp comparison of the two consti jare that the new was an improvement on ihe He wont on to state that ho thought the mode of sppropriating money when brought into the tr by taxition, a provided for by th constitution of the Con edernte States, a decided tmprove- of any government whatever , tees Mat so much to get money into the pu xect it from misappropriation ofter* it was tutions he did no’ rated. Vy the new Constitution not a dellar coukl be | drawn from the public treasury unless by a two-third vote of Congress. .\n exception to this rule was only mace the President should report to Congress that pressing public necersity and exigency called tor it. Another grand differones betweon the id and new | constitution was this, anil Mr. Stephena—in the oid em stitution the fathers looked upon the fallacy of te equa- lity of raees as underlaying the foundations of republican liberty, Jefferson, Madison and Washington, and many others, wero tonder of the word slave in the organic law, and all looked forward to the time when the institation of slavery should be removed from our midst aa a trouble and a stumbling block. This delusion could not be traced in any of the compénent parts of the Southern constitu tion. In that constitution we solemnly déscardert the pestilent heresy of fancy politicians, vat all men, of alt races, wore equal, and we had made African inequality and mubsrdina { thon, and the equality of white men, the chief corner tome of the Southern repubic. With wo honest administration of & government, eo founded, Mr. Stephens said, the world was yot io #ee in us the mode! nation of history Restore peace, set our out their own destis and we would developement to another. anal westward, to the Basta people quietly to work rom this point of departure. of glorious nd southward to the North (God forbid, said 8 gallant Ketcasionist), until there would be no complaint adout territory. Even how our galaxy pumbered “soven stara,”’ and Ike that well known eluat have’ the admiring gaze 0° the worM to follow us. Mr Stephens said before he closed be would make a predic tiou that some might tke in the way of good news if they wished. He gave it as his opinion, that before Saturday ht we would hear of the surrender of Fort Sumter. the labors and science of General Seaure- gurd had done in convincing Major Andorson that bia po: sitien wae not impregnable, he would not undertake to But, let this prediction turn out as it may, of one we might rest avwured, that the forte would be given up oF they would be taken away. Mr. seemed to be sadished that we should haw @ peaceable ion from the North, but he said our general preparation and readiness to meet a different result might have had a great deal to do with such 4 consummation. Ho said we all desired cof om felt Chat war and ite suffer. ings and distractions were light things, but yet we were prepared for war. While we sald to the North, go on in peace, be prosperous amd happy as you may; while we will do the eamo, yet, hav ing ‘once said to the North you must not trample on’ us an interfere with us, we now said you shan’t! After invoking » fraternal and cordial union of all hearts in defence and support of the honor and freedom of our people, in most touching 5 . Stephens closed yy ing three cheers Confederate Stairs. The 0 of the speaker 5 } way thing | ing be oy had sprung the hearts and yoises of the great crowd for ‘that cheering, and /t was given with a wi Ubree cheers | for the Confederate Stator of America, and three more and a tiger for the provisional Vice lent, jon be agreed on by the. said convention—voting by Suatos— name be ratitied by whe luiures of two-thirds of | oF by conventions tn two-thids therof—as per mode of ratification may be proposed by ntion—thoy abail thenveorward form a part ofl Jtution. Hore a safety valve is provided for discontents. Amy three States cam ring ail the Sates inte gram council, to be Dvir relations towards each ather and rectify grie The last resort of se es. It will preveut disruption. pwill net be rey’ : intateratle wrongs. if this clowse had been wn the constitution of the Uailed Stutes, the Union wad probably never have been dissolved There are two other features in this comstitution which we should not proterrait in enymerating tts advantages. ‘The sovereignty of the States stands out throughout the whole constitution, Who “we the people” are, is left in no doubt. They are the people of the States; and the von- sequent right of a State to secede from the confederacy, although not expressed, 's so patent that it needed no ex” preesion. The clear and aistioet provisos with respoct to the Territories of the Confederate States, are also worthy of alleommendation. No, cispute concerning the rights of citizens emigrating to or inhabiting them can ever arin . Having thos briefly stated the most striking pomta in tho constitution of ‘the Confolerate States, which are most worthy of our approval, we turn to the leas gracious task of considering those feavures of the United Statex copstitution, which experience has shown need reforma- tion, and which have not peeu rectified or abolished im the constitution. And, firet, that abomination of irresponsible caucus trickery and Jemsgoguical wire-pulling and stamp orato. ry—the election of the President—is taken wi with ‘out change in this constitution. A slight experience of bodies, like the sominating conventions in Charleston, Paltimore and Chicago, composed 80 largely of the irre spopsible tools and unscrupulous trickstors and whippors. tn of political parties and their ambitions aspirante—with the vulgar comagoguiem and disgusting exhibitions of Douglas, Seward and company las summer—one would suppose, would have sati-lied, ed nauseam, any man of tho moet ord! Perceptions or ities that the reser by te const istered, ‘inary fystem of olecting a President tation of the Coited States, a# pragtically is one of the lowest, moet uncer unsafe an! most de moralizing that the wit of manever invented. Why could not our constitution makers at Montgomery, have fallen back to the original practice under the ex tion of the United States tn ite daye? This was toelect the I'residential electors by responsible bona fide reprosen- tatives of the , the State Logulatores. Or what would have bettor still—to elect them by the Senate of the State Legislatures, the more conservative branch. The longer term of office of the State Senator, with the established character, superior experience and gravity of their years, would havo placed the election of the Preeidont in the wisest and purest hands—aloof from popular agitation, or the mere dietations of party. ‘The three-fifths representation, taken from the tution of the United States, it appears to us, also, to be a grave error. Why should there not be a representation of all slaves, as well as only three-Gtthe of them’ Are not slaves as well as women and chiliren? And, con. ptituting s# they do, by no means the least efficient por- tion of our productive popuiation, why should mot the communities in which “a have for them a propor- tionate reprenentation? Prould be a full representa. tion or none ai ali, Wo foar that some sickly sentiment- pe a unwise timidity, put upon us this badge of Yan- and practical {njusticn—tht: unwise ine of our fathers in the old constitution, the three. re presentation. Nor can we tee the wisdom of forbidding the slave keel | "Mr. Keer, of South Carolina, it wae whispered around, | ade rns tas someon eh ae ised tenon was in the throng, ancl ron a thousand voices ealled him | Row, berond the com o = howe out. Woll did this gallant and eloquent gentleman sus. | ¥ 0 ee ee enw j tain the report we had ll received of his power as a | Why this addition, an excroscence of the new conssitn . He rendered a tribute to our Vice President of | (o% “TMi not be more or lom offectual to rq | Unsurpassuble eloquence, and gave us, in his own unsel ‘African slave trade. Were our ‘tution looking | ab and noble devotedaess to the cause of Bouthern ipdo- wader @ hag cag - poe pendence, fn earnest of what his State would do in — ayy get me | tal of the recent labors of the ‘at Moni of thetr own cou! and dignity? Why this agitation ‘dhe imamenne crows @ ‘bait-past etent’ of this question at this timo? Why this excessive anxiety « immense crowd dispersed at half past eight, cheor- | 1, forestall public opinion now and forever, and to make Protec oe ont Peiat they had heard of the brightening | Way"for all tume, with even the consideration of @ topic ~ wan eo afer pet Tagant ad ida ion of our 7 THE SOUTH CAROLINA VIEW OF THE NEW have Dusily engaged in the slave trade to supply CONSTITUTION. their economic convenienoes, With all their {Hrom the Charleston Mercury, March 1%.) Sey cnmunes: have exhibited no visit. THR CONSTITUTION OF TRE CONVRDERATE STATES. of conscience, nor made haste to us in regard os Geral a's ata ee | Rutt nay opel ats thes a . stitution of the United Stater, ameniled in weveral vital ‘nod by the new constitution. Is the virtue and in- EeAtatton, forthe ecurty ‘f' Werty end’ juin, cen og Srdamage othe white racoaae ot orld hag eter teen. We propose, Lr to’ show to'ous | political eewoomy, pecuniary advantage and domeatic readers the leading points distinguish it from he y. tine like other of bigh pub constitution of the Btates, and in which ita chief | lie utility and concernment. It may be dangerous to be excellency consiate; and then to point out thore part! without caution, and acted om with the lars in which it has failed to dorired to meddle with it at | constitution of the United States, which it has adopt; fon of morals unless sle- | And first and ovement, Wi as Seagretalate seo that if the African | of this great confederacy, that to be lifted a ' ba the firrt — - —_ and an , great principle government, fystem of legislation necessarily arieee what thon ts Portion of the tues which haa beet the hae from this all the corruy tian Santen whit oy and more by tals constitution. Protect try of the United States and left the subject alone, the trade a _ & rightfully prohibited by Congreestonal enactments. pod 'y Spawned upon the sountry. os have wie Cire Congress the power- pans A has ever lasted Q The lagi and coeet ry sate i os Ld fathers. "Would knot Une grand lesson of condition ae and wtriven {mminent Deve liggited the Conig- dure a monument of the wisdom, ability and patri of the Statesmen of the South. RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION BY ALABAMA. {From the Montgomery Advertiser, March 14.) The booming of cannon gave notice on yesterday to the citizens of Montgomery and the balance of mankind, that tho people of Alabama, through their delegates in Conven- tion, bad solemnly ratified the constitution recently framed by the Congress hore assembled. Mesars. Brooks, Farpest, Cochran, Morgan, Jemison and Greon made speeches in favor of the adoption, The voto was cighty- rig ae! wo a amin the constitution. Me cenarers, te the people upon the prompt action on the par their representatives, and are satisfied that the constitu- tion will be an enduripg monument to the wisdom of its framers. are CONFEDERATE }1 0.038 NAVAL NEWS. THE WAR STEAMER LADY DAVIS. ; agg ‘The Charleston’ fercury of the 14th inst, says :—The first war verse! put afloat by South Carolina Finoe the War of Independence, 1776. ‘This veesel was bought by Gov. Pickens at Richmond, and altered for servios, armed with twenty four pounders, and regularly equipped. She started last night on the harbor defence, with her compli- ment of enlisted men—Lient. T. B. Hoger, commanding, with First Lieut. Dozier and Lieut. Gritmball, She is ready for her work of defence, and Goy. Pickens his directed her to be named Lady Davis, in compliment to the lady of the first resident of our Confederate States. INTENES) NG FROM PENSACOLA. Ovr special ads «from Vemeacola are up to the 11th inet. at which tan (> utmaoet zeal was being displsyod 1) the Comfederate States troops in erecting new batteries at iinporfant voimts, for tho more securoly investing Fort Pickens, Gen, Braxton Bragg, of the regular army of the Confederate States, assumed the command of the troops and forts near Pensacola on the Lith, and ferth- with issued his order forbidding the United States vea- fele at anchor outside the harbor receiving any fur- ther supplies of water or provisions from the shore; at the same time prohibiting the supplying of Fort Pick- ‘ens with trodps or munitions, but simply allowing ver- bal communication. General Bragg brought with hima talented staff, composod of ex-olflcers of the United ‘States army, and he was preceded by an advisory corps of engineers. It was reported that tho latterfhad decided to recommend the construction of an interior line of de- fences, a few hundred yards north of the present works, ‘to be placed in positions commanding the works now in their poeseesion, 80 as to commence a new siege in the event of their being forced to retreat before the United States troops. But such an event, it is thought, is out of the question. These new works will be protected on the flanks by suitable auxiliaries, The craters for the mines have already been prepared, and if the worst comes to the worst, a succession of small earthquakes can be created to render the land works untenable. Cap- tain O'Hara, formerly of the United States army whog after puttinggFort Barrancas in first war order, has assumed command at Fort McRea, at the date ,of our intelligence was working with zoal in mounting heavy guns on that wers. One of the newly arrived off\_ /cersfof,the Confederate army at Pensacola stated that the ) War Department of the South had determined to concen- trate a body of 5,00mon there forthwith, and to this end the most amp'e measures had been adopted in the Commiscariat, Quartermaster and Hospital departments for 20 large a bedy of troope. All tho ordnance and ar- tillery stores and archives not actually neceesary for ur- mediate use Lave been removed from the Warrington Navy Yard, fo as to prevent anything falling into the hands of Urc'e “am’s troops should they succeed in land. Ing. Large supplice of arms and munitions of war were daily arriving. It has been agecrtained that Fort Pickens is almont totally deficient in mortar#, having but four ten inet ones, wad those yery badly mounted. This fact, when consicored by military men, makes the much vannted invulnerability of that fort sink into insignificance, 98 shells are the ooly mivciles that can be of any avai against the rand batteries of the Confederate troops. THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AT CHARLES- TON, 8. C. AASKETCH OY GENERAL ¥. G. T. BEAURBOARD. We reeently published a very briet sketch of the now military commander of the troops and the forte near Charle; ton, South Carolina; but, in the absence of faete, we were nab)» to do full Justice to the subject of that notice—Goncra! P. G, T. Beauregard. General P. G, Toutant Beauregard was born on his father’s plantation, near Now Orleans, Ho is a descen dant of the mort aristocratic Southern families. His father wasa wealthy and influential Louisiana planter, His motner—tern Reggio—was of Italian origin, and deacended from the duca! Regzio family of Italy. General Beauregard enterod the United States Military Academy at West Poimt at an earty age, where he graduated in 1893, taking the second honors ina class of forty-five pradcates, and was appointed a Second Lioutenant in the First regiment of Artillery, which com- mission he only bcki for one week ore he was transferred to the Corpe of Engineers, He was promoted to a first lieutenantey in June, 1899, and in that capacity rerved with great distinction during the Mexican war, He was twice brevetted “ for gallant and meritcrious conduct’ in the field, the first time as eaptain for the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, to date from August 20, 1847; and again as Major for the battle of Chepultepec, to date from the 18th of Septem. ber of that year. Major Beauregard was wounded in the assault upon the Garita de Belew in the city of Moxico, ‘Onghis return bome he was presented with an elegant sword. He was subsequently placed by the government in charge of the construction of the Mint and Custom Honse at New Orleans, as wall as of the fortitications op andfpear the mouth of the Mississippi. General B. is about forty-three years of age, in the prime of life and vigorous health, erect ns « soldier, well made and remarkably active. There is great spirit and determination in bis look, and he evidently possesses great muscular power, The great characteristic of the ‘General is perfect method in all his plans. He is re garded one of the ablest officers that ever was in the American army. Brave, upright and of incorruptible in- tegrity, he is one of those few characters that circum- stances could nevor change. Eminentiy sosial, simple and affabic in his manners, it is, indeed, a great eulo- gium that cam be passed upon him when it is said that be is equally liked and respected by all who know him. General Beauregard is brother-in law to ¢1 Senator Slidell, of Louisiana. Being one of the ablest officers in his corps, he was ordered about two months since to West Point, as Buper intendent of the Military Academy, but was relieved by President Buchanan within ferty-eigbt noure, av a re- buke, it ts alleged, to the secession speech of Senator Sided, who is a brother-in-law of Major Beauregard. ‘The latter #oon after resigned his commission in the rer- vice of the United States, at once receiving higher rank in thearmy of the Southern confederacy. With such a man at the head of its troops, the Southern confederacy must prove a formidable opponent, if the bayonet should unfortunately be renorted Ws for cettling our national aim. 2 (From the Charleston Mercury.) ‘There i no name better known {or science ané worth the army and men than Gen. 5 of the Mexican war, fay they tice two of be He : i p of a number of general officers, al- jard’s opinion at the Council, from it. point to Mg gd and Correspondence of John A. Quit- man,” Some ioe has been done to Beauregard in the his- tories of the Mexican war—but im ts incompleteness we have been reminded of Byron’s satire on military glory: To be shot dead on the battle field, and have your name misapelt in the Gazette.” ‘The position now so promptly to General Beauregard is a just tribute to his worth, It is a great satisfaction to our people that the enemy can bring no talent against us which we cannot match with its equal in our Sonthern land; and amongst all the bright ga- laxy no one could be more aceeptable than our native born Loujeiana Beauregard. AFFAIRS IN TEXAS. OUR BAN ANTONIO CORRES?ONDENCE, San Antowio, March 1, 1861. Change in the Aspect of Affaire—The Black Republicans Getting Impudent—Helper’s Book Endorsed —Army Movements—Restgnations of United States Army Officers and their Appointment in the Tecan Army, dc. Since my last letter the state of affairs has changed considerably here. Then Colonel MoCulloch, with a por- tion of his force, was in the city, and the black republi- cans and abolitionists were afraid to make any open de- monstration. They, however, took advantage of the 22d of February to turn out in full force, under the pretence of celebrating the day, a thing which has never before been done in this placo. The secessionists, understanding the matter, took no part in it, and were openly insulted. One of them was ssked if he had so entirely gold. himself to the devil as to be unable to celebrate Washington’s birthday; to which he very promptly replied, that when he did take servioe with the devil, he should most asguredly not put om the livery of Heaven. Find- ing they were not molested, they grew moro impudent, and the next day, being election dag, paraded the etreets with a band of music, and towards night burned the lone star in eiligy. Helper’s book is openly endorsed in the stroet, and the Committee of Safety insulted, the ‘“Rogue’s March” having been played before the door of one of the members, as wellas of other leading Southern men, who were politely re- quested to come out and be hanged. The city is fullof rumors, The one most generally believed is, that Colonel Waite, who succeeds General ‘Twiggs, has received orders not to remove the troops from Texas, but to fortify his posts, If this be so, and he attempts to obey the order, we shall soon have open war, as companies of State troops have already been dea patched to the upper poste, such as Fort Ingo, Fort Clarke, Fort Duncan, Camp Verde, &., and are doubt- lesz in possession of some of them before this. The staff officers here wero politely allowed by the Committee of Safety time to romovo their per- sonal effects and private property from the oilices they occupied in the Commissary. buildings. ‘Thi, as the event proves, was a mistake, as they aval themgolves of it to carry off, or allow to be carried off, large quantities of public and were in the end obliged to be forcibly ex; by the Commissioners, who ordered in a file of iers, apd took possession; but when the were delivered up not a cent was found in the eafe, although @ considerable amount had beep Drought trom New Orleans a fow wooks ago by Major MeClure. A large sum also, which was in the possession of Captain Whiteley, the Officer having chargo of tho building of the arsenal, has disappeared, and no account hag been rendered of it. The Commissioners are general- ly considered ag erring on the side of courtesy and for- bearance—Colonel MeCulloch hgviag from the tirst urged more prompt and desided measures. General Twiggs left a day or two since, but none of the soldiers have been marched further than a milo out of town, where they are encamped, drawing rations from the , while the is paying and feeding men to take their places. stipposi- tion is, that the officera will not removogthe men as long as there is anything left for them to eat. How long the State will continue to feed them remains to be acon. ‘Most of the oiticors having families here are unwilling to Jeave until warm weather; their indignation at being thus ejected from their ofices is amusing in the extreme, ag they have heretofore rather laughed at the whole affair. Major Macklin and Capt. Reyn side, both Southern- ore, bave resigned and taken service in the State. The first has been made Adjutant General, and tho last Qvar. termaster General. The election, as far as heard from, shows the State to be largel in fayor of socewion. In thie place where the black republican3 counted on a ma- jority of at least three hundred, they had but twenty- seven. In Austin their majority was also much smaller than both sides believed it would have been. In many precincts they had pot more than a dozen voters, and in others only one or two. Many of the men who were under arms to take the arsenal have, since the removal of the State woops, voted the black republican ticket, tus proving themselves traitors to ono side or tho othor—it is a matter.of indif- ference which. You can tell very little of the state of public feeling by the ne’ TB, AS the editors are men Sart decision and iy? f mg — —— The only inoependent one is openly a republican. The Commiesioners leave to-day for the Convention, which meets to-morrow in Austin. OUR GALYE®TON CORRESPONDENCE. Ganvmerox, Magoh 9, 1861. Eucitement Throwghout the Btate—How Lincotn's Inaugural 18 Digested in Texas—Army Movemenis— Intense Pocling of Indignation Against Capiain Hill, of the Army—& Bitter War Expected, dc. loth here and throughout the State the people are in a great state of excitoment and indignation at the inaugural of President Lincoln, and the bolief is that he, his Cabi- net and the whole republican party so little comprehend the tone and epirit of the movement that haa taken placo im the Southern States, that we shall drift rapidly intoa sanguinary war, A revolution has been consummated, an independent government inaugurated, and a free poo- ple, with an almost unparalleled unanimity, has declared that they will no longer hold political union with a com- munity where, as Mr. Lincoln himself declarea, “the moral sense of the people imperfoctl} supports the law” that was made in a spirit of brotherhood, and for the protection of Southern rights of property. The quotation from one of his own spooches which Mr. Lincoln makes in the opening of bie inaugural, that he ‘has no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States whore it exists,’’ and his avoidance of stating there his view of ite atua in the Territories, are looked upon as a covert announcement that he does not hold to the equal rights of the citizens of af the States in the Union. Farther on, Salto Oe ates Se certs < ee a nS lay im the Territories, and assorte that it must be subject to the Fule of the majority, he confirms thie be- him and towards all who support him. looked upon as a virtual declaration of hostilities sooner or later, must 1, as to the many instances. Before thie document came Texas was in u fever at the rumor that Colonel Waite would concentrate the United States forces in the State and endeavor to retake the material surrendered by General Twiggs. Letters addronsed privately by members of the Convention, now to their \ ay : i Z Fa #7 a! The Geographical Location of the Toun—The Peuple Some what Warlike—Their Ancestry, and What they Did— Attack on the Pown by the British in 1814—Fortrex Mow ree and its Big Gune—lis Garrison—Descrigtion of Work—The Big Floyd Gum in Battery—Castle Oalhc « United Stas Ships Arming—Five Thowand Nort Troops to be Concentrated at Norfolk, dc., dc. Supposing your readers will not object to bearing from this part of the “ habitable globe,”” I propose to give you some interesting facte. In the first place, be it remem. bered, this town is only two miles from that celebrated Fortress Monroe, and contains about two thousand inha- Ditants, surrounded by beautiful and fertilefarme. /'f The people here are somewhat warlike. Their fathers and grandfathers having bad a snuff of gunpowder during the ware of the Revolution and 1812, the present genore- tion seem not at all averse to engaging im the same amusement, should the ‘‘irrepreesible oomities” be tho- roughly inaugurated. The town has been the seene of two conflicts. Some gallant men went forth from this place during the struggle of 1776, and it waa attaeked by fifteen hundred ‘‘Britiehers” in 1814, and defended by about three hundred Americans, nearly all of whem wi militia. The Americans were overpowered and retreated, not, however, until first “ bringing down” a mumber c/ “red coats,” and spiking their own (Ameriean) gue / ‘This place was the scene of the most di acts! have ever been perpetrated English nation can never clear itself of the foul J should ever reat upon it, or any cf qountry, mien and ofMcers acted as Pret town. American forces near this 2 ton to mount the guns inland, yoluntecr companies stationed in a q that, too, in a State which had not, Of one thing they may rest time come for }, numbers zens of “Old Keekoughtan”’ will contest, and probably a hradier has now about ‘000 ‘mans rank and capable of making resistance. the fort with 300 well trained men in it cult task for 6,000 to accom: yun’’—the ieee file. bef \plish. too, d cannon—whieh \Tequires’ forty ds of powder to load it. In called the “gun yard” there aro numbers of the guns and t of shot and shell. The fort mile around, and embraces a beautiful where thonsands of men can be drilled. ciency in “quarters” for officers and mates, in which many have to sleep, and damp. Surrounding the fort pag much as ean kept in by attacking party would “age ‘a jore reaching the walls—the feet wide, the latter nearly ‘We understand it is the intention of rend to this port 6,000 soldiers, It hold, commanding, if assisted by Waters of the Chesapeake, which includes York, Rappahannock, Potomac and numerous river and bays. If this scnome is carried out, ginia quietly submits, ibe government map BB een Fane which ‘i tako men and « vast expenditure to « it. Only 1, Mouroo” is) Castle’ Calhoun, wise ? from Fort A is far from completion, thor a guns can be mounted PRige sd wou good p= no Orme us 8 Heneral Davis to marc! fifty thousand men on Washi , should Ot Ado on 10 blockade a port in the Confederate States, or ateomp* 1o collect revenue. This is @ groat idea, and’ wo have b doubt he will not only attempt, but accomplish it ‘Thowsands and tens of thousands of valiant men will jor his army as he passes througlr North Cnrolina and Vir ginia, and there is no r to provent them. Ana tempt, we sry ie, would not be made to stop or pri vent their enlistmont by the State authoritina’ If doc an cilort were nade, it wauld cause a state of things tl. like of which has never been sven. You wouki then rebellion in reality. Those who would dare interp sc would be horled from power as rapidly ag wore t ie Hourbons after Garibaldi made bis descent upon Naphs, apd might possibly meet with a worae fate. The Ie are getting tired of the Convention, and you must not be surprised if they take the atfaire of the State im their own hanes. 1 beliove meetings will be held and ® pol | openrd in various counties to got the sense of the people | upon the existing questions, The United States ship Pocalcntas, from Vera Crus, has arrived in the roads opposite the town. Other are hourly expected. With half a dozen in Toads and five thousand ti é I 5 f ve i 8 E z g ef 8 SEs 3 s 8 <3 =f i i i E Ls ef at Old Point, we expect have a lively time. Iwill hunt up the nows whee ‘hey! arrive, and keep your readers posted about matters and things in general. THE ALABAMA STATE CONVENTION. Morroommey, Ala., March 9, 1861. Tend you the enelosed copies of two important ordi- AN ORDINANCE TO TURN OVER TO THE GOVERNMENT OF re CONFEDERAT®. STATES THR ARM AND MUNTOONE OF Wak KELONGING TO THIS STATE, AND POR OTHER PURYOSES. Section 1. Be it ordained by the people of Alabama, Convention asrembled, That the control of all operations in (his State, hay reference to or ton with questions betwoon this State and e i i i FRete. ash uf government America, to be exercised by said government. Sec. 2. And be it Tnrther’ ordained: Alabama hereby turns over to ment of the Confederate States munitions of war which havo late United States, and which are arsenale in this State; wod that the State 6] ve power fo make a similar dieposition any other arma and munitions of war this State, excepting muskets, rifles phAlege od that the said government of the ‘ee shall aesount for all such arms and munitions ; e iii 2) BS Sec. 3. And be it further ordained, The transfers pro- i shall be condactod om the part of this State by the Governor thereof. T have no acquaintance with Mr. A. Dudley Mann, but Tlearn from a reliable source that he has recently re colved flattering proposals from English capitaliste, wh & view to the tmmediate establishment of direct » and be 5 to England to carry out the wi has engaged #0 much of time, tions for the We , ee omens wants mers wi employed in a direct trade twoen European porte and tho porta of the Confess States, Tnotice on the of the Fxchange Hotol the ¢ names of Themas W. Walker, |’. J. Boned: Town. fend Cox, of New York. - on - SXCURSION THIP TO FUROPE. A committee of arrangements, composed of o90 mem- trip by steamer from Savannah lb Antwerp. The steamer will call en roule at Havre, whore the mala passengers will be hod toBouthantptes, "tet oom mittee consists of F. &. Harstow, of G ; LM. Keitt, of South Carolina; T. M. Wal, of Texen, jg dar! mour, of Louisiana; J.P." Anderson or id Chilton, of Alabama, snd Wiley 1”) Harrie, of sippi. Mr. C. G. Bayler, of Texas, who will ue for some time in M Guppatios Poa ary’ Ala., will attend 40 ali ‘This excursion will afford to our ~ a favorable it yo i 'y © make arrangements for direet Tappend ¢ following, which J editorial —-= Moutgetsory ‘eu of thas afvernoun, Latterly we have thow blood” of Virginis might “Old Virginia blood’ ‘and the most unflinch) zens of the Confederate and true; and we like to Move the dimnoss from said, a dash of the ‘old blood’ H of the assertion, we point to the lotter mjoinad, the remark that it drew from the President of the ry, the Secretary of War, and other prominaat gewtlemen, an Appreciative an’ generous rerpoune. * ie good: and